Tektronix 7A16A User manual

Tektronix
Brand
Tektronix
Model
7A16A
Type
User manual
1
Ν
ST
F
t
U
C
-
Γ
10
Ν
ΜΑΝ
V
A
L
7
Α
16
Α
A
MP
L
I
F
I
ER
Serial
Nu
mber
Te
k
t r
o
n
ix,
Inc
.
t
Ρ
.
Ο
.
Box500
t
B
eaverton,
Oregon
97005
+
Ph
o
ne
:
644-0161
t
Ca
b
les
:
Te
k
tronix
070-1378-00
772
W
A
RR
AN
TY
All
TEK
TR
O
N
IX
instr
u
ments
are
warrante
d
against
d
efective
m
aterials
an
d
wor
k
ma
n s
h
i
p
for
one
year
.
Any
questions
with
res
p
ect
to
t h
e
warranty
s
hould be
ta
k
en
up
with
you
r
TEK
T
R
O
N
IX
F
iel
d
Enginee
r
or
re
p
r
esentative
.
All
requests
fo
r
r
e
p
ai
r
s
an
d
r
e
p
lace
m
ent p
arts
s
h
ould
be
d
i
r
ecte
d
to
t h e
T
EK
TR
O
N
IX
F
iel
d
Office
o
r r
ep
r
ese
n
tative
in
yo
u
r
a r
ea
.
T
h
is
will
assure
you
t
he
fastest
p
ossible
service
.
P
lease
incl
u
d
e t
he
instrument
Ty
pe
Nu
mbe
r
or
P
art
N
umbe
r
and
Serial
Nu
m
b
e
r
with
all
re
q
uests
fo
r p
arts
or
service
.
S
p
ecificatio
n
s
an
d
p
r
ice
c
hange p
rivileges
reserve
d
.
Copy
r
ig
h
t
©
1972
by
Te
k
tronix,
Inc
.,
B
eaverton,
O
r
egon
.
Pr
i
n
te
d
in
t
h
e
U
nited
States of
America
.
All,
rig
h
ts
reserved
.
Conte
n
ts of
t
h
is
pu
b
lication
may
not
be
re
pro
d
uced
in
any
fo
r
m
with
out
permission of
Te
k
t r
onix, Inc
.
U
.S
.A
.
an
d
foreign
T
EK
T
R
ON
IX
pro
d
ucts
cove
r
ed by
U
.S
.
and
foreign patents
and/or
paten
ts
p
e
nd
ing
.
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
is
α
registere
d
t
r
ademar
k of
Te
k
tro
n
ix,
In
TA
BLE
O
F
CO
N
T
EN
TS
S
E
CTIO
N
1
S
PE
CI
F
ICATIO
N
S
E
CTIO
N
2
O
PER
ATI
NG
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
NS
SECTION3
CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION
SECTION
4
M
AINTENANCE
SECTION
5
CALIBRATION
SECTION
6
ELECTRICAL
PARTS
L
IST
Abbreviations
an
d
Symbols
P
arts
Ordering Information
SECTION
7
DIAGRAMS
AND
CIRCUIT
B
OARD
ILLUSTRATIONS
Symbols
and
R
eference
Designators
SECTION
8
MECHANICAL
PARTS
LIST
M
echanical
Parts
L
ist
Information
Index
of
M
echanical
Parts
Illustrations
M
echanical
Parts
L
ist
Page
Intro
d
u
ction
1-1
Electrical
C
h
aracteristics
1-1
En
vi
r
onmental
C
h
ar
acteristics
1-2
Ph
ysical
C
h
aracteristics
1-2
Installation
2-1
Function
of
Controls
and Connectors
2-1
B
asic
O
p
eration
2-2
General
Operating
Information
2-2
Ap
p
lications
2-3
B
lock
Diagram
Description
3-1
Detaile
d
Circuit
Description
3-1
Preventive
M
aintenance
41
Troubleshooting
4-1
Corrective
M
aintenance
4-3
Performance
Check
ς
-1
Test
Eq
ui
p
ment
R
e
q
uired
ς
-1
Short
Form
Proce
d
ure
ς
-2
Calibration
Procedure
5-3
B
alance
5-4
Gain
5-4
Com
p
ensation
5-5
B
andwi
d
th
a
nd
Risetime
5-6
Fig
.
1-1
.
7
Α
16
Α
Amplifier
Plug-in
.
Introduction
T
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
Am
p
lifier
Plug-in
U
nit
is
α
wi
d
e-ban
d
wi
d
t
h
am
p
lifier
d
esigne
d
for use with
T
EK
TR
O
N
IX
7000-Series
C
h
aracte
r
ist
i
cs
Deflectio
n F
acto
r
Cali
brate
d
Range
Acc
ur
acy
Un
cali
br
ate
d (V
AR
IA
BLE)
Gain
R
ange
F
re
quency
R
es
p
o
n
se
Ba
ndwi
d
t
h
AC
Co
up
le
d
(
L
owe
r
B
andwi
d
t
h
L
imit)
1
10
Hz
or
less
.
20
MHz
Bandwi
d
t
h
Ste
pR
es
po
n se
20
MH
z
B
a
n
d
wi
d
t
h
R
iseti
m
e
M
axim
u
m
In
p
u
t
Voltage
DC
Co
u
pled
AC
Co
up
le
d
S
PE
CI
F
ICATIO
N
TA
BLE
1-1
ELE
CTR
ICA
L
Pe
r
fo
r
ma
nce
R
equ
i
re
m
e n ts
5
m
V
/
d
iv
to
5
V
/
d
iv,
10
ste
p
s
i
n
α
1-2-5
se
qu
ence
.
W
it
h
i
n 2
ο
/
ο
of in
d
icate
d
d
eflectio
n
facto
r
wit
h
GAI
N
a
dju ste
d
at
10
m
V
/
d
iv
.
Co
n
tin
u
ously
varia
b
le
betwee
n
calibrate
d ste
p
s
;
exten
d
s
d
eflectio
n
facto
r
to
at least
12
.5
V/
d
iv
.
Wit
h
7400-Se
r
ies
Ι
Wit
h
7500-Series
60
MHz
Ι
90
MHz
W
it
h
7700-Series
W
it
h
7900-Se
r
ies
150
ΜΗτ
225
MH
z
R
iseti
m
e
Ι
W
it
h
7400-Series
W
it
h
7500-Series
5
.9
n
s
3
.9
n
s
W
it
h 7700-Se
r
ies
W
it
h
7900-Series
2
.4
n
s
1
.6
ns
Section
1-7
Α
16
Α
Oscillosco
p
es
.
T
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
can
be
o
perated
in
any
p
l
u
g-in
com
p
artme
n
t
of
7000-Series
Oscillosco
p
es
.
Rea
d
out
enco
d
ing
an
d
trace
i
d
entify
f u
nctions
are
p
rovide
d
to
r
eadout
e
q
ui
pp
ed
oscillosco
p
es
.
S
up
p
lemen
tal
Information
P
e
rm
its
a
dju
st
m
e
n
t of
d
eflectio
n
facto
r
for
cali
br
ate
d
o
p
er
ation
wit
h
all
7000-Se
r
ies
main-
fra
m
es
.
20
MH
z,
±3
MHz
.
21
n
s
maxi
mum
.
250
V
(DC
+
pea
k
AC)
;
Α
com
p
o
n
e n
t
500
V
Ρ
-
Ρ
maxim
um,
1
kH
z
or
less
.
500
V
(DC
+ pea
k
AC)
;
Α
com
p
one
n t
500
V
Ρ
-
Ρ
maxim
um,
1
kH
z
or
less
.
S
p
ecification-7A16A
TA
BLE
1-1
(
εοπ
t)
C
h
a
r
acte
r
istics
Pe
r
fo
rm
a
nce
R
eq
u
i
r
eme
n
ts
Su
p
p
lemental
Informatio
n
Input
R
and
C
R
esistance
1
ΜΩ
t2%
.
Capacita
nce
20
p
F
±0
.5
pF
.
Ove
rd
rive
R
ecove
r
y
Ti
m
e
DC
Drift
TA
BLE
1-2
TA
BLE
1-3
ENV
I
R
O
NMEN
TA
L
CH
A
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
PH
YSICA
L
0
.1
m
s
o
r
less
to
recover
to
wit
h
i
n
one
d
ivisio
n
after
re
m
oval
of
ove
rdr
ive
sig
n
al
of
up to
+75
d
iv
or
-75
d
iv
rega
rd
less
of
ove
rd
rive
sig
n
al
du
ration
.
D
r
ift
wit
h Ti
m
e
(Ambient
Tem
p
0
.02 d
iv
o
r
less
in
any
one
min
u
te
afte
r
one
an
d
L
ine
V
oltage
Co
n
sta
n
t)
h
our
warm
up
.
D
r
ift
wit
h
Te
mp
e
r
at
ur
e
(
Line
Ι
N
ot
m
ore than
0
.02 d
iv/
°
C
.
V
oltage
Co
n
stant)
Size
F
its all
7000-Se
r
ies
p
l
u
g-i
n
co
m
pa
r
tments
.
R
efer
to
t
h
e
sp
ecificatio
n
s
fo
r t
he
associate
d
oscillosco
pe
.
W
eig
ht
0
.9
kg or 1
.9
l
bs
.
O
PER
ATI
N
G
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
S
General
POSITION
Installation
inscribe
d
wit
h
t
he
unit
i
d
entification
"7
Α
16
Α
")
and
t
h e
plug-in
will
un
latc
h
.
Continue p
ulli
ng
on
t
he
latc
h
to
sli
de
GAIN
Ad
j
ustme
n t
t h
e
7
Α
16
Α
o
u t
of
t
he
oscilloscope
.
F
unctions
of
Controls
an
d
Co
n
nectors
F
ront
Panel
I
NPU
T
Co
n
nector
P
rovi
d
es
signal
connection
to
t
he
am
p
lifier
.
AC-G
N
D-DC
Switch
Selects
sig
n
al
i
npu
t
co
up
ling
mo
de
.
AC
:
T
he
AC
com
po
n
e
n
t
of
t
h
e
signal
is
cou
p
led
to
t
he
in
p
ut
w
h
ile
t
h
e
DC
com
ponent
is
b
loc
ke
d
.
DC
:
B
ot
h
AC
and
DC
com
p
onents
of
t
he
sig
n
al is
co
up
le
d
to
t
he
amplifier
i
np
ut
.
P
O
L
A
R
ITY
Switc
h
P
rovi
d
es
α
mea
n
s
of
i
n
verting
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
B
A
N
D
W
IDT
H
Switc
h
Sectio
n
2-7
Α
16
Α
To
effectively
use
t
he
7
Α
16
Α
,
t
he
operation
an
d
Controls
p
osition
of
t
he
trace
.
capabilities
of
t
h
e
instrume
n
t
must
be k
nown
.
T
h
is
section
d
escribes
front-panel
co
n
trol
f
u
nctions,
general
information
on
sig
n
al in
p
ut
co
nn
ections,
an
d
ot
h
er
sub
j
ects
t
h
at
p
ertain
ID
EN
TI
F
Y
P
us
hbu
tton
to
various
measurement
app
licatio
n
s
.
Deflects
trace
about
0
.3
d
ivisio
n
for
trace
i
d
entification
.
In
i
n
str
u
ments
with
rea
d
out,
also
re
p
laces
rea
d
o
u t
wit
h
t
h
e
wor
d
"ID
EN
TI
F
Y"
.
T
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
is
cali
br
ate
d
and
rea
dy
for
use
as
receive
d
.
It
VO
L
TS/D
I
V
Switch
can
be
installed
in
any
com
partment
of
T
EK
TR
O
N
IX
7000-Series
Oscillosco
p
es,
but
is
inten
d
e
d
for
u
se
p
rimarily
Selects
cali
b
rate
d
d
eflection
factors
from
5
mV
/
d
iv
to
in
vertical
p
lug-i
n
com
partmen
ts
.
To
install,
alig
n
t
h
e
u
pp
er
5
V
/
d
iv
;
10
ste
p
s
in
α
1-2-5
se
qu
ence
.
and
lower
rails
of
the 7
Α
16
Α
with
t
he
oscillosco
p
e
trac
k
s
and
i
n
sert
t
he
p
l
u
g-in
.
T
h
e
front
panel
will
b
e
fl
u
s
h
wit
h
t
he
fro
n
t
of
t
h
e
oscillosco
pe
w
h
e n
t
he
p
lug-in
is
inserted,
an
d
V
A
R
IA
BLE
(
VO
L
TS/DI
V
)
t
he
latc
h
at
t
he b
ottom-left
corner
will
b
e
in
place
against
t
he
front
p
anel
.
