Te
k
tronix,
Inc
.
Ρ
.
Ο
.
Box
500
B
eaverto
n
,
Orego
n
97077
Serial
Number
070-1706-01
7
tIctro
nb
c
CO
MM
ITTE
D
TO
E
XC
ELLEN
C
E
PLE
AS
E
CHE
CK
F
O
R
CH
A
N
G
E
INF
O
RM
ATIO
N
AT
THE
RE
A
R
OF
T
H
IS
M
A
NU
A
L
F
G
502
FUNCTION
G
ENER
ATO
R
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
M
A
NU
A
L
F
i
r
st
P
rinting
OCT
1973
R
evised
ΜΑΥ
1981
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
LIST
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
. . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
. . . .
.
. . . . . .
.ii
Section
1
Specification
. . .
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
1-1
Section
2
Operating
Instructions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. .
. . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
2-1
WARNING
THE
FOLLOWING
SERVICE
INSTRUCTIONS
AREFOR
USE
BYQUALIFIED
PERSONNEL
ONLY
.
T
O
AVOID
PERSONAL
INJURY,
DO
NOT
PERFORM
ANY
SERVICING
OTHER
THANTHAT
CONTAINED
IN
OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONSUNLESS
YOUARE
QUALIFIED
TO
DO
SO
.
Section
3
Theory
of
Operation
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-1
Section
4
Calibration
Procedure
. .
.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
Performance
Check
.
.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
Adjustment
Procedure
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
Section
s
Maintenance
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
5-1
Section 6
Options
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-1
Section 7
Replaceable
Electrical
Parts
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-1
Section
8
Diagrams
and
Illustrations
. . . . .
.
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1
Section
9
Replaceable
Mechanical
Parts
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-1
L
IST
O
F
ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig
.
No
.
P
age
F
G502
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
. . . .
.
. .
.
. .
. . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . .
. .
"
. . . . .
.
vi
2-1
F
G
502
I
n
stallatio
n
an
d
removal
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . .
. . .
2-1
2-2
Controls
a
nd
Con
n
ecto
r
s
. . . . . . . .
. . .
. . . . . . . .
.
. . .
. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
2-2
2-3
Imped
a
n
ce
matc
h
ing
n
etwor
k
t
h
at
p
rovi
d
es
minimum
atte
nu
atio
n
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-4
2-4
O
u
tp u
t
waveforms
availa
b
le
from
t
h
e
F
G
502
. . . .
. . . . . .
. . . .
.
.
. . . . . .
. . . . . . .
2-5
2-5
G
r
ap
h s h
owi
n
g
r
a n
ge
of
V
C
F fre
que
n cies
.
. . . . . .
. .
.
. . . .
. . . .
. . .
. .
.
. .
.
.
. . . .
2-5
2-6
Swept
fre
q
ue
n
cy
ra n
ge
wit
h
10
V
sig n als
app
lie
d
to
V
C
F
1
Ν co
nn ecto
r
. . . . . . . .
. . .
2-6
2-7
Ph
ase
relatio
n
s h ips b
etwee
n
OU
T
PU
T
waveforms
an
d TR
IG
O
UT
waveform
. . . . . . .
2-7
2-8
Analyzi
ng
circuit
o
r
system
res
po
n
se
. . . . . . .
. . . .
. .
.
. . . .
. . . .
. . .
.
.
. . . . . . .
.
2-7
2-9
To
n e
bu
rst
gen
eratio
n
o
r
ste
pped
f r
e
quency
m
u
ltiplicatio
n
. .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
2
-
8
5-1
Semico
ndu
cto
r
d
evice
lea d
co
n
figuratio
n
fo
u
n d
in
t
h
e
TM
500
family
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
5-5
Terms
In
T
h
is
Manual
CA
U
TIO
N
stateme
n
ts
ide
n
tify
cond
itio
n
sor
practices
t
h
at
co
u
l
d
res
u
lt
i
n
da
m
age
to
t
h
e
e
q
ui
p
me
n
t
or
ot
h
er pr
op
erty
.
W
A
RN
I
N
G
stateme
n
ts
i
den
tify
con
d
itio
ns o
r
pr
actices
t
h
at
co
u
l
d
r
esult
in
pe
r
so
n
al
i
njur
y
or
loss of
life
.
Te
r
ms
As
M
ark
ed
on
E
q
u
ipme
n
t
CA
U
TIO
N
i
nd
icates
α
pe
r
so
n
al
i
nju
ry
hazard n
ot
im-
me
d
iately
accessible
as
o
ne rea
d
s
t
he
mar
k
i
n
g,
o
r
α
h
azar
d
to
p
rop
erty
i
n
cl
ud
i
ng
t
h
e eq
ui
p
me
n
t
itself
.
DA
N
G
ER
i
nd
icates
α
perso
n
al
i
nj
ury h
aza
r
d
imme
d
iately
accessi
b
le
as
one
rea
d
s
t
he
ma
rk
i
ng
.
Sym
b
ols
AsM
ar
k
edon
E
qu
ipment
P
ower
Source
O
PER
ATO
R
S
SA
FE
TY
S
UMM
A
R
Y
DA
N
G
ER
-
H
ig
h
voltage
.
Pr
otective
g
r
o
und
(eart
h
)
termi
n
al
.
ATTENTION
-
r
efer to
m
anu
al
.
T
h
is
p
ro
d
uct
is
i
n
te
n
ded
to
operate
f
r
om
α
p
owe
r
so
urce
t
h
at will
n
ot
apply
mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
250
volts
r
ms
betwee
n th
e
sup
p
ly
co
ndu
ctors
or
b
etween
eit
h
er
su
pp
ly
co
ndu
ctor
a
nd
grou
nd
.
Α
pr
otective
gro
und
conn
ectio
n
byway
of
t
he
gro
u
n
d
i
n
g
co
ndu
cto
r
i
n t
h
e
power
co
rd
is
essen
tial
for
safe
operatio
n
.
Grounding
t
he
P
ro
d
uct
T
h
is
p
ro
duct
is
gro
und
e
d
t
h
roug
h
t
he
gro
und
i
ng
cond
uc-
tor
of
t
he p
ower
cor
d
.
To
avoi
d
electrical
sh
oc
k
,
plug
t
h
e
p
ower
cord
i
n
to
α p
roperly
wi
r
ed
r
eceptacle
before
co
nn
ecti
n
g
to
t
he
p
ro
d
uct
i
np
ut
or
o
u
t
p
ut
termi
n
als
.
Α
F
G
502
pr otective
groundconn
ection
by
way
of
t
he
gro
und
i
n
g
co
nductor
i
n
t
he p
ower
cor
d
is
esse
n
tial
for
safe
ope
r
a-
tion
.
Da
n
ger
Arisi
ng
F
rom
L
oss
of
Gro
u
nd
Up
o
n
loss of
t
he
protective-gro
und
co
nn
ectio
n
,
all
accessible
co
nd
uctive
p
arts
(i
n
cl
u
di
ng k
no
b
s a
nd
con-
trols
t
h
at
may
a
pp
ear
to
b
e
ins
u
lati
n
g)
can
re
nd
e
r
an
electric
sh
oc
k
.
U
se
t
he
P
rope
r
P
owe
r
Cord
U
se only
the
power
co
r
d a
n
d
conn
ector
s
p
ecified
for
your
product
.
U
se
only
α
power
cor
d
t
h
at
is
i
n
good
con
d
itio
n
.
U
se
t
he
Pr
o
p
er
F
use
To
avoi
d
fire
h
aza
rd
,
use
only
t
he
f
use
of
cor
r
ect
ty
p
e,
voltage
rati
ng a
nd
c
u
rre
n
t
rati
n
g
as sp
ecified
i
n
t
he
p
arts
list
fo
r
your
p
ro
du
ct
.
R
efer
fuse
replaceme
n
t
to
qu
alified
service
pe
r
sonn
el
.
Do
N
ot
O
p
erate
in
E
xplosive
Atmosp
he
r
es
To
avoi
d
explosio
n
,
do
n
ot
op
erate
t
h
is
p
r
o
du
ct
i
n an
explosive
at
m
os
ph
ere
u
nless
it
has b
ee
n
s
p
ecifically
certifie
d
fo
r
suc
h op
eratio
n
.
Do
N
ot
O
pe
r
ate
Plug-in
Un
it
W
it
h
out
Covers
To
avoid
perso
n
al
i
nju
ry,
do
n
ot
operate
t
h
is
pro
duct
wit
hout
cove
r
s
or
p
an
els
installe
d
.
Do
n
ot
apply
p
owe
r
to
t
he
p
l
u
g-i
n
via
α p
l
u
g-i
n exte
nd
er
.
Do
N
ot
Se
r
vice
Alone
SE
RV
IC
E
SA
FE
TY
S
UMM
A
RY
F
O
R
Q
U
A
L
I
F
I
E
D
S
ERV
IC
E
PER
SO
NNEL
ONLY
R
efer
also
to
t
h
e
preceding
O
p
e
r
ators
Safety
Summary
.
Do
n
ot
p
erform
inte
rn
al
service
or
a
dj
ustme
n
t
of
t
h
is
p
r
oduct
unless
an
ot
h
er
perso
n
ca
p
able
of re
nd
eri
n
g
fi
r
st
ai
d
a
nd
res
u
scitatio
n
is
p
rese
n
t
.
U
se
Ca
r
e
Wh
en
Servicing
W
it
h
P
ower
On
Da
n
ge
r
ous
voltages
exist
at
several
poi
n
ts
in
t
h
is
p
r
o
du
ct
.
