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ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ιι
ι
Ι
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
1
1
1
1
1
Te
k
tronix,
Inc
.
Ρ
.
Ο
.
Box500
Beaverton,
O
r
egon
97077
ι
ο 7
α
-
ιο
47-
οο
I
N
ST
R
UCTIO
N
M
A
NU
A
L
Serial
Number
F
irst
P
ri
n ting
JUNE
1975
WARRANTY
All
TEKTRONIX
instruments
are
w
arrantedagainst
detectivematerials
and
wor
km
an
shi
p
for
one
y
ear
.
A
ny
q
u
estions
w
ith
r
espect
to'
the
w
arra
n
t
y
s
h
o
u
ld
betaken
up
with
your
TEKTRONIX
Field
En
gi
neer
-
or
representative
.
All re
qu
ests
for
repairs
and
replacement
parts
sh
o
u
ld
b
e
directed
to
the
TEKTRONIX
F
iel
d
Office
or
representative
in
your
area
.
This
ωίΗ
assu
re
you
t
h
e
fastest
possible
service
.
P
lease
include
instrument
Type
N
u
mber
o
r
P
art
Number
and
Ser
Number
w
ith all
re
qu
estsfo
r
parts
or
ser
u
ί
r
e
.
Specifications
and
price
change
privileges
reserved
.
Co
p
yrig
h
t ,
1975
by
Te
k
tro
n
ix,
Inc
.,
B
eaverto
n
,
Oregon
.
P
rinte
d
i
n
t
he
U
n
ited
States
of
A
m
erica
.
All
rig
h
ts
reserved
.
Contents
of
t
h
is
p
ublicatio
n
m
ay
not
be
re
p
roduce
d
i
n
any
fo
r
m
w
it
hou
t
p
er
m
ission
of
Te
k
troni
x
,
Inc
.
U
.S
.A
.
and
foreig
n
T
E
K
T
R
ON
IX
products
co
vered
by
U
.S
.
a
nd
foreig
n
paten
ts
and/or
pate
n
ts
pe
ndi
n
g
.
T
EK
TR
ON
IX
is
α
registere
d
trademar
k
of
Tektronix,
Inc
.
ι
10
ι
ι
TA
BLE O
F
CO
N
T
ENTS
P
AG
Ε
P
AG
Ε
LIST
O
F
ILLUSTRATIONS
i
S
E
CTIO
N
2
T
HE
O
R
YO
F
O
PER
ATIO
N
L
IST
O
F
TA
BLE
S
i
BL
OC
K
DIAG
R
A
M
DE
SC
R
I
P
TIO
N
2-1
S
E
CTIO
N
1
O
PER
ATI
NG
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
S
CI
R
CU
IT
O
PER
ATIO
N
2-2
PREP
A
R
ATIO
N
F
O
RU
SE
1-1
PRE
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
2-2
CO
N
T
R
O
L
S,
CO
NNECTO
R
S,
A
ND
1-1
OU
T
PU
T
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
S
2-3
I
N
DICATO
RS
RE
ADO
U
T
2-5
B
ASIC
O
PER
ATIO
N
1-3
P
re
p
aration
1-3
S
E
CTIO
N
3
REPL
AC
E
A
BLE
ELE
CT
R
ICA
L P
A
R
TS
Ste
p
Attenuator
B
alance
Ad
j
ustme
n
t
1-3
Gain
C
h
ec
k
1-4
S
E
CTIO
N
4S
ERV
ICE
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
D
E
TAI
LE
D
O
PER
ATI
N
G
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
1-4
S
ERV
IC
ES
A
V
AI
L
A
BLE
4-1
Applying
Signals
1-4
M
AI
N
T
EN
A
NC
E
4-1
P
re-C
h
arging
1-4
Circ
u
it
B
oar
d
R
emoval
4-1
Sig
n
al
In
p
ut
Connectors
1-4
AD
JU
ST
MEN
TS
A
F
T
ER
REP
AI
R
4-1
H
ig
h Im ped
ance
In
p
u
t
1-5
DIAG
R
AM
S
4-2
Dis
p
lay
P
olarity
1-5
BL
OC
K
DIAG
R
A
M
Deflection
F
actor
1-5
AD
JU
ST
MEN
T
PR
OC
E
D
URE
V
oltage
Comparison
M
eas
urements
1-5
P
A
R
T
L
OCATIO
N
S
A
N
D
DIAG
R
AM
S
Diffe
r
en
tial
O
p
eration
1-5
V
oltage
Pr
obes
1-6
S
E
CTIO
N
5
REPL
AC
E
A
BLE
ME
CH
AN
ICA
LP
AR
TS
Differential
M
easurements
1-6
S
PE
CI
F
ICATIO
N
S
1-7
C
H
A
N
G
E
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
LIST
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG
URE
FIG
URE
NO
.
P
AG
E
NO
.
1-1
5
Α
26 Du
al
Differential
Am
p
lifier
.
ii
4-3
A
dju
stment
locations
.
1-2
Front-panel
cont
r
ols,
conn
ectors
an
d
1-2
4-4
Α
1,
A2-Channel
1
an
d 2
Pr
eam
p
lifier
circuit
i
nd
icators
.
b
oar
d
component
an
d
test
p
oint
locations
.
1-3
Dimensions
.
1-9
4-5
Α
2,
A2-Channel
1 a
nd 2 P
reamplifier
circuit
2-1
F
loating
P
ower
Su pp
ly
d
etaile
d
bloc
k
2-4
boar
d
locatio
n
s .
d
iagram
s
h
owing
sta
n
d
i
ng
cu
r
re
n
t
p
at
h
s
4-6
A3-Main
circuit
boa
r
d
com
po
n
e
n t a
n
d
test
t
hrough
t
he P
ream
p
lifie
r
.
p
oint
locatio
n
s
.
T
he
ill
u
strations
in
Section
4
are
locate
d on
fol
dout
pages
4-7
A3-Main
ci
r c
u
it
b
oar
d
locatio
n
.
at
t
h
e
back
of
the
ma
n
ual
.
4-8
A3-Main
circ
u
it
b
oar
d
component
locations
.
4
4-9
A3-Main
circuit
board
location
.
-1
Circ
u
it
b
oar
d
locations
.
4-2
Common-mode
re
j
ectio
n
(cm
r )
display
.
L
IST
O
F
TA
BLE
S
TA
BLE
NO
.
P
AG
Ε
1-1
E
lectrical
Sp
ecifications
1-7
1-2
E
nvironmental
S
p
ecifications
1-8
1-3
Ph
ysical
Specifications
1-8
5
Α
26
Fig
.
1-1
.
5
Α
26
Dual
Differential
Amplifier
.
ι
ι
ι
ι
T
h e
5
Α
26
Dual
Differe
n
tial
Am
p
lifier
is
α
d
ual-trace
h
ig
h
-gain
d
ifferential
amplifier
plug-in
for
u
se
wit
hTe
k
tronix
5000
Series
Oscilloscopes
.
T
h
e
unit
contains
two
i
d
entical
in
d
e
p
en
dent
am
p
lifier
chann
els
t
h
at
feature
h
ig
h
sensitivity
an
d
α
h
ig
h
common-
mo
d
e re
j
ectio
n
ratio
.
E
ach c
h
a
n
nel
h
as
α
ban
dwid
t
h
capability
of
do
to
1
mega
h
ertz,
an
d α
front-
p
a n el
pu
s
h button switch
allows
t h e
re
d uction of
t
h
e
up
p
er
b
an
d
widt
h
limit,
t
hu
s
increasing
t
h
e
signal-to-
n
oise
ratio
for
low
freq
u
ency
applications
.
E
it
h
er
chann
el
may
be
used
for
single
c
h
annel
d
isplays,
or
electronically
switche
d
to p
ro
d uce
dual-trace
dis
p
lays
.
An
ill
u
minate
d k
no
b sk
irt
provi
d
es
α
d
eflectio
n factor
rea
dout,
w
h
ic h
is
also
d
isplayed
on
t
h
e
crt
w
h
en used
i
n an
oscillosco
p
e
with
rea
dou
t
cap
abilities
.
PREP
A
R
ATIO
N
F
OR
US
E
4
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
Switc
h
es-
V
olts
per
ma
j
or
graticule
Ο
d
ivisio
n
.
Selects
calibrate
dd
eflection
factors
from
'
T
he
5
Α
26
is
cali
b
rate
d
an
d
ready
for
use
w
h
en
receive
d
.
50
microvolts/
d
ivision
to
5
volts/division
;
16
steps
in
T
he unit
may
be
installed
in
any
p
l
u
g-in
com
p
artment
.
R
e-
α
1-2-5
se
q
uence
.
Kn
ob
s
k
irt is
illuminate
d
to
in
d
i-
fer
to
t
he oscilloscope
instruction
man
u
al
for
information
cate d
eflection
factor,
and
10
Χ
scaling
of
bot
h k
no
b
on
Χ
-
Υ
operation
.
To
install,
align
t
he u
pp
er
an
d
lower
s
k
irt
and
crt rea
d
out
is
provi
de
d
automatically
w
h
en
grooves
of
t
h
e
5
Α
26
with
t
he
plug-in
compartment
trac
k
s,
α
10
Χ
co
d
e
d p
robe
is
used
.
an
d
fully
i
n
sert
t
he 5
Α
26
u
n
til
it
loc
k
s
i
nto place
.
To
re-
move,
pull
t h e
release
latc
h
to
disengage
t
h
e
5
Α
26
from
t
he
'
~
oscillosco
p
e
.
CA
L
(
V
aria
b
le
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
)
Controls-
P
rovi
d
es
υη
-
calibrated
continuously
varia
b
le
d
eflection
factors
between
t
he
cali
b
rate
d
settings
of
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
CO
N
T
R
O
L
S,
CO
NNE
CTO
R
S,
A
N
D
I
N
DICATO
R
S
switc
h
and
exten
d
s
t
h
e
d
eflection-factor
range
to
12
.5
volts/
d
ivision
.
T
h e
following
descri
b
es
t
h
e
f
u
nction
of
t
h
e
front-
p
anel
controls,
con
n
ectors,
an
d
indicators
.
R
efer
to
F
ig
.
1-2
for
t
he
locatio
n of
t
h
e
co
n
trols,
con
necto
r
s
and
in
d
icators
.
M
ore
information
is
given
u
nder
Detaile
d
O
p
erating
Information
.
DIS
PL
AY
P
ush
B
utton-Applies
and
removes
logic
levels
to
t
he oscilloscope
system
to
enable
or d
isa
b
le
p
lug-in
o peration
.