P
rovi
d
es
continuously
variable
uncali
b
rated
settings
be-
t
w
een
calibrate
d
ste
p
s
.
E
xte
nd
s t
h
e
deflection
factor
to
To
remove
t
he 7
Α
16
Α
,
pull
on
t
he
latc
h
(wh
ic
h
is
12
.5
volts/
d
ivisio
n
or
m
ore
.
Screw
d
river
ad
ju
stment
permits
calibratio
n
of
d
eflection
factor
.
+
UP
:
Α
positive-goi
ng
signal
at
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
con
n
ecto
r
d
eflects
t
h
e
C
R
T
d
isplay
up
ward
.
I
NVER
T
:
Α
positive-goi
ng
sig
n
al
at
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
con-
nector
d
eflects
t
he
C
RT
d
is
p
lay
d
ownwar
d
.
Pr
ovides
α
m
ea
n
s
of
limiti
n
g t
he upper ban
d
wi
d
t
h
.
FULL
:
Allows
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
to
op
erate
at
f
u
ll
rate
d
GND
:
Gro
u
nds
t
he
am
p
lifier in
p
ut
w
h
ile
main
taining
t
he
b
an
d
widt
h
.
same
loa
d
at
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
connector
.
P
rovi
d
es
α
p
at
h
for
p
re-c
h
arging
t
h
e
AC
cou
p
ling
ca
p
acito
r
(t
h
is
feature
p
ro
tects
b
ot
h
t
he 7
Α
16
Α
an
d
t
h
e
so
u
rce
generator
from
20
MH
z
:
R
e
d
uces
t
he u
pp
er
b
andwi
d
t
h
of
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
to
p
ossi
b
le
over-voltage
conditions)
.
about 20
MH
z
.
O
peration-7
Α
16
Α
B
ASIC
O
PER
ATIO
N
T
he
T
EK
TR
O
N
IX Ρ
6053
p
ro
b
e
is
eq
ui
pp
e
d with α
rea
d
out cod
ing
ring
w
h
ic
h
connects
to
α
circ
u
it
in
t
h
e
Ge
n
eral
.
T
h
is
proce
d
ure
d
emonstrates
t
h
e
use
of
t
he
am
p
lifie
r
unit
.
T
h
is
automatically
corrects
t
h
e
rea
dout
co nn ectors
a
nd
controls of
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
,
w
h
ile
at
t
h
e
same
d
is
p
layed
on
t
h
e
C
R
T
to
t
h
e
actual
d
eflection
factor
at
t
he
time
provi
d
ing
α
mea
n
s
of
ch
eck
ing
th
e
basic
operation
of
ti
p
of
t
he
p
ro
b
e
.
T
h
is
p
ro
b
e
is
recommen
de
d
for
use wit
h
t
he
instrument
.
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
and
an
oscilloscope
e
q
u
i
p
pe
d
wit
h
readout
.
T
he
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
Ρ
6054
p
ro
b
e
is
electrically
ide
n
tical
to
t
he
Ρ
6053
b
ut
is
inten
d
e
d
for
use wit
h systems not eq
u
i
pped
Pr
eliminary Set
up
. I
n
stall
t
he
7
Α
16
Α
into
any 7000-
wit
h
rea
d
out
.
For
more
information
refer
to
t
he
Te
k
tronix,
series
oscilloscope
vertical
compartment
an
d
set
t
h
e
oscillo-
Inc
.
catalog
.
sco
p
e
VER
TICA
L
M
OD
E
an
d
T
R
IGG
ER
SO
UR
C
E
to
t
he
p
ro
p
er
setti
n
gs
.
Install
α
7-series
time-base
unit into
α
h
o
r
izontal
Vertical
Gain
C
h
ec
k
and
A
d
j
ustment
com
partment
an
d
set
t
he
oscillosco
p
e
HO
R
IZO
N
TA
L
To
ch
ec
k
t
he
gai
n
of
t
he 7
Α
16
Α
,
set
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
M
OD
E
to
t
h
e
p
ro
p
er
setting
.
Set
t
he
time-
b
ase
unit
to
α
s
w
itc
h
to
10
mV
a
nd connect α 40
m
V,
1
kH
z
sig
n
al
from
swee
p
rate
of
on
e-milliseco
nd per
division
an
d
set
t
he
the
oscillosco
p
e
calibrator
to
t
h
e
In
p
ut
connector
.
T
h
e
triggeri
ng
mode
to
A
U
TO
.
vertical
d
eflection
s
h
ould
b
e
exactly
four
d
ivisions
.
If
not,
a
d
ju
st
t
he
front panel
GAI
N
for
exactly
four
d ivisions
.
Proced
u
re
1
.
Set
t
h
e 7
Α
16
Α
AC-G
N
D-DC
switc
h
to
GND
and
p
ositio
n
t
h
e
trace
to
t
h
e
ce
n
ter
of
t
he
graticule
.
2
.
Set
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
to
10
m
V
an
d
apply
α
40
m
V
1
kH
z
s
q
uare-wave
signal
from
t
h
e
oscilloscope
CA
L
I
BR
ATO
R
to
t
he 7
Α
16
Α
I
NPU
T
connector
.
Set
t
he
AC-G
N
D-DC
switc
h
to
DC
and ch
ec
k
for
α
fou
r
-
d
ivisio
n
dis
p
lay
.
3
.
Set
P
O
L
A
R
ITY
switc
h
to
I
NVER
T
a
n
d
ch
ec
k
t
h
at
t
h
e
dis
p
laye
d
signal
is
inverted
as
compared
to
its
ap
p
ear-
ance
in
step
2
.
4
.
Set
t
he
AC-G
N
D-DC
switc
h
to
AC
a
nd ch
ec
k
t
h
at
t
h
e
trace
is
centere
d
on
t
h
e
C
R
T
g
r
aticule
.
5
.
Set
t
h
e
oscillosco
pe
CA
L
I
BR
ATO
R
to
4
m
V
and
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
MAG
switc
h
set
to
ιΧ
10
.
C
h
ec
k
for
α
fo
u
r-
d
ivision
d
is
p
lay
.
6
.
P
ress
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
ID
EN
TI
F
Y
bu
tton,
c
h
ec
k
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
moves
u
p
ward
a
pp
roximately
0
.3
division
an
d
t
h
e
rea
dou
t
(if
so
e
qu
ip
p
e
d
)
rea
d
s
"ID
EN
TI
F
Y"
.
G
EN
E
R
A
L
O
PER
ATI
NG
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
Signal
Connectio
n
s
In
p
ut
Co
u
pling
T
he
AC-G
N
D-DC
switc
h
allows
α
ch
oice
of
in
p
ut
cou
p
ling
met
h
od
s .
T
h
e
ty
p
e
of
d
is
p
lay
d
esired
a
nd
t
he
app
lie
d
signal
will
determine
t
h
e
cou
p
li
ng
to
use
.
T
he
DC
cou
pling
p
osition
ca
n
be
use
d
for
most
ap
p
lications
.
For
AC
signals
wit
h
f
r e
q
uencies
b
elow
a
b
out
30
H
z
(10
H
z
wit
h α 10
Χ
p
robe),
an
d
s
q
uare
waves
w
h
ose
low-frequency
com
p
onents
are
imp
ortant
to
t
he
display,
it
is
necessary
to
use
DC
cou
pling
to
obtain
α
satisfactory
p
resentation
.
In
t
he
AC
coup
li
n
g
p
ositio
n
t
he
DC
component
of
t h e
signal
is
b
loc
ked
b
y α
ca
p
acitor
in
t
he
in
pu
t
circ
u
it
.
T
he
AC
coup
ling
position
p
rovides
t
he
best
display
of
signals
wit
h
α
DC
com
p
onent
muc
h
larger
t h
an
t
he
AC
com
p
on
ent
.
T
h e
p
re-c
h
arge
feature
s
h
oul
d
be
use
d
w
hen
t
h
ere
is
α
p
ossi
b
ility
of
h
aving
α
resi
d
ual
c
h
arge
on
t
h
e
i
np
ut ca
p
acitor
of
t h e
op
p
osite
polarity
to
t
h
e
inte
nded
i
n
p
ut,
and
w
h
en
t h e
algebraic
sum
of
t
h
e
com
b
i
n
atio
n
of
ch
arges
may
b
e
greater
t
han
t
h
e
maximum
in
p
ut
limitations
of
t
he
am
p
lifier
.
To
use
t
h
is
feature,
first
set
t
he
coupling
switc
h
to
GN
D,
t
h
en
connect
t
he pro
b
e
to
t
h
e
circ
u
it
an
d
wait
about
two
seco
nd
s
for
t
he coup
ling
ca
p
acitor
to
c
h
arge,
set
t
h
e
coup
ling
switc
h
to
AC
.
In
general,
p
robes
offer
t
he
most
co
n
venie
n
t
mea
n s
of
T
h
e
G
N
D
p
osition
p
rovi
d
es
α
ground
reference
at
t
he
con
necting
α
sig
n
al
to
t
he
i
n
p
ut of
t
he 7
Α
16
Α
.
Α
10
Χ
inpu
t
of
t
h
e
am
p
lifier
without
externally
grou
nding
t
he
atten
u
ator
pro
b
e
offers
α
h
ig
h
im
p
e
d
ance
and
allows
t
h
e
In
p
u
t
connectors
.
However,
t
h
e
signals
connecte
d
to
t
he
circ
u
it
under
test
to
p
erform
very
close
to
normal
o
p
erating
in
pu
ts
are
not
gro
un
d
ed,
and
t
he
same
DC
loa
d
is
p
resente
d
con
d
itions
.
to
t
he
signal
source
.
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
and
V
A
R
IA
BL
E
2
.
Set
t
he
Co
u
pling
switch to
AC
.
T
h
e
amount
of d
eflectio
n p
roduced
by
α
sig
n
al is
d
etermine
d
by
t
he
signal
amplitu
d
e, t
he
attenuatio
n facto
r
of
t
he prob
e, t
h
e
setting
of
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
and
t
he
setting
of
t
h
e
VA
R
IA
BLE
Control
.
Calibrate
d
d
eflection
factors
re
p
resente
d
b
y
t
h
e
setting
of
t
he
V
O
L
TS/
DI
V
switch
apply
only
w
hen
t
h
e
V
A
R
IA
BLE
con
trol
is
i
n
t
he
CA
L p
ositio
n
(
p
ush
e
d
-in)
.
T
he
V
A
R
IA
BLE
control p
rovides
variable
u
ncalibrate
d
settings
between
t
h
e
cali
brated
ste
p
s
of
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
V
A
R
IA
BLE
control
outset
fully
co
u
nter-
cloc
kwise
t h e
uncalibrated d
eflectio
n factor
is
exten
d
ed
to
at
least
2
.5
times
t
he
atte
n
uator
setting
.
By
a
pp
lyi
ng
α
calibrate
d
voltage
source
to
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
conn
ector,
any
specific
d
eflection
factor
can
be
set
with
in t
he
range
of
t
h
e
V
A
R
IA
BLE
co
n
trol
.
P
olarity
Switch
The
P
O
L
A
RITY
switch p
rovi
d
es
α
means
of
inverting
t
h
e
d
is
p
laye
d
signal
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
P
OL
A
R
ITY
set
to +
UP,
α
p
ositive-going
sig
n
al
at
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
p
ro
d
uces
an
up
ward
d
eflectio
n of
t
he
CRT
display
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
P
O
L
A
R
ITY
set
to
I
NVER
T,
α
p
ositive-going
signal
will
p
ro
d
uce
α
d
ownwar
d
d
eflectio
n of
t
h
e
CR
T
d
isplay
.
Trace
I
d
entification
Wh
en
t
he ID
EN
TI F
Y
b
utton
is
p
resse
d
,
t
he
trace
is
deflecte
d
u
p
war
d
about
0
.3
d
ivision
to
i
d
entify
t
h
e 7
Α
16
Α
trace
.
T
h
is
feature
is
p
articularly
usef
u
l
w
h
en
multi
p
le
traces are
d
isplayed
on
the
CR
T
.
In
mainframes
wit
h
rea
d
out,
it
also
re
p
laces
t
h
e
d
eflection
factor
rea
d
out
wit
h
t
he
wor
d
"ID
EN
TI F
Y"
.
General
A
PPL
ICATIONS
P
ea
k
-to-
P
ea
k
V
oltage
M
easurements
(AC)
To
ma
k
e
pea
k
-to-
peak
voltage
meas
u
rements,
use
t
h
e
following
p
r
oce
d
ure
:
1
.
