ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ιι
ι
Ι
T
EK
T
R
O
N
IX
1
1
1
1
1
Te
k
tronix,
Inc
.
Ρ
.
Ο
.
Box500
Beaverton,
O
r
egon
97077
ι
ο 7
α
-
ιο
47-
οο
I
N
ST
R
UCTIO
N
M
A
NU
A
L
Serial
Number
F
irst
P
ri
n ting
JUNE
1975
WARRANTY
All
TEKTRONIX
instruments
are
w
arrantedagainst
detectivematerials
and
wor
km
an
shi
p
for
one
y
ear
.
A
ny
q
u
estions
w
ith
r
espect
to'
the
w
arra
n
t
y
s
h
o
u
ld
betaken
up
with
your
TEKTRONIX
Field
En
gi
neer
-
or
representative
.
All re
qu
ests
for
repairs
and
replacement
parts
sh
o
u
ld
b
e
directed
to
the
TEKTRONIX
F
iel
d
Office
or
representative
in
your
area
.
This
ωίΗ
assu
re
you
t
h
e
fastest
possible
service
.
P
lease
include
instrument
Type
N
u
mber
o
r
P
art
Number
and
Ser
Number
w
ith all
re
qu
estsfo
r
parts
or
ser
u
ί
r
e
.
Specifications
and
price
change
privileges
reserved
.
Co
p
yrig
h
t ,
1975
by
Te
k
tro
n
ix,
Inc
.,
B
eaverto
n
,
Oregon
.
P
rinte
d
i
n
t
he
U
n
ited
States
of
A
m
erica
.
All
rig
h
ts
reserved
.
Contents
of
t
h
is
p
ublicatio
n
m
ay
not
be
re
p
roduce
d
i
n
any
fo
r
m
w
it
hou
t
p
er
m
ission
of
Te
k
troni
x
,
Inc
.
U
.S
.A
.
and
foreig
n
T
E
K
T
R
ON
IX
products
co
vered
by
U
.S
.
a
nd
foreig
n
paten
ts
and/or
pate
n
ts
pe
ndi
n
g
.
T
EK
TR
ON
IX
is
α
registere
d
trademar
k
of
Tektronix,
Inc
.
ι
10
ι
ι
TA
BLE O
F
CO
N
T
ENTS
P
AG
Ε
P
AG
Ε
LIST
O
F
ILLUSTRATIONS
i
S
E
CTIO
N
2
T
HE
O
R
YO
F
O
PER
ATIO
N
L
IST
O
F
TA
BLE
S
i
BL
OC
K
DIAG
R
A
M
DE
SC
R
I
P
TIO
N
2-1
S
E
CTIO
N
1
O
PER
ATI
NG
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
S
CI
R
CU
IT
O
PER
ATIO
N
2-2
PREP
A
R
ATIO
N
F
O
RU
SE
1-1
PRE
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
2-2
CO
N
T
R
O
L
S,
CO
NNECTO
R
S,
A
ND
1-1
OU
T
PU
T
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
S
2-3
I
N
DICATO
RS
RE
ADO
U
T
2-5
B
ASIC
O
PER
ATIO
N
1-3
P
re
p
aration
1-3
S
E
CTIO
N
3
REPL
AC
E
A
BLE
ELE
CT
R
ICA
L P
A
R
TS
Ste
p
Attenuator
B
alance
Ad
j
ustme
n
t
1-3
Gain
C
h
ec
k
1-4
S
E
CTIO
N
4S
ERV
ICE
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
D
E
TAI
LE
D
O
PER
ATI
N
G
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
1-4
S
ERV
IC
ES
A
V
AI
L
A
BLE
4-1
Applying
Signals
1-4
M
AI
N
T
EN
A
NC
E
4-1
P
re-C
h
arging
1-4
Circ
u
it
B
oar
d
R
emoval
4-1
Sig
n
al
In
p
ut
Connectors
1-4
AD
JU
ST
MEN
TS
A
F
T
ER
REP
AI
R
4-1
H
ig
h Im ped
ance
In
p
u
t
1-5
DIAG
R
AM
S
4-2
Dis
p
lay
P
olarity
1-5
BL
OC
K
DIAG
R
A
M
Deflection
F
actor
1-5
AD
JU
ST
MEN
T
PR
OC
E
D
URE
V
oltage
Comparison
M
eas
urements
1-5
P
A
R
T
L
OCATIO
N
S
A
N
D
DIAG
R
AM
S
Diffe
r
en
tial
O
p
eration
1-5
V
oltage
Pr
obes
1-6
S
E
CTIO
N
5
REPL
AC
E
A
BLE
ME
CH
AN
ICA
LP
AR
TS
Differential
M
easurements
1-6
S
PE
CI
F
ICATIO
N
S
1-7
C
H
A
N
G
E
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
LIST
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG
URE
FIG
URE
NO
.