To
avoi
dp
erso
n
al
i
nj
u
r
y,
d
o
n
ot to
u
c
h
ex
p
osed
conn
ec-
t
i
ons
a
nd
com
po
n
e
n
ts
w
h
ile
p
owe
r
is
on
.
F
G
502
Disco
nn
ect p
ower
befo
r
e
r
emovi
ng pr
otective
pa
n
els,
sol
d
eri
n
g,
o
r
re
p
laci
ng
co
mp
o
nen
ts
.
P
ower
So
ur
ce
T
h
is
pro
du
ct
is
i
n
te
nd
ed
to
o
p
e
r
ate
fr
om
α
powe
r
sou
rce
t
h
at
will
n
ot
a
pp
ly
mo
r
e
t
h
an
250
volts
rms
between
t
h
e
supp
ly
co
ndu
ctors
or
betwee
n
eit
he
r
s
upp
ly
co
ndu
ctor
a
nd
gro
u
n
d
.
Α
pr
otective
g
r
o
und
co
nn
ect
i
o
n by
ωαγ
ο
f t
he
g
r
o
und
i
n
g
co
n
du
cto
r
in
t
h
e p
owe
r
co
r
d
is
esse
n
tial
fo
r
safe
operatio
n
.
,\\
Μ
ά
'
τίΡσσ
ΈR
F
G
502
FUN
CTIO
N
G
ENER
ATO
R
1706-01
REV
Α
ΜΑΥ
1980
T
he
F
G
502
Fun
ct
i
on
Generator
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
operate
i
n α
TM
500
ser
i
es p
owe
r
m
o
du
le
.
It
ge
n
e
r
ates
low
d
istortio
n
si
n
e,
sq
ua
r
e,
t r
i
an
gle,
positive
an
dn
egative
pu
lse,
a
nd
ramp
wavefo
rm
s
from
0
.1
Hz
to
11
MHz
.
A
s
qu
are
wave
t
r
igge
r
is
availa
b
le
at
t
he
f
r
o
n
t
panel
.
V
ar
i
able
DC
offset
is
also pr
ovi
ded
.
Α
voltage-co
n
t
r
olle
d
f
r
e
qu
e
n
cy
(
V
CF)
i
np
ut
co
n
trols
t
heo
u
tput
fr
e
qu
en
cy
from
an
exte
rn
al
voltage
so
ur
ce
.
T
h
e
output
fre
qu
en
cy
can
be
swept
above
o
r
b
elow
t
he
selecte
d
f
r
e
qu
e
n
cy
to
α
maxim
u
m
of
1000
:1
de
pe
nd
i
n
g
on
t
he
pola
r
ity
a
nd
a
mp
l
i
t
ud
e
of
t
h
e
V
C
F
inp
ut
a
nd
t
he
selecte
d out
pu
t f
re
qu
e
n
cy
.
An
exte
r
nal
gate
i
npu
t
allows
t
h
e
ge
n
erator
to
o
pe
rate
for
t
h
e
d
uratio
n
of
an
exte
rn
ally
a
p
pl
i
e
d
gati
n
g
sig
n
al
.
T
h
is
mo
d
e p
rovides
eit
he
r
α
single
cycle
output,
o
r
α
t
r
ai
n
of
p
reselecte
d
wavefo
r
ms,
de
pe
nd
ing
on
t
he
gati
n
g
sig
n
al
"N%
widt
h
an
d
t
h
e
ge
n
e
r
ator
fre
qu
en
cy
setting
.
T
he
var
iety
of
swe
p
t
a
nd
mo
du
late
d
signals
availa
b
le
fr
om
t
he
F
G
502
m
a
k
e
It
es
p
ecially
u
seful
fo
r
s
uch
ap
p
licatio
n
s as
testi
n
g
servo-system
o
r
amplifier
res
p
o
n
se,
d
istortio
n
,
a
nd
stability
.
It
can
b
e
u
se
d
fo
r
FM
ge
n
e
r
atio
n
,
f
r
e
qu
e
n
cy
m
u
lt
i
plicatio
n
,
or
as α
va
r
ia
b
le
beat-
fre
qu
ency
oscillato
r
.
It
can
also
b
e
u
se
d
to
ge
n
erate
REV
C
ΜΑΥ
1980
SPECIFICATION
INTRODUCTION
Ta
b
le
1-1
Sectio
n
1-
F
G
502
r
epetitio
n
r
ates
or to
neb
u
rsts
.
T
he
square
wave
t r
igger
output
can
b
e
use
d
as
α
so
ur
ce
fo
r
TT
L
log
i
c,
o
r
to
sy
n
c
hr
o
n
ize
an
exte
rn
al
device
su
c
h
as
an
osc
i
lloscope
or
co
un
te
r
.
T
h
e
elect
r
i
cal characteristics
in
t
h
is
specificat
i
o
n
a
r
e
vali
d
wit
h
t
he
followi
ng
cond
itio
n
s
:
1
.
T
he
i
n
st
r
ume
n
t
m
u
st
h
ave
bee
n
a
dju
ste
d
at
an
a
mb
ie
n
t
tem
p
e
r
at ur
e
betwee
n
+20
0
C
and
+30
0
C
.
2
.
T
he
inst
rum
en
t
m
u
st
be
ίη
α
ποη
-co
nd
e
n
si
ngen
vi
r
o
n
-
m
e
n
t
w
h
ose
li
m
its
a
r
e
d
esc
r
i
be
d
under
En
viro
n
me
n
tal
.
3
.
Allow
twe
n
ty
mi
n
utes
warm-up
time
for
ope
r
atio
n
to
specifie
d
accuracy
;
sixty
minu
tes
after
exposure
to
or
storage
In
h
ig
h
hum
i
d
ity
(co
nd
e
n
si
n
g)
e
n
viro
n
me
n
t
.
Any
cond
itio
n
s
t
h
at
a
r
e
un
i
q
ue
to
α
p
articular
ch
a
r
acteristic
are
ex
pr
essly
state
d
as
p
art
of
t
h
at
ch
aracteristic
.
T
he
elect
r
ical
a
nd
e
nv
i
r
o
n
me
n
tal
perfor
m
ance
l i
mits
toget
h
er
wit
h
t
h
ei
rr
elate
d
vali
d
atio
n
proce
dur
es
co
mpr
ise
α
com
p
lete
stateme
n
t
of
t
h
e
elect
r
i
cal
a
nd
e
n
viro
nm
en
tal
performa
n
ce
of
α
calibrate
d
Instrument
.
ELE
CT
R
ICA
L
C
HA
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
C
h
a
r
acteristics
Performance
Re
q
ui
r
eme
n
ts
S
upp
le
m
en
tal
I
n
formatio
n
Fr
eq
ue
n
cy R
a
n
ge
0
.1
Ητ
t
ο
11
MHz
.
F
re
qu
en
cy
R
esolution
1
part
i
n
10'
of
full
scale
setti
ng
usi
ng
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
VERN
I
ER
co
n
trol
.
Fr
e
qu
e
n
cy
Sta
b
ility
<
0
.1%
fo
r
1
h
ou
r
,
<
0
.5%
for
24
h
ou
rs
.
Dial
must
b
e
on
calibrate
d
p
ortio
n a
nd
ambie
n
t
te
m
perat
u
re
must
be
25°
C
t5°
C
.
Pu
lse
a
nd
R
a
mp
F
re
qu
en
cy 1/10
t r
ia
ngle
fre
qu
e
n
cy
.
Dial
Ra
n
ge
-
1
to
11
cali
br
ated
.
0
.1
to
1
υη
cα
1 ί
br
ate
d
.
S
p
ecification-
F
G
502
Ta
b
le
1-1
(cont)
REV
Β
ΜΑΥ
1980
Ch
a
r
acteristics
P
erforma
n
ce
R
e
q
ui
r
eme
n
ts
S
up
pleme
n
tal
Info
rm
atio
n
)ial
Acc
ur
acy
<
3%
ο
of
full
scale
f
r
om
0
.1
Hz
to
1
MHz
.
<
5%
ο
of
full
scale
from
1
MH
z
to 10
MHz
.
11
MH
z
setti
n
g
n
ot
less
t
han
11
MHz
.
3utput
Am
p
lit
ud
e
>
10
V
Ρ
-
Ρop
en
circ
u
it
.
>
5
V
Ρ
-
Ρ
i
n
to
α
50
Ω
loa
d
,
excl
ud
i
n
g
offset
.
R
efe
r
e
n
ce
d
at
10
kH
z
.
k
m
p
lit
ud
e F
lat
n
ess
Si
n
ewave
W
it
h
in
t
1
.5
dB,
r
efe
r
e
nce
at
10
kH
z
.
S
q
uare
a
nd
tr
iangle
to
si
n
e-
W
it
h
i
n
f
3
dB
.
wave
am
p
lit
u
de
J
ffset
R
a
n
ge
>
+
a
nd
-5
V,
open
circ
u
it
.
+
a
nd
-2
.5
V
into
α
50
Ω
loa
d
.
Si
n
ewave
Distortio
n
<
0
.5%
ο
from
10
Hz
to
50
kH
z
.
H
a
r
mo
n
ics
Dial
must
be
on
cali
b
rate
d
p
ortion,
an
d
>-30
d
B
d
ow
n
at
all
ot
h
er
am
b
ie
n
t
tem
pe
r
at
u
re
must
be25*C±5*C
.
fre
qu
en
cies
.
Tria
n
gle
Sym
m
etry
W
it
h
i
n
1
ο
/
ο f
r
o
m
0
.1
H
z
to
1
.1
MHz
.
W
it
h
i
n
Dial
mu
st
be
on
cali
br
ate
d
portio
n
.