Apply
t
h
e
signal
to
t
he
In
p
ut connector
.
ΝΟΤΕ
ΝΟΤΕ
P
osition
to
ce
n
ter
vertical
line
Operation-7A
16A
For
low-frequency
signals
below
about
30
h
ertz,
use
the
DC
position
to
prevent
attenuation
of
the
signal
.
3
.
Set
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch to d
is
p
lay
about
five
vertical
d
ivisions
of
t
h
e
waveform
.
4
.
Set
t
he
time-base
Triggering
controls for
α
stable
d
is
p
lay
.
Set
t
he
Time
B
ase
to α
swee
p
rate
w
h
ic
h
dis
p
lays
several
cycles
of
t
h
e
waveform
.
5
.
Tur
n
t
he 7
Α
16
Α
P
OSITIO
N
control so the
lower
p
ortio
n
of
t
h
e
waveform
coinci
d
es
wit
h
o
ne of
t
he
gratic
u
le
li
n
es
below
t
he center
h
orizontal
li
n
e,
and
t
he top of
t
h
e
waveform
is
wit
h
in
t
he
viewi
ng
area
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
time
base
P
osition
co
n
t
r
ol,
move
t
h
e
dis
p
lay
so
one
of
t
he u
pp
er
p
ea
k
s lies
n
ear
t h e
center
vertical
line
(see
F
ig
.
2-1)
.
6
.
M
easure
t
he
d
ivisions
of
vertical
d
eflection
p
eak to
p
ea
k
.
C
h
eck
t
h
at
t
h
e
V
A
R IA
BLE
control
is
i
n
t
h
e
CA
L
p
osition
.
This
technique
can
also
be used
to
make
measu
r
e-
ments
between
two
p
oints
on
the
waveform,
r
athe
r
t
han
p
ea
k
to
peak
.
T
he
following
i
n
formation
d
escribes
t h e
p
r
oce
d
ures
a
nd
tech
ni
q
ues
for
ma
k
ing
meas
u
rements
with
α
7
Α
16
Α
an d
t
h
e
associate
d
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
oscillosco
p
e
and
time-base
.
T
h
ese
a
pp
licatio
n
s
are
n
ot
d
escri
bed
in
d
etail,
since
eac
h
a
pp
lica-
tio
n
must
b
e
ad
a
pted to
t h e re
q
ui
r
ements
of
t h e
i
nd
ivi
d
ual
m
eas
u
rements
.
T
h
is
instrument
can
also
b
e
used
for
many
app
lications
w
h
ic
h
are
n
ot
described
in t
h
is
manual
.
defle
V
e
r
c
ti
ι
co
ι
n
Co
n
tact
your
local
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
F
iel
d Office
or represen
t-
ative
for
assistance
in
ma
k
ing
s
p
ecific
measureme
n
ts
wit
h
t
h
is
instrument
.
F
ig
.
2-1
.
M
eas
ur
i
ng
t
h
e
p
ea
k
-to-pea
k
voltage
of
α
waveform
.
2-3
Ope
r
ation-7
Α
16
Α
7
.
Mu
lti
p
ly
t
h
e
d
istance
measu
re
d
in
ste
p 7 b
y
t
he
5
.
Set
t h e
time-
b
ase
Triggeri
n
g
controls fo
r
α
sta
b
le
V
OL
TS/DI
V
switc
h
setting
.
I
n
clude
t
he
attenuation
factor
d
is
p
lay
.
Set
t
he
Time
Base
swee
p
rate
for
an o
p
ti
m
um
of
t
he p
robe
if
used
.
d
is
p
lay
of
t
he
waveform
.
EXA
MPLE
:
Assu
me
t
h
at
t
h
e
peak
to
p
ea
k
vertical
6
.
Measure
t
h
e
d
ista
n
ce
in
d
ivisio
n
s
between
t
h
e
refer-
d
eflectio
n
is
4
.5
d
ivisions
using
α
10
Χ
attenuator
p
robe,
ence
line
and
t
he p
oint
on
t
he
waveform
at
w
h
ic
h
t
he
DC
and
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
is
set
to
1
V
.
level
is
to
be
measured
.
For
exam
p
le,
in
Fig
.
2-2
t
he
measurement
is
between
t
h
e
reference
line
an
d
p
oint
Α
.
vertical
VO
L
TS/DI
V
p
ro
b
e
Volts
=
d
eflection
Χ
Χ
atten
u
ator
(
d
ivisio
n
s)
setti
n
g
facto
r
S
ub
stituti
n
g
t
he
given
val
u
es
:
Volts
P
ea
k
to
P
ea
k =
4
.5
Χ
1
Χ
10
T
he
p
ea
k
-to-
p
ea
k
voltage
is
45
volts
.
If
you
are
usi
ng
α
7
Α
16
Α
wit
h
α
cod
e
d
pro
b
e
an
d
an
oscillosco
p
e
equ
i
pp
e
d wit
h
rea
do
u
t, si
mp
ly
m
u
lti
p
ly
the
d
istance
measured
in
ste
p 7
b
y
t
he
deflection
factor
d
is
p
laye
d on
t
he
C
RT
.
Instantantous
V
oltage
Measurements
(DC)
To
measure
t
he
DC
level
at
α
give
n
point
on
α
waveform,
p
rocee
d
as
follows
:
1
.
Co
n
nect
t
he
signal
to
t
h
e
In
p
ut
connector
.
2
.
Set
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
to
d
isplay
about
five
d
ivisio
n
s
.
3
.
Set
t
h
e
Co
up
ling
switc
h
to
G
ND
an
d
p
osition
t
he
trace
to
t
he
bottom
graticule
line
or ot
h
e r r
efe
r
ence
line
.
If
t
he
voltage
is
negative
wit
h
res
p
ect
to
grou
nd
,
p
osition
t
he
trace
to
t
he
to
p
gratic
u
le
li
ne
.
Do
n
ot
move
t
he
POSITIO
N
control
after
t
h
is
reference
line
h
as
b
een
establis
h
e
d
.
NO
ΤΕ
7
.
E
sta
b
lis
h
t
he p
olarity
of
t
he
waveform
.
W
it
h
t
h e
+
UP
/I
NV
switc
h
i
n
t
h
e
+
UP
p
ositio
n
,
a
ny
p
oi
n t
above
t h e
reference
line
is
p
ositive
.
8
.
Multiply
t
h
e
d
ista
n
ce
measured
i
n
step
7 by
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
setti
n
g
.
I
n
clude
t
h
e
atte
n
uation
facto
r
of
t
h
e
p
robe,
if
use
d
.
EXA
MPLE
:
Assu
me
t
h
e
vertical
d
ista
n
ce
measure
d
is
3
.6
d
ivisions (see
Fig
.
2-2)
and
t
h
e
waveform
is
above
t
he
r
eference
line
usi
ng
α
10
Χ
p
r
obe
with
α
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
setting
of
0
.5
V
.
U
sing
t
h
e
form u
la
:
Instan-
vertical
VO
L
TS/
p
ro
b
e
taneous
=
d
istance
Χ
p olarity
Χ
DI
V
Χ
atte
n
uatio
n
V
oltage
(
d
ivisions)
setting
facto
r
S
ub
stit
u
ti
n
g t
he
given
values
:
Instantaneo
u
s
Voltage
=
3
.6
Χ
1
Χ
0
.5
VΧ
10
T
he
instantaneo
u
s
voltage
is
18
volts
.
To
measure
α
voltage
level
with
r
espect
to
anot
h
e
r
Ve
r
tical
voltage
rat
her
t
h
an groun
d,
ma
k
e
t
h
e
following
distance
c
h
anges
to
Step
4
.
Set
t
h
e
Coupling
switc
h
to
DC
and
apply
t
h
e
refe
r
ence
voltage
to
t
h
e Input
con
n
ecto
r
.
T
h
en
position
t
h
e
trace
to
t
h
e
r
efe
r
ence
line
and
disconnect
t
h
e
r
efere
n
ce
voltage
.
R
efe
r
e n
ce
line
4
.
Set
t
h
e
Cou
p
ling
switc
h
to
DC
.
T
he
gro
und
refe
r
ence
'
'
line
can
b
e ch
ec
ke
d
at
any
time
by
switc
h
ing
to
t
he
GND
F
i
g
,
2
.2,
Meas
u
ri
ng
i
n
sta
n
ta
n
eo
u
s
voltage
wit
h
respect to
same
position
.
reference
.
Comparison
M
eas
u
rements
T
h
is
is
t h e
vertical
conve
r
sion
factor
.
In
some
a
pp
licatio
n
s
it
may
b
e
d
esira
b
le
to
esta
b
lis
h
u
nits
of
m
easurement
oth
er
th
an
t
hose
indicate
d b
y
t
h
e
VOL
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
T
h
is is
partic
u
larly
useful
w
h
en
com
p
aring
un
k
nown
signals
to α reference
amplitu
d
e
.
One
use
fo
r
t
h
e
compariso
n
-measureme
n
t
tec
hn
i
q
ue
is
to
facili-
tate
calibratio
n
of
e
qu
i
p
ment
w
h
ere
t
he
d
esire
d a
mp
litu
d
e
does
not pro
d
u
ce
an
exact
number
of d
ivisions
of
d
eflec-
tio
n
.
T
h e a
d
j
ustment
will
be
easier
and
mo
r
e
accurate
if
ar
b
itrary
units
of
measurement
are
esta
b
lis
h
e
d
,
so
t
h
at
t
h
e
correct
ad
ju
stme
n
t
is
i
nd
icate
d by
an
exact
numb
er
of
d
ivisions
of d
eflection
.
T
he following p
roced
u
re
d
escri
b
es
h
ow
to
establis
h
ar
b
itrary
u
nits
of
meas
u
re
for
com
p
arison
measurements
.
To
esta
b
lis
h
α
ve
r tical
d
eflection
factor
b
ase
d
upon
α
s
p
ecific
reference
amplitu
d
e,
proceed
as
follows
:
2
.
Set
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch and
t
h
e
V
A
R
IA
BLE
con
trol
to prod
uce
α
d
is
p
lay
w
h
ic
h
is
an exact
number
of
ve
r tical
d
ivisio
n
s
in
am
p
litu
d
e
.
Do
not
ch
a
nge
t
h
e
VA
R
IA
BLE
con
trol
after
ob
tai
n
ing
t
he
desire
d d
eflection
.
V
ertical
Conversion
F
actor
Ope
r
ation-7A16A
_
reference
signal
am
p
litu
d
e
(volts)
vertical
d
eflection
Χ
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
(
d
ivisions)
setti
n
g
5
.
To
measure
t
he
am
p
litude
of an
un
k
nown
signal,
d
isco
nnect
t
h
e
refe
r
ence
sig
n
al
a
nd conn
ect
t
h
e
unknown
signal
to
t
h
e
I
np
ut co
nnector
.
Set
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
to α
setting
t
h
at
p
rovides
s
u
fficient vertical
deflection
to
ma
k
e
an
accurate
meas
u
rement
.
Do
not
re-a
d
ju
st
t
h
e
V
A
R
IA
BLE
control
.
6
.
M
eas
u
re
t
h
e
vertical
deflection
in
d
ivisions
and
calculate
t
he
am
p
litu
d
e of
t
he
u
nk
nown
signal
using
t
h
e
following
formula
:
Signal
_
VO
L
TS/DI
V
vertical
vertical
1
.
Co
n
nect
t
h
e
reference
signal
to
t
h
e
In
pu
t
co
n
nector
.
Am
p
lit
u
d
e
setting
Χ
conversio
n
Χ
d
eflectio
n
Set
t
h
e
time-base
sweep
rate
to
d
isplay
several
cycles
of
t
h
e
factor
(divisio
n
s)
sig
n
al
.
E
XA
MPLE
:
Assume
α reference
signal
amplit
u
d
e
of
30
volts,
α
VO
L
TS/DI
V
setting
of 5
V
a
nd
t
he
V
A
R
IA
BLE
control ad
j
usted
to
pr
ovi
de
α
vertical
d
eflection
of
four
d
ivisions
.
S
ub
stit
u
ting
t
hese values
in t
he
vertical
co
n
version
factor
formula
(step
4)
:
3
.
To
esta
b
lis
h an
arbit
r
ary ve
r
tical
d
eflectio
n
factor
so
t
he
am
p
litu
d
e
of
an
u
n
k
nown
signal
can b
e
m
easure
d
V
ertical
Conversion
-_
30
V
=
1
.5
accurately
at
any
setti
ng of
t
h
e
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
t
h
e
F
actor
4
Χ
5
V
am
p
lit
u
de
of
t
h
e
reference
signal
must
be
kn
own
.