P
AG
E
NO
.
1-1
5
Α
26 Du
al
Differential
Am
p
lifier
.
ii
4-3
A
dju
stment
locations
.
1-2
Front-panel
cont
r
ols,
conn
ectors
an
d
1-2
4-4
Α
1,
A2-Channel
1
an
d 2
Pr
eam
p
lifier
circuit
i
nd
icators
.
b
oar
d
component
an
d
test
p
oint
locations
.
1-3
Dimensions
.
1-9
4-5
Α
2,
A2-Channel
1 a
nd 2 P
reamplifier
circuit
2-1
F
loating
P
ower
Su pp
ly
d
etaile
d
bloc
k
2-4
boar
d
locatio
n
s .
d
iagram
s
h
owing
sta
n
d
i
ng
cu
r
re
n
t
p
at
h
s
4-6
A3-Main
circuit
boa
r
d
com
po
n
e
n t a
n
d
test
t
hrough
t
he P
ream
p
lifie
r
.
p
oint
locatio
n
s
.
T
he
ill
u
strations
in
Section
4
are
locate
d on
fol
dout
pages
4-7
A3-Main
ci
r c
u
it
b
oar
d
locatio
n
.
at
t
h
e
back
of
the
ma
n
ual
.
4-8
A3-Main
circ
u
it
b
oar
d
component
locations
.
4
4-9
A3-Main
circuit
board
location
.
-1
Circ
u
it
b
oar
d
locations
.
4-2
Common-mode
re
j
ectio
n
(cm
r )
display
.
L
IST
O
F
TA
BLE
S
TA
BLE
NO
.
P
AG
Ε
1-1
E
lectrical
Sp
ecifications
1-7
1-2
E
nvironmental
S
p
ecifications
1-8
1-3
Ph
ysical
Specifications
1-8
5
Α
26
Fig
.
1-1
.
5
Α
26
Dual
Differential
Amplifier
.
ι
ι
ι
ι
T
h e
5
Α
26
Dual
Differe
n
tial
Am
p
lifier
is
α
d
ual-trace
h
ig
h
-gain
d
ifferential
amplifier
plug-in
for
u
se
wit
hTe
k
tronix
5000
Series
Oscilloscopes
.
T
h
e
unit
contains
two
i
d
entical
in
d
e
p
en
dent
am
p
lifier
chann
els
t
h
at
feature
h
ig
h
sensitivity
an
d
α
h
ig
h
common-
mo
d
e re
j
ectio
n
ratio
.
E
ach c
h
a
n
nel
h
as
α
ban
dwid
t
h
capability
of
do
to
1
mega
h
ertz,
an
d α
front-
p
a n el
pu
s
h button switch
allows
t h e
re
d uction of
t
h
e
up
p
er
b
an
d
widt
h
limit,
t
hu
s
increasing
t
h
e
signal-to-
n
oise
ratio
for
low
freq
u
ency
applications
.
E
it
h
er
chann
el
may
be
used
for
single
c
h
annel
d
isplays,
or
electronically
switche
d
to p
ro
d uce
dual-trace
dis
p
lays
.
An
ill
u
minate
d k
no
b sk
irt
provi
d
es
α
d
eflectio
n factor
rea
dout,
w
h
ic h
is
also
d
isplayed
on
t
h
e
crt
w
h
en used
i
n an
oscillosco
p
e
with
rea
dou
t
cap
abilities
.
PREP
A
R
ATIO
N
F
OR
US
E
4
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
Switc
h
es-
V
olts
per
ma
j
or
graticule
Ο
d
ivisio
n
.