Ambie
n
t
3%
ο
from
1
.1
MHz
to 11
MH
z
u
sing
10
6
tem
p
erat ur
e
m
ust
b
e
25°C
±5*
C
.
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
setti
n
g
.
Tria
n
gle
L
inearity
Within
1
.0%f
r
om0
.1
H
zto110kHz,
within
3
ο/ο
from
100
kH
z to
1
.1
MHz
u
si
n
g
10
5
Μ
UL
TI
PL
I
ER
setti
n
g,wit
h
in5%from1
ΜΝ
to 11
MHz
u
sing
10
6
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
setti
n
g
.
S
qu
arewave
and
Pu
lse
O
u
t
pu
t
R
isetime
<
20
n
s
.
Aberratio
ns
<
3ο/
ο
Ρ
-
Ρ
at
full
am
p
litude
i
n
to
50
Ω
load
.
P
ulse
and
R
amp
As
p
ect
R
atio
95/5
.
V
oltage
Co
n
trolle
dF
re
quency
I
npu
t
(V
C
F)
R
ange
Α
10
V
signal
sh
ifts
fre
qu
e
ncy
>
1000
:1
w
he
r
e
fre
q.,
>
11
Χ
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
setti
ng
a
nd
fre
q~
;
.
<
0
.011
Χ
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
setting
.
Slew
Rate
<
0
.5
V
/
μ
s
.
E
xter
n
al
Gate
Inpu
t
0
V
to
>
+2
V,
n
ot to
excee
d
+15
V
.
B
aseline
of
outp
u
t
wavefor
m
du
ring
off
p
erio
d
wit
h
i
n
500
m
V
meas
u
re
d
from
0V
.
Usable
on
t
he
10
6
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
setti
n
g
only
for
si
n
e,
t r
ia
ngle
or
s
qu
a
r
e
waveform
o
u
tput
.
Input
Im
ped
an
ce
1
ΚΩ
.
T
r
igger
O
utpu
t
>
5
V
o
p
e
n
circ
u
it,
>
2
.5
V
into
50
Π
load
.
P
ower
Co
nsu
m
p
tio
n
Ι
15
W
.
Ta
b
le
1-2
ENV
I
R
O
NMEN
TA
L
C
H
AR
ACT
ER
ISTICS
Specificatio
n
-
F
G
502
REV
Β
ΜΑΥ
1980
Ta
b
le
1-3
PH
YSICA
L
C
HA
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
C
ha
r
acte
r
istics
I
n
fo
r
matio
n
Tem
pe
r
at
u
re
O
p
erating
0°C
to
50°C
.
Sto
r
age
-40°
C
to
+75°
C
.
Altit
ud
e
O
p
erating
To
15,000
feet
.
M
axim
u
m
op
erati
n
g
tempe
r
ature
decrease
d
b
y
1°C/100
feet
from 5000
to
15,000
feet
.
Storage
To
50,000
feet
.
V
i
br
ation
O
p
erati
n
g
a
n
d
non-operating
W
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
st
ru
me
n
t
co
mp
lete,
vib
r
ation
fre
qu
e
ncy
swept
from
10
to
55 to
10
Hz
at
1
mi
nu
te
per
swee
p
.
V
i
br
ate
15
mi
nu
tes
i
n
eac
h
of
t
he
t
hree
ma
j
o
r
axes
at
0
.015
i
n
ch
total
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t
.
H
ol
d
10 mi n
utes
at
any
ma
j
or
resonance
;
or,
if
n
o
n
e,
at
55 Hz
.
Total
time,
75
mi
nu
tes
.
S
h
oc
k
O
pe
r
ating
an
d
non-operating
30
g,
1/2
si
n
e,
11
m
s
dur
atio
n
,
3
s
h
oc
k
s
in
eac
hd
i
r
ection
alon
g
3
m
a
j
or
axes,
for
α
total
of
18 s
h
oc
ks
.
Transportatio
n
Qu
alifie
d
u
nd
er
N
ational
Safe
Tra
n
sit
Committee
Test
Procedure
1A,
Catego
r
y
ΙΙ
.
C
h
aracte
r
istics
Dimen
sio
n
s
Overall
Size
(meas
u
re
d
at
maximu
m
p
oints)
H
eig
h
t
5
.0
i
n (12
.7
cm)
W
i
d
t
h
2
.6
i
n
(6
.6
cm)
L
en
gt
h 12
.2
i
n
(31
cm)
N
et
W
eig
h
t
(Instr
u
me
n
t
only)
2
I
b
s
(0
.906
k
g)
Ι
I
n
itial
O
p
eratio
n
O
PER
ATI
N
G
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
S
T
urn
t
h
e
Power
Module
off
b
efo
r
e
i
nse
r
ting
t
h
e
pl
u
g-
i
n,
ot
h
erwise,
d
a
m
age
may
occ
ur
to
t
he
p
l
u
g-in
ci
r
cuit
r
y
or
co
nn
ecto
r
.
T
h
e F
G
502
is cali
br
ate
d
a
nd
rea
d
y
fo
r
u
se
w
h e n
r
eceive
d
.
It
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
op
e
r
ate
i
n any
com
p
artme
n
t
of
t
h
e
TM
500
series
p
ower
m
o
du
le
.
R
efe
r
to
t
h e p
owe
r
mo
du
le
i
n
str
u
ctio
n
ma
nu
al
for line
voltage
r
e q
ui r
e
m
e
n
ts
and p
owe
r
mod
u
le
o
p eratio n
.
See
F
ig
.
2-1 for
i
n
stallatio
n
removal
proce
du
r
e
.
B
e s ur e
t
h
at
t
h e
F
G
502
is
f
u
lly
i
n
serted
i
n
t
h
e
powe
r
mod
u
le
.
Pull
t
h
e
PWR
switc
h
on
t
he
power
mo
d
ule
.
C
h
ec
k
t
h at
t
h
e g
r
een
P
OWER
lig
h
t
on
t
h
e
F
G
502
is
on
.
T
he
Co
n
trols
a
n
d
Co
nn
ectors
F
ig
.
2-2
gives
α
com
p
lete
d
escri
p
tio
n of
t
h
e
f r
o
n
t
pa
n
el
co
n
trols
a
nd
conn
ecto
r
s
.
REV
D
ΜΑΥ
1980
Fig
.
2-1
.
F
G
502
I
n
stallatio
n
a
nd
r
e
m
oval
.
F
unctio
n
s
Available
At
R
ea
r
Connector
Sectio
n
2-
F
G
502
R
efer
to
t
h
e
rear
conn
ecto
r
assig
n
me
n
t
illust
r
atio
n
i
n
t
h e
M
ai
n
tena
n
ce Sectio
n
of
t
h
is
m
a
nu
al
for
pin
assig
n
me
n
ts
.
Α
slot
betwee
n
p
i
n
s
23
a
nd 24
on
t
h
e
rear
con
n
ector
i
d
entifies
t
he F
G
502
as
α
mem
b er
of
t
h
e
sig n
al
source
family
.
Α
b
arrie
r
may
b e
i
n serte d
in
t
h e
corres
pond
i
n
g
p
ositio
n of
t
h
e
p
owe
r
mo
du
le
j
ac
k
to
p
reve
n
t
ot h er
t
h a
n
signal
so
urce
p
lug-i
n
s
f r
om
b
ei
n
g
use
d
in
t
h
at
co
mp
art-
ment
.
T
h
is
protects
t
h e
p
l
u
g-i
n
if
s p
ecialize
d
co
n
nectio
n s
a
r
e
ma
de
to
t
h
at
com
p
artment
.
Co
n
s
u
lt
t
he
Bu
ildi
n
g
Α
System
sectio
n of
t
h
e
p
owe
r
m
odule
ma
nu
al
fo
r
furt
h
er
i
n
formatio
n
.
Ope
rati
ng
I
n
str
uctio
n
s-
F
G
502
2-2
O
FFSET
Control
Pull
and
a
d
just
for
output
waveform
DC
offset
.
A
MPLITUDE
Control
A
d
justs
amplitude
of
output
waveform
.
GATE
IN
Connector
V
oltage applied
permits
gating
of
output
waveform
.
V
CF
IN
Connector
CO
N
T
R
O
L
S
A
N
D
CO
NNE
CTO
R
S
Applied
external
voltage
changes
output
waveform
frequency
.
L
ATCH
Pull
to
remove
p
lug-in
.
T
RIG
OUT
Connector
S
quare-wave
output
for
a
pplications
r
equiring
an
external
trigger
.
O
UTPUT
Connector
BNC
connector
for
waveform
output
.
FUNCTION
Switch
Selects
output
waveform
.
VERNIER
Control
Allows
fine
adjustme
n
t
of
output
frequency
.
1
Ο
MULTIPLIER
Switch
Sets
basic
frequency
range
.
FREQUENCY
Hz
Dial
ήνι
υιτι
Ριι
ε
α
Ι
1{t°,
105
F
ig
.
2-2
.
Controls
and
Connectors
.
P
OWER
On
P
ilot
L
ight
M
ultiply d
ial
r
eading
by
MULTIPLIER
setting
for
frequency
out
.
Illuminated
when
power
is
applied
to
unit
.
REV
Β
ΜΑΥ
1980
j
r
L'
O
u
t
pu
t
Co
nn
ectio
n
s
O
PER
ATI
N
GCO
N
SID
ER
ATIO
N
S
T
he
out
p
ut of
t
h
e
F
G
502
is
d
esigne
d
to
ope
r
ate
as
α
50
Λ
voltage source
wo
rk
i
n
g
i
n
to
α 50
Ω
load
.