Switc
h
is
functional
on
ly
w
hen
p
l
u
g-in
is
op
erate
d
in
one
of
t
he
vertical
d
eflectio
n
p
l
u
g-in
compartments
.
Ο
2
P
OS
Co
n
trols-
P
ositions
d
is
p
lay
vertically
.
ι
BW
L
I
M
IT Pu
s
h
B
uttons-Allows
re
du
ction of
t
he
upper b
andwi
d
t
h
limit
to
increase
t
h
e
signal-to-noise
ratio
for
low-frequency
applications
.
Selects
upp
er
ban
dwi
d
t
h
limit
at
eit
h
er
1
mega
h
ertz
(
bu
tton
o
u
t)
or
10
k
ilo
h
ertz
(
bu
tton
in)
.
O
PER
ATI
N
G
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
S
Section
1-5
Α
26
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
Ad
j
ustments-
B
ala
n
ces
t
h
e
in
p
ut
am
p
lifier
for
minimum
trace
s
h
ift
t
hrou
g
h
o
u
t t
h
e
d
eflection
factor
gain-switc
h
ing
ra
n
ge
.
Input
Coup
li
n
g
P
ush B
uttons
AC-O
U
T:DC
.
B
utton
pus
h
e
d
in
selects
cap
acitive
coupling
of
signal
app
lie
d
to
associate
d
+
or
-
inp
u
t
connecto
r
;
button out
selects
d
irect
couplin
g
of inp
u
t
sig
n
al
.
GND
.
Grou
n
d
s t
he preamplifier
in
p
ut
an
d
connects
input
signal
to
groun
d
t
hroug
h
α
1
mego
h
m
resistor
.
PRE
CH
G
.
B
ot
h
AC
and
GN
D
b
uttons
pus
hed
in
p
ermits
p
rec
h
arging of
t
h
e
cou
p
ling
cap
acitor
to
t
h
e
input
sig
n
al
d
o
level
.
R
elease
GN
D
button
fo
r
measurement
.
M
OD
EP
ush
B
utton
s-Select
c
h
annel to
b
e d
is
played
an
d
illumi
n
ate
t
h
e
p
ro
p
er
d
eflection
factor
setting
(1
Χ
or
10
Χ
)
on
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h k
no
b sk
irt
.
B
oth buttons
pus
hed
i
n
provides
α
du
al-trace
d
isplay
.
Operating
Instructions-5A26
r
ο
Fig
.
1-
2
.
Front-panel
controls,
connectors,
and
indicators
.
Operating
Instructions-5A26
ι
ι
AC
O
UT
:
DC
(b
utton out)
+
an
d
-
In
p
u
t
Connectors-
BN
C
connectors
for
app
li-
cation of
external
voltage
signals
.
Connector
labele
d
GN
D
GND
(
bu
tton
in)
+
indicates
t
h
at
α
p
ositive-going
signal
will
cause
upwar
d
d
eflectio
n
;
connector
la
b
ele
d
-
indicates
t
h
at
M
OD
E
CH
1
an
d
CH
2
α
positive-going
sig
n
al
will
cause
downwar
d d
eflectio
n
.
(
b
uttons
in)
Con
nectors
inclu
de
co
d
e
d
-
p
rob
e
input
rings
for
activating
t
h
e
rea
d
ou
t
w
hen
using
readout-co
d
e
d
p
robes
.
d
.
A
d
j
ust
intensity
control for
normal
viewing
.
Traces
s h
oul
d
a
pp
ear
near
gratic
u
le
center
.
B
ASIC
O
PER
ATIO
N
e
.
Set
t
he
VO
L
TS/D
Ι
V
switc
h
es
to
.1
.
If
traces
s
h
ift,
Preparation
a
d
ju
st
t
he
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
control
as
d
escri
bed
in
'
T
h e
following
procedures
are
i
n
te
nded to
h
el
p p
lace
t
h
e
trace
on
t
h
e
sc
r
ee
n
q
uic
k ly
and
prepare
t
he
instrument
for
immediate
use
:
'
α
.
I
n
sert
5
Α
26
all t
he
way
into
oscillosco
p
e
plug-in
com
p
artment
.
ι
T
R
IGG
ER
Push
Bu
tton-Selects
time
base
triggeri
n
g
signal
from
eit
h
er
channel
.
b
.
Turn
oscilloscope Intensity
control to
mi
d
ra n
ge
an
d
t
u
rn
oscilloscope
syste
m
p
ower
on
.
P
reset
time-b
ase
an
d
triggering
controls for 2
millisecon
d
/
d
ivision
sweep
rate
10
and
a
u
tomatic
triggeri
ng
.
c
.
Set 5
Α
26
front-
pan
el
controls
as
follows
:
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
DIS
PL
AY
ON
(butto
n
in)
T
RIGG
ER
OU
T
:
CH
1
(b
u
tto
n
out)
P
OS
M
i
d
ra
nge
BW
L
I
M
IT
OU
T
: 1
MHz
(b
utton
o
u
t)
V
O
L
TS/D
1
V
5
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
M
i
d
ra
nge
C
H
1
an
d CH2
+
Input
Cou
p
li
n
g
CH
1
an
d
C
H
2
-
In
p
ut
Coupling
Step
Attenuator
B
alance
A
dju
stment
proce
dure
.
f
.
M
ove
CH
1
trace
2 d
ivisions
b
elow
graticule
h
orizontal
centerline,
and
C
H
2
trace
to b
ottom
of
graticule
wit
h
P
OS
controls
.
g
.
Apply400
millivolt
pea
k
-to-
p
ea
k
signal
fro
m
oscillo-
scope
cali
b
rator
loop
wit
h α
test
lea
d or
1
Χ
p
ro
be
to
CH
1
+
in
p
ut
connector
.
h
.
R
elease
CH
1
+
GND
b
utton
.
Disp
lay
will
be
α
s
qu
a r
e
wave
4
d
ivisions
in
amplitude
with
bottom
of d
is
p
lay
at
refere
n
ce esta
b
lis
hed
in
step
(f)
.
i
.
P
osition
b
ottom
of
s
q uare
wave
to
graticule
h
orizontal
centerline
.
j
.
Pu
s
h
in
C
H
1
+
AC
button an
d
note
t h at
display
s
h
ifts
d
ownwar
d 2
divisio
n
s .
k
.
Disconnect
test
lead
from
CH
1
+
in
put an d connect
to
C
H
2
+
in
pu
t
.
Ι .
P
ush
in
T
RIGG
ER
butto
n
for
CH
2
triggering
an
d
repeat
ste
p
s
(f) t
h
ro
ug
h
(j)
for
CH2
operation
.
AC
OU
T
:
DC
(button
Ste
p
Attenuator
B
alance
A
d
j
ustment
Out)
Wh
en
t
h
e
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
control
is
not
properly
a
dj
ust-
ed
,
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
will
s
h
ift
vertically
(
d
ue
to
α
do
imbala
nce
i
n
GND
G
ND
(
button
in)
t
he
am
p
lifier)
as
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
is
rotate
d
t
h
ro
ugh
-
out
its
range
.
T
he
s
h
ift
is
more
noticeable
on
t
he
most
sensitive
positio
n
s
.
Op
erating
Instructions-5A26
α
.
Set
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch to 5
.
Ground
bot
h
+
an
d
-
b
.
Wait
about
1
second
for
coupling
ca
p
acitor
to c
h
arge
.
inputs
(G
N
D
bu
ttons
pu
s
h
e
d
in)
and p
osition
trace
to
graticule
h
orizontal centerline
.
c
.
R
elease
GND
bu
tton
a n
d ac
com
p
onent
can
b
e
meas
u
re
d
in
usual
manner
.
b
.
A
dj
ust
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L control
for
minim
u
m
trace
s
h
ift
as
VOL
TS/DI
V
switch
is
rotate
d
t
h
rou
g
ho u
t
its
range
.
Signal
In
p
ut
Connectors
Wh
en
connecting
signals
to
t
h
e
+
an
d
-
in
p
ut
connectors
on
t
h
e
5
Α
26,
consi
d
er
t
h
e
met
h
od
of co
up
ling
that
will
be
,
Gain
C
heck
u
se
d
.
Sometimes
un
s
h
iel
d
e
d
test
leads
can
b
e
u
se
d to
Wh
en
t
h
e
5
Α
26
is
first
inserte
d into
α
p
lug-in
com
p
artment,
connect
t
h
e
5
Α
26
to α
signal
sou
rce,
p
artic
u
larly
w
h
e
n
α
t
h
e
amplifier
gain
may
be
c
hec
k
e
d
an
d
ad
j
usted
if
necessary
.
h
ig
h
level,
low-frequency
signal
is
monitore
d
at
α
low
i
m
-
See
A
d
ju
stment
Proce
d
ure
in
Section
4
of
t
h
is
manual
for
p
ed
ance
p
oint
.
H
owever,
w
h
en
any
of
t h
ese
factors
are
com
p
lete
i
n
structions
.
missing,
it
becomes
i
n
creasingly
important
to use
s
h
iel
d
ed
signal
ca
b
les
.
In
all
cases,
t
he
signal-trans
p
orting
lea
d
s
s h
ou
l
d
be
k
e
p
t
as
s
hort
as
practical
.
D
E
TAI
LE
DO
PER
ATING
I
NFO
RM
ATIO
N
Applying
Signals
Wh
en
ma
k
ing
si
n
gle-e
n
ded
i
np
ut
measurements
(conve
n
tio
n
al
amplifier operation), b
e
sure
to
establis
h
α
common
groun
d
con
nection
between
t
h e
d
evice
un
d
er test
an
d
t
he
5
Α
26
.
T
h e
s
h
iel
d of α
coaxial
cable
is
normally
u
se
d
for
t h
is
pur
pose
.
ι
ι
If
t
h
e
maxim
u
m
input
voltage
rating
at
t
he gates
of
t
h
e
input
FE
T's
is
exceeded,
t
he
gates
a
r
e
In
some
cases,
d
ifferential
meas
u
rements
re
q
uire
no
common
clampe
d
at
about
+
or
-
10
volts
.
If
t
h
e
signal
ground
connection,
a
n
d
t
h
erefore
are
less s
u
sce
p
tible
to
sou
r
ce
can
supply
m
ore
t
ha
n
1/16
ampere,
t
he
interference
by
ground-loop
currents
.