Selects
calibrate
dd
eflection
factors
from
'
T
he
5
Α
26
is
cali
b
rate
d
an
d
ready
for
use
w
h
en
receive
d
.
50
microvolts/
d
ivision
to
5
volts/division
;
16
steps
in
T
he unit
may
be
installed
in
any
p
l
u
g-in
com
p
artment
.
R
e-
α
1-2-5
se
q
uence
.
Kn
ob
s
k
irt is
illuminate
d
to
in
d
i-
fer
to
t
he oscilloscope
instruction
man
u
al
for
information
cate d
eflection
factor,
and
10
Χ
scaling
of
bot
h k
no
b
on
Χ
-
Υ
operation
.
To
install,
align
t
he u
pp
er
an
d
lower
s
k
irt
and
crt rea
d
out
is
provi
de
d
automatically
w
h
en
grooves
of
t
h
e
5
Α
26
with
t
he
plug-in
compartment
trac
k
s,
α
10
Χ
co
d
e
d p
robe
is
used
.
an
d
fully
i
n
sert
t
he 5
Α
26
u
n
til
it
loc
k
s
i
nto place
.
To
re-
move,
pull
t h e
release
latc
h
to
disengage
t
h
e
5
Α
26
from
t
he
'
~
oscillosco
p
e
.
CA
L
(
V
aria
b
le
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
)
Controls-
P
rovi
d
es
υη
-
calibrated
continuously
varia
b
le
d
eflection
factors
between
t
he
cali
b
rate
d
settings
of
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
CO
N
T
R
O
L
S,
CO
NNE
CTO
R
S,
A
N
D
I
N
DICATO
R
S
switc
h
and
exten
d
s
t
h
e
d
eflection-factor
range
to
12
.5
volts/
d
ivision
.
T
h e
following
descri
b
es
t
h
e
f
u
nction
of
t
h
e
front-
p
anel
controls,
con
n
ectors,
an
d
indicators
.
R
efer
to
F
ig
.
1-2
for
t
he
locatio
n of
t
h
e
co
n
trols,
con
necto
r
s
and
in
d
icators
.
M
ore
information
is
given
u
nder
Detaile
d
O
p
erating
Information
.
DIS
PL
AY
P
ush
B
utton-Applies
and
removes
logic
levels
to
t
he oscilloscope
system
to
enable
or d
isa
b
le
p
lug-in
o peration
.
Switc
h
is
functional
on
ly
w
hen
p
l
u
g-in
is
op
erate
d
in
one
of
t
he
vertical
d
eflectio
n
p
l
u
g-in
compartments
.
Ο
2
P
OS
Co
n
trols-
P
ositions
d
is
p
lay
vertically
.
ι
BW
L
I
M
IT Pu
s
h
B
uttons-Allows
re
du
ction of
t
he
upper b
andwi
d
t
h
limit
to
increase
t
h
e
signal-to-noise
ratio
for
low-frequency
applications
.
Selects
upp
er
ban
dwi
d
t
h
limit
at
eit
h
er
1
mega
h
ertz
(
bu
tton
o
u
t)
or
10
k
ilo
h
ertz
(
bu
tton
in)
.
O
PER
ATI
N
G
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
S
Section
1-5
Α
26
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
Ad
j
ustments-
B
ala
n
ces
t
h
e
in
p
ut
am
p
lifier
for
minimum
trace
s
h
ift
t
hrou
g
h
o
u
t t
h
e
d
eflection
factor
gain-switc
h
ing
ra
n
ge
.
Input
Coup
li
n
g
P
ush B
uttons
AC-O
U
T:DC
.
B
utton
pus
h
e
d
in
selects
cap
acitive
coupling
of
signal
app
lie
d
to
associate
d
+
or
-
inp
u
t
connecto
r
;
button out
selects
d
irect
couplin
g
of inp
u
t
sig
n
al
.
GND
.
Grou
n
d
s t
he preamplifier
in
p
ut
an
d
connects
input
signal
to
groun
d
t
hroug
h
α
1
mego
h
m
resistor
.
PRE
CH
G
.
B
ot
h
AC
and
GN
D
b
uttons
pus
hed
in
p
ermits
p
rec
h
arging of
t
h
e
cou
p
ling
cap
acitor
to
t
h
e
input
sig
n
al
d
o
level
.