At
h
ig
h
er
fre
q
ue
n
cies,
an un
te
ι
mi
n
ated o
r
im
p
ro
p
erly te
r
mi
n
ate
d
ou
tput
ca
u
ses excessive
abe
r
ratio
ns
on
t
he
outp
u
t
waveform
(see
Impe
da
n
ce
M
atc
h
i
n
g
d
isc
u
ssion)
.
L
oads
less
t
ha
n
50
Λ
re
du
ce
t
h
e
wavefo
r
m
a
mp
lit
u
de
.
E
xcessive
distortio
n
o
r
aber
r
atio
n
s,
d
ue
to
im
pr
o
pe
r
te
r
mination
,
are
less
li
k
ely
to
occ
ur
at
t
h
e
lowe
r
freq
ue
n
-
cies
(especially
wit
h
si
ne
a
nd
tria
n
gle
waveforms)
.
To
retain
waveform
pur
ity,
o
bse
r
ve
the
Iollowi
n
g
pr
eca
u
tio
n
s
:
1
.
U
se
goo
d
qu
ality
50
Ω
coaxial
ca
b
les
and
connec-
tors
.
2
.
M
a
k
e
all
co
n
nectio
ns
tig
h
t
a
nd as
s
h
ort
as
p
ossi
b
le
.
3
.
U
se
goo
d
quality
atte
nu
ato
r
s
if
it
is n
ecessary
to
reduce
wavefo
r
m
a
mp
lit
ud
e
to
sen
sitive
ci
r
cu
its
.
4
.
U
se
termin
ators
or
im ped
an
ce-matc
h
i
n
g d
evices
to
avoi
d
r
eflectio
ns
w
he
n
u
si
n
g
lo
n
g
ca
b
les
.
5
.
En
s
ur
e
t
h
at
atte
nu
ato
r
s,
te
rm
i
n
atio
n
s,
etc
.
h
ave
ade
qu
ate
powe
r
h
a
nd
li
n
g
capa
b
ilities
for
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
wavefo
r
m
.
R
ί
setime
a
n
d
F
allt
i
me
If
t
heou
t
p
ut
p
u
lse
from
t
h
e
F
G
502
is
use
d
to
meas
u
re
t
he
rise
o
r
falltime
of
α
device,
consider
the
risetime
ch
a
r
acte
r
istics
of
t
he
associate
d e
qu
i
p
me
n
t
u
se
d
.
If
t
he
r
isetime
of
t
h
e
device
under
test
is
at
least
10times
g
r
eater
t
han
t
h
e
com
b
i
ned
r
isetimes
of
t
h
e F
G
502
pl
us
t
h
e
mo
n
itori
ng
osc
i
llosco
pe
an
d
associate
d
ca
b
les,
t
he
e
r
ro
r
i
n
tro
duce
d
will
n
ot
excee
d
1%
.
T
h
is
e
rr
o
r
can
ge
n
e
r
ally
be
ig
n
o
r
e
d
.
Wh
en
t
he
r
ise
or
fallti
m
e
of
t
he
test
d
evice
is
less
t
han 10
ti
m
es as long
as
t
h
e
com
b
i
ned
r
isetimes
of
t
h
e
testi
ng
system,
t
he
act
u
al
r
isetime
of
t
he
d
evice
m
u
st
be
dete
r
mi
ned
.
T
h
is is
fo
und
fr
om
t
he
ι
isetime
of
eac
h
component
ma
k
i
n
g
up
t
he
system
.
T
h
e
total
r
isetime
e
qu
als
t
hes
qu
a
r
e
root
of
t
he
sum
of
t
he
s
qu
a
r
es
of
t
h
e
i
nd
ivid
u
al
risetimes
.
R,
=
(R,)
τ
+
(R
τ
)
τ
+
(
R
3)
τ
+
. . .
Conversely,
t
h
e
r
isetime
of
t
he device
u
nd
e
r
test
can
b
e
fo
und
fro
m
t
h
e
same
relatio
n
s
h
i
p
if
t
h
e
act
u
al
risetimes
i
n
t
h
e
system
are
kn
ow
n
.
T
h
e
ph
ysical
a
nd
elect
r
ical
c
h
a
r
acte
r
istics of
t
he
pu
lse
tra
n
smitti
ng
ca
b
le
dete
r
mi
ne
t
he
c
ha
r
acteristic
im-
REV
Β
ΜΑΥ
1980
p
e
d
ance,
velocity
of
p
ro
p
agatio
n
,
a
nd
amo
un
t
of
sig
n
al
loss
.
Sig
n
al
loss
is
relate
d
to
fre
qu
e
n
cy
;
therefo
r
e,
α
few
feet
of
cable
can
atte
nu
ate
h
ig
h
fre
qu
e
n
cy
i
n
for
m
ation
i
n
α
fast-rise
pu
lse
.
It
is
im
p
orta
n
t
to
k
ee
p
ca
b
les
as s
h
ort
as
possible
.
Wh
en
signal
com
p
ariso
n
measurements
o
r
time
d
iffe
r
en
ce
d
eterminatio
ns
a
r
e
ma
d
e,
t
h
e
two
sig
n
als
f
r
o
m
t
he
test
d
evice
sh
o
u
l
d
travel
t
hr
o
ug
h
coaxial
ca
b
les
wit
h
i
d
e
n
tical
loss
a
nd
time d
elay
c
h
aracte
r
istics
.
If
t
h
ere
is
α
DC
voltage
across
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
loa
d
,
t
h
e
out
pu
t
pu
lse
amplit
ud
e
will
b
e
com
p
resse
d
,
o
r
in
some
cases
(if
t
h
e
voltage
excee
d
s
±10
V),
it
may
s
h
ort
t
h
e
o
u
tput
.
To
p
r
eve
n
t t
h
is
f r
om
occu
r
ri
n
g,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
mu
st
b
e
co
up
le
d
t
hr
o
u
g
h
a
0C
bloc
k
i
n
g
ca
p
acitor to
t
he
loa
d
.
T
h
e
time
consta
n
t
of
t
he
co
u
pling
capacitor
a
nd
loa
d
m
u
st
be
lo
ng
eno
u
g
h
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
pu
lse
flat
ness
.
Impedan
ce
M
atc
h
i
ng
As
t
he
pulse
travels
d
ow
n
α
tra
nsmissio
n
li
n
e,
eac
h
ti
m
e
it
en
coun
ters
α
mis
m
atch
,
or
an
impe
d
ance d
iffere
n
t
than
t
h
at
of
t
h
e
tra
nsmission
li
n
e,
α
r
eflectio
n
is
gene
r
ate
d
and
se
n
t
back
along
t
he
line
to
t
h
e
so
ur
ce
.
T
h
e
amplit
ud
ea
n
d
pola
r
ity
of
t
h
e
reflectio
n
s aredete
r
mi ned
by
t
h
e
amo
un
t
of
t
he en
counte
r
ed
im
p
ed
ance
i
n
r
elatio
n to
t
he
ch
arac-
te
r
istic
im
ped
a
n
ce
of
t
h
e
cab
le
.
If
t
h
e
mis
m
atc
h
im-
p
e
dan
ce
is
h
ig
he
r
t
han
t
he
li
n
e,
t
he
r
eflectio
n
will
be
of
t
he
same
pola
r
ity
as
t
h
e
a
pp
lie
d
sig
n
al
.
If
it
is
lower,
t
h
e
r
eflectio
n
will
b
e
of
op
posite
p
ola
r
ity
.
If
t
he
reflecte
d
sig
n
al
returns
before
t
hep
u
lse
is
e
nd
ed,
it
a
dd
sto
o
r
s
ub
tr
acts
from
t
h
e
amplit
ud
e
of
t
he
pu
lse
.
T
h
is
d
istorts
t
h
e
pu
lse
sh
ape
a
nd
am
p
lit
ud
e
.
If
t
h
e
F
G
502
is
d
rivi
ng
α
h
ig
h
i
m
pe
dan
ce
such
as
t
he
1
MO
vertical
i
np
ut
to
an
oscillosco
p
e,
co
n
nect
t
h
etra
ns
m
iSsio
n
lineto
α
50
Λ
atte
nu
ator,
50
Ω
te
r
mination
,
an
d
t
h
en
t
h
e
osc
i
lloscope
i
n
put
.
T
h
e
atte
nu
ator
isolates
t
he
input
capacita
n
ce
of
t
he
d
evice,
a
nd
t
h
e
F
G
502
is
p
r
op
erly
te
rm
inate
d
.
Α
simple
r
esistive
i
mp
ed
a
n
ce-matc
h
i
ng
n
etwo
rk
t
h
at
p
rovi
d
es
mi n
i
mu
m
atte
nu
atio
n
is
ill
u
strate
d
in
F
ig
.
2-3
.
To
matc
h
im
p
eda
n
ce
wit
h
t
h
e
ill
u
strate
d
n
etwo
rk
,
t
he
follow-
ing
cond
itio
n
s
m
u
st
exist
:
a
nd
R,
+
Z2
) .
L2
,
+
Ζτ
+R
τ
OperatingInstructions-FG
502
mu
st
equal
Ζ
,
R,
+
Ζ
Ζ
+
R
τ
m
u
st
e
qu
al
Ζτ
.
2-3
O
p
e
r
ati
ng
Instructions-
F
G
502
F
ig
.
2-3
.
I
mp
e
d
an
ce
m
atc
h
i
n
g
n
etwo
rk
t
h
at pr
ovi
d
es
mi
nimu
m
atte
n
uatio
n
.