Some
pro
b
lems
wit
h
input
protective
fuse(s)
will
o
p
e
n
.
stray
magnetic
co
u
pling
into
t
h
e
signal
transporting
leads
can
also
be
minimize
d
by
u
sing
α
d
ifferential
rat
h
er
t
h
an
α
single-en
d
e
d
measurement
.
T
h
ese
consi
d
eratio
n
s
are
d
is
Wh
en meas
u
ring
unk
now
n
voltages,
use
t
he h
ig
h
est
deflection
cu
sse
d
later
in
this
sectio
n
under
Differential
O
p
eration
.
factor
first
.
If
t
he deflection
is
too
small
to
ma
ke
t
he
meas
u
rement,
switch to
α
lower
deflectio
n
factor
.
It is
always
im
portant to
consi
der
t h e
signal so
urce
loa
d
ing
(an
d
res
u
lting
ch
ange
in t
he
source
operating
c
h
aracteristics)
'
P
re-C
h
arging
d
u
e to
t
he
signal-trans
p
orting
lea
d
s
an
d
t
he inp
u
t
circ
u
it
of
Wh
en
only
t
he ac
com
p
onent
of
α
signal
having
bot
h
ac
and
t
h e
5
Α
26
.
T
h
e
circuit
at
t
he
in
pu
t
connectors
can
normally
d
o
components
is
to
b
e
measured,
t
h
e
p
re-c
h
arge
circ
u
it
b
e
re
p
rese
n
te
d
by
α
1
mego
h
m
resistance
to
ground
p
arallel-
permits
c
h
arging
t
he
co
u
p
ling
ca
p
acitor
to
t
h
e
inpu
t
signal
ed
by
about
47
p
icofarads
.
Α
few
feet
of
s
h
iel
ded
ca
b
le
,
d
o
level
.
(20
to
40
p
icofara
d
s
p
er
foot)
may
increase
t
h
e
p
arallel
capacitance
to
100
picofarads
or
more
. I
n
ma
ny
cases,
t
h
e
effects
of
t
h
ese
resistive
and cap
acitive
loa
d
s
may
be
too
great
and
it
may
be
desira
b
le
to
minimize
t
h
em
t
h
roug
h
t
h
e
,
CAUTION
use
of
an
attenuator
pro
be
.
If
t
h
e
5
Α
26
input
is
connected
to
α
large
d
o
voltage
sour
ce
(10
volts
pea
k or
mo
r
e),
use
t
he
p
rech
arge
provision
.
Damage
to
t
h
e
signal
Attenuator
probes
not
only
decrease
t
he
resistive-ca
p
acitive
so
u
rce
could
r
esult
since
t
he
pea
k
current
loa
d
ing
of
α
signal
source,
but
also
exten
d
t
he
measureme
n
t
t
hro
u
gh
t
h
e
ac
coupling
capacitor
and
t
he
range of
t
h
e
5
Α
26
to
inclu
d
e
substantially
h
ig
h
er
voltages
.
input
protection
circuitry
is
limited
only
by
Passive
atten
u
ator
p
rob
es
h
avi
n
g
attenuation
factors of
10
Χ
,
,
t
he
signal
source
internal
resistance
.
100
Χ
,
and
1000Χ
,
as
well
as
oth
er
s
p
ecial-
pu
r
pose
types,
are
available
t
h
roug
h
your
Te
ktronix
F
ield
E
ngineer
or
F
iel
d Office
.
α
.
B
efore
co
n
necting
5
Α
26
to
α
signal
contai
n
ing
α
d
o
com
p
one
n
t,
p
us
h
in
AC
and
G
N
D
b
uttons
.
T
h
en
connect
Some
measureme
n
t
situations
re
q
uire
an
extremely
h
ig
h
inpu
t
to
circ
u
it
u
nd
er test
.
resistance
in
pu
t
to
t
he 5
Α
26
with
very
little
sou
rce
loadi
n
g
ι
ι
1
1
ι
or
signal
attenuation
.
In
s
uc
h
situatio
n
s,
α
passive
attenuator
Deflection
F
actor
p
robe
cannot
b
e
used
.
H
owever,
t
h
is
proble
m
may
be
solved
The
amount
of trace d
eflection
produced by
α
signal
is
'
by
using α
FE
T
Pr
obe
or
t
he h
ig
h-imp
e
d
ance
i
np
ut
p
rovision
determi
n
e
d
by
t h e
signal
am
p
litu
d
e,
t
h
e
atten
uation
(if
any)
of
t
h
e
5
Α
26
as
described u
n
d
er
H
ig h
-Impe
d
ance
In
pu
t
.
of
t
h
e
pro
b
e,
t h
e
setting
of
t
h
e
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
an
d
t
he
setting
of
t
h
e
V
aria
b
le
control
.
T
h
e
d
eflection
factor
settings
are
calibrate
d
only
w
h
en
t
he
V
ariable
control
is
H
ig
h-Im
p
edance
In
put
rotate
d
f
u
lly
clockwise
i
n
to
t
he deten
t
p
osition
.
In
t
h
e
50
m
t
hro
u
gh
50
μ
p
ositions
of
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
w
here
t h
e
in
p
u
t
attenuator
is
not
used,
t
he
internal
gate
return
resistors
alone
esta
b
lis
h
t
he
1
mego
h
m
input
T
he
range
of
t
he
V
aria
b
le
control
is
at
least
2
.5
:1
.
It
provides
resistance
.
T
he
removal
of
t
he strap
from
t
he
P
ream
p
lifier
uncalibrated
d
eflection
factors
covering
t
h
e full
ra
nge
circuit
board
(see
F
ig
.
4-4,
C
hannel
1
and
2
P
reamplifier
between
t
he
calibrate
d
settings
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
.
circuit
board
com
p
onent
an
d
test
point
locations
in
t
he
T
he
V
ariable
control
can
be
set
to
exten
d
t
h e
d
eflection
Diagramsan
d P
arts
L
ists
sectio
n
)
d
isconnects
t
hese
resis-
factor to
at
least
12
.5
volts/
d
ivision
.
tors
fro
m
groun
d
an
d
permits
t
he
in
pu
t
FE
T
gates
to
float,
p
rovi
d
i
n
g α very
h
ig
h input
impe
d
ance
.
To
re
d
uce
noise
an
d
obtain
α
more
u
sa
b
le
d
is
p
lay
w
h e
n
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
is
set
to
t
h
e
more
se
n
sitive
p
ositions,
T
h
e
in
pu
t
signal
m
u
st
be
k
ept
to
r
elatively
low
amplit
u
des,
p
u
s
h
in
t
he
BW
L
I
M
IT
button
to
re
d
uce
t
h
e
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
to
since
t
h
e
d
eflection
factor
is
restricte
d to
50
millivolts/
10
kH
z
if
t
h
is
limit
does
not
a
ppreciably d
istort
t
he d
esire
d
d
ivision
t
hr
oug
h
50
microvolts/
d
ivision,
an
d
d
o
cou
p
li
n
g
features
of
t
h
e
signal
u
nde
r
ob
servation
.
must
b
e
u
se
d to p
rovi
d
e α
d
o
p
at
h
for
t
he
FE
T
gate cu
rre
n
t
.
V
oltage
Com
p
arison
M
easurements
O
p
erating
Instructions-5A26
NOTE
Some
a
pp
lications
re
q
uire
d
eflection
factors
ot
h
er
t
han
t h e
In
t
h
e
0
.1 volt to
5
volt
r
ange
of
t
he
V
O
L
TS/
fixe
d
values provided by
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
.
One
suc
h
DIV
switc
h
,
t
he
input
impedance
is
pa
r
alleled
a pp
lication
is
comparison
of
signal
am
p
litu
d
es
by
ratio
by
t
he
resistors
in
t
he
attenuato
r
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
rat
h
er
th
a
n
by
absolute
voltage
.
To
accom
p
lis
h
t
h
is,
a
pp
ly
"
strap
is
removed,
t
he atten
u
ation
ratio
is
α
reference
signal to
eit
h
er
+
or
-
inputs of
t
h e
5A26,
and
affected,
causing
t
he
deflectio
n facto
r
s
in
t
h
is
set
t h e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch and
V
aria
b
le
con
trol so
t
h
at
range
to
be
incorrect
.
To
determine
t
h
e
d
e-
t
he
r
eference
dis
p
lay
covers
t
h
e
d
esire
d
number
of
graticule
flect
ί
on
factor,
c
h
ec
k
t
h
e
deflection with
an
d
ivisio
n
s
.
Do
not
ch
ange
t
he
V
ariable
con
trol
settings
input
signal
of
k
nown
amplit
u
de
.
t
h
roug
h
out
t
he
subse
q
uent
comparisons
.
H
owever,
t h
e
settings
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch can
be ch
ange
d to
accommodate
large
ratios
.
In
d
oing
so,
regard
t
h
e
nu
m
b
ers
T
h
e
signal
source
impedance
is
an
important
factor,
since
w
h
ic
h designate
t
h
e
switc
h p
ositions
as
r
atio
factors
rat
h
er
gate
cu
rrent
will
p
ro
d
uce
an
offset
.
F
or
example,
α
100
t
h
an
voltages
.
p
icoampere
gate cu
rrent
t
h
ro
u
g
h
10
mego
h
ms
produces
α
1
millivolt
offset,
w
h
ic
h
may
result
i
n
sig
n
ificant
error
w
h
ere
small
voltages
are
of
concern
.
Differential
O
p
eration
Single-en
ded
meas
u
rements
often
yield
unsatisfactory
res
u
lts
beca
u
se
of
interfe
r
ence
resulting
from
ground-loop
currents
T
he
h
ig
h
-fre
q
uency
res
p
onse
will
also
d
epen
d
upon
t
h
e
b
etween
t h e
5
Α
26
and
t
he device
un
d
er test
.
In
oth
er
signal
sou
rce
im
p
eda
n
ce,
si
nce various
s
hu
nt ca
p
acitances
cases,
it
may
be
d
esirable
to
elimi
n
ate
α
do voltage
by
means
b
etween
t
h
e
source
and
t
he
input
gate
m
u
st
c
harge
an
d
ot
h
er
t
han
t
he
u
se
of
α
do block
ing
capacitor,
w
h
ic
h
co
u
l
d
d
isc
h
arge
t h
roug
h
t
h
at
i
mp
ed
ance
.
limit
t
he
low-frequency
res
p
onse
.