R
elease
GN
D
button
fo
r
measurement
.
M
OD
EP
ush
B
utton
s-Select
c
h
annel to
b
e d
is
played
an
d
illumi
n
ate
t
h
e
p
ro
p
er
d
eflection
factor
setting
(1
Χ
or
10
Χ
)
on
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h k
no
b sk
irt
.
B
oth buttons
pus
hed
i
n
provides
α
du
al-trace
d
isplay
.
Operating
Instructions-5A26
r
ο
Fig
.
1-
2
.
Front-panel
controls,
connectors,
and
indicators
.
Operating
Instructions-5A26
ι
ι
AC
O
UT
:
DC
(b
utton out)
+
an
d
-
In
p
u
t
Connectors-
BN
C
connectors
for
app
li-
cation of
external
voltage
signals
.
Connector
labele
d
GN
D
GND
(
bu
tton
in)
+
indicates
t
h
at
α
p
ositive-going
signal
will
cause
upwar
d
d
eflectio
n
;
connector
la
b
ele
d
-
indicates
t
h
at
M
OD
E
CH
1
an
d
CH
2
α
positive-going
sig
n
al
will
cause
downwar
d d
eflectio
n
.
(
b
uttons
in)
Con
nectors
inclu
de
co
d
e
d
-
p
rob
e
input
rings
for
activating
t
h
e
rea
d
ou
t
w
hen
using
readout-co
d
e
d
p
robes
.
d
.
A
d
j
ust
intensity
control for
normal
viewing
.
Traces
s h
oul
d
a
pp
ear
near
gratic
u
le
center
.
B
ASIC
O
PER
ATIO
N
e
.
Set
t
he
VO
L
TS/D
Ι
V
switc
h
es
to
.1
.
If
traces
s
h
ift,
Preparation
a
d
ju
st
t
he
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
control
as
d
escri
bed
in
'
T
h e
following
procedures
are
i
n
te
nded to
h
el
p p
lace
t
h
e
trace
on
t
h
e
sc
r
ee
n
q
uic
k ly
and
prepare
t
he
instrument
for
immediate
use
:
'
α
.
I
n
sert
5
Α
26
all t
he
way
into
oscillosco
p
e
plug-in
com
p
artment
.
ι
T
R
IGG
ER
Push
Bu
tton-Selects
time
base
triggeri
n
g
signal
from
eit
h
er
channel
.
b
.
Turn
oscilloscope Intensity
control to
mi
d
ra n
ge
an
d
t
u
rn
oscilloscope
syste
m
p
ower
on
.
P
reset
time-b
ase
an
d
triggering
controls for 2
millisecon
d
/
d
ivision
sweep
rate
10
and
a
u
tomatic
triggeri
ng
.
c
.
Set 5
Α
26
front-
pan
el
controls
as
follows
:
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
DIS
PL
AY
ON
(butto
n
in)
T
RIGG
ER
OU
T
:
CH
1
(b
u
tto
n
out)
P
OS
M
i
d
ra
nge
BW
L
I
M
IT
OU
T
: 1
MHz
(b
utton
o
u
t)
V
O
L
TS/D
1
V
5
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
M
i
d
ra
nge
C
H
1
an
d CH2
+
Input
Cou
p
li
n
g
CH
1
an
d
C
H
2
-
In
p
ut
Coupling
Step
Attenuator
B
alance
A
dju
stment
proce
dure
.
f
.
M
ove
CH
1
trace
2 d
ivisions
b
elow
graticule
h
orizontal
centerline,
and
C
H
2
trace
to b
ottom
of
graticule
wit
h
P
OS
controls
.
g
.
Apply400
millivolt
pea
k
-to-
p
ea
k
signal
fro
m
oscillo-
scope
cali
b
rator
loop
wit
h α
test
lea
d or
1
Χ
p
ro
be
to
CH
1
+
in
p
ut
connector
.
h
.
R
elease
CH
1
+
GND
b
utton
.
Disp
lay
will
be
α
s
qu
a r
e
wave
4
d
ivisions
in
amplitude
with
bottom
of d
is
p
lay
at
refere
n
ce esta
b
lis
hed
in
step
(f)
.
i
.
P
osition
b
ottom
of
s
q uare
wave
to
graticule
h
orizontal
centerline
.
j
.