T
he
r
efo
r
e
:
or
a
nd
T
he
r
efore
:
and
R,
R
τ
=
Ζ
,
Ζτ
;
and
R,Z,
=
R
τ
(
Ζτ
-Ζ
,)
R
R
τ
R
τ
R
ι
=
ΖτΊΖτ
-
Ζι
)
=
Ζ
,
Ζτ
;T2
-
Ζι
R,
=
125(125
-
50)
=
96
.8
0
-'
125
=
50
V
=
64
.6
Ω
.
125-50
F
o
r
exam
p
le,
to
m
atc
h α
50
Ω
system
to
α
125
Ω
system,
Ζ
,
e
qu
als
50
Ω
a
nd
Ζτ
eq u
als
125
Ω
.
Wh
en
co
n
structi
ng
suc
h
α
d
evice,
t
he
envi
r
o
n
me
n
t
surroun
d
i
n
g
t
he
co
m
po
n
en
ts
s
h
ou
l
d
be design
ed
to
provide
α
t
r
ansitio
n
betwee
n
t
h
e
im p
eda
n
ces
.
T
h
e
ch
a
r
acte
r
istic
i
mp
ed
a
nce
of
α
coaxial
device
is
deter-
m
i
n
ed
by
t
h
e
ratio
betwee
n
t
he outside
diameter
of
t
he
i
nn
er
cond
u
ctor to
t
h
e
i
n
side
diamete
r
of
t
he
o
u
ter
co
ndu
ctor
D
is
t
h
e
i
n
si
de
d
iamete
r
of
t
h
e
outer
co
nd ucto
r
,
d
is
t
he
diameter
of
t
h
e
i
nn
er
co
ndu
ctor,
a
nd
Σ
is
t
he
d
ielect
r
ic
consta
n
t
(1
i
n
air)
.
T
h
e
n
etwor
k
i
n F
ig
.
2-3 p
rovi
d
es
mi
n
im
u
m
atte
nu
atio
n
fo
r
α
p
urely
resistive
im
p
eda
n
ce-matc
h
i
n
g
device
.
T
h
e
atte
nu
atio
n
as
see
n
from
o
n
ee
nd
does
not
e
qu
al
t
h
at
see
n
fro
m
t
he
ot
h
er
e
nd
.
Α
signal
(
Ε
,)
a
pp
lied
from
t
he
lower
im
p
eda
n
ceso
ur
ce
enco
un
ters
α
voltage
atte
nu
ation
(
Α
,)
t
h
at
is
greater
t
h
an
1
a
nd
less
t
h
an
2,
as
follows
:
Asig
n
al
(
Ετ
)
a
pp
lied
f
r
om
t
he
h
ig
he
r
impe
d
a
n
ce so
ur
ce
(
Ζτ
)
en
counters
α
greate
r
voltage
atte
nu
atio
n
(
Ατ
)
t
h
at
is
g
r
eate
r
t
h
a
n
1
a
nd
less
t
h
a
n
2(
Ζ
τ
/
Ζ
,)
:
In
t
he
exam
p
le
of
matc
h
i
n
g
50
Ω
to
125
Ω
,
a
nd
Ατ
Αι
=
Ε
,
=
R,
+
1
Ετ Ζτ
(z
.
=
138
Ιο
g
ιο
D/
d
)
.
Ετ
R
ι
Αι
__
125
+
1
=
1
.77
Ατ
64
.6
+__
96-8
950
6-8
+
1
=
4
.43
.
T
h
e
illust
r
ate
d n
etwo
rk
can
b
e
mo
d
ified,
to p
r
ovi
d
e
d
iffere
n
t
atte
nu
atio
n
r
atios,
by ad
ding an
ot
h
er
resisto
r
(less
t
han
R,)
b
etwee
n
Ζ
,
an
d
t
h
e
jun
ctio
n
of
R,
an
d
R
z
.
F
ree-
R
u
nn
i
ng
Out
pu
t
Set
t
he
A
MPL
IT
U
D
E
co
n
t r
ol
f
u
lly
cloc
k
wise,
and
ma
ke
certai
n
t
h
e
O
FF
SE
T
co
n
t
r
ol is
pu
sh
ed
in
.
Set
t
h
e
FUNC-
TION
selector
to
t
h
e
d
esi
r
e
d
wavefo
r
m
.
See
F
ig
.
2-4
.
Select
t
he
d
esi
r
e
d
f
r
e
qu
e
ncy
wit
h
t
h
e
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
a
nd
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
H
z d
ials
.
N
ote
t
h
e
ramp
a
n
d
p
ulse
fr
e
qu
e
n-
cies
a
r
e
one-te
n
t
h
t
h
e
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
H
z
an
d
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
dial
setti
n
gs
.
T
heou
t
pu
t
frequency
is
cali
b
rate
d
w
he
n
t
he
FRE
Q
UEN
CYVERN
I
ER
co
n
trol
is
i
n
t
he
f
u
ll
cloc
kwise
p
osition
.
Connect
the
loa
d
to
t
he
O
U
T
PU
T
con
n
ectora
nd
a
dju
st
t
he
A
MPL
IT
U
D
E
co
n
trol
fo
r t
h
e
desi
r
ed ou
tp
u
t
am
p
lit
ud
e
.
Pull
a
ndad
j
ust
t
h
e
O
FF
SE
Tco
n
trol
to
positio
n
t
he
DC
level
(
b
aseli
n
e)
of
t
h
e
o
u
t
p
ut
waveformabove
o
r
b
elow
0V
as desi
r
e
d
.
Gated
Out
p
ut
Α
gati
ng
signal
of at
least
0
V
to
+2
V
a
pp
lied
to
t
he
GAT
E
IN
connector
p
r
ovi
d
es gate
d
wavefo
r
ms
.
T
h
e
du
ratio
n
of
t
h
e
out
pu
t
waveforms
d
epe
nd
s
upon
the
du
ratio
n
of
t
he
gati
n
g
sig
n
al
.
T
he
n
umbe
r
of
cycles
du
ri
n
g
t
he
bu
rst
d
e
pe
nd
s
upon
t
he
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
H
z
a
nd
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
d
ial
setti
n
gs
.
Si
n
gle
cycles ca
n
be
obtai
n
e
d
by
a
pp
lyi
ng α
gati
ng
sig
n
al
wit
h α perio
d
a
p
p
roximately
e
qu
al
to
t
h
e
period
of
t
he F
G
502
o
u
t
p
ut
.
T
h
e
nu
mbe
r
of
cycles
p
er
bu
rst
may
b
ea
pp
roximate
d
by d
ivi
d
ing
t
he
gati
ng
sig
n
al
dur
atio
n
byt
h
e
pe
r
iod
of
t
he F
G
502
o
u
t
pu
t
.
Fig
.
2-4
.
Outpu
t
wavefo
r
ms
availa
b
le
from
t
he F
G
502
.
O
u
t
pu
t
fre
q
ue
n
cy
can
be
varied
du
ri
n
g
t
he
burst
du
ratio
n by
applyi
ng
t
h
e
proper
voltage
to
t
h
eV
C
F
IN
co
nnecto
r
.
See
V
oltage-Co
n
trolled
F
re
q
ue
ncy
(V
C
F)
Out-
p
u
t
followi
ng
.
OPERATION
Ope
r
ati
ng
I
n
st
r
uctio
n
s-
F
G
502
V
oltage-Cont
r
olled
Fre
q
uency
(V
C
F)
Outp
u
t
The
out
pu
t
fre
qu
e
ncy
of
t
he
F
G
502
εαη
b
e
swe
p
t
ove
r
α
fre
q
uency
range
of
1000
:1,
d
epe
nd
i
n
g
on
t
h
e
MUL
T-
I
PL
I
ER
setti
n
g,
b
ya
pp
lyi
n
g
α0
V
to
10
V
signal
tot
heV
C
F
IN
connector
.
It
maybe
n
ecessa
r
y
to va
r
y
t
he
CA
L
co
n
trol
to
o
b
tai
n
t
he
f
u
ll
1000
:1
swe
p
t
r
a
n
ge
or
t
he lowest
swe
p
t
fre
q
ue
n
cy
d
esire
d
.
See
F
ig
.
2-5
for
maximu
m
V
C
F
ra
n
ge
for
eac
h
MUL
TI
P
LI
ER
setti
n
g
.
Ο
z
ω
ω
Ο
z
α
¢
α
ω
J
10
6
10
1
1W-
10
1 -
10
1 -
10
1
-
1
Σ
10
- ι
IL
11
k
H
z
11
MHz
1
.1
kH
z
1
.1
MHz
110 Hz
11
0
kH
z
11
Hz
11
kH
z
1
.1
Hz
1
.1
kHz
0
.11
Hz
11
0 Hz
0
.11
Hz
11
Hz
0
.11
Hz
1
.1
Hz
10
-
ι
1
4
10
2
10
3
10
6
10
3
10
6
10'
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
Hz
170&05
Α
Fig
.
2-5
.
G
r
aph sh
owi
ng
r
ange
of
fr
equen
cies
fo
r
each
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
setti
ng
t
h
at
can
b
e
swe
p
t
wit
h α 0
to 10
V
sig
n
al
app
lied to
t
he
V
C
F
Input
.
T
he
polarity of
t
he
V
C
F
in
pu
t
sig
n
al
d
etermi
nes
t
h
e
d
i
r
ectio
n
t
he
o
u
t
pu
t
f
r
e
qu
e
ncy
is
swe
p
t
from
t
hef
r
equen-
cy
set
by
t
h
e
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER,
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
H
z,
a
nd
VER-
N
I
ER
cont
r
ols
.
Α
p
ositive-goi
n
g
voltage
r
aises
t
he
fre-
que
n
cy,
w
h
ile
α negative-going voltage
lowe
r
s
t
he
fre-
quency
.