If it
is
not
kn
own,
it
ca
n b
e
m
eas
u
re
d before
t
he
VA
R
IA
BLE
control
is
set
in
ste
p
2
.
T
h
en
with α
VO
L
TS/DI
V
setting
of 2 V,
t
h
e
p
ea
k
to p
ea
k
am
p
lit
u
de
of
an
unknown
sig
n
al
w
h
ic
h p
r
od
uces
α
vertical
d
eflection
of
five
d
ivisions
can
b
e d
etermi
ne
d
by
using
t
he
4
.
Divide
t
he
am
p
lit
u
d
e of
t
h
e
reference
signal
(volts)
signal
am
p
litu
d
e
fo
r
mula
(ste
p
6)
:
b
a
r t
h
e
product
of
t
h
e
vertical
d
eflection
(
d
ivisions)
establis
he
d
in
step
2 and
t
he
setting
of
t
h
e
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
Signal
switc
h
.
Am
p
litu
d
e
2
V
Χ
1
.5
Χ
5
=
15
volts
Introduction
T
h
e
outp
u t
of
t
h
e
Signal
Splitter
Am
p
lifier
is
co
nnected
to
t
he
oscilloscope
mai
n
frame
via
t
he
interface
connector
.
T
h
is
section
of
t
h
e
manual
contains
α
d
escri
p
tion
of
t
he
circuitry
u
se
d
in t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
am
p
lifier
.
T
h
e
7A1
6A
d
escri
p
-
tion begins wit
h
α d
iscussion
of
t
h
e
instr
u
me
n
t
usi
ng
t
h
e
b
loc
k
diagram
s
h
ow
n in t
he
Diagrams
section
.
T
h
e
n
,
each
circuit
is
d
escribed
in
d
etail
using
b
loc
k d
iagrams
to
s
h
ow
t
he
interconnections
b
etween
stages
in
eac
h
ma
j
or
circuit
a
nd
t
h
e
relations
h
ip
of
t
he
front-
p
anel
controls to
t
h
e
in
d
ivi
d
ual stages
.
Com
p
lete sc
h
ematics
of
eac
h
circ
u
it
a
r
e
give
n
in
the
Diagrams
section
.
R
efer
to th
ese
sc
h
ematics
t
h
roug
h
out
t
he
following
circ
u
it
d
esc
r
iptio
n
for
electrical
val
u
es
a
nd
relations
h
ip
.
BL
OC
K
DIAG
R
A
M
Th
e
signal
to
b
e d
is
p
laye
d
on
t
h
e
C
RT
is
ap
p
lie
d to
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
connector
.
T
h
e
sig
n
al
p
asses
t
hrou
g
h
t
h e
in
put
cou
p
ling
switch
,
w
here
t
he a
pp
rop
riate
cou
p
ling
is
selecte
d
,
to
t
he
attenuators
.
T
h e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
selects
t
he
correct
amount
of
atten
u
ation
and
t
he
signal
is
p
asse
d to
t
he
In
pu
t
Source
F
ollower
.
T
he
P
olarity
Amplifier
provides
α
conve
n
ient
mea
n
s
of
inverting
t
he
d
is
p
laye
d
trace
.
T
he out put of
t
he
P
olarity
Amplifier
d
rives
t
h
e
2
Χ
Gain
Am
p
lifier
:
CI
R
C
U
IT
D
E
SC
R
I
P
TIO
N
R
eadout enco
d
ing circuitry
u
se
d
i
n
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
is
standard
to
t
h
e
7000-Series
.
D
E
TAI
LE
D
CI
RC
U
IT
D
E
SCR
I
P
TION
AC-G
N
D-DC
Switch
In
put
signals
connecte
d to
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
connector
can
b
e
AC-co
u
ple
d
,
DC-couple
d
,
or
i
n
ternally
d
isconnecte
d
.
S100A
is
α
cam-ty
pe switch
;
α
contact-clos
u
re
c
h
a
r
t
s
h
owing
t
h
e
operation
is
given
on
t
h
e
sc
he
m
atic
d
iagrams
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
AC-G
N
D-DC
switch
is
i
n
t
he
DC
p
ositio
n
,
t
he
I
NPU
T
signal
is
connecte
d d
irectly
to
t
h
e
atten
u
ators
.
In
t
he
AC
p
osition,
t
he
I
NPU
T
signal
p
asses
t
hro
u
gh
ca
p
acito
r
C10
.
T
h
e
cap
acitor
p
revents
t
he
DC
component
of
t
he
signal
from
passing
to
t h e
am
p
lifier
.
T
h
e
GN
D
p
ositio
n
o
p
ens
t
h
e
signal
p
at
h
and con
n
ects
t
h
e
inpu
t
circ
u
it
of
t
he
amplifier
to gro
und
.
T
h
is
p
rovi
d
es
α gro
un
d
reference
wit
h
out
t
h
e
need to discon
n
ect
t
he
a
p
plie
d
signal
from
t
he
I
NPU
T
connector
.
R
esistor
R
102,
co
nn
ected
across
t
he
AC-G
N
D-DC
switc
h
,
allows
C10
to b
e
p
re-c
h
arged
in
t
h
e
G
ND
p
ositio
n
.
In
p
ut
Attenuator
Section
3-7
Α
16
Α
W
it
h
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
set
to
t
he 5
mV
an
d
Th
e
effective
overall
d
eflection
facto
r
of
t
h
e 7
Α
16
Α
is
10
m
V p
ositio
n
s, t
h
e
signal
connecte
d to
t
h
e
I
N
PU
T
d
ete
r
mi
n
e
d by
t
he
setting
of
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
connector
is
p
asse
d
t
h
roug
h
t
h
e
attenuators
υη
-attende
d
.
S100
B
.
T
h
e
b
asic
deflection
factor
is
5
millivolts
p
er
To
ac
h
ieve
α
deflection
factor
of 5
mV
/Div
t
h
e
gain
of
t
h
e
d
ivision
of
CRT
d
eflection
.
To
increase
t
h
e
b
asic
d
eflection
2Χ
Gain
Am
p
lifier
is
increase
d
from
one
to
two
.
Inter
n
al
factor
to
t
h
e
val
u
es
i
nd
icate
d
on
t
he front
panel,
p
recisio
n
gain
an
d
b
ala
nce a
d
ju
stments
are
incl
u
ded
in
t
he
am
p
lifier
.
attenuators
are
switched
into
t
he
circuit
.
S100
B
is
α
ca
m
-type
switch
and
t
h
e
dots
on
t
h
e
contact-closure
c
h
art
(see
Diagram
1)
in
d
icate
w
hen
t
h
e
associate
d
contacts
are
in
Overall
GAI
N
and
VA
R
IA
BLE
gain
is
a
dj
uste
d
in
t
he
t
h
e
positio
n
s
h
own
(o
p
en or
close
d
)
.
In
t
h
e
5
m
V
/Div
and
Gain
Amplifier
.
V
aria
b
le
B
alance
and
h
ig
h
f
r
equen
cy
10
mV
/Div p
ositions,
t
h
e
atten
u
ators
are
n
ot
used
;
t
he
a
dj
ustme
n
ts a r e
also
controlled
in
t
he
Gain
Am
p
lifier
.
T
h
e
in
pu
t
sig
n
al
is
co
nnected d
irectly
to
t
h
e
Sou
r
ce
F
ollower
.
out
p
ut of
t
he
Gain
Amplifier
is
connecte
d to
t
h
e
P
osi-
T
he
10
mV
/Div
positio
n decreases
t
he
gain
of
t
he 2
Χ
Gain
tioni
ng
circ
u
itry
w
h
ere
t
h
e
P
OSITIO
N
an
d
ID
EN
TI
F
Y
Amplifier
.
F
or
switch
positions
above
ten
millivolts
p
er
f u
nctions
are
controlle
d
.
d
ivision,
t
he
atten
u
ators
are switc
h e
d
into
t
h
e
circ
u
it
singly
o
r
i
n
pairs
to p
ro
d
uce
t
h
e
d
eflection
factor
in
d
icate
d
on
t
h
e
front
panel
.
T
h
ese
h
ybrid
atte
nuators
are fre
qu
ency
T
h e
Signal
Splitter
Am
p
lifier
provi
d
es
d
ifferential
sig
n
al
com
p
en
sate
d
voltage
d
ividers
.
F
or
DC
and
low-frequency
ou
t
p
uts
fo
r
t
he
signal
line
and
t
h
e
trigger
line
.
T
h
is
stage
sig
n als,
the
attenuators
are
p
ri
m
arily
r
esista
nce
d
ivi
d
ers
an
d
contains α
b
andwi
d
t
h
limiter
t
h
at
limits
t
he
upp
er
fre
qu
e
n
-
at
h
ig
h
f
r
e
quencies
t
he
atten
uator b
ecomes
p
rimarily
α
cy
res
p
onse
to
20
MH
z
.
ca
p
acitive
divi
d
er
.
Circ
u
it
Desc
r
i
p
tio
n
-7
Α
16
Α
In
a
dd
ition
to
provi
d
ing
constant
attenuatio
n
at
all
Position
Circuit
freq
u
encies
wit
h
in
t
h
e
b
a
nd
width
of
t
he
i
n
strume
n
t,
t
h
e
inp
u
t
attenuators
are
designe
d
to
maintain
t
he
sa
m
e
in
pu
t
Positioning
current
is
added
to
t
h
e
sig
n
al
curre
n
t
of
RC
c
h
aracteristics
(one
mego
h
m
Χ
20 pF
)
.
Each
attenuator
U
550
output from
t
he
c
u
rrent
sources
Q720
and
Q730
.
8736
co
n
tains
an
a
dj
ustable
series
ca
p
acito
r
to
p
rovi
d
e
correct
controls
t
he
voltage
at
t
h
e
b
ases
of
t
he
curre
n
t
attenuation
at
h
ig
h
fre
q
uencies,
and
an
a
dj
usta
b
le
s
h
u
n
t
so
u
rces
w
h
ic
h
i
n
tur
n d
etermi
n
es
t
h
e
amo
u
nt of
positioning
atten
to
provide
correct
in
pu
t
ca
p
acitance
.
current
a
dd
e
d
.
Wh
e
n
t
he
ID
EN
TI
F
Y
switc
h
is
close
d
t
h
e
capacitor
current
t
h
roug
h
Q730
is
red
u
ce
d
causing
t
h
e
CR
T
trace
to
deflect
.
In
p
ut
Source
F
ollower
Q1
50A
and
Q140
form
α
casco
de
am
p
lifier
wit
h
Q1
50B
p
rovi
d
ing
α
constant
cu
rrent
.
R
132
limits
t
he cu
rrent drive
to
t
h
e
gate
of
Q150A
.
Dual-dio
d
e
C
R
130
p
rovides
circuit
protection
b
y
limiting
t
he
voltage
swing
at
t
he
gate of
Q150A
to
a
bou
t
±9
volts
.
R
134,
C130,
and
t
he
capac-
itance
of
R
130
p
rovi
d
e
low
freq
uency
com
p
ensation
.
I
np
ut
capacitance
for
t
h
e
5
m
V
an
d 10
mV
p
ositions
is
set
b
y
C134
.
T
he outp
u
t
to
t
h
e
P
olarity
Amplifier
(
U
350)
is
from
t
h
e
source of
Q150A
and
h
ig
h
fre
q
uencies
from
t
he
collecto
r
of
Q140
.
R
164
is
use
d
to
b
ala
n
ce
t
h
e
in
p
ut to
t
he
P
ola
r
ity
Am
p
lifier
.
Q820, Q840,Q860,
an
d
Q880
are use
d
as
level
s
h
ifters
to
return
t
h
e
DC
level
of
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
signal
to zero
.
Polarity
Am
p
lifier
Am
p
lifier
Q820-Q840
are
switc
h
ed
on
w
hen
t
he
BA
N
D-
W
IDT
H
switc
h
is
in
t
he
full
p
ositio
n
.
W
it
h
t
h e
B
A
N
D-
U
350
is
α
p
ara
p
h
ase
type
amplifier
with
α
d
u
al
differen-
W
IDT
H
switc
h
in
t
h
e
20
MH
z
p
ositio
n
Q860-Q880
is
tial
outp
ut ca
p
a
b
ility
.
P
olarity
of
the outp
ut
is
selecte
d by
switc
he
d
on
.
Α
filter
in
t
he
collectors
of
Q860-
Q880
limit
gating
t
he co
n
t
r
ol
b
ases of
eit
h
er
t
h
e
i
n
verte
d
out
p
ut
or
t
he
t
h
e
b
a
nd
wi
d
t
h
.