Pu
s
h
in
C
H
1
+
AC
button an
d
note
t h at
display
s
h
ifts
d
ownwar
d 2
divisio
n
s .
k
.
Disconnect
test
lead
from
CH
1
+
in
put an d connect
to
C
H
2
+
in
pu
t
.
Ι .
P
ush
in
T
RIGG
ER
butto
n
for
CH
2
triggering
an
d
repeat
ste
p
s
(f) t
h
ro
ug
h
(j)
for
CH2
operation
.
AC
OU
T
:
DC
(button
Ste
p
Attenuator
B
alance
A
d
j
ustment
Out)
Wh
en
t
h
e
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
control
is
not
properly
a
dj
ust-
ed
,
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
will
s
h
ift
vertically
(
d
ue
to
α
do
imbala
nce
i
n
GND
G
ND
(
button
in)
t
he
am
p
lifier)
as
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
is
rotate
d
t
h
ro
ugh
-
out
its
range
.
T
he
s
h
ift
is
more
noticeable
on
t
he
most
sensitive
positio
n
s
.
Op
erating
Instructions-5A26
α
.
Set
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch to 5
.
Ground
bot
h
+
an
d
-
b
.
Wait
about
1
second
for
coupling
ca
p
acitor
to c
h
arge
.
inputs
(G
N
D
bu
ttons
pu
s
h
e
d
in)
and p
osition
trace
to
graticule
h
orizontal centerline
.
c
.
R
elease
GND
bu
tton
a n
d ac
com
p
onent
can
b
e
meas
u
re
d
in
usual
manner
.
b
.
A
dj
ust
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L control
for
minim
u
m
trace
s
h
ift
as
VOL
TS/DI
V
switch
is
rotate
d
t
h
rou
g
ho u
t
its
range
.
Signal
In
p
ut
Connectors
Wh
en
connecting
signals
to
t
h
e
+
an
d
-
in
p
ut
connectors
on
t
h
e
5
Α
26,
consi
d
er
t
h
e
met
h
od
of co
up
ling
that
will
be
,
Gain
C
heck
u
se
d
.
Sometimes
un
s
h
iel
d
e
d
test
leads
can
b
e
u
se
d to
Wh
en
t
h
e
5
Α
26
is
first
inserte
d into
α
p
lug-in
com
p
artment,
connect
t
h
e
5
Α
26
to α
signal
sou
rce,
p
artic
u
larly
w
h
e
n
α
t
h
e
amplifier
gain
may
be
c
hec
k
e
d
an
d
ad
j
usted
if
necessary
.
h
ig
h
level,
low-frequency
signal
is
monitore
d
at
α
low
i
m
-
See
A
d
ju
stment
Proce
d
ure
in
Section
4
of
t
h
is
manual
for
p
ed
ance
p
oint
.
H
owever,
w
h
en
any
of
t h
ese
factors
are
com
p
lete
i
n
structions
.
missing,
it
becomes
i
n
creasingly
important
to use
s
h
iel
d
ed
signal
ca
b
les
.
In
all
cases,
t
he
signal-trans
p
orting
lea
d
s
s h
ou
l
d
be
k
e
p
t
as
s
hort
as
practical
.
D
E
TAI
LE
DO
PER
ATING
I
NFO
RM
ATIO
N
Applying
Signals
Wh
en
ma
k
ing
si
n
gle-e
n
ded
i
np
ut
measurements
(conve
n
tio
n
al
amplifier operation), b
e
sure
to
establis
h
α
common
groun
d
con
nection
between
t
h e
d
evice
un
d
er test
an
d
t
he
5
Α
26
.
T
h e
s
h
iel
d of α
coaxial
cable
is
normally
u
se
d
for
t h
is
pur
pose
.
ι
ι
If
t
h
e
maxim
u
m
input
voltage
rating
at
t
he gates
of
t
h
e
input
FE
T's
is
exceeded,
t
he
gates
a
r
e
In
some
cases,
d
ifferential
meas
u
rements
re
q
uire
no
common
clampe
d
at
about
+
or
-
10
volts
.
If
t
h
e
signal
ground
connection,
a
n
d
t
h
erefore
are
less s
u
sce
p
tible
to
sou
r
ce
can
supply
m
ore
t
ha
n
1/16
ampere,
t
he
interference
by
ground-loop
currents
.