Α
voltage
t
h
at
va
r
ies
symmet
r
ically
about
0
V
swee
p
s
t
he
out
pu
t f
r
e
qu
ency
symmetrically
abo
u
t
t
he
center
fre
quency
d
etermi
ned by
t
h
e
f
r
e
q
ue
n
cy
co
n
trols
.
See
F
ig
.
2-6
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
V
C
F
in
pu
t
am
p
lit
ud
e
vers
us
f
r
e
qu
e
n
cy
is
α
linear
relations
h
i
p
,
t
he
fre
quen
cy
outp
ut
r
an
ge
may
be
dete
r
mi
ne
d
f
r
om
t
he
V
C
F
in
pu
t
amplit
ud
e
.
R
efer to
t
he
following
test
un
der
t
h
e
h
eadi
ngR
esp
o
nse
A
n
alysis
for
α
ty
p
ical
applicatio
n
usi
ng
t
he
V
C
F
feat
u
re
.
Ope
r
ati
ng
I
n
str
u
ctio
n
s-
F
G
502
VC
F
IN
O
UT
PU
T
VC
F
IN
S
WE
PT
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
RAN
G
E
(s)
O
UT
PU
T
1706-DOA
R
es
pon
se
A
n
alysis
Fig
.
2-6
.
Swe
p
t
Fr
e
qu
e
n
cy
r
ange
wit
h
10
V
sig
n
als
a
pp
lie
d
to
V
C
F
IN
Co
nn
ecto
r
.
Th
e
F
G
502
is
p
a
r
ticularly
s
u
ited
for
dete
rm
i
n
i
ng
res
po
nse
c
ha
r
acte
r
istics
of
circuits
o
r
systems
.
T
h
is
a
pp
licatio
n u
tilizes
t
he
V
C
F
i
npu
t
of
t
h
e
F
G
502
to
swee
p
t
he
ge
ne
r
ator
over α
ra
n
ge
of
fre
qu
e
n
cies
.
Βγ
ap
p
lyi
n
g
t
he
desi
r
ed
wavefor
m
f r
om
t
he
F
G
502
to α device u
nd
e
r
test
a
nd
sweeping
t
he
wavefo
r
m
f
r
equen
cy
over α
selecte
d
ra
n
ge,
various
r
espo
n
se
ch
a
r
acte
r
istics
can be
ob
se
r
ved
on
α
mo
n
itori
ng
oscilloscope
.
T
h
e
following
pr
oce
du
re
d
esc
r
i
b
es
α
tec
hn
i
qu
e
for
dete
r
mi n
ing res
p
o
nse ch
a
r
acteristics
of
any
fre
q
ue
n
cy
sen
sitive
device
t
h
at
o
pe
r
ates
wit
h
i
n
t
h
e
fre
qu
ency
ra
n
ge
of
t
h
e
F
G
502
.
R
efer to
t
he
V
oltage-Co
n
trolled
F
re
qu
e
n
cy
(V
C
F)
O
utpu
t
d
iscussio
n under
Operatio
n
fo
r
add
itio
n
al
i
n
formatio
n
.
1 .
Co
nn
ect
t
h
ee
qu
i
pm
ent as s
h
ow
n
i
n F
ig
.
2-8
.
2
.
Set
t
he
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
selecto
r
and
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
Hz
d
ial
for
t
he
d
esi
r
ed
u
p
per
o
r
lowe
r f
r
eq
ue
n
cy
limit
A
PPL
ICATIO
N
S
(d
e
pe
nd
i
ng
on
t
h
e
d
i
r
ectio
n
you
wis
h
to
swee
p
)
.
See
F
ig
.
2-5
for
V
C
F
ra
n
ges
an
d
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
setti
ngs
.
3
.
Apply
the d
esire
d
wavefo
r
m
to
t
h
e
VC
F
1
Ν
connec-
tor
.
4
.
A
dj
ust
t
he
amplit
ude
of
t
he
V
C
F
i
np
ut
waveform
for
t
he
d
esi
r
ed
outp
ut
f
r
eq
ue
n
cy
ra
n
ge
.
5
.
O
b
serve
t
he
res
po
nse ch
aracte
r
istics
on
t
he
m
onitori
ng
oscillosco
pe
.
T
he
fre
qu
e
ncy
at
w
h
ic
h α d
isplayed
r
es
p
onse
cha
r
acteristic
occu
r
s
can
be
d
etermi
n
ed
by
r
emovi
n
g
t
h
e
V
C
F
i
npu
t
waveform,
t
hen
ma
nu
ally
a
dj usti
n
g
t
h
e
FRE-
Q
UEN
CY
Hz
d
ial
to
agai
n
ob
tai
n the
p
artic
u
lar
ch
aracteristic
obse
r
ve
d
in
t
he
swept
display
.
R
ead
t
he
fre
q
ue
ncy
on
t
h
e
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
Hz
d
ial
.
Fig
.
2-7
.
Ph
ase
r
elatio
ns
h
ips
b
etween
vario
us
OU
T
PU
T
wave-
forms a
nd
t
h
e
TR
IG
OU
T
wavefo
r
m
.
TR
IG
OUT
W
A
VEF
ORM
TR
IA
NG
LE
W
A
VEF
ORM
SI
NE
W
AVE
SQ
UARE
W
A
VE
TR
IG
O
UT
W
A
VEF
ORM
RA
MP
W
A
VEF
O
RM
PULSE
W
A
VEF
O
RM
D
U
TY
CYC
LE
Ο
F
ΤΗΕ
TRIG
O
U
T
W
AVEF
ORM
F
O
LL
O
W
S
THE
D
U
TY
CYC
LE
O
F
THE
O
U
TP
UT
W
A
VEF
O
RM
.
,
7
os-
z τ
~
Fig
.
2-8
.
A
n
alyzi
n
g
ci
r
cu
it
o
r
system
r
es
p
o
n
se
.
Ope
r
ati
n
g
I
n
st
ru
ctio
n
s-
F
G
502
To
n
e-
B
urst
Gene
r
atio
n
o
r
Ste
pp
e
d
F
re
que
n
cy
M
ultiplicatio
n
T
heF
G
502
can
b
e
u
se
d
as
α
to
ne-bu
rst
ge
n
erator
o
r
fre
qu
ency
m
u
lti
p
lie
r
for
ch
ec
k
i
n
g
to
n
e-co
n
t
r
olle
d
d
evices
.
T
h
is
a
pp
licatio
n u
tilizes
α
Pu
lse
Ge
n
erator
(s
uc
h
as
t
he
Te
k
tro
n
ix
P
G
501)
as
α
gati
n
g
sig
n
al
so
urce a
nd
α
R
amp
Ge
n
erator
(s
u
ch as
t
he
Te
k
tro
n
ix
R
G
501)
as α
V
C
F
signal
so
urce
.
T
he
followi
ng
proce
du
re
d
esc
r
i
bes
α
tec
hn
i
que
for
o
b
taining
α
tone-burst
or
fre
q
ue
n
cy
m
ultiplied
output
from
t
h
e
F
G
502
.
R
efer to
t
he
Gate
d
(
Bu
rst)
O
u
tp
u
t
a
nd
t
he
V
oltage-Co
n
tr
olle
d
Fr
eque
n
cy
(V
C
F)
O
u
tput
d
is-
cu
ssio
ns
un
der
O
pe
r
atio
n
fo
r
a
dd
itio
n
al
i
n
formation
.
1
.
Co
nn
ect
t
h
eequ
i
p
me
n
t
as
sh
ow
n
i
n
F
ig
.
2-9
.
2
.
Set
t
he
R
amp
Ge
n
erator
for
t
h
e
d
esire
d
r
am
p
d
uration
an
d
polarity
.
3
.
Ad
ju
st t
he
Pu
lse
Ge
n
erator
pe
r
io
d
for
t
he
d
esired
nu
mber
of
b
u
rsts
with
i
n
th
e
selecte
d
r
am
p du
ratio
n
.
Ad
ju
st
t
he
Pu
lse
Ge
n
erato
r
d
uratio
n
for
t
he
d
esire
dbu
rst
wi
d
t
h
.
Operating
I
n
st
r
uctio
n
s-
F
G
502
V
C
F
IN*
GAT
E
IN*
;
TONE-BURSTOR
ST
EPPE
D
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
O
UT
PU
T
ιι
*
GATI
N
G
PUL
SE
SY
N
C
HR
ON
IZ
E
D
W
IT
HV
C
F
R
A
MP
.
ι
1708-
ΟΘΑ
4
.
Select
t
h
e
swee
p
f
r
eq
uen
cy
range
by a
dj
usti
ng
t
he
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
Hz
dial
for
one
en
d
of
t
he
swe
p
t
r
an
ge
(
up
per or
lowe
r
limit
de
p
en
d
i
n
g
on
t
h
e
pola
r
ity
of
t
h
e
r
amp)
.
T
he
n
ad
ju
st
t
heR
amp
Ge
nerato
r
amplit
ud
e
for
t
h
e
ot
he
r
swe
p
t
fre
qu
en
cy
li
m
it
.
Fig
.
2-9
.
To
ne b
ur
st
gene
r
atio
n
o
r
ste
p
pe
d
f
r
e
qu
en
cy
mu
lt
i
pl
i
cat
i
o
n
.
Ot
h
er to
n
e-
bu
rst
o
r
fre
qu
en
cy
multi
p
lie
d
c
h
ar-
acte
r
istics
can
be
ob
tai
n
ed by
usi
ng d
iffere
n
t
gati
n
g
i
n
p
u
t
waveforms,
i
.e
.,
tria
n
gle,
si
n
e,
s
qu
are,
etc
.