C
R
860
an
d
C
R
880
isolate
t
h
e
filter
from
υη
-inverte
d
o
u t
pu
t
.
Τ
301
is
α
b
alun
transfor
m
er
a
n
d
t
h
e
outp
ut
w
h
en
in
t
h e
FULL
m
od
e
.
p
rovi
d
es
differential
drive
to
U350
at
h
ig
h
fre
qu
encies
.
C334
a
nd
R
334
t
h
ermally
com
pen
sate
for
gm
c
han
ges
i
n
Q1
50A
.
T
h
e t
r
igger
signal
ci
r
cuitry
is
similar
to
t
he
d
is
p
lay
signal
circ
u
itry
wit
h
Q920
an
d
Q940
as
level
s
h
ifters
fo
r
t
he
FULL
b
an
dwidth
position
and
Q960
an
d
Q980
as
level
2
Χ
Gain
Am
p
lifier
sh
ifters
for
t
h
e
20
MH
z
b
a
nd
wid
t
h
p
osition
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
of
t
h
e
P
olarity
Amplifier
is
casco
ded
to
U
450,
integrate
d
circ
u
it
U450
is
t
he
same
ty
pe
as
U
350
.
In
Connectors
t
h
e
5
m
V
position,
full
d
rive
is
p
rovi
d
e
d
to
t
h
e
followi
ng
All
t
h e
conn
ectio
n
s
ma
de
to
t h e
main
frame
b
y
t h e
stage
from
pins
6
an
d
8
of
U
450
.
In
t
he 10
mV
positio
n
pins
5
and
9
provi
d
e
dr
ive
to
t
he
followi
n
g
stage
.
R
436
7
Α
16
Α
are
s
h
own
on
t
h
e
connecto
r
s
p
ortion of
Diagram
1
.
pi
Also
s
h
own
are
t
h
e
power
su
pp
ly
d
ecoupling
com
p
onents
.
p
rovides
low
fre
q
uency
t
h
ermal
compensatio
n
.
DC
b
alance
between
t
he 5
m
V
and
10
m
V
positions
is
ad
j
uste
d by
R
453
.
CR
507
an
d R
507
maintains
α
constant
input
voltage
Readout
Encoding
w
h
ile
switc
h
i
n
g
b
etwee
n
t
he 5
m
V
an
d
10
mV
p
ositio
n
s
.
Gain
Am
p
lifier
Integrate
d
circuit
U
550
is
t
he
same
type
as
U
350
.
Both
d
iffere
n
tial
outputs
of
U
550
are
p
a
r
allele
d
to
p
rovide
d
rive
to
t
he
next
stage
.
In
t
he
CA
L
IN
positio
n
R
516
sets
t
he
gain
for
t
h
e
entire
a
mp
lifier
by
a
dj
usti
n
g
t
h
e c
u
rrent
at
t
he
control bases
of
U
550
.
In
t
h
e
υη
-cal
position
t
he
VA
R
IA
BLE
control,
R
515,
increases
t
he
gain
of
t
h
e
entire
am
p
lifier
up
to
2
.5
times
.
R
531-
R
537
compensate
for
tem
p
erature
va
r
iations
.
C531
an
d
R
531
are
h
ig
h
f
r
e
q
uency
ad
j
ustments
.
DC
b
alance over
t
h
e
VA
R
IA
BLE
range
is
a
dju
ste
d b
y
R
553
.
'4'
P
,
1
1
3-2
Signal
Sp
litter
Am
p
lifie
r
I
n
tegrate
d
circuit
U
750
is
t
he
same
ty
p
e
as
U
350
.
T
he
two
differential
outp
uts
of
U
750
are
connecte
d
to
se
p
erate
common
base
tra
n
sistor
am
p
lifiers
to
p
rovi
d
e
seperate
d
is
p
lay
and
trigger signals
.
Both out
p
uts
of
U
750
are
biase
d
e
q
ually
to
p
r
oduce
e
q
ual
sig
n
al
outp
uts
.
R
770,
C770,
and
L
770
are
h
ig
h
fre
q
uency
com
p
ensation
a
d
j
ust
m
e
n
ts
for
t
he
dis
p
lay
signal
.
L
770
is
selecte
d
at
t
h
e
factory
and
nee
d
not
b
e c
h
ange
d
u
nless
U
750,
Q860,
o
r
0880
is
re
p
laced
.
T
he
R
ea
dout
Enco
d
ing
circuit
consists
of
switc
h
ing
resistors
an
d
p
ro
b
e
se
n
si
ng
stage
Q620
.
T
h
is
circuit
encod
es
t h e
R
ow
and
Column
outp
ut
li
n
es
for
rea
dout
of
d
eflectio
n
factor,
uncalibrate
d
deflection
factor
(V
A
R IA
BLE)
i
n
for-
mation,
an
d
signal
inversion
.
Data
is
enco
d
ed on
t
h
ese
outp
ut
lines
by
switc
h
ing
resistors
between
t h e
m
a
nd
t
he
time-slot
in
p
ut
lines
or
by
current
a
dd
ed
t
h
ro
u
g
h
Q620
.
R
647-C647
are
switc
he
d
between
time-slot
t
h
ree
(TS-3)
and
t
h
e
Col
u
mn
outpu
t
line
w
h
e
n
t
he
CA
L
switc
h
is
i
n
t
h
e
υη
-cal
position
.
T
h
is
res
u
lts
in
t
h
e
sym
b
ol
>
(greate
r t
h
a
n)
b
ei
n
g
dis
p
laye
d
prece
d
ing
t
h
e
d
eflection
factor
reado
u
t
.
R
648
is
switc
h
ed
between
TS-2
an
d
t
h e
Column
outp
ut
line
Ci
r
c
u
it
Descri
p
tion-7
Α
16
Α
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
POLARITY
switc
h
is
in
th
e
I
NVER
T
p
osition
.
resistor
R
622
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
-15
volt
time-slot
p
ulse
is
a
p
p
lie
d
Th
is
res
u
lts
in
t
he
sym
b
ol
j
(inverted)
b
eing
dis
p
layed
to
Interface
Co
n
nector
Β
33,
Q620
is
interrogate
d
an
d
its
prece
d
ing
t
he
d
eflection factor
rea
d
o
u t
.
collector
current
is
ad
d
e
d
to
t
he
col
umn
current
ou
t
pu
t
t
h
ro
ug
h
Interface
Connector
Α
37
.
Switc
h
ing
resistors
are
u
se
d
to
in
d
icate
t
he
setting
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
to
t
he
mainframe
rea
dou
t
system
.
T
h
e
dots
on
t
h
e
con
tact-clos
u
re
c
h
art
(see
Diagram
Sectio
n
)
W
it
h
α
1
Χ
probe
(or
no
p
robe)
connecte
d
to
t
he
I
NPU
T
in
d
icate
w
h
en
t
h
e
associate
d
contacts
on
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
co
nn
ecto
r ,
0620
is
turne
d
off
.
T
h
e
d
eflection
facto
r
cam
switc
h
are
close
d
.
R
633,
R
634,
and
R
635
select
t
h
e
rea
d
out
is
determined
b
y the
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
p
osition
.
number
1,
2,
or
5
d
e
p
en
d
ing
on
t
he
com
b
i
n
ation
t
h
at
is
W
it
h α 10
Χ
p
robe
connecte
d
,
t
he
bias
on
Q620
allows
100
switc
hed
in
.
R
637
selects
t
h
e
m
(milli-)
prefix
an
dR
639
microamperes
of
collector
cu
rrent
to
flow
.
T
h
is
increases
selects
t
h
e
symbol
V
(volts) in
t h e
5
mV
t
h
roug
h
.5
V
t
he
d eflectio
n
factor
readout
by α
factor of
10
.
(500
m
V
)
positions
of
t h e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
R
638
selects
t
he
sym
b
ol
V
in
t
h e
1,
2,
an
d 5
V
positions
.
R
630,
R
631,
and
t
h
e
o
u
t
pu
t
of
t
h
e
p
ro
b
e
sensing
stage
(Q620)
T
h
e
ID
EN
TI
F
Y
b
utton
(S45 on
Diagra
m
1)
d
oes
two
select
t
h
e
d
ecimal
p
oint
(n
umb
er
of
zeroes),
agai
n d
e-
t
h
ings
w
hen p
resse
d
:
p
en
d
ing
on
t
h
e
resistor
combination
switc
h
e
d
in
by
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
1 .
It
causes
t
he
trace
re
p
resenting
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
to
move
(see
t
he
discussio
n on
t
he
P
osition
Circuit)
.
P
ro
b
e
sensi
n
g
stage
Q620
i
d
en
tifies
t
he
attenuatio
n
factor
of
t
he probe
con
n
ecte
d
to
t
he
I
NPU
T
co
nn
ector
b
y
2
.
Forwar
d b
iases
CR
621 and
Q620
to
result
in
α
sensing
t
he
amount
of
cu
rrent
flowing
t
h
roug
h
t
h
e
p
robe
sufficie
n
t
amount
of
collector
current
w
h
ic
h
r
ep
laces
t
he
cod
i
n
g
resisto
r
locate
d
in
t
h
e
p
robe
connector
.
T
h
e
output
d
eflection
factor
rea
dout with
t
h e
wor
d
"ID
EN
TI
F
Y"
.
of
t
h
is
circuit
corrects
t
he
mainframe
rea
d
out
system
to
i
n
cl
ude
t
he
p
ro
b
e
atte
n
uation
facto
r
.
T
h
e
t
h
ir
d
contact
of
t
he
I
NPU
T
connector
p
rovi
d
es
t
h
e
i
np
ut to
t
h
e
p
robe
T
h
ese
two
actions
ai
d
in
i
d
entifyi
n
g t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
trace
sensing
d
evice
from
t
h
e
p
ro
b
e
cod
ing resistance
(co
d
e
d
w
h
en
multi
p
le
traces
are
d
is
p
laye
d
.
Wh
en
t
h
e ID
EN
TI
F
Y
probes
only
;
see
O
p
erating
Instructions)
.
T
he
t
h
ir
d
contact
b
utton
is
release
d
,
t
he
d eflectio
n
factor
rea
d
out
is
restore
d
.
i
s
also
use
d
for
t
h
e
ID
EN
TI
F
Y
input
.
T
h
e
co
d
ing
resistor
forms
α
voltage
divi
d
er
wit
h
R
621
t
hrough
CR
621
to
t
h
e
-15
V
s
upp
ly
.
T
he
resultant voltage
sets
t
h
e
b
ias
on
Q620
For
f
u
rt
h
er
infor
m
ation
on
t
h
e
op
eration
of
t
he
reado
u
t
an
d d
etermines
t
he
collector
c
u
rrent,
alo
ng
wit
h
emitter
system,
see
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
instr
u
ction
man
u
al
.
M
AI
N
T
EN
A
N
C
E
Introduction
L
ubrication
T
h
is
sectio
n
of
t
he
manualco
n
tai
n
s
mai
n
te
n
ance
i
n
for-
U
se
α
cleaning-type
lubricant
on
s
h
aft
bu
s
h
ings,
inter-
mation
for use
in
preventive
mai
n
te
nan
ce,
corrective
connecting
plug
contacts,
a
nd switc
h
contacts
.
Lub
ricate
mainte
n
a n
ce,
an
d troubles
h
ooting
of
t h e
7
Α
16
Α
.
switch d
etents
with α h
eavier
grease
.
Α
lu
b
rication
k
it
containi
n
g t h e
n
ecessary
l
ub
ricating
mate
r
ials
and
i
n
structions
is
availa
b
le t
h
ro
ugh
any
T
EK
TR
O
N
IX
F
iel
d
F
urt
h
er
m
ainte
n
a
nce
i
n
formatio
n
relati
ng to
ge
n
eral
Office
.
Or
d
er
TEKTRONIX
P
art
N
umber
003-0342-00
.
mainte
n
a
nce
can
b
e
foun
d
in
t h e
i
n
st r
uction
manuals
for
t
he 7000-series
oscillosco
p
es
.
PREVEN
TI
VE
M
AI
NTEN
A
N
C
E
General
T
R
O
UBL
ES
H
OOTI
NG
Section
4-7A16A
T
he following
is
provided
to
augme
n
t
i
n
formation
General
containe
d
in
other
sections
of
t
h
is
man
u
al
w
h
en
tro
ub
le-
s
h
ooti
ng
t h e
7
Α
16
Α
.