Some
pro
b
lems
wit
h
input
protective
fuse(s)
will
o
p
e
n
.
stray
magnetic
co
u
pling
into
t
h
e
signal
transporting
leads
can
also
be
minimize
d
by
u
sing
α
d
ifferential
rat
h
er
t
h
an
α
single-en
d
e
d
measurement
.
T
h
ese
consi
d
eratio
n
s
are
d
is
Wh
en meas
u
ring
unk
now
n
voltages,
use
t
he h
ig
h
est
deflection
cu
sse
d
later
in
this
sectio
n
under
Differential
O
p
eration
.
factor
first
.
If
t
he deflection
is
too
small
to
ma
ke
t
he
meas
u
rement,
switch to
α
lower
deflectio
n
factor
.
It is
always
im
portant to
consi
der
t h e
signal so
urce
loa
d
ing
(an
d
res
u
lting
ch
ange
in t
he
source
operating
c
h
aracteristics)
'
P
re-C
h
arging
d
u
e to
t
he
signal-trans
p
orting
lea
d
s
an
d
t
he inp
u
t
circ
u
it
of
Wh
en
only
t
he ac
com
p
onent
of
α
signal
having
bot
h
ac
and
t
h e
5
Α
26
.
T
h
e
circuit
at
t
he
in
pu
t
connectors
can
normally
d
o
components
is
to
b
e
measured,
t
h
e
p
re-c
h
arge
circ
u
it
b
e
re
p
rese
n
te
d
by
α
1
mego
h
m
resistance
to
ground
p
arallel-
permits
c
h
arging
t
he
co
u
p
ling
ca
p
acitor
to
t
h
e
inpu
t
signal
ed
by
about
47
p
icofarads
.
Α
few
feet
of
s
h
iel
ded
ca
b
le
,
d
o
level
.
(20
to
40
p
icofara
d
s
p
er
foot)
may
increase
t
h
e
p
arallel
capacitance
to
100
picofarads
or
more
. I
n
ma
ny
cases,
t
h
e
effects
of
t
h
ese
resistive
and cap
acitive
loa
d
s
may
be
too
great
and
it
may
be
desira
b
le
to
minimize
t
h
em
t
h
roug
h
t
h
e
,
CAUTION
use
of
an
attenuator
pro
be
.
If
t
h
e
5
Α
26
input
is
connected
to
α
large
d
o
voltage
sour
ce
(10
volts
pea
k or
mo
r
e),
use
t
he
p
rech
arge
provision
.
Damage
to
t
h
e
signal
Attenuator
probes
not
only
decrease
t
he
resistive-ca
p
acitive
so
u
rce
could
r
esult
since
t
he
pea
k
current
loa
d
ing
of
α
signal
source,
but
also
exten
d
t
he
measureme
n
t
t
hro
u
gh
t
h
e
ac
coupling
capacitor
and
t
he
range of
t
h
e
5
Α
26
to
inclu
d
e
substantially
h
ig
h
er
voltages
.
input
protection
circuitry
is
limited
only
by
Passive
atten
u
ator
p
rob
es
h
avi
n
g
attenuation
factors of
10
Χ
,
,
t
he
signal
source
internal
resistance
.
100
Χ
,
and
1000Χ
,
as
well
as
oth
er
s
p
ecial-
pu
r
pose
types,
are
available
t
h
roug
h
your
Te
ktronix
F
ield
E
ngineer
or
F
iel
d Office
.
α
.
B
efore
co
n
necting
5
Α
26
to
α
signal
contai
n
ing
α
d
o
com
p
one
n
t,
p
us
h
in
AC
and
G
N
D
b
uttons
.
T
h
en
connect
Some
measureme
n
t
situations
re
q
uire
an
extremely
h
ig
h
inpu
t
to
circ
u
it
u
nd
er test
.
resistance
in
pu
t
to
t
he 5
Α
26
with
very
little
sou
rce
loadi
n
g
ι
ι
1
1
ι
or
signal
attenuation
.
In
s
uc
h
situatio
n
s,
α
passive
attenuator
Deflection
F
actor
p
robe
cannot
b
e
used
.