WARNING
THE
FOLLOWING
SERVICING
INSTRUCTIONS
ARE
FOR
USE
BY
QUALIFIED
PERSONNEL
ONLY
.
T
O
AVOID
PERSONAL
INJURY,
DO
NOT
PERFORM
ANY
SERVICING
OTHERTHAN
THAT
CONTAINED
IN
OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONS
UNLESS
YOU
ARE
QUALIFIED
TO
DO
SO
.
Introduction
T
he
t
r
ia
n
gle
wavefo
r
m
is
t
he
b
asic
waveform
i
n
t
h
e
F
G
502
.
The
ram
p
waveforms
a
r
e
tria
ngle
wavefo
r
ms
wit
h
non-equal
runup
a
nd
r
u
n
dow
n
ti
m
es
.
T
h
e
si
ne
wave
is
d
e
r
ived
from
t
h
e
triangle
waveform,
u
si
ng
α
fo ur-ste
p
a
p
p
r
oximatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
qu
are
a
nd
pulse
waveforms
are
ge
ne
r
ate
d
by
t
he
tr
ia
n
gle
ge
n
e
r
ator
co
n
trol
circuitry
.
Refe
r
to
the
simplifie
d
f
loc
k
Diag
r
a
m
a
nd
t
he
ci
r
cu
it
d
iagrams
i
n
t
h
e
pullout
p
ages
of
t
h
is
ma
nu
al,
along
wit
h
t
h
e
followi
n
g
d
isc
u
ssio
n
,
fo
r
α
com
p
lete
u
nd
e
r
sta
nd
i
ng
of
t
he
F
G
502
operatio
n
.
Tria
n
gle
Ge
n
erator
(Diag
r
am
1)
Ope
r
atio
n
al
a
mp
lifier
U
140,
0140,
a
nd
t
he
p
ositive
timi
ng
r
esisto
r
s
for
m
α
p
ositive
co
n
sta
n
t
cu
rrent
sou
rce
.
U
175,
0175,
a
nd
t
he
n
egative
timi
n
g
resisto
r
s
fo
r
m
α
n
egative
co
n
sta
n
t
cu
rre
n
t
so
ur
ce
.
T
h
ese
co
n
sta
n
t
cu
rr
e
n
t
so
u
rces
supply
t
he
c
urr
e
n
t
(eit
h
er p
ositve
o
r
n
egative)
to
ch
arge
t
h
e
timi
ng
ca
p
acitor,
ge
n
erati
n
g
t
h
e
tria
n
gle
wavefo
r
m
.
To
und
e
r
sta
nd
t
heope
r
atio
n
of
t
h
is
circuit,
assu
me
t
he
jun
ction
of
CR
140
a
nd
C
R
170
is
positive
wit
h
r
espect
to
g
r
o
un
d
.
C
R
140
is
off
a
nd
C
R
170
is
con
du
cti
ng
.
CR
175
is
off,
an
d
t
he
ca
p
acito
r
is
c
h
a
r
gi
ngfro
m
t
h
ep
ositive
c
ur rent
sou
r
ce
t
hro
u
g
h
C
R
145
.
Q292
is
off,
a
nd
t
he
j
un
ctio
n
of
C
R
140
an
d
C
R
170
is
h
el
d
at
ap
pr
oximately
5
V
above
gro
und
.
T
h
is is
d
o
n
e
b
y
C
R
300,
CR
304,
C
R
308
a
n
d
CR
312
.
Cu
rr
en
t
to h
ol
d
t
he
ju
nctio
n
of
CR
140
a
nd
C
R
170
p
ositive
is
s
upp
lie
d
by
R155
from
t
he
+17
V
s
upp
ly
.
In
t
h
is
state
C
R
248
is
on,
C
R
245
is
off,
a
nd
t
h
e
voltage
level
at
t
h
e
b
ase
of
Q230A
(
n
ot
co
ndu
cti
n
g)
is
set
b
y
t
he
c
u
r
r
en
t
flowi
n
g
t
hr
o
u
g
hR
245,
C
R
246,
a
nd
R
240
.
T
he
ram
p
,
movi
ng
i
n
αp
ositive
directio
n
,
a
pp
ears
at
t
h
e
b
ase
of
023013
t
hr
ou
g
h
t
h
e
action
of
so
urce
follower
Q200
a
n
d
its
consta
n
t
cu
rre
n
t
sou
r
ce
0202
.
Q204
and
Q210,
compleme
n
ta
ry
emitte
r
followe
r
s,
dr
ive
t
he
AC
com
pe
n-
sate
d
attenuato
r
(
R
T224, C224,
an
d
R220)
.
Wh
e
n
t
he
base
of
Q230
B
(nowco
nd
ucti
n
g)
reachest
he
same
voltage as
t
he
base
of
0230
Α
(0230
Α
a
nd
023013
form
α
com
p
arato
r
)
Q230
B
stops
co
ndu
ctio
n
a
nd
Q230A
t
u
r
ns
on
.
T
h
e
collecto
r
of
Q230A
goes
p
ositive,
t
u
r
n
i
n
g
0292
on
a
nd
Q290
off
.
T
h
e
collector
of
Q292
goes
REV
Β
ΜΑΥ
1980
T
HE
O
R
Y
O
F
O
PER
ATIO
N
Sectio
n
3-
F
G
502
n
egative,
limite
d
to
a
b
o
u
t
-5
V
by
d
iodes
C
R
302,
C
R
306,
C
R
310
a
nd
C
R
314
.
T
h
is
act
i
on
tur
n
s
d
io
d
es
CR
248
a
nd
C
R
246
off,
setti
n
g
t
he
level
at
t
h
e
base
of
6230
Α
slig
h
tly
below
g
r
o
und
.
T
h
e
negative voltage
at
t
he
jun
ction
of
C
R
140
and
C
R
170
t
urns
C
R
175
on
a
nd
C
R
170
a
nd
C
R
145
off
.
T
h
is
action
d
isco
nn
ects
t
he
p
ositive
cu
rre
n
t
source
f r
om
t
h
e
timi
ng
ca
p
acitor
a
n
d
con
n
ects
t
he
n
egative
c
u
r r
ent
so
u
rce
t
hro
ug
h
C
R
175,
ca
u
si
n
g
t
he
r
am
p
to
go
in
t
he
n
egative
d
i
r
ectio
n
.
T
h
e
act
i
o
n
co
n
tin
ues
un
til
023013
is
t
u
r
n
ed
on
(
by
t
he n
egative
ram
p
at
its
b
ase)
a
nd
t
he
cycle
is
r
epeate
d
.
R250
sets
t
hevoltage
at
t
h
eb
ase
of
0230
Α
a
nd
t
h
ere
by
t
he
DC
level
of
t
he
triangle
waveform
.
T
he
fre
qu
en
cy
of
t
h
e
tria
ngle
wavefo
r
m
is
co
n
t r
olle
d
by
two
factors
:
(1)
t
he
val
ue
of
t
he
timi
n
g
ca
p
acito
r
,
and
(2)
t
he
amou
n
t
of
cu
rr
e
n
t
available
to
ch
arge
It
.
T
he
curre
n
t
is
va
r
ie
dby
ch
an
ging
t
h
e
val
u
e
of
t
h
e
ti
m
ing
resisto
r
s
(t
h
e
la
r
ger
t
h
e
val
ue
of
t
he
timi
n
g
r
esisto
r
sa
n
d
capacito
r
s,
t
he
slowe
r
t
he
r
ate
of
rise),
a
nd
t
h
e
voltage
ac
r
oss
t
he
timi
ng
resisto
r
s
.
T
hevoltageacross
t
he
timi
ng
r
esistors
is
essen
tially
t
he
voltage
at
pi
n
3
of
operatio
n
al
am
p
lif
i
er
U
140
in
t
he
p
ositive
cur
rent
sou
r
ce,
a
nd
U
175
i
n
t
he
negative
c
urr
e
n
t
so
u
rce
.
T
he voltage
at
pin 3 of
U
140
is
co
n
t
r
olle
dby
su
m
mi
n
g
am
p
lifie
r
U
135
.
T
h
e
voltage
at
p
i
n3
of
U
175
is
co
n
trolle
d
by
summi
n
ga
mp
lifie
r
U
170
.
I
np
ut
voltage to
t
h
ese
summi
ng
am
p
lifie
r
s
is
co
n
t
r
olle
d by
t
he
FRE-
Q
UEN
CY
Ητ
d
ίαΙ
t
h
ro
ug
h
U
100,
o
r
t
h
e
voltage
at
t
h
e
V
C
F
IN
fro
n
t
p
a
n
el
co
nn
ector
.
Wh
e
n
t
h
e
voltage
at
pi
n 3
-of
U
100
goes
mo
r
e
pos
i
tive
b
y
increasing
t
h
e
F
R
E
Q
UEN
CY
H
z
d
ial
setti
n
g,
or
t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
V
C
F IN
i
np
ut,
t
h
e
voltage
at
p
i
n6
of
U
140
goes
negative
a
nd
pin
6
of
U175
positive
.
T
h
is
actio
n
inc
r
eases
t
he voltage ac
r
oss
t
he
timi
n
g
resistors
.
T
he
values
of
t
he
timi
ng
r
esistors
a
nd
timi
ng
capacitor
a
r
e
selecte
d
by
t
he
f
r
o
n
t
p
a
n
el
MUL
TI
PL
I
ER
switc
h
.
R170
im
p
roves
low
f
r
eq
uency
symmet
r
y
b
y
co
m
-
pe
n
sati
n
g
for
b
ias
c
ur
re
n
ts
i
n
t
he
operatio
n
al
a
mp
lifiers
w
h
en
operati
n
g
at
low
levels
.