'
Dis
p
lay
P
olarity
T
h
ese
limitations
of
single-en
de
d
measurements
are
effectively
Single-ended
signals
a
pp
lie
d to
t
he
+
in
put
connector
pro-
eliminated
by
connecting
t
h
e
+
inp
u t
and
-
in
p
u
t
to
'
d
uce
α
d
is
p
lay
in
p
h
ase wit
h
t
h e
in
p
ut signal
.
Signals
a
pp
lie
d
selecte
d p
oints
in
t
h
e
test
circuit
.
Since
t
h
e c
h
assis
of
t
h
e
to
t
he
-
i
npu
t
connector
will
be
inverte
d
.
5
Α
26
nee
d
not
be
connecte
d
in
any
way
to
t
he
test circ
u
it,
t
h
ere are
few
limitations
to
t
h
e
selection
of
t
h
ese
test
points
.
In
any
case,
d
o
not
excee
d
t
he
maxim
u
m
safe
in
pu
t
voltages
.
Α
similar
polarity
relations
h
ip
exists for
d
ifferentially
a
pp
lie
d
.
s
ί
gnals,
but
p
ertai
n s
to
t
h
e
direction of voltage
c
h
ange
at
one
in
put with
res
p
ect
to
t h
e
ot
h
e
r
,
rat
h
er
t
han with
res
p
ect
T
h
e
+
an
d
-AC
bu
ttons
s h
ou
l
d both be
set
to
t
h e
same
to c
h
assis
potential
.
p
ositions,
d
epending
on
t
he
met
hod of
signal
coupling
requ
ire
d
.
O
p
e
r
ating
Instructions-5A26
Only
t
he
voltage d
ifference
between
two
signals
is
am
p
lifie
d
pro
b
es
are
s
h
iel
d
ed
to
prevent
pick
up
of
electrostatic
inter-
an
d
d
isplaye
d
in
differential
measurements,
w
h
ile t
h
e
common-
ference
.
Α
10
Χ
attenuator probe
offers
α
h
ig
h
in
put
mode
signals
(commo
n
i
n
am
p
lit
ude,
fre
q
uency
and
ph
ase)
impedance
and
allows
t
he
circuit
under
test
to
perform
very
are
re
j
ecte
d
.
close
to
normal
operating
con
d
itions
.
See
yourTe
k
tronix,
Inc
.,
catalog for
c
h
aracteristics
and
compati
b
ility
of
probes
for
u
se
wit
h
t
h
is
system
.
T
he ab
ility
of
t h
e 5
Α
26
to
re
j
ect
common-mo
d
e
signals
is
in
d
icated
by
t
he
commo
n-mo
de
re
j
ection
ratio
(cm
r
r)
.
Cmrr
is
at
least
100,000
:1
at
t
h
e
input
con
n
ectors
from
50
microvolts/
d
ivision
to
50
millivolts/
d
ivisio
n
w
hen
signals
between
doan
d
30
k
ilo
h
ertz
are
do
cou
p
led
to
t
he
in
p
uts
.
To
illustrate
t
h
is
ch
aracteristic,
assume
t
hat α
si
n
gle-en
d
ed
i
npu
t
signal
consists
of
an
unwante
d
60
h
ertz
signal
of
1
volt
pea
k
-to-pea
k
,
p
lus
α
d
esire
d
signal
of
1
millivolt
p
ea
k
-
to-peak
.
If
an
attem
p
t
is
ma
d
e
to
display
t h
e
describe
d
signal
(single-e
nd
e
d
meas
u
rement)
at
0
.2
millivolts/
d
ivision,
t
he
60
h
ertz
signal will
prod
uce
α
deflectio
n equ
ivalent
to
5000
d
ivisions
an
d
t
h
e
1
millivolt
signal
will
b
e
lost
.
Outsi
d
e infl
uences such
as
magnetic
fiel
d
s
can
also
degrade
t
h
e
performance,
partic
u
larly
w
hen
low
level
signals
are
involved
.
M
agnetic
i
nterference
may
be
minimize
d
by
using
i
d
entical
sig
n
al-t
r
ansp
orting
leads
to
t
he
two
in
pu
ts
an
d
twisti
ng
t
he
two
lea
d
s
toget
h
er
over
as
much
of
t
h
eir
lengt
h
as
p
ossi
b
le
.
COD
E
D
PR
O
BE
S
.
T
h
e
5
Α
26
is
d
esigne
d
for
com
p
atibility
wit
h
co
d
e
d
pro
b
es,
suc
h
as
t
he
Te
ktronix Ρ
6062
Α
1
Χ
/10
Χ
P
assive
P
robe
.
T
h
e
+
an
d
-
i
npu
t
connectors
h
ave
an
o
u
ter
ring
to
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
cod
ing
pin
on
t
he
probe
connector
ma
kes
contact
.
T
h
is
typ
e
of
probe
allows
t
h
e
vertical
d
eflection
factor
in
d
icate
d
by
t
he
rea
d
out
to
corres
pon
d
wit
h
t
h
e
actu
al
voltage
at
t
h
e
probe
ti
p
,
elimi
n
ating
t
he
need
to
consid
er
t
he
atte
nu
ation
factor
w
hen
meas
u
ring
t
h
e
signal
am
p
lit
ude
on
t
h
e
graticule
scale
.
If t h e
same
1
millivolt
signal
is
meas
u
re
dd
ifferentially
with
Differential
M
easurements
t
he
60
h
ertz
signal
common
to both
inputs,
no
more
t
han
T
h
e
following
a
d
ju
stment
procedure
is
recommen
d
ed
w
hen
one
part
in
100,000
of
t
h
e
common-mode
signal
will
a
pp
ear
p
re
p
aring
to
u
se
twoTe
ktronix Ρ
6062
Α
probes
for
differen-
in
t
he display
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
signal
will
produce
α
dis
p
lay
of
tial
measurements
in
t
h
e
10
Χ
mo
de
.
5 d
ivisions,
with not
more
t
han
0
.1
division
of
d
is
p
lay
pro
d
uce
d
by
t
h
e
common-mo
d
e
signal
(cmrr
n
ot
s
p
ecifie
d
w
h
en
resi
d
ual
dis
p
lay
is
0
.1
d
ivision
or
less)
.
α
.
Connect
one
probe
for d
c-cou
p
le
d
,
si
n
gle-e
n
ded
operation
to
C
H
1
+
in
put
.
Obtain
triggere
d
d
is
p
lay
of
an
app
ropriate
s
quare
wave,
such
as t h
at
from
α
calibrator
T
here
are α
n
umber
of
factors
w
h
ic
h
can
degra
d
e
common-
or
square-wave
generator
.
Com
p
ensate
p
rob
e
s
quare-
mode
re
j
ectio
n
.
T
h e
princi
p
le
requirement
for
maxim
u
m
wave
response
wit
h
p
robe
com
p
e
n
sation
a
dju
stment-
re
j
ection
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
com
m
on-mode
signal
ar
r
ives at
t
he input
FE
T
gates
in
p
recisely
t
h
e
sameform
.
Α
d
iffere
nce of
only
0
.01%
in t h e
atte
nuation
factors
of
t
h
e in
put
atte
nu
ators
b
.
Connect
α
secon
d p
robe
for dc-cou p
le
d op
eratio
n
may
re
d
uce
t
he re
j
ectio
n
ratio
to
10,000
:1
.
L
i
k
ewise,
any
to
C
H
1
-
in
put
.
Apply
100
volt
p
eak
-to-
peak
sq
uare
d
ifference
in
source
im
p
e
d
ance
at
t
h
e
two
p
oi
n
ts
in
t
h
e
wave
to both
pro
b
es
.
F
ree-ru
n
swee
p and a
dju
st
p
robe
source
un
d
er test
will
d
egrade
t
he
re
j
ection
ratio
.
Atten
u
ator
com
p
ensation
a
d
j
ustme
n
t
of
secon
d p
ro
b
e
for
minim
u
m
p
ro
b
es
w
h
ic h
do
not
h ave ad
j
usta
b
le
resistance
an
d
ca
p
aci-
d
is
p
lay
am
p
litu
de
.
tance
may
re
d
uce
t
h
e
re
j
ection
ratio
to
100
:1
or
less
.
c
.
Steps
(
α
)
an
d
(b)
matc
h
t
h e
probes
for
use
at
any
sensitivity
t
h
at
employs
t
he
partic
u
lar
input
attenuator
(1
Χ
or
100
Χ
)
used
in
steps
(
α
)
and
(b)
.
Wh
en
it is
necessary
to
u
se
t
h
e
ot
h
er
input
atten
u
ator,
steps
(
α
)
an d
(b)
s
hou
l
d
b
e
repeated
.
d
.
R
epeat
steps
(
α
),
(b),
and
(
ε
)
fo
r
C
h
annel
2
.
V
oltage
P
robes
e
.
Wh
en
examining
α small
d
ifferential
signal
in t
h
e
In
general,
probes
offer
t
h
e
most
conve
n
ient
means
of
presence
of
relatively
large
common-mo
d
e
components,
connecting
α
signal
to
t
h
e
in
pu
t
of
t
he 5
Α
26
.
Te
k
t
r
o
n
ix
ad
j
ust
pro
b
e
by
temporarily
connecting
b
ot
h prob
es
to
eit
h
er
of
t
h
e
two
signal
sources
.
Deflection
Factor
Cali
b
rated
R
ange
Accuracy
U
ncali
b
rate
d R
ange
Fre
q
uency
R
es
p
o
n
se
Ban
d
wid
t
h
(8
Div
R
eference)
DC
(Direct)
Co
u
pled
1
MH
z
10
kH
z
AC
(Ca
p
acitive)
Co
up
le
d
1
MH
z
10
kH
z
Ste
p
R
es
po
n
se
A
b
errations
Input
R and
C
M
aximu
m
Safe
Input
Voltage
DC
(Direct)
Co
up
le
d
50
μ
V
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
100
m
V
/Div to
5
V/Div
AC
(Ca
p
acitive)
Co
up
le
d
50
μV
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
100
m
V
/Div
to
5
V/Div
DC
R
e
j
ection
AC
(Capacitive)
Co
up
le
d
Inp
u
t
Gate Current
Common
Mo
d
e
R
e
j
ectio
n
DC
(Direct)
Coupled
C
h
aracteristics
50
μ
V
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
100
m
V
/Div
to
5
V/Div
SPE
CI
F
ICATIO
N
S
TA
BLE
1-1
Electrical
Sp
ecifications
50
μ
V
/
d
iv
to
5
V/
d
iv
in
α
1,
2,
5
seq
u
ence
.
W
it
h
in
2%
of
d
eflection
factor
setting
.