H
owever,
t
h
is
proble
m
may
be
solved
The
amount
of trace d
eflection
produced by
α
signal
is
'
by
using α
FE
T
Pr
obe
or
t
he h
ig
h-imp
e
d
ance
i
np
ut
p
rovision
determi
n
e
d
by
t h e
signal
am
p
litu
d
e,
t
h
e
atten
uation
(if
any)
of
t
h
e
5
Α
26
as
described u
n
d
er
H
ig h
-Impe
d
ance
In
pu
t
.
of
t
h
e
pro
b
e,
t h
e
setting
of
t
h
e
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
an
d
t
he
setting
of
t
h
e
V
aria
b
le
control
.
T
h
e
d
eflection
factor
settings
are
calibrate
d
only
w
h
en
t
he
V
ariable
control
is
H
ig
h-Im
p
edance
In
put
rotate
d
f
u
lly
clockwise
i
n
to
t
he deten
t
p
osition
.
In
t
h
e
50
m
t
hro
u
gh
50
μ
p
ositions
of
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
w
here
t h
e
in
p
u
t
attenuator
is
not
used,
t
he
internal
gate
return
resistors
alone
esta
b
lis
h
t
he
1
mego
h
m
input
T
he
range
of
t
he
V
aria
b
le
control
is
at
least
2
.5
:1
.
It
provides
resistance
.
T
he
removal
of
t
he strap
from
t
he
P
ream
p
lifier
uncalibrated
d
eflection
factors
covering
t
h
e full
ra
nge
circuit
board
(see
F
ig
.
4-4,
C
hannel
1
and
2
P
reamplifier
between
t
he
calibrate
d
settings
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
.
circuit
board
com
p
onent
an
d
test
point
locations
in
t
he
T
he
V
ariable
control
can
be
set
to
exten
d
t
h e
d
eflection
Diagramsan
d P
arts
L
ists
sectio
n
)
d
isconnects
t
hese
resis-
factor to
at
least
12
.5
volts/
d
ivision
.
tors
fro
m
groun
d
an
d
permits
t
he
in
pu
t
FE
T
gates
to
float,
p
rovi
d
i
n
g α very
h
ig
h input
impe
d
ance
.
To
re
d
uce
noise
an
d
obtain
α
more
u
sa
b
le
d
is
p
lay
w
h e
n
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
is
set
to
t
h
e
more
se
n
sitive
p
ositions,
T
h
e
in
pu
t
signal
m
u
st
be
k
ept
to
r
elatively
low
amplit
u
des,
p
u
s
h
in
t
he
BW
L
I
M
IT
button
to
re
d
uce
t
h
e
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
to
since
t
h
e
d
eflection
factor
is
restricte
d to
50
millivolts/
10
kH
z
if
t
h
is
limit
does
not
a
ppreciably d
istort
t
he d
esire
d
d
ivision
t
hr
oug
h
50
microvolts/
d
ivision,
an
d
d
o
cou
p
li
n
g
features
of
t
h
e
signal
u
nde
r
ob
servation
.
must
b
e
u
se
d to p
rovi
d
e α
d
o
p
at
h
for
t
he
FE
T
gate cu
rre
n
t
.
V
oltage
Com
p
arison
M
easurements
O
p
erating
Instructions-5A26
NOTE
Some
a
pp
lications
re
q
uire
d
eflection
factors
ot
h
er
t
han
t h e
In
t
h
e
0
.1 volt to
5
volt
r
ange
of
t
he
V
O
L
TS/
fixe
d
values provided by
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
.
One
suc
h
DIV
switc
h
,
t
he
input
impedance
is
pa
r
alleled
a pp
lication
is
comparison
of
signal
am
p
litu
d
es
by
ratio
by
t
he
resistors
in
t
he
attenuato
r
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
rat
h
er
th
a
n
by
absolute
voltage
.
To
accom
p
lis
h
t
h
is,
a
pp
ly
"
strap
is
removed,
t
he atten
u
ation
ratio
is
α
reference
signal to
eit
h
er
+
or
-
inputs of
t
h e
5A26,
and
affected,
causing
t
he
deflectio
n facto
r
s
in
t
h
is
set
t h e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch and
V
aria
b
le
con
trol so
t
h
at
range
to
be
incorrect
.