T
h
e
sc
h
ematic
d
iagrams,
circuit
P
reventive
maintena
n
ce,
co
n
sisti
ng
of
cleaning,
visual
d
escri
p
tion,
and
calibration
sections
s
houl
d be use
d
to
full
inspection,
etc
.,
p
erforme
d
on
α
regular
basis,
will
im
p
rove
ad
vantage
.
T
he
circ
u
it
d
escription
section
gives
d
etaile
d
t
h e
r
eliability
of
t
h
is
i
n
str
u
ment
.
P
erio
d
ic
ch
ec
k
s
of
t
he
information
on
circuit
beh
avior
a
nd
out
put requ
ireme
n
ts
.
semico
n
ductor
d
evices
use
d
i
n
t
h
e
un
it
are
n
ot
recom-
mended
as
α
preve
n
tive
mai
n
te
n
ance
measure
.
See
semicon
d
uctor-check
ing
information
given under
Tro
ub
le-
Trou
b
les
h
ooting
Aids
s
h
ooti
ng
.
Cleaning
Diagrams
.
Circuit
d
iagrams
are
give
n
on
fol
d
ou
t
p
ages
in
Section
7
.
T
he
circuit
number
an
d
electrical
val
u
e
of
eac
h
component
in t
h
is
inst
r
ume
n
t
are
s
h
ow
n
on
t
he
diagrams
.
Im
p
orta
n t
voltages
a r
e
also
s h
ow
n
.
Circuit
B
oar
d
s
.
T
h
e
ci r
cuit
b
oard
s
use
d
in
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
are
Avoid
t
h
e use
of
chemical
cleaning
age
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
outline
d
on
t
h
e
sc
h
ematic
diagrams,
a
nd ph otograph
s
of
t
he
might
d
amage
t
h
e
plastics
use
d
in
t
h
is
instrument
.
b
oar
d
s
are
s
h
ow
n
on
t
he
bac
k
s
of
t
h
e
sc
h
ematic
d
iagrams
.
Special care
s
h
ould
b
e
ta
ken
wh
en
cleaning
t
he
E
ac
h
b
oard
-mou
n
te
d
electrical
component
is
i
d
entifie
d
on
P
oly
ph
enyle
n
e
Oxide
attenuato
r
boa
r
d
.
Do
not
apply
t
h
e
ph
otograph
by
its
circuit
number
.
any
solve
n
t
containing
k
etones,
esters
or
h
alogenated
h
yd
r
oca
r
bons
.
To
clean,
u
se
only
water
sol
ub
le
d
eter
gents,
eth
yl,
meth
yl
or
isopropyl
alco
hol
.
Com
p
onent
and
W
iring
Color
Co
d
e
.
Colored
stripes
or
d
ots
on
resistors
an
d
ca
p
acitors signify
electrical
values,
tolerances,
etc
.,
accor
d
ing
to
t
h
e
ΕΙΑ
sta
n
d
ar
d
color
code
.
F
ront P
anel
.
L
oose
d
ust
may
b
e
remove
d
wit
h α
soft
Com
p
onents not
color
coded
usually
h
ave
t
he value
p
rinte
d
clot
h
or
α
d
ry
br
us
h
.
W
ate
r
a
nd
mil
d detergent
may
be
on
t
he
body
.
use
d
;
h
oweve
r ,
a
b
rasive
clea
n
e r
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
not
be
u
sed
.
T
h
e
insulate
d wires u
se
d
for
interco
nn
ectio
n
i
n
t
h
e
Inte
r
ior
.
Cleaning
t
h
e
interior
of
t
he
unit
s h
oul
d
prece
de
7
Α
16
Α
are
color
coded to
facilitate
tracing
wires
from
one
calibration,
since
t
h e
cleaning
p
r
ocess could
alte
r t
he
p
oi
n
t
to
a n
oth
er
i
n
t
h
e
unit
.
settings
of
t
h
e
cali
b
ration
a
dj
ustments
.
U
se
low-velocity
compresse
d
air
to
b
low
off
t
h
e
accu
m
u
lated
d
u
st
.
H
ardene
d
dirt
can
be
remove
d
wit
h
α
soft,
d
ry
br
u
s
h
,
cotton-tippe
d
Semicon
d
uctor
L
ead
Configuration
.
T
h
e
lea
d
config
u
-
swab,
or
clot
h
d
am
p
ene
d wit
h
α
mil
d detergent
a
nd
water
ratio
n
s
of
t
he
semicon
d
uctor
d
evices
used
in t
h
is
instru-
solutio
n
.
ment
are
s
h
own
on
t
h e
sc
h
ematic
d
iagrams
.
M
aintenance-7
Α
16
Α
Troubleshooting
Equipment
4
.
C
h
ec
k
I
n
str
u
ment
Perfor
m
an
ce
.
C
h
ec
k
t
he
cali
br
a-
tion
of
t
he
unit
or
t
he
affecte
d
circ
u
it,
by
p
erformi
n
g
T
he
following
eq
ui
p
ment
is
useful
for
troubles
h
ooting
P
erformance
C
h
ec
k
of
Section
5
.
T
h
e
app
arent
tro
u
ble
may
t
h
e 7
Α
16
Α
.
only
be
α
res
u
lt
of
mis-a
dj
ustment,
and
may
b
e
correcte
d
b
y
calibration
.
Co
mp
lete
cali
b
ratio
n
instr
u
ctions
are
give
n
in
Section
5
.
1
.
Semiconductor
Tester-Some
means
of
testing
t
h
e
tra
n
sistors,
d
io
d
es,
and
FE
T's
use
d
in
t
h
is
i
n
st
r
ume
n t
is
hel
p
ful
.
Α
t
r
ansistor-curve
trace
r
suc
h
as
t
h
e
T
EK
T
R
ON
IX
5
.
C
h
ec
k
V
oltages
.
Often
t
h
e
d
efective
compone
n
t
or
Ty
p
e
576
will
give
t
he
most
com
p
lete
informatio
n
.
stage
can
b
e
locate
d
by
c
h
ec
k
ing for
t
he
co
rr
ect
voltage
in
t
h
e
circuit
.
Typical
voltages
are
give
n on
t
h
e
d
iag
r
ams
;
howeve
r
,
t h
ese are
not ab
sol
u
te
a
nd
m
ay
vary
slig
h
tly
2
.
DC
Voltmeter
and
O
hm
meter-
Α
voltmeter
is
re-
b
etwee
n
instruments
.
To
o
b
tain
op
erating
con
d
itions
qu
ire
d
for
chec
k
ing
voltages
wit
h
in
t
he
circ
u
its,
an
d
an
similar
to
t
h
ose use
d
to
ta
ke
t
h
ese rea
d
ings,
see
t
h
e
o
h
mmeter
for
ch
ec
k
ing
resistors
an
d d
io
d
es
.
instructions
in
t
h
e
Diagram
section
.
3
.
Test
Oscillosco
p
e-
Α
test
oscillosco
p
e
is
re
q
u
ired
to
6
.
C
h
ec
k
In
d
ivi
d
ual
Components
.
T
h
e
following
view
waveforms
at
different
points
in
t
h e
ci
r
cuit
.
Α
met
h
od
s
are
provi
de
d
for
c
h
ec
k
ing
t
h
e
in
d
ivi
d
u
al
com-
T
EK
T
R
ON
IX
7000-series
Oscilloscope
e
q
uippe
d with α
p
on
e
n
ts
.
Com
p
o
ne
n
ts
w
h
ic
h
are sol
d
ere
d
in
place
are
b
est
readout system,
7D13
Digital
Multimeter
unit,
713-series
ch
ec
ked by
disconnecting
one
en
d
to
isolate
t
he
meas
u
re
Time-
B
ase
unit,
and α
7A-series
Amplifie
r
unit
with
α
10
Χ
ment
from
t
h
e
effects
of su
rr
oun
d
ing
circuit
r
y
.
pro
b
e
will
meet
t
he
n
ee
d
s
of
b
ot
h
items
2
an
d 3
.
NOTE
4
.
P
l
u
g-in
Exte
nd
er-
Α
fixt
u
re
t
h
at
p
ermits
o
p
eration
of
t
he
unit
o
u
tside
of
t
he
p
l
u
g-in
com
p
artment
for
b
etter
To
locate
intermittent
or
tempe
r
at
ure
sensitive
com-
accessibility
du
ring
tro
ub
les
h
ooting
.
Order
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
ponents
mo
u
nted
on
t
h
e atten
u
ato
r
b
oa
rd,
Q
u
ί
k
P
art
Number
067-0589-00
.
F
reeze
(Miller
Step
h
enson,
M
S-240,
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
P
art
Num
b
er
006-0173-01)
is
r
ecommen
ded
.
Dry
ice
or
d
ί
c
h
lord
ί
-fluo
r
remet
h
ane
(
Fr
eon
12,
Dup
ont
o
r
Can-
Ο
-Gas)
may
also
b
e
use
d
.
Ot
her types
of
circuit
Troubleshooting
Procedure
coolant
may
d
amage
t
he
poly
ph
enylene
oxi
d
eboa
r
ds
.
Th
is
tro
ub
les
h
ooti
ng
proce
d
ure
is
arra
n
ge
d
in
an or
de
r
w
h
ic
h ch
ec
k
s t
he
sim
p
le
trou
b
le
p
ossi
b
ilities
b
efore
p
ro-
Α
.
TR
A
N
SISTO
R
S
.
T
h
e
best
c
h
ec
k
of
tra
n
sistor
ope
r
a-
cee
d
ing
with
extensive
tro
ub
les
h
ooting
.
tio
n
is
act
u
al
p
erformance
und
er
op
e
r
ati
ng cond
itio
n
s
.
If
α
tra
n
sistor
is
s
u
specte
d
of
being
d
efective,
it
can
best be
c
h
ec
k
e
d by
substituting
α
compo
n
e
n
t
kn
ow
n
to
b
e
goo
d
;
1
.
C
h
ec
k
Co
n
t r
ol
Setti
n
gs
.
An
i
n
correct
setti
ng
of
t
h
e
however,
be
s
ur
e
t
h
at
circuit
cond
itions
are
not
s
u
c
h
t
h
at
α
7
Α
16
Α
controls
can
in
d
icate
α
trouble
t
h
at
does not
exist
.
re
p
lacement
migh
t
also
b
e d
amage
d
.
If
s
ub
stitute
transisto
rs
If
t h e r
e
is
any
q
uestion
about
t
h
e
correct
function
or
are
not
availa
b
le,
use
α
dynamic
tester
(suc
h
as
o
p
eratio
n
of
α
con
trol or
fr
on
t-pa
n
el
con
n
ecto
r
,
see
t
h
e
T
EK
T
R
ONIX
Type
576)
.
Static-ty
p
e
testers
may
b
e
u
se
d
,
O
p
erating
I
n
str
u
ctions
sectio
n
.
b
u
t
si
n
ce
t
hey do not ch
ec
k
operation
und
e
r
si
m
ulate
d
op
erati
n
g
con
d
itions,
some
d
efects
may
go
u
nnoticed
.
Be
sure
t
he
powe
r
is
off
b
efo
r
e
attem
p
ting
to
remove
or re
p
lace
2
.
C
h
ec
k
Associated
Eq
ui
p
ment
.
Before
procee
d
ing
any
transistor
.
wit
h
trou
b
les
h
ooti
ng
of
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
ch
ec
k
t
h
at
t
he
e
q
ui
p
me
n
t
use
d
wit
h
t
h
is
i
n
st
r
ume
n
t
is
ope
r
ati
ng
co
r
rectly
.
If
p
ossible,
s
u
bstit
u
te
an
am
p
lifie
r
u
n
it
kn
ow
n
to
be
Β
.
DIOD
E
S
.
Α
d
iode
can be
c
h
ec
k
e
d
for
an
open
o
r
op
erating
correctly
i
n
to
t
h
e
indicator
un
it
an
d
see
if
t
he
s
h
o
r
te
d
cond
itio
n
b
y
meas
u
ri
ng
t
he
resistance
between
problem p
ersists
.
C
h
ec
k
t
h
at
t
he
i
nput
sig
n
als
a
r e
p
r
o
p
erly
terminals
.
Wit
h
an
o
h
m
m
eter
scale
h
aving
an
internal
sou
r
ce
conn
ecte
d
a
nd
t
h
at
t
he
interco
nn
ecti
ng
ca
b
les
are
not
of
b
etween
800
millivolts
and 3
volts,
t
h
e
resistance
s
h
oul
d
d
efective
.
be ve
r
y
h
ig
h
in
o
ne
direction
and
very
low
w
hen
t
h
e
lea
d
s
a r
e
reversed
.
3
.
V
is
u
al
Ch
ec
k
.