V
oltage
le
v
els
t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
is
ci
r
cu
it
a
r
e0
to
abo
u
t
+10
V
at
t
h
e
i
npu
t
of
U
100
.
T
h
is is
tra
n
slate
d
at
a
b
o
u
t
+7
V
to
+17
V
at pi
n6
of
U
135
.
During
non-gated
o
p
eration,
t
h
e
base
of
Q332
is
two
d
io
de
dr
ops
above
g
r
o
und
.
0332
is
off
a
nd
Q330
is
cond
u
cti
ng
.
Q325
is
on
a
nd
Q315
off,
b
ac
k
b
iasi
n
g
CR
315
a
nd
allowing
no
r
mal
o
pe
r
atio
n
of
t
h
e
tria
ngle
ge
n
erator
.
Wh
e
n
t
he
p
ro
pe
r
level
gating
sig
n
al
is
applied
tot
hef
r
o
n
t
pa
n
el
GAT
E
IN
conn
ector
,
t
h
e
base
of
Q332
alte
rn
ates
wit
h
t
he
gati
ng
sig
n
al
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
gati
n
g
sig
n
al is
low
(gro
und
pote
n
tial)
Q332
co
ndu
cts
.
T
h
is
actio
n
ca
u
ses
co
ndu
ctio
n
in
Q315
a
nd
fo
r
war
db
iases
C
R
315
.
T
h
is
locks
t
h
e
ju
nctio
n
of
CR
140
an
d
C
R
170
at
t
he
level
set
b
y
R155,
T
h
eo
r
y
of
O
p
e
r
ation-
F
G
502
causi
n
g
t
h
ese
d
iodes
to
con
du
ct
t
h
e
timing
capacitor
c
h
argi
n
g
curre
n
t
to
grou
nd
th
ro
u
g
h
Q315
.
O
p
e
r
atio
n
of
t
h
e
tria
n
gle
ge
n
e
r
ator
is
i
nh
ibite
d
b
y
t
h
is
actio
n
.
Wh
e
n
t
h
e
gati
n
g
signal
goes
positive,
C
R
315
is
bac
k
biase
d
an
d
th
e
ge
n
erato
r
f
un
ctio
n
s n
ormally
.
R
am
p
wavefo
r
ms
are
ge
n
e
r
ate
d
by
c
h
a
n
gi n
g
t
h
e
value
of either
the
positive
or
n
egative timing
r
esistor
to
create
different
rise
and
fall
times
.
The
square
wave
that
controls
charging
of
the
timing
capacitor
is
picked
off
at
the
collector
of
Q290
and
operates the
trigger
o
ut
amplifier
.
The
impedance
looking
into
the
emitter
of
Q268
is
about
51
Ω
.
T
he
same
waveform
operates
the
isolation
diode
bridge
CR260,
CR262,CR264,
and
C
R266
.
The
output
from
this
bridge
is
the
square
or
pulse
waveforms
.
The
triangle
waveform
(to
the output
amplifier
a
nd
sine
shaper)
is
taken
from
the
emitter
of
Q210
.
Sine
Shaper
(Diagram
2)
T
his
circuitry
d
erives
α four
step
a
pproximation
of
α
sine
wave
from
the
triangle
waveform
b
y
use
of
α
diode
ladder
configuration
.
This
circuit
consists
of
four
bridges
.
All
i
nputs
tot
h
ese
bridges
are
connected
to
R
350,
and
all
outputs are
connected
to
their
common
load
resistor
R
395
.
E
ach
bridge
.
i
s supplied
by
current
from
the
+17
V
a
nd
-17
V
supplies
through
different
value
resistors,
R
358,
R
368,
R
378,
R
388andtheirequal
value
complemen-
tary
r
esistors
in
t
he
n
egative
supply
leads
.
As
the
triangle
waveform
increases
in
voltage,
each
b
ridge
reaches
α
c
urrent
limit
whereby
it
can
no
longer
i
ncrease
current
through
load
resistor
R
395
.
These
current
limits
are
set
by
R
382,
R
384,
R
388,
in
one
bridge
and
similar
r
esistances
for
the
other bridges
.
R
350
and
R250
are set
for
minimum
sine
wave
distortion
.
Sine
W
ave
B
uffer
T
his
circuit
operates
as
an
inverting
operational
amplifier,
with
α
gain
of
about
four
.
The
sine
wave
output
from
the
shaper
is
fed to the
base
of
Q400
.
Α
n
egative-
going
signal at
the b
ase
of
Q400
causes
its
collector
to
go
p
ositive
and
the
collector
of
Q410
n
egative
.
The
collectors
of
0420
and
Q430
respond
in
the opposite p
olarity
.
Q440
inverts
the
waveform
at
the
collector
of
Q420,
and
t
he
bases
of
Q442
and
0444
are d
riven
in
phase
.
Output
and
n
egative
feedback
a
re
taken
from
the
j
unctions
of
R
442
and
R
444
.
R
450
in
t
he
n
egative
feedback
loop
sets
the
DC
gain
and
C450
sets
the
AC
gain
.
Out
p
ut
Amplifier
(Diagram
3)
T
his
circuit
operates as
an
inverting
operational
amplifier
.
The
selected
waveform
is
applied
to
the
base
of
Q480
through
A
MPLITUDE
control
R
465
.
Q480
and
Q490
operate as
an
emitter-coupled
amplifier
.
The
collector
of
Q480
drives
the
base
of
0500
.
The
b
ase
of
0515
is
d
riven
by
the
collector
of
Q500
.
The
collector
of
Q490
d
rives
the
3-
2
b
ase
of
Q506
.
T
h
e
p
ola
r
ities
a
r
e
s
u
c
h
th
at
th
e
collecto
r
s
of
Q515
a
n
d
Q506move
in
ph
ase
.
T
h
eir
collectors
d
r
ive
th
e
o
u
tp
ut
stage
(Q530,
Q532,0540,
a
n
d
0542)
.
T
h
e
b
y
p
ass-
ed
resisto
r
s
i
n th
e
emitter
ci
r
c
u
it
of
th
e
o
ut
pu
t
tra
n
sistors
limit
t
h
eo
u
tp
ut
c
ur
re
nt
.
R
550,
R
552,
R
555,a
n
d
R
556
provide
α
b
ac
k
termi
nation
of
50
Ω
.
N
egative
feedbac
k is
ta
k
e
n
from
t
h
e
jun
ction
of
th
ec
ur
re
nt
limiti
n
g
resistors
i
n
t
he
output stage
.
R
566,
in
t
he
feedback
loop,
sets
the
DC
gain
w
hile
C566
and
C568,
adjust
the
AC
gain
.
R
475,
the
OFFSET
control,
p
laces
an
adjustable
DC
bias
on
the
input
of
the
amplifier
to
change
the
amplifier
output
level
.
P
ower
Supplies
(Diagram
4)
Diode
bridge
CR600
r
ectifies
25
V
AC
from
the
power
module
.
The
full
wave
rectified
DC
is
filtered
by
C602
and
a
pplied
as
r
egulated
+20
V
DC
to
the
circuitry
in
t
he
F
G
502
through
t
he
series
p
ass
transistor
located
i
n
t
he
p
ower
module
.
VR610
sets
the
voltage
at
p
in
3
of
U
615
.
U
615
has α
gai
η
of
approximately
three
.
The
output
at
p
in
6
therefore,
is
about
20
V
.
E
mitter
follower
Q620
drives
the
b
ase
of
the
series
pass
transistor
.
Should
t
he+20
V
load
increase, pin
2
of
U
615
(through
R623
and
R625)
goes
n
egative
.
This
causes
p
in
6
to
go
p
ositive,
increasing
current
flow
and
restoring
the
+20
V
to
its
previous
level
.
Should
t
he
current
drawn
increase
so the
voltage
across
R
632
is
sufficient
to
turn
0622
on,
current
limiting
occurs
.
0620
reduces
conducting, reducing
the
current
through
t
he
series
pass
transistor
to
α
safe
level
.
CR632
p
rotects
the
+20
V
supply,
if it
should
s
hort
to
the
m
inus
supply
.
U
664
is
an
operational
amplifier
with
α
gain
of
about
one
.
The
r
eference
voltage
is
the
+20
V
a
pplied
t
hrough
α
divider
at
pin
2
.
The
output
at
p
in
6
(-20
V)
drives
emitter
follower
0662
.
Q662
drives
the
series
p
ass
transistor
located
i
n
t
he
p
ower
module
.
Current
limiting
takes p
lace
when
current
through
R655
turns
Q660
on
.
F
eedback
occurs
through
R678
.
The
action
of this
circuit
is
similar
to
the
+20
V
regulator
.
CR655
protects
this
supply should
α
s
hort
occur
to
-20
V
.
The
+17
V
is
referenced
to
the
+20
V
.
U
635, with
α
gain
of
about
one, controls
0635,
the
series
p
ass
transistor
for
this
supply
.
F
eedback
occurs
at
pin
2
of
U
635
.
Current
limiting
in
the
+20
V
supply
p
rotects
this
circuit
.
The
-17
V
supply
is
compared
to
the
+17
V
at
p
in
2
of
U
650
.
The
gain
of
U
650
is
about
one
.
Q650
serves
as
the
series
p
ass
transistor
for
t
his
supply
.
F
eedback
occurs
through
R640
.
Current
limit
for
this
supply
is
the
-20
V
s
upply
current
limiting
.
The
r
egulation
of
the
+17
V
and
-17
V
s
upplies
is
similar
to
that
in
the 20
V
supplies
.
REV
C
ΜΑΥ
1980
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