Variable
VO
L
TS/DI
V
control
p
rovi
d
es
con
ti
nuou
sly
variable
d
eflectio
n
factor
b
etwee
n
cali
b
rate
d
settings
an
d
exten
d
s
d
eflection factor
range
to
12
.5
V/
d
iv
.
Dc
to
at
least
1
MH
z
.
Dc
to
10
kH
z
with
i
n
20%
.
Performance
R
e
qu
irement
2
Hz
or
less
to
at
least
1
MHz
.
2
Hz
or
less
to
10
kH
z
wit
h
in
20%
.
O
p
erating
Instructions-5A26
+2°/
ο
,
-2°/
ο
or
less
.
Total
not
to
exceed
4°/
ο
ρ
-
p
.
1
ΜΩ
with
in
0
.15%
pa
r
allele
d by
a
p
p
roximately
47
p
F
.
10
V
(
d
c
+
pea
k
ac)
.
350
V
(
d
c
+
pea
k
ac)
.
350
V
do
(co
up
ling
ca
p
acitor pre-c
h
arge
d
)
10
V
p
ea
k
ac
.
350
V
(dc
+
pea
k
ac)
.
At
least
100,000
:1
after
20 min
ute
warmu
p
.
100
ρΑ
or
less
(100
μ
V
or
less
de
p
ending
on
exter
n
al
loadi
n
g) at
+25
°
C
.
At
least
100,000
:1
from
do
to
30
kH
z
with
up
to
20
V
ρ
-
ρ
sine
wave
.
At
least
300
:1
from
d
o
to
30
kH
z
wit
h
up
to
100
V
ρ
-
ρ
sine
wave
.
Operating
Instructions-5A26
Common
M
o
de
R
e
j
ection (continue
d
)
AC
(Cap
acitive)
Coupled
50
μ
V
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
W
it
h 2 Ρ
6062
Α
P
robes
Displaye
d
N
oise
(Tangentially
M
easure
d
)
C
h
a
n
nel
Isolation
at
1
MH
z
(Single-
E
n
d
ed)
C
h
a
n
nel
Isolation
at
30
kH
z
(Common
M
o
d
e)
Tempe
r
atu
re
Altitu
d
e
Sh
oc
k
Operati
n g
Storage
O
p
erating
Storage
V
ibratio
n
Operati
ng
Operating
a
nd
Storage
W
eig
h
t
Dime
n
sions
C
h
aracteristics
C
h
aracteristics
C
h
aracteristics
TA
BLE
1-1
(CO
N
T
.)
E
lectrical
Sp
ecifications
TA
BLE
1-2
E
nvironmental
S
p
ecifications
At
least
20,000
:1
at 5
kH
z
and ab
ove,
d
ecreasing
to
not
less
t
han
2000
:1
at
60
Hz
.
400
:1
at
10
Χ
p
ro
b
e
atten
uation
.
30μ
V
or
less
at
full
ban
d
wid
t
h
.
At
least
100
:1
wit
h 8 d
iv
sine
wave
applie
d
to
o
n
e
ch
annel
at
2
V
/
d
iv
and
oth
er
chan
n
el
at
1
m
V
/
d
iv
with
no
signal
applied
.
50
μ
V
or
less
at
any
d
eflection
factor
wit
h
20
V
ρ
-
ρ
si
n e
wave
a
p
plie
d to + an
d
-
i
nputs
of
eit
her
c
hannel
.
0
°
C
to
+50
°
C
.
-55
0
C
to
+70
°
C
.
To
15,000
F
eet
.
To
50,000
F
eet
.
TA
BLE
1-3
Ph
ysical
Specifications
See
F
ig
.
1-3,
Dimensions
.
P
erformance
R
equ
irement
P
erformance
R
e
q
uireme
n
t
15
minutes
alo
ng
eac
h
of
3
ma
j
or
axes
at
α
total
d
is-
placement
of 0
.015
inc
h
wit
h
frequency
varie
d
from
10
H
z to
50
H
z
to
10
H
z
in 1
minute
swee
p
s
.
H
ol
d
for
3
minutes
at
50
H
z
.
All
ma
j
or
resonances
must
be
above
50
H
z
.
To
30
g's,
1/2
sine,
11
ms
d
uration,
2
s h
oc
k s
per
axis
in
eac
h
d
irection
for
α
total
of 12
s
h
oc
k
s
.
Description
Ap
p
roximately
2
I
b
s,
3 oz
.
(1
kg)
.
ι
ι
σσ
0
00
(j
σσ
Νφ
σσσσ
σσσσ
0
ι
°
000000
ο
F
ig
.
1-3
.
Dimensio
n
s
.
Op
erating
Instructions-5A26
ι
1
ι
ι
T
h
is
sectio
n
of
t
h
e
manual
d
escri
b
es
t
h
e
operatio n of
t
he
circ
u
its
in
t
he
5
Α
26
Dual
Differe
n tial
Am
p
lifier
unit
.
Complete
sch
ematic
diagrams
a
nd
an
overall
b
loc
k
d
iagram
of
t
he
u
nit are
given
on
pullout
pages
at
t
he
b
ac
k of
t
h
is
manual
.
T
h
e
c
h
ann
el
'
1
and
channel 2
circuitry
is
essentially
i
d
entical
.
T
he
following
bloc
k d
iagram
and
circuit
operation
d
iscussio
n
s
a
p
p
ly
to
c
h
annel
1
with
exce
p
tio
n
s
i
n
clu
ded
w
h
ere applicable
.
ι
Wh
en
t
h
e
DIS
PL
AY
b
utton
is
presse
d
,
α
logic
level
is
a
pp
lie
d
T
h
e
BW
L
I
M
IT
10
kH
z
switc
h p
laces
α
ca
p
acitor
across
t
h
e
'
to
t
h
e
oscilloscope
to
ena
b
le
5
Α
26
o
pe
r
ation (switc
h
f
u
nc-
two
out
p
ut
Ι
ines
to
re
d
uce
t
h
e
ban
d
wi
d
t
h an
d,
t
h
us,
limit
tion
is
limited
to
operation
i
n
α
vertical
d
eflection
com
p
art-
t
h
e
noise
.
T
h e
signal
is
t
h
en
p
asse
d to
t h e
Output
Amplifier
ment)
.
t
h
roug
h
an
emitte
r
-follower
isolation
stage
.
'
Signals
a
pp
lie
d
to
t
h
e
+
and
-
input
connectors
can
be
p
asse
d
d
irectly
t
h
roug
h
t
he
i
nput
cou
p
li
n
g
switch
es
to
t
h
e
atten
u
ators
(
d
c
cou
p
le
d
)
or
t
h
ey
can
be
capacitively
(ac)
couple
d
to block
t
h
e
do
component
of
t h
e
signal
.
T
h
e
GND
switch
p
rovi
d
es
α gro
u
nd
reference
to
t
he
P
reamplifier
i
npu
t
.
'
T
h
e In
p
ut
Atten
uator
consists
of
fre
quen
cy-compensated
voltage
d
ivi
d
ers
.
1
Χ
attenuation
is
p
rovi
d
e
d for
t
h
e
50
μ
to
50
m
p
ositions
of
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
and100
Χ
'
.
atte
n
uation
is
p
rovi
d
ed
for
t
h
e
.1
to
5
p
ositions
.
B
alance
to α
low-frequency
common-mode
signal
b
etween
t
he
attenuators
of
t
he
two
inputs
is
set
by
a
dju
stment
of
t
h
e
i
n
ternal
LF
C
MR
potentiometer
.
C
h
annel
switc
h
ing
is
accom
p
lis
h
e
d
by
t
h
e
p
l
u g-i
n
M
OD
E
bu
ttons
an
d
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
nel
switc
h
signal
from
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
.
F
rom
t
h
e In
p
ut
Atte
n
uator,
t
he
signal
is
p
asse
d d
irectly
to
E
lectronic
switch
i
ng
p
rovi
d
es
α d
is
p
lay
of
eit
h
er
or
bot
h
t
h
e
Pr
eam
p
lifier
.
T
h
e
inpu
ts
to
t
he
P
ream
p
lifier
are
f u
se
channels
(
du
al-trace)
.
T
he
switc
h
ing
rate
in
d
ual-trace
'
a
n
d
d
io
de
protected
.
T
he
Pr
eamp
lifier
consists
of
two
o
peration
is
d
etermine
d by
t
he c
hannel-switch
sig
n
al re
p
eti-
i
d
entical
operational
am
p
lifiers
connecte
d
in
α d
iffere
n
tial
tion rate
from
t
he
oscilloscope,
configuration
.
Common-mo
d
e
signals
between
groun
d
an
d
t
h
e
two
in
pu
ts
are
re
j
ected, d ue to
α
bootstra pp
e
d
floating
p
ower
supply
t
h
at
moves
wit
h
t
h
e
common-mo
de
signal
to
T
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h control
is
ma
d
e
up
of
α
series
of
maintain
consta
n
t
o p
erating
c
h
aracteristics
of
t
he
active
cams
and
contacts
t
h
at
switch
in
pu
t
atten
u
ators,
select
t
he
devices
.
T
he d
ifference
b
etween
t
he
two
in
pu
ts is
amplified
.
pro
p
er
gai
n
-setting
resistors
in
t
he
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier,
'
T
h
e
co
n
stant
c
u
rrent
return
facilitates
t
h
e
d
o
balance
of
t
h
e
and
p
rovi
de
t h e
proper
crt
readout
d
ata
.
P
reamplifier
outputs
.
'
F
rom
t
he
P
ream
p
lifier,
t
he
signal
is
cou
p
le
d d
irectly
to
t
he
Gai
n
Switc
h
ing
Amplifier
.
Two
i
d
e
n
tical
o
p
erational
ampli-
fiers
an
d
α
series-
p
arallel
resistor
network
provide
t
he prop
er
'
gain for each
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
setting
.
T
HE
O
R
Y
O
F
O
PER
ATIO
N
BL
OC
K
DIAG
RA
M
D
E
SC
R
I
P
TIO
N
Section
2-5
Α
26
T
h
e
output
diffe
r
e
n
tial
am
p
lifier
is
o
p
erate
d
push-pull,
presenting
α sig
n
al
to
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
terminal
t
h
at
is
of
t
h
e
same
p
olarity
as
t
h
at
a
p
plied
to
t h e
P
ream
p
lifier in
put
.
T
he
front-panel
V
ariable
VO
L
TS/DI
V
(CAL
)
an
d
internal
gain
controls
provi
de
α
means
of
varying
t
he
gain
of
t
he
5
Α
26
.