Vis
u
ally
ch
ec
k
t
he
p
ortion
of
t
h
e
instrument
in
w
h
ic
h
t
he
trouble
is
sus
p
ecte
d
.
Many
trou
b
les
ca
n b
e
locate
d
b
y
visual
indications,
suc
h
as
unsol
d
ere
d
conn
ectio
n
s,
b
ro
ken
wi
r
es,
d
amaged
circ
u
it
b
oar
d
s,
Do
not
use
αη
oh
mmete
r
scale
t
h
at
h
as α high
internal
da
m
age
d
com
p
onents,
etc
.
c
urr
ent
.
High
c
u
rrents
may
damage
t
h
e
diodes
.
4
2
C
.
RE
SISTO
RS
.
C
heck
resistors
wit
h
an o
h
m
m
eter
.
R
esistor
tolerance
is
given
in
t
h
e
E
lectrical
P
arts
L
ist
.
R
esistors
n
ormally
d
o
not
nee
d
to
be
re
p
lace
d
u
nless
t
h
e
meas
ur
e
d
value
varies
wi
d
ely
from
t h e
specifie
d
value
.
4
.
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
P
art
N
umber
.
7
.
R
e
p
air
an
d
R
ead
j
ust
t
he
Circuit
.
Special
tec
h
ni
q
ues
re
q
uire
d to
re
p
lace
com
p
onents
in t
h
is
unit
are
given
un
d
er
Com
p
one
n
t
R
eplacement
.
B
e
sure
to check
t
h
e
pe
r
form-
Soldering
Techniques
ance
of
any
circuit
t
h
at
h
as
b
een
r
epaire
d
o
r t
h
at
h
as
h
a
d
any
electrical
com
p
o
n
ents
re
p
lace
d
.
R
ecali
br
atio
n of
t
he
W
A
RN
I
N
G
affecte
d
circ
u
it
may
b
e
necessary
.
General
CO
RRE
CTI
V
E
M
AI
NT
EN
AN
C
E
Corrective
maintenance
consists
of
com
p
onent
replace-
me
n
t
and
i
n
st
r
ument
repair
.
Special
tech
ni
ques
re
quired to
replace
com
ponen
ts
i
n
t
h
is
i
n
strume
n
t
are
given
h
ere
.
Obtaining
R
e
p
lacement
P
arts
Stan
d
ar
d
P
arts
.
All
electrical
and
m
ech
anical
part
re-
p
lacements
for
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
can
be
obtaine
d
t
h
roug
h
yo
u
r
local
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
F
iel
d Office or
representative
.
H
oweve
r
,
many
of
t
he
electro
n ic
components
can
be
ob
tai
n
e
d
locally
in
less
time
t
h
an
is
re
qu
ire
d
to
or
d
er
t
h
em
from
Te
k
tro
n
ix,
Inc
.
B
efore pu
rc
h
asing
or ord
ering
replacement
p
arts,
ch
ec
k
t
h
e
parts
list
for
value,
tolerance,
rating
and
descri
p
tion
.
ΝΟΤΕ
Wh
en
selecting
r
eplacement
parts,
it
is
important
to
remem
b
er
t
hat
t
he
physical
size
a
nd
s
h
a
p
e
of
α
component
may
affect
t
h
e
perfo
r
mance
of
t
he
inst
r
ument,
particularly
at high
frequencies
.
All
re-
p
laceme
n
t
p
ar
ts
s
h
ouldbe
d
irect
r
e
p
lacements
unless
it is
k
nown
t
h
at α different
com
p
onent
will
not
adversely
affect
instrument
p
e
r
for
mance,
M
aintenance-7
Α
16
Α
Or
d
er
all s
p
ecial
p
arts
d
irectly
from your
local
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
F
iel
d
Office o
r
re
p
resentative
.
Ordering
P
arts
.
Wh
en
ord
ering
re
p
lacement
parts
from
Te
k
tronix,
Inc
.,
inclu
d
e t
he
following
information
:
D
.
CA
P
ACITO
RS
.
Α
lea
ky
or
s
horted capacitor
can
b
e
d
etecte
d
b
y
check
ing
r
esista
nce with an
o
h
mmeter
on
t
h
e
1
.
Instrument
Ty
pe
.
h
ig
h
est
scale
.
U
se
an oh
mmeter
w
h
ic
h
will
n
ot
excee
d
t
h
e
voltage
rating
of
t
h
e
cap
acitor
.
T
h
e
resista
nce
rea
d
i
n
g
2
. I
n
strume
n
t
Serial
N
umber
.
s
h
ould
be
h
ig
h
after
initial
ch
arge
of
t
he cap
acitor
.
An
open
capacitor
can
best
be
d
etecte
d
wit
h α cap
acitance
meter,
or
3
.
Α
description of
t
h
e
p
art
(if
electrical,
incl
u
de
circuit
by check
i
n
g
w
h
et
h
er
t
h
e
ca
p
acito
r
passes
AC
signals
.
n
umber)
.
Disconnect
t
h
e
instrument
from
t
h
e
power
sou
r
ce
b
efore
sol
d
er
ing
.
Atte
nuator Circuit
B
oar
d
.
T
h
e
Attenuator
Circuit
B
oar
d
is
ma
d
e
from
p
olyp
henylene
oxi
d
e
because
of
its
excellent
electrical
c h
aracteristics
.
U
se
mo
r e t
han
n
ormal
care
w
h
en
cleaning or
solderi
n
g t
h
is
m
aterial
.
T
h
e
followi
n
g
rules
s
h
oul
d be observed
w
hen
re
m
oving
or
replaci
ng p
arts
:
1
.
U
se
α
low-wattage
sol
d
ering
iron
(not
over
15
watts)
.
2
.
Do
not app
ly
more
h
eat,
or
apply
h
eat for
α
lo
n
ger
time,
t
h
an
is
a
b
solutely
necessary
.
3
.
U
se
some
form
of
vac
uu
m
sol
d
er re
m
ove
r
w
h
e
n
removing
m
u
lti-lead
devices
.
4
.
Do
not
apply
any
solve
n
t
co
n
tai
n
ing
k
eto
n
es,
esters
or
h
alogenate
d h yd
rocarb
ons
.
5
.
To
clean,
use
only
water-sol
ub
le
detergents,
eth
yl,
met
h
yl
or isoprop
yl
alcoh
ol
.
Ci
r
cuit
B
oar
d
s
(exce
p
t
Attenuator
b
oa
r
d)
.
T
he co
m
-
Sp
ecial
P
arts
.
In
add
itio
n
to
t
he
stan
d
ar
d
elect
r
o
n
ic
p
onents
mo
unted
on
t
h
e
circuit
boar
d
s in t
he
am
p
lifier
can
com
p
onents,
some
s
p
ecial
p
arts
are
used
i
n
t
he 7
Α
16
Α
.
be
re
p
lace
d
using
normal
circuit
boa
rd
sol
d
e r
i
ng
tec
h
ni
q
ues
.
T
h
ese
parts
are
man
u
facture
d or
selecte
dby
Te
k
tro
n
ix,
Inc
.
K
eep
t
h
e
following
points
in
m
i
n
d
w
h
e
n
soldering
on
the
in
accor
d
ance
with our
s
p
ecifications
.
T
h
ese
special
p
arts
circuit
boar
d
s
:
are
in
d
icate
d
in
t
he p
arts
list
by
an
asteris
k p
rece
d
ing
t
he
p
art
n
um
b
e r
.
M
ost
of
t
he
mec
h
anical
parts
used
in
t
h
is
1
.
U
se
α pencil-type
sol
d
eri
ng
iro
n
wit
h α (wattage)
instrument
h
ave b
een
manufacture
d
by
Te
k
tronix,
Inc
.
rati
n
g
from
15
to
50
watts
.
4
3
M
ai
n
tenance-
7
Α
16
Α
2
.
Apply
heat
from
t
he
sol
d
eri
ng
iron
to
t
h
e
junction
R
eplacemen
t
semicond
uctors
s
h
oul
d
be
of
t
he
original
between
t
he
component
an
d
t
h
e
circuit b
oa
r
d
.
type
or
α
direct
re
p
laceme
n
t
.
T
h
e
sc
h
ematic
diagram
s
h
ows
t
h
e
lea
d co
n
figurations
of
t
he semicond
uctors
use
d
in
t
h
is
instr
u
ment
.
If
t
h
e
replaceme
n
t
semico
n
ducto
r
is
not
of
t
h
e
3
.
Heat-s
h
u
n
t
t
he
lea
d
to
t
he
com
ponent by
means
of
α
original
ty
p
e,
c
h
ec
k
t
h e
man
u
fact
u
rer's
b
asi
n
g
d
iagram
for
p
air
of
long-nose
pliers
.
p
ro
p
er
b
asi
n
g
.
4
.
Avoid
excessive
heating
of
t
h
e
ju
nction
wit
h
t
h
e
Circuit
B
oar
d
R
emoval
circuit b
oard,
as
t
h
is
coul
d
se
p
arate
t
h
e
circuit
boar
d
wiring
In
general,
t
h
e
circ
u
it
boards
used
in
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
n
ee
d
from
t
he b
ase
material
.
never
b
e
remove
d
unless
t
h
ey
must
be
re
p
lace
d
.
E
lectrical
connections
to
t
he b
oar
d
s
are
ma
d
e
by
sol
d
ere
d
con
5
.
U
se
electronic
gra
d
e
60-40
tin lea
d
sol
d
er
.
nections
.
If
it
is
necessary
to
re
p
lace
α
circuit b
oar
d
assembly,
use
t
h
e
following
p
roce
d
ures
.
6
.
Cli
p
off
any
excess
lea
d
lengt
h
exten
d
ing
beyon
d
t
he
circuit
boar
d
.
Clea
n
off
any
r
esi
d
ual
flux
with
α
flux-
removing
solvent
.
M
etal
Terminals
.
Wh
en
sol
d
ering
metal
terminals
(po-
tentiometers,
etc
.)
use
60-40
ti
n
-lea
d
sol
d
er
an
d α 15
to
50
watt
sol
d
ering
iron
.
O
b
serve
t
h
e
followi
ng
precautions
w
h
e
n
sol
d
ering
metal terminals
:
1
.
Apply
only
enoug
h h
eat
to
ma
k
e
t
he
sol
d
er
flow
freely
.
2
.
Apply
only
enough
sol
d
er
to
form α
soli
d
con-
nection
.
E
xcess
solder
may
im
p
air
t
h
e
function
of
t
he
p
art
.
3
.
If
α
wire
exten
d
s
beyon
d
t
he
sol
d
er
j
oint,
cli
p
off
t
h
e
excess
.
4
.
Clean
t
he
fl
ux
from
t
h
e
sol
d
er
j
oint
with
α
flux-
removing
solvent
.
Com
p
onent
R
ep
lacement
WARNING
Α
.
RE
ADOUT
CI
R
C
U
IT
BOA
R
D
REM
OVA
L
1 .
Disco
n
nect
t
he
wires
connecte
d
to
t
h
e
outside
of
t
h
e
b
oard
.
2
.
R
emove
t
he
seven
screws
h
ol
d
ing
t
h
e
boar
d to
t
h
e
mo
u
nting
s
u
rface
.
3
.
Disconnect
t
h
e
wires
connected
to
t
he
i
n
si
d
e
of
the
boar
d
.
4
.
R
emove
t
he
boar
d
from
t
h
e
unit
.
5
.
To
re
p
lace
t
he
b
oar
d
,
reverse
t
he
or
d
er
of
removal
.
Β
.
ATT
E
N
U
ATO
R
CI
R
CU
IT
B
OA
R
D
REM
OVA
L
1
.
R
emove
t
he
reado
u
t
b
oar
d
as
outline
d
in
t
he
p
revious
proce
d
ure
.
2
.
Disconnect
t h e
in
d
uctor,
ca
p
acitor,
an
d
two
groun
d
stra
p
s
connecte
d
to
t
h
e
rear
of
t
he
b
oar
d
.
3
. .
Loosen
t
h
e
front
set
screw
on
t
he
VA
R
IA
BLE
control
s
h
aft
cou
p
ling
(use
α
0
.050-inc
h h
ex-
k
ey
wrenc
h
) .
Disconnect
the
equipment
from
the
power
source
before
replacing
components
.
4
.
R
emove
t
h
e
re
d
VA
R
IA
BLE
con
trol
k
nob and
glass
rod
from
t
h
e
con
trol
s h
aft
.
Semicon
d
u
ctor
R
e
p
laceme
n
t
.
Transistors
s
h
oul
d
not be
re
p
lace
d
unless
actually
defective
.