Α
p
ositioning-current
d
river
is
co
n
necte
d to
t
he
ou
t
put
lines
to
alter
t
he q
uiescent
trace
p
osition
.
Α
triggering
signal
is
tap
p
e
d
from
t
h
e
emitter-follower
isola-
tion
stage,
amplifie
d
an
d
ma
d
e
available
to
an
associate
d
time-base
p
lug-in
u
n
it
.
Triggering
signal
am
p
lit
u
de
is
abo
u t
0.25
volts
p
er
d
is
p
laye
d d
ivision
.
E
ither
of
two
lam
p
bulbs
be
h
i
nd
t
he k
no
b
s
k
irt
on
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
ill
u
minate
t
h
e
selecte
d d
eflectio
n facto
r
.
One
lam
p
lig
h
ts
for
1
Χ
deflectio
n
factor
;
t
h
e
ot
h
er
lig
h
ts
w
h
en
α
rea
d
out-code
d
p
robe
is
attac
h e
d
to
t
he
+
or
-
input
con
n
ectors
to
in
d
icate
α
10
Χ
deflection
factor
.
T
heory
of
Operation-5A26
CI R
C
U
IT
O
PER
ATIO
N
Circuits
uni
q
ue to
t
h
is
i
nstrumen
t
are
descri
b
e
d
in
d
etail
in
t
h
is
discussion
.
Circ
u
its
commo
n
ly
use
d
in
t
he
electronics
in
d
ustry
are
not d
escribe
d
in
d
etail
.
If
more
information
is
desire
d on
t
h
ese
co
m
monly
u
se
d
circ
u
its,
refer
to
t
h
e
following
text
b
oo
k
s
.
Ph
illi
p
Cutler,
"Semicon
du
ctor
Circ
u
it
Analysis",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1964
.
J
acob
M
illman an
d
H
e
r
bert
Taub, "
P
ulse
Digital
an
d Switc
h
ing
W
aveforms",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1965
.
Al
b
ert
Paul
M
alvino,
"Transistor
Circuit
Ap
p
roximations",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1973
.
Gor
d
on
V
.
Deboo,
"Integrated
Circ
u
its
and
Semicon
d
uctor
Devices",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1971
.
L
loy
d Ρ
.
H
unter
(E
d
.),
"
H
an
d
b
oo
k
of
Semiconductor
E
lectronics",
th
ir
d
ed
itio
n
,
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1970
.
T
h
e
n
umbers
insi
d
e t
he d
iamon
d
s
after
α
h
ea
d
i
ng
refer
to
t
h
e
sc
h
ematic
diagram
for
t
h
at
circ
u
it
locate
d
at
t
h
e
back
of
t
h
is
man
u
al
.
ι
ι
ι
1
ι
ι
ι
PRE
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
1
Ο
In
p
ut
Attenuators
T
h
e
Inp
u
t
Attenu
ators
consist
of
fre
qu
ency-com
p
e
n
sate
d
ΡΙυ
g-
Ιη
L
ogic
voltage
d
ivi
d
ers
t
h
at
p
rovi
de
100
Χ
atte
n
uation
in
t h e
.1
to
,
Wh
en
DIS
PL
AY
button
is
presse
d
,
α
logic
level
is
5 p
ositions
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
F
or
do and
low-
applied
to
t
he
electronic
switc
h
ing
circuit
in
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
fre
quency
sig
n
als,
t
he d
ivi
d
ers are
esse
n
tially
resistive
to
en
able
plug-in
o
p
eration
.
P
ower
is
a
pp
lied
to
ill
umin
ate
(attenuation
ratio
d
etermi
ned
by
t
h
e
resistance
ratio)
.
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
knob s
k
irt
b
e
h
in
d
t
h
e
p
ro
p
er
d
eflection
B
alance
between
t
he
atten
u
ators
of
t
he
two
inputs
for
low-
factor
w
hen
t
he
M
OD
E
bu
tton
is
p
resse
d
in
.
fre
quen
cy
common-mode
signals
is
set
by
a
d
j
usting
R
9,
LF
C
MR
.
At
h
ig
h
er
fre
q
uencies,
t
he
ca
p
acitive
r
eacta
n
ce
b
ecomes
effective
and
t
h
e
im
p
edance
ratio
d
etermines
t
h
e
Input
Cou
p
ling
atten
u
ation
.
6'
Signals
a
pp
lied
to
t
h
e
front-panel
+
an
d
-
i
npu
t
connectors
may
b
e
ca
p
acitive
couple
d
(ac),
d
irect
coup
le
d
(
d
c)
or
internally
grounded
t
h
roug
h
α
capacitor
and
resistor
.
Input
In
a
dd
ition
to
providing
constant
100
Χ
attenuation
at
all
'
coupling
is
selecte
d by
means
of
two
pus
h bu
tton
switc
h
es
fre
qu
encies
with
in
t
h
e
b
an
dwidt
h
ca
p
abilities
of
t
he
instr
u
-
at
each
in
pu
t
;
S2C
an
d
D
for
t
he
+
input
an
d
S2A
and Β
for
ment,
t
h
e
In
p
ut
Atte
n
uator
maintains
α
constant
in
p
ut
R
C
t
h
e
-
inp
u t
.
ch
aracteristic
(1
mego
h
m
paralleled
b
y
about
47 p
icofara
d
s)
for
t
h
e
.1
to
5 p
ositio
n
s
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
Α
signal
a
pp
lie
d
to
t
h
e
+
inp
u
t
wit
h b
ot
h bu
ttons
in
t
he out
position
(
d
c
cou
ple
d
)
is
p
asse
d
directly
to
t
h
e
Inpu
t
Atten
u
-
In
p
ut
P
rotection
ator
.
Wh
en
t
he
AC
bu
tton
is
p
resse
d
i
n,
C12
is
place
d
in
I
n
p
ut
p
rotection
consists
of
f
u
ses
F
20
and
F
30
and
dio
d
es
t
h
e
circuit
to
ac
couple
signals
of
abou
t
2 h
ertz
(-3
d
B
C
R
21,
CR
24,
CR
31,
and
CR
34
.
If
t
h e
signal
s
h
o
u
ld
reac
h
point)
and h
ig
h
e r
to
t
h
e
attenuator
.
Ca
p
acitor
C12
bloc
k
s
α
level
s
u
fficient
to
forward b
ias
one
of
t
h
e p
rotection
dio
d
es
any do
component
of
t
he
signal
.
Wh
en
t
he
GND
bu
tton
is
(
α
potential
greater
t
h
a n
about
12
.5
volts),
cu
rrent
will
be
,
p
resse
d
in,
α
groun
d
reference
is
p
rovi
ded
to
t
he
inp
u t
of
con
d
ucted
t
h
ro
u
gh
t
h
at
d
io
d
e,
p
rotecting
t
h
e
inp
u
t
FE'
r"
.
t
he
amplifier
wit
h
o
u
t t
h
e
need
to
remove
t
h
e
app
lied
signal
If
t
h
at
curre
n t s
h
oul
d exceed
t h e
fuse
rati
n
g,
t
h
e f u
se(s)
will
from
t
h
e
i
np
ut
connector
.
open
.
2-2
NOTE
P
ream
p
lifier
Wh
en
ac
coupled
with do
levels
of 10
volts
or
T
h
e
Pream p
lifier
consists
of
two
i
d
entical
op
erational
mo
r
e,
bot
h
t
h
e
Α
Cand
G
N
D
b
u
ttons
should
amplifiers
connecte
d
in
α d
ifferential
config
u
ration
.
b
e
p
r
essed
in
(PRE
C
H
G)
w
h
ile
inputconnec-
tions
are
made
or
brok
en,
or
w
h
en
voltage
levels
are
c
h
anged
.
This
allows
t
he co
u
pling
Th
e
op
erational
amplifiers
con
sist
of
054A,
Q60A,
and
capacitor
to
c
ha
r
ge without opening
t
h
e
input
Q64A
on
t
he
-
inp
u
t
side,
and
054
Β
,
060
Β
an
d
Q64
B
on
f
u
ses
or
overdriving
t
h
e
amplifier
.
t
h
e +
i
np
ut
si
d
e
.
Transistors
Q54A
a n
d
054
Β
provi
de
α
.
`
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ιι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
To
minimize
trace
s
h
ift
as
d
iffere
n
t
vertical
deflection factors
are
selecte
d
,
t
he o
u t
pu
ts
at
t
h
e
Q64A
and
Q64
B
collectors
are
do balanced
at
equal
p
otentials
so
t
hat
t h e
voltage
across
t
h
e
gain-setting
resistors
in
t
he
Gain-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
is
zero
at
all
settings
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
T
h
is
do
balancing
is
ach
ieve
d
by
a
dj
usting
R
89,
Atten
ΒαΙ
R
ange
an
d
R
72,
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
.
Common-
M
o
de
R
e
j
ection
F
loating
P
owerSupp
ly
Α
F
loating
P
ower
Supply
consisting
of
Ο
39,
Q44,
Q48,
and
Ze
n
er
d
io
d
es
VR
40
an
d
VR
42
mi
n
imizes
i
nherent
common-
mo
d
e
d
iffic
u
lties
an
d
,
t
h
erefore,
im
proves
t
h
e
common-mo
de
re
j
ection
ratio
(refer
to
F
ig
.
2-1
) .
Transistor
Q44
is
α
constant-current
h
ig
h
-impedance
sou
r
ce,
and
Q39
is
t
he
current
retur
n
.
Gain-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
Th
eory
of
Operation-5A26
'
voltage
follower
in
p
ut to
outp
u
t
transistors
Q64A
an
d
Q64
B
constant
o p
erating
c
h
aracteristic
of
t
he
elements
in t
he
w
h
ile
Q60A
provi
d
es
a
dd
itional
open-loop
gain
.
Total
gain
P
ream
p
lifier
stage
.
Since
no
common-mo
de
signal
c
u
rrent
'
of
t
h
e
stage
is
determine
d
by
R
58
and
R
18
between
t
he
two
is
d
evelo
p
ed
,
t
he
outpu
t
at
t
h
e
collectors
of
Q64A
an
d
Q64
B
amplifiers,
and
resistors
R
64
an d
R84
.
remains
u
nc
h
ange
d
;
t
h
at
is,
t
h
e
common-mo
d
e
signal
is
re
j
ecte
d
.
Quiescently,
t
h
e
two
si
d
es
of
t
he
am
p
lifier
are
balance
d
.
Wh
en
α
d
iffe
r
e
n
tial
signal
is
a
p
plie
d to
t
h
e
gates of
Q54A
V
ariable
capacitor
C59,
H
F
C
MR,
is
ad
j
usted to
normalize
a
nd
Q54
B
,
sig
n
al
cu
rrent
is
develo
p
ed
t
h
roug
h
resistors
R
58
t
h
e
effective
capacitance
of
t
h
e
active
devices
on
one
si
d
e
an
d
R
78
.
Cond
u
ction
of
Q64A
an
d
Q64
B
is
ch
ange
d by
of
t
h
e
am
p
lifier
to
t
h
e
oth
er
.
t
h
e
amount
of
signal
current
with
t
h e
o
utpu
t
voltage
develo
p
-
ed
across
R
64
and
R
84
.
T
h
e
out
pu
t
is
α
push-pull
signal,
op
p
osite
in
p
olarity
to
t
he
signal
a
pp
lie
d to
t h e in
pu
ts
.
O
U
T
PU
T
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
S
2
Ο
T
h
e Gain
-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifie
r
consists
of
two
i
den
tical
o
p
erational
amplifiers
.
T
he
o
p
erational
am
p
lifiers
consist
of
Q205A,Q208A,
an
d
Q21
OA
on
t
h
e
-
in
pu
t
si
d
e
an
d
Q205
B
,
Q20813,
and
Q21OB
on
t
h e
+
input
si
d
e
.
Total
gain
of
t
he
stage
is
determine
d by
R
210,
R
220
a
n
d
t
h e
setting
of
t h e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
control
w
h
ic
h
selects
t
h
e
series-
p
arallel
combi
nation of
R
203,
R
213,
an
d
R
228
t
hrough R
236
.
One
of
t
h
e
primary
functions
of
t
h
e
P
reamplifier
is
to
re
j
ect
any
common-mode
com
p
onent
of
t h
e
in
pu
t
signal
an
d
am
p
lify
only
t
he d
iffe
r
ence
.
Assume
t
h
at
t h e
in
p
uts are
tie
d
P
otentiometer
R
225,
V
ar
ΒαΙ
1,
located
in t
h
e
collector
togeth
er
and
α
voltage
is
ap
plie
d
to
t
he
commo
n
input
.
T
h
e
circ
u
it
of
transistors
Q21
OA,
an
d
Q21
013,
is a
d
j
uste
d
wit
h
amplifier
d
iffere
n
tial
out
p
ut
is
i
d
eally
zero,
and
wo
u
l
d
no
inpu
t
signal
to
set
t
he
voltage
across
t
he
V
aria
b
le
V
O
L
TS/
actu
ally
be zero
provi
d
e
d
t
h
at
t
he ch
aracteristics
of
all
DI
V
control,
R
264,
in
t
he
O
u
t
put
Am
p
lifier
stage
to
zero
corres
p
on
d
ing
elements
on
t
he
two
si
d
es
of
t
h
e
am
p
lifier
volts
.
W
it
h bot h
sides
of
t
h e
am
p
lifie
r
balance
d
,
trace
werematc
h
e
d
(e .g
.,
Q54A
an
d
Q54
B
transcon
du
ctance
an
d
d
eflectio
n
is
p
revente
d
as
t
he
V
ariable
V
O
L
TS/D
I
V
co
n
trol
μ
,
Q60A
an
d
Q60
B
beta,
c
urrent sou
rces,
etc
.)
.
In
practice,
is
rotate
d
t
h
ro
ugh
out
its
range
.
any
mismatc
h
will
cause
α d
ifferential
output
.
N
ormally,
t
h
e
frequency
response
of
t
h
e
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
is
from
do
to at
least
1
mega
h
ertz,
h
owever,
for
low-frequency
a
p p
licatio
n
s
w
h
ere
h
ig
h
i
nput
sensitivities
are
u
se
d
,
t
h
e
overall
fre
q
u
ency
response
can
b
e
limite
d to
abo
u
t
10
k
ilo
h
ertz
to
re
d uce
n
oise referred
to
t
h
e
in
pu
t
.
T
h
is is
ach
ieved
by
pus
h
ing
in t
he
BW
L
I
M
IT
10
kH
z switch
,
S239,
w
h
ic
h co nnects
C239
across
t
he
out
p
ut
of
t
h
e
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier-
T
h
e
in
pu
t
to
t
h
e
bootstrap
(
Χ
1
gain)
am
p
lifier
is
connecte
d
Isolation
Stage
'
to
t h e
j
unction
of
R
58
and
R
78
.
T
he
bootstra
p
amplifier
T
h
e
d
ifferential
signal
d
evelope
d
at
t
h
e
collectors
of
Q210A
p
ortion of
t
he supp
ly
co
n
sists
of
emitter-follower
048
and
an
d
Q210
B
is
passed
t
hroug
h
emitter
followers
Q242
and
do
level-s
h
ifting
Zener
diodes
VR
40
an
d
VR
42
.
T
he
collec-
Q252
to
t
he
Out
pu
t
Am
p
lifier
.
Transistors
Q242
an
d
Q252
'
f
or
im
p
e
d
ance
of
Q39
presents
minimum
loa
d
ing
to
t
he
isolate
t
he
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Amplifier
from
t
he loa
d
ing
of
Q48
out
p
ut
a
nd
maintai
n s t
he
gai
n
of
t
h
e
am
p
lifier
(boot-
t
he
Output
Am
p
lifier a n
d
Trigger
Amplifier
.
stra
p
efficiency)
very
close
to
one
.
Out
p
ut
Am
p
lifier
T
h
e
entire
p
ower
s
u
pply
an
d
am
p
lifier
voltages
move
an
The
Output
Amplifier
consists
of
push-pull amplifiers
0260
amount
equ
al
to
t
h
e
common-mo
d
e
voltage to
maintain
α
and
Q270
.
W
it
h α
sig
n
al
applied,
pote
n
tiometer
R
273,Gain
1,
T
h
eory
of
Operation-5A26
provides emitter
d
egeneration
.
T
h
e
gain
is
d
etermined
by
Ch
annel
Switching
I
t
h
e
total
emitter
resistance
w
h
ic
h
allows
t h e
overall
gain of
Channel
switc
h
ing
is
accomplis
hed
by
Q282,Q292,
Q286
t
he 5
Α
26
to
be
ad
j
usted
to
matc
h
t
h e
mai
n
frame
re
qu
ire-
and
Q386
.
T
h
e c
hannel
switc
h
sig
n
al
from
t h e
m
ai
n
frame
ments
.
Also,
t
he
V
aria
b
le
VO
L
TS/DI
V
con
trol,
R
264,
t h
roug
h
p
in
Β
21
sets
t
h
e
b
ias
on
Q386
w
h
ile t
he
bias
on
p
rovi
d
es
continuo
u
sly
variable
gain to 2
.5
times
t
he
calibra-
Q286
is
d
etermined
by
t
h
e
M
OD
E
butto
n
s
.
T
h
e
bias
level
te
d d
eflectio
n
factor
setting
.
at
t
h
e
base
of
Q286
relative
to
t
h
at at
t
h
e
base of
Q386
d
etermines
w
h
ic
h
of
t
h
ese
transistors
is
on
.
W
it
h
t
h e
C
H
1
,
M
OD
E
bu
tton
pressed
i
n
a
nd
t
he
C
H
2
M
OD
E bu
tton
o
u
t,
Transistors
Q267
and
Q277
are
p
ositioning-curre
n
t
dr
ivers
.
the b
ias
level
on
Q286
is
lowe
r
(more
negative)
t
h
an
t
h
at at
P
osition
(
P
OS)
control,
R
274,
p
rovi
d
es
an
ad
j
ustable
Q386,
w
h
ic h
tur
n
s
Q286
off
a
nd
Q386
on
.
W
it
h
Q286
c
h
ange
i
n
t
h
e
con
duction of
t
he
transistors
to
provide
α
turned
off,
+5
volts
do
t
h
roug
h
R286
reverse-biases
d
io
d
es
'
curren
t t h
at
eit
h
er
a
dds to
or
su
b
stracts
from
t
he
Q260-0270
CR283
and
CR
293,
w
h
ic
h turns
on
Q282
an
d
Q292
i
n
t
h
e
cu
rrents
to
alter
t h e
q
uiesce
n t
vertical
p
osition
of
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
channel
switch
stage
.
T
h
us,
t
h
e
c
h
annel
1
signal
is
co
upled
to
t
he
mainframe
t
hr
oug
h
interface
connector
p
ins
Α
7
and
Β
7
.
I
+30
V
+30
V
F
ig
.
2-1
.
F
loati
n
g
P
ower
Supply d
etailed
bloc
k
d
iagram
s h
owing
stan
d
ing c
ur
re
n
t
p
at
h
s t
hr
o
u g h
t
h
e
P
reamplifier
.
ι
ι
ι
lei
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
Wh
ile
Q286
is
off,
Q386
is
on
an
d
d
raws
current
from
t
h
e
tion factor to
p
r
ovide
α
d
i r
ect
rea
do
u t
.
N
ormally,
DS421
is
+5
volt
d
o
su
pp
ly t
hrough
R386
.
T
he
resultant
voltage
lit
to
indicate
α
1
Χ
d
eflection
factor
.
Co
nn
ecting
α
rea
do
u
t-
across
R
386
turns
off
Q382
an
d
Q392
i
n
t
he
C
han
nel
Switc
h
co
ded
10
Χ
prob
e
to
eit
her inpu
t
(wit
h
t
h
e
GND
bu
ttons
stage
.
T
hu
s, t
h
e
ch
annel
2
signal
is
n
ot
co
up
le
d to
t
he
out)
a
u
tomatically
ch
anges
t
he
crt
r
eado
u t
b
y
α factor of
mainframe
.
10an
d
lig
h
ts
DS417
to
indicate
α
10
Χ
d
eflection
factor
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
CH
2
M
OD
E
button
is
p
resse
d
i
n,
t
he
bias
level
on
Q286
is
h
ig
h
er
(less
negative)
t
h
a
n
t
h
at at
Q386,
w
h
ic
h
t
u
rns
Q286
onan
d
Q386
off
.
T
he
con
d
itions
d
escribe
d
for
t
h
e c
hannel
1
mo
de are
t h
en
reversed
.
T
h
eory
of
Operation-5A26
W
it
h
α
10
Χ
rea
d
out-co
d
e
d p
robe
co
nn
ected
to
t h e
-
input,
t
he
pr
o
b
e-cod
ing
resistor
is
con
necte
d
in
p
arallel
wit
h
R410
t
h
roug
h
t
h
e
probe-co
d
i
ng
ring
.