If
removed
from
t
h
eir
5
.
R
emove
t
he
remaining
front-
p
anel
k
nobs
usi
n
g
α
soc
k
ets
d
uring routine
maintenance,
ret
u
rn
t
h
em
to
t
h
eir
1/16-inch
h
ex-
key
wrenc
h
.
original
soc
k
ets
.
Unn
ecessary
re
p
lacement
of
transistors
may
effect
t
h
e
cali
br
ation
of
t
h
is
instrument
.
Wh
en
transistors
are
re
p
laced,
ch
ec
k
t
he
pe
r
fo
r
mance
of
t
h
e
p
art
6
.
R
emove
t
h
e
fro
n
t
p
anel
from
t
he
instrument
by
of
t
h
e
instrument
w
h
ic
h
may
b
e
affecte
d
.
p
ryi
ng
at
center
bottom
wit
h
screwdriver
.
8
.
Disconnect
t
he wires
and
resistor
from
t
he
I
NPU
T
BN
C
con
nector
.
10
.
R
emove
t
he
attenuator
boar
d
wit
h
cam
switc
h
from
t
he
instrument
.
C
.
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
CI
R
C
U
IT
B
OA
R
D
REM
O
VA
L
1
.
R
emove
t
he p
lastic
plug-in
gui
d
e
from
t
he
rear
of
t h e
instrument
.
2
.
Disconnect
t
he
wires
connected
to
t
h
e
boar
d
from
t h
e
front-
p
anel
controls
.
3
.
L
oose
n
t
h
e
h
ex-socket
screw
in t
h
e
cou
p
ling
of
t
h
e
V
A
R
IA
BLE
control
s
h
aft
using
α
0.050-inc
h h
ex-
key
wrenc
h
.
Pull
t
h
e
VA
R
IA
BLE
k
nob
an
d
glass
s
h
aft
from
t
h
e
front
of
t
he
instrume
n
t
.
4
.
Disconnect
t
he
in
d
uctor,
capacitor,
and
two
groun
d
stra
p
s
from
t
h
e
front
of
t
he board
.
5
.
R
e
m
ove
t
he
screws
and
n
uts
securing
t
he
boar
d
to
t
h
e c
h
assis
or ot
h
er
mounting
surface
.
Switch
R
e
p
lacement
R
ecalibration
After
R
e
p
air
Several
ty
pes of switc
h
es
are
used
in
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
.
T
h
e
After
any
electrical
compo
nen
t
h
as
b
ee
n
r
ep
lace
d
,
t h e
sli
de
and
micro
switch
es
s
h
oul
d
be
re
p
lace
d
as
α
unit
if
cali
b
ration
of
t
h
at
p
articular
ci
r
cuit
s
h
oul
d
be
c
heck
e
d
,
as
d
amage
d
.
T
h
e
following
special
mainte
n
a n
ce
i
n
formation
is
well
as
t
he
cali
b
ratio
n
of
oth
er
closely
relate
d
circuits
.
p
rovi
ded for
t
he
cam-type
switch
es
.
R
efer
to
Section
5
for
t
h
ese
p
roce
d
ures
.
7
.
R
emove
t
h
e
attenuator
s
h
iel
d
s
.
9
.
R
emove
t
h
e
I
NPU
T
BN
C
co
n
nector
.
11
.
R
ep
lace
by
reversing
t
he
R
emoval
Pr
oce
dures
.
6
.
R
emove
t
h
e
boar
d
from
th
e
instr
u
ment
.
7
.
To
replace,
reverse
t
h
e
ord
er
of
removal
.
Α
.
CAM-TYPE
S
W
ITC
HE
S
M
aintenance-
7
Α
16
Α
Repair
of cam-ty
p
e switches s
h
ould
be
unde
r
ta
k
en
only
by
experienced
maintenance
personnel
.
Switc
h
alignme
n
t
and
spring
tension
of
t
h
e
contacts
must
be
carefu
lly
maintained
fo
r
pro
p
er
operation
of
t
h
e
switc
h
.
F
o
r
assistance
in
main
tena
n
ce of cam-ty
p
e
switch
es,
contact
you
r
local
T
EKTRO
N
IX
Field
Office
or
representative
.
Α
cam-type
switc
h
consists
of α
rotating
cam,
w
h
ic
h
is
turned
by
t
h
e
front-
p
anel
k
nobs,
an
d
α
set
of
co
n
tacts
mou
n
te
d
on
an
a
dj
acent
circuit
b
oard
.
T
h
ese
switch
co
n
tacts
are
actuated
by
lo
b
es
on
t
he
cam
.
T
h
e
VO
LTS/
DI
V
and
AC-G
N
D-DC
(co
u
pling)
cam-ty
p
e switch
es
can
be
disassembled
for
i
n
s
p
ection,
clea
n
ing,
re
p
air,
or re
p
lace-
ment
as
follows
:
1 .
R
emove
t
h
e
R
ea
d
out
boar
d an
d
t
he
Attenuator
b
oard
/switc
h
assem
b
ly as
d
escri
bed p
reviously
.
T
h
e
front
switc
h
section
on
t
he
Atte
nu
ator board
is
t
h
e
AC-G
N
D-DC
switc
h
and
t
h e
rear
switc
h
sectio
n
is
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
.
T
he
switc
h
es
are
now
open for inspection
or
cleaning
.
2
.
To
com
p
letely
remove
th
e
switch
from
t
he board
,
remove
t
he
two
screws
and
fou
r
h
exagonal
posts
w
h
ic
h
h
ol
d
t
h
e
cam-ty
pe switch to
t
h
e
circuit
boar
d
.
3
.
To
remove
t
h
e
cam
from
the
front
s
u
pport
block
,
remove
t
he
retai
n
ing
ring
from
t
he
s
h
aft
on
t
he fro
n t
of the
switch
a
nd
sli
de
t
h
e
cam
out
of
t
h
e
su
pp
ort b
loc
k
.
B
e
caref
u
l
not
to
lose
t
h
e
small detent
roller
.
4
.
To
r
e
p
lace
d
efective
switc
h
co
n
tacts,
follow
t
he
instr
u
ctions
give
n
in
t h e
switch
re
p
air
k
it
.
5
.
To
re-install
t
he switch
assembly,
reverse
t
he
above
p
roce
d
ure
.
Intro
d
uction
TE
ST
E
QU
I
PM
E
N
T
RE
QU
I
RE
D
To
assure
i
nstrument
accuracy,
ch
ec
k
t
he
cali
b
ration
of
General
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
every
1000
h
ours of
op
eration
or
every
six
mont
h
s
if
use
d
infreq
u
ently
.
Before
complete
calibration,
T
he
following
test
e
q
uipment
an
d
accessories,
or
its
t h
oroug
h
ly
clean
an
d
inspect
t
h
is
instrument
as
outli
ne
d
in
e
q
uivalent,
is
re
q
uire
d
fo
r
complete
cali
br
ation
of
t
h
e
t h e
Main
te
n
a n
ce
section
.
7
Α
16
Α
.
S
p
ecificatio
n
s
give
n
for
t
he
test
e
q
u
i
p
ment
are
t
h
e
minimum
necessary
for
accurate
calibration
.
T
h
erefore,
t
h
e
s
p
ecifications
of
any
test
e
q
uipment
use
d
mustmeet
or
excee
d
t
h e
liste
d sp
ecifications
.
All
test
equi
p
ment
is
T
EK
TR
O
N
IX
F
ield
Service
assumed
to
b
e
correctly
cali
b
rated
and
operating
wit
h
in
t
h
e
liste
d
s
p
ecifications
.
Detaile
d
operating
inst
r
uctions
for
t
h
e
Tek
tronix,
Inc
.,
provi
d
es
com
p
lete
instrume
n
t
re
p
air
test
e
q
ui
p
ment
are
not
given
in
t
h
is
p
roce
du
r e
.
R
efer
to
t
h
e
and
recalibration
service
at
local
Fiel
d
Se
r
vice
Cen
ters
a
n
d
instructio
n
ma
n
ual
for
t
h
e
test
e
q
ui
p
ment
if
more
t
h
e
Factory
Service
Center
.
Contact
you
r
local
fiel
d
office
info
r
mation
is
need
e
d
.
or
re
p
resentative
for
furt
h
er
information
.
P
erformance
C
h
ec
k
S
p
ecial
Calibration
Fixtures
T
h
e
performance
of
t
h
is
i
n
st
r
ume
n
t
can
b
e
ch
ec
ked by
p
erforming
only
t
h
e
Ν/
C
HE
C
K
ste
p
s
.
P
erformi
n
g t
h
e
ste
p
s
mar
ked
wit
h α
V
in
d
icate
t
h
at
t
he
instrument
is
ch
ec
ke
d
against
t
he
tole
r
a
n
ces
liste
d
as
α
P
erforman
ce
R
eq
uireme
n
t
(see
Sp
ecification
sectio
n
i
n
O
p
erators
manual)
.
L
imits
and
tolerances
given
in
ot
h
er
c
h
ec
k
ste
p
s
are
cali
b
ratio
n
gui
d
es
and sh
oul
d
not
b
e
i
n
ter
p
rete
d
as
instru-
m
ent
s
p
ecificatio
n s
.
O
p
erator
fro
n
t-
p
anel
a
dju
stments
are
ad
j
uste
d
as
p
art
of
t
h
e
Performance
C
h
ec
k
p
roce
d
u
re
.
CALIBRATION
Sectio
n
5-7
Α
16
Α
Sp
ecial
TEKTRONIX
calibration
fixtures
are
use
d
i
n
t
h
is
p
roce
du
re
only
w
h
ere
they
facilitate
instrument
cali
b
ratio
n
.
T
h
ese
s
p
ecial
calibration
fixtu
r
es
are
availa
b
le
fro
m
Tek
t
r
onix,
Inc
.
Ord
er
by
part
n
um
b
er
t
h
roug
h your
local
T
EK
TR
O
N
IX
Fiel
d
Office or
re
p
r
ese
n
tative
.
Calibration
Eq
ui
p
ment
Alternatives
All
of
t
h
e
liste
d
test
e
qu
i
p
ment
is
re
q
u
ired to
com
p
letely
ch
ec
k and a
dj
ust
t
h
is
instrument
.
T
he
Cali
b
ration
p
rocedu
r
e
is
b
ase
d
on
t
h
e
first
item
of
eq
ui
p
me
n
t
give
n
as
Cali
b
ration
an
exam
p
le
of
a
pp
lica
b
le
eq
ui
p
me
n
t
.
Wh
en ot
h
er
equ
i
p
ment
is
substit
u
te
d
,
control
settings
or
t
h
e
calibration
To
verify
p
ro
p
er
cali
b
ration
of
t
h
e
7
Α
16
Α
a n
d
to
setu
p
may
nee
d
to be
altered
slig
h
tly
to
meet
t
he
p
revent
unn
ecessary
re-calibration
of
t
h
e
entire
i
n
stru
m
e
n
t,
re
quiremen
ts
of
t
h
e
substitute
e
q
ui
p
me
n
t
.
If
t
h
e
exact
item
p
erform
t
he
A
d
ju
st-
p
ortion of
α
step
o
n
ly
if
t
he
tolerance
of
test
e
q
ui
p
m
ent
given
as
an
example
in
t
he
Test
given
in
t
he
C
h
ec
k
-
part
of
t
he
ste
p
is
n
ot
met
.
Eq
ui
p
me
n
t
list
is
n
ot
availa
b
le,
first
c
h
ec
k
t
h
e
Sp
ecifications
col
u
mn
caref
u
lly
to
see
if
any
ot
h
er
eq
ui
p
me
n
t
is
available
w
h
ic
h migh
t s
u
ffice
.
T
hen ch
ec
k
t
he
For
best
overall
i
nstrume
n t
perfor
m
an
ce
w
hen
per-
U
sage
column
to
see
w
h
at
t
h
is
item of
test
eq
ui
p
ment
is
forming
α complete
cali
b
ratio
n
proce
du
re,
ma
k
e
eac
h
use
d
fo
r
.
If
use
d
fo
r
α
ch
ec
k
or
a
dj
ustment
w
h
ic
h
is
of
little
a
d
j
ustme
n
t
to the
exact
setti
n
g
even
if
t
h
e
C
h
ec
k
-
is
with
in
or
no
i
mp
orta
n
ce to
your
meas
u
reme
n
t
req
u
irements,
t
h
e
allowa
b
le
tole
r
ance
.
item
and
corres
p
onding
step(s)
can
be
d
elete
d
.
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Tektronix 7A16A User manual

Tektronix
Brand
Tektronix
Model
7A16A
Type
User manual
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