T
h
e
pro
b
e
resistor
biases
Q417
on,
w
h
ic
h turns
on
in
d
icator
DS417
.
Conse
q
ue
n
tly,
Q421
t
urns
off
and
exti
ngu
is
hes
in
d
icator
DS421
.
T
he
p
robe-cod
ing
resistor
i
n
p
arallel
with
R
410
also
c
h
a n
ges
t
h
e
b
ias
on
Q450
w
h ic
h ch
anges
t
h
e
crt
rea
d
out
.
Wh
en
t
he
DIS
PL
AY
button
is
ou
t,
illuminating
voltage
is
remove
d
from
i
n
d
icators
DS417
an
d
DS421,
and
0484
is
gate
d
off
.
T
h
us,
i
nd
icators
DS417
an
dDS421
are extingu
is
h e
d
,
an
d
t
h
e
crt
reado
u
t
is
b
lan
k
ed
.
F
or d
ual-t
r
ace op
eration
(b
ot
h
CH
1
and
CH
2
M
OD
E
bu
ttons
pus
h
e
d
in),
α
0
to
+5
volts
repetitive
signal
is
a
pp
lied
from
t
h
e
mai
n
frame
to
t
he b
ase
of
Q386
t
h
roug
h p
in
Β
21
.
T
hu
s,
t
h
e
bias
level
on
Q386
alternates
above
a
n
d
below
t
h
e
b
ias
level
on
Q286
w
h
ic
h turn
s
on
ch
annel
1,
t
hen
c
h a
nn
el
2, at
α
rate
d
etermine
d
by
t
h
e re
p
etition
rate
of
t
he c
h
an
n
el
switch
signal
at
p
i
n Β 21
.
W
it
h
α
10
Χ
rea
d
ou
t-co
d
e
d p
ro
b
e
connecte
d to
t
he
+
in
pu
t,
R
413
f
un
ctions
t
he
same
as
R
410
i
n
t
h
e
-
in
pu
t
circ
u
it
.
Trigger
Amplifier
T
hu
s,
α
10
Χ
rea
d
out-code
d
p
ro
b
e
connected
to
eit
h
er or
Differential
am
p
lifier
Q245
and
Q255
receives
t
h
e
triggering
b
oth
in
p
uts
will
p
rovi
de α
10
Χ
reado
u
t
on
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
signal
from
t
he emitters of
Q242
and
Q252
in
t h e
isolation
k
nob
s
k
irt
an
d
on
t
h
e
crt
.
stage
of
t
h
e
Output
Am
p
lifier
.
T
h
e
triggering
signal
is
am
p
lified
and
passe
d
t
h
ro
u
g
h
T
R
IGGER
switc
h
S401
to
transistor
Q404
w
here
it is
m
ade
availa
b
le
to an associated
When
p
r
esse
d
i
n,
contacts
of
G
N
D
switch
es
S2D
(+
in
pu
t)
time-
b
ase unit
via
pin
Α
4
.
T
h e
triggering
signal
is
of
t
h
e
and
S213
(-
in
pu
t)
open
t
h
e
circuit
between
t
h
e
+
and
-
same
polarity
as
t
h
at
a
pp
lie
d to
t h e
gate of
Q54
B
a n
d
h
as
in
pu
t
prob
e-coding
rings
and
t
h e
rea
d ou
t
circ
u
itry
.
Co
n
se-
αη
amplitu
d
e
of
abo
u
t
0
.25
volts
per
displaye
d
d
ivisio
n
.
qu
ently,
with
α
rea
dou
t-co
d
e
d
pro
b
e
connecte
d to
bot
h
inputs
an
d
both
+
απd
-G
ND
b
uttons
p
resse
d
in, t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
k
no
b sk
irt
and
crt
will
i
nd
icate
α 1
Χ
d
eflection
V
ertical
Switch
ing
factor
.
If
only
one
of
t
h
e
GND
buttons
is
p
ressed
in, t
h
e
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
k
nob
s
k
irt
and
crt
will
in
d
icate
α
10
Χ
deflection
V
OL
TS/DI
V
switch
S20
co
n
tains
α
series
of
cam
lo
b
es
factor
.
w
h
ic h
engage
an
d d
ise n
gage
vario
u
s
contacts
at
different
positions
of
t
h
e
switch
.
Cams
1, 2,
4,
a
nd 5 control switch
-
i
n
g
of
t
he
In
p
ut
Attenuator
an
dcams
11
t
h
ro
ugh
19
control
If
t
he
probe-co
d
i
ng
ring
on
t
h
e
+
or
-
in
p
u
t
connector
is
switch
i
n
g
of
gain-setting
networ
k
resistors
R
228
t
h
roug
h
groun
ded
,
DS417
lig
h
ts
to
indicate
α
10
Χ
d
eflection
factor
R
236
in
t
he
Gain-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
stage
.
T
h
ose
co
n
tacts
an
d
t
he
crt
rea
dou
t
is
extingu
is
h
ed
.
T
h
e
c r
t
r
ead
o
u
t
is
t
h
at
are
engaged
at
any
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch position are
d
etermined
b
y
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
control
w
h
ic
h
esta
b
lis
h
es
s
h
own
by
black d
ots
on
t
h
e
switch
logic
diagram
.
t
h
e
b
ias
on
Q458,
Q466
and
Q474
.
C
h
anging
t
h
e
bias
on
t
h
e
base of
t
h
ese
transistors
also
ch
anges
t
he
emitter
voltage
t
hereb
y
ch
angi
n
g
t
he voltage
across
t
h
eir
associate
d emitter
RE
ADO
U
T
3
Ο
resistors
.
T
he
current
d
rawn
from
pi
n
Α
28
t
h
ro
ugh
Q458,
Q466,
or
Q474
and
t
h
eir
associate
d
emitter
resistors
d
ete
r
-
Deflection
F
actor
(
VO
L
TS/DI
V
K
nob
S
k
irt
and
mines
t
h
e
crt
rea
d
out
.
C
R
T)
E
it
h
er
of
two
lamp
bulbs
(DS417
or
D5421)
locate
d be
h in
d
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
k
no
b s
k
irt
illuminate
t
h
e
selected
d
eflec-
REPL
AC
E
A
BLE
ELE
CT
R
ICA
L
P
A
R
TS
PA
R
TS
ORDERING
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
R
e
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
arts
a
r
e
available
from
o
r t
hrough your
local
Te
k
t
r
o
n
ix,
I
n
c
.
Fiel
d
Office
o
r
re
p
rese
n
tative
.
C
h
a
n
ges
to
Te
k
tro
n
ix
i
n
str
u
me
n
ts
a
r
e
someti
m
es
ma
de
to
accommo
d
ate
i
mp
rove
d
com
pon
e
n
ts
as
t
h
ey
beco
m
e
availa
b
le,
a
nd
to
give
you
t
h
e
be
n
efit
o
f t
he
latest
ci
r
cu
it
improve
m
en
ts
develo
ped
i
n
o
ur e
n
gi
n
eeri
n
g
de
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
.
It is t
h
erefo
r
e
im
p
o
r
tant,
w
h
e
n
or
d
eri
n
g
pa
r
ts,
to
i
n
cl
ud
e
t
he
followi
ng
i
n
fo
rm
ation
i
n
yo
u
r
o
rd
e
r
:
Part
nu
m
ber,
i
n
st
rum
en
t
ty
p
e
or
numbe
r
,
serial
nu
mbe
r
,
a
nd
m
o
d
ificatio
nn
u
m
be
r
if
a
p
plicable
.
If
α
part
you
h
ave
ordere
d
h
as
bee
n
re
p
lace
d
wit
h α n
ew
or
i
mpr
oved
p
a
r
t,
your
local
Te
k
tro
n
ix,
Inc
.
Fiel
d
Office
o
r r
ep
rese
n
tative
will
con
tactyo
u
co
n
ce
rn
i
ng any c
h
a
n
ge
i
n pa
r
t
num
b
er
.
C
hange
i
n
for
m
atio
n
,
if
any,
is
locate
d
at
t
h
e
rea
r
of
t
h
is
ma
nu
al
.
S
PE
CIA
L
N
OT
E
S
A
N
D
SY
MB
O
L
S
ΧΟΟΟ
Pa
r
t fi
r
st
a
dd
e
d
at
t
h
is
serial
numb
e
r
ΟΟΧ
Pa
r
t
removed
afte
r t
h
is
serial
number
.
ITEM
NAME
In
t
h
e
Parts
List,
an
Item
Na
m
e
is
se
p
a
r
ated
f
r
om
t
h
e desc
r
i
p
tio
nb
y α
colon
( :)
.
Because
of s
pace
li
m
itatio
n
s,
an
Ite
m
N
a
m
e
may
sometimes
a
pp
ea
r
as
i
n
com
p
lete
.
Fo
r
furt
h
e
r Ite
mN
a
m
e
i
d
en
tificatio
n
,
t
h
e
U
.S
.
Fe
d
e
r
al
Catalogi
n
g
H
a
nd
book
Η
6-1
ca
n
be
utilized
w
h
ere
p
ossible
.
ABBREVIATIONS
ACT
R
ACT
U
ATOR
PL
STC
PL
ASTIC
ASSY
ASS
EMBL
Y
QTZ
Q
U
A
R
TZ
CA
P
CA
P
ACITO
R
RE
C
P
RE
C
EP
TAC
LE
C
ER
C
ER
A
M
IC
RE
S
RE
SISTO
R
C
K
T
CI
R
C
U
IT
RF
R
ADIO
FRE
QUEN
CY
CO
MP
CO
MP
OSITIO
N
S
EL
S
ELE
CT
E
D
CO
NN
CO
NNE
CTO
R
S
EM
ICO
N
D S
EM
ICO
N
D
U
CTO
R
EL
CT
LT
ELE
CT
R
O
L
YTIC
S
EN
S
S
EN
SITI
VE
ELE
C
ELE
CT
R
ICA
L
V
A
R
V
A
R
IA
BLE
I
N
CA
N
D
I
N
CA
N
D
E
SC
EN
T
WW
W
I
REW
O
UN
D
LE
D
LIG
H
T
EM
ITT
J
N
G
DIOD
E
X
FMR
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
RMER
N
O
NW
I
R
NON
W
I
REW
O
UN
D
XTA
L
C
R
YSTA
L
Section
3-5Α
26
/