To
determine
t
h
e
d
e-
t
he
r
eference
dis
p
lay
covers
t
h
e
d
esire
d
number
of
graticule
flect
ί
on
factor,
c
h
ec
k
t
h
e
deflection with
an
d
ivisio
n
s
.
Do
not
ch
ange
t
he
V
ariable
con
trol
settings
input
signal
of
k
nown
amplit
u
de
.
t
h
roug
h
out
t
he
subse
q
uent
comparisons
.
H
owever,
t h
e
settings
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch can
be ch
ange
d to
accommodate
large
ratios
.
In
d
oing
so,
regard
t
h
e
nu
m
b
ers
T
h
e
signal
source
impedance
is
an
important
factor,
since
w
h
ic
h designate
t
h
e
switc
h p
ositions
as
r
atio
factors
rat
h
er
gate
cu
rrent
will
p
ro
d
uce
an
offset
.
F
or
example,
α
100
t
h
an
voltages
.
p
icoampere
gate cu
rrent
t
h
ro
u
g
h
10
mego
h
ms
produces
α
1
millivolt
offset,
w
h
ic
h
may
result
i
n
sig
n
ificant
error
w
h
ere
small
voltages
are
of
concern
.
Differential
O
p
eration
Single-en
ded
meas
u
rements
often
yield
unsatisfactory
res
u
lts
beca
u
se
of
interfe
r
ence
resulting
from
ground-loop
currents
T
he
h
ig
h
-fre
q
uency
res
p
onse
will
also
d
epen
d
upon
t
h
e
b
etween
t h e
5
Α
26
and
t
he device
un
d
er test
.
In
oth
er
signal
sou
rce
im
p
eda
n
ce,
si
nce various
s
hu
nt ca
p
acitances
cases,
it
may
be
d
esirable
to
elimi
n
ate
α
do voltage
by
means
b
etween
t
h
e
source
and
t
he
input
gate
m
u
st
c
harge
an
d
ot
h
er
t
han
t
he
u
se
of
α
do block
ing
capacitor,
w
h
ic
h
co
u
l
d
d
isc
h
arge
t h
roug
h
t
h
at
i
mp
ed
ance
.
limit
t
he
low-frequency
res
p
onse
.
'
Dis
p
lay
P
olarity
T
h
ese
limitations
of
single-en
de
d
measurements
are
effectively
Single-ended
signals
a
pp
lie
d to
t
he
+
in
put
connector
pro-
eliminated
by
connecting
t
h
e
+
inp
u t
and
-
in
p
u
t
to
'
d
uce
α
d
is
p
lay
in
p
h
ase wit
h
t
h e
in
p
ut signal
.
Signals
a
pp
lie
d
selecte
d p
oints
in
t
h
e
test
circuit
.
Since
t
h
e c
h
assis
of
t
h
e
to
t
he
-
i
npu
t
connector
will
be
inverte
d
.
5
Α
26
nee
d
not
be
connecte
d
in
any
way
to
t
he
test circ
u
it,
t
h
ere are
few
limitations
to
t
h
e
selection
of
t
h
ese
test
points
.
In
any
case,
d
o
not
excee
d
t
he
maxim
u
m
safe
in
pu
t
voltages
.
Α
similar
polarity
relations
h
ip
exists for
d
ifferentially
a
pp
lie
d
.
s
ί
gnals,
but
p
ertai
n s
to
t
h
e
direction of voltage
c
h
ange
at
one
in
put with
res
p
ect
to
t h
e
ot
h
e
r
,
rat
h
er
t
han with
res
p
ect
T
h
e
+
an
d
-AC
bu
ttons
s h
ou
l
d both be
set
to
t
h e
same
to c
h
assis
potential
.
p
ositions,
d
epending
on
t
he
met
hod of
signal
coupling
requ
ire
d
.
O
p
e
r
ating
Instructions-5A26
Only
t
he
voltage d
ifference
between
two
signals
is
am
p
lifie
d
pro
b
es
are
s
h
iel
d
ed
to
prevent
pick
up
of
electrostatic
inter-
an
d
d
isplaye
d
in
differential
measurements,
w
h
ile t
h
e
common-
ference
.
Α
10
Χ
attenuator probe
offers
α
h
ig
h
in
put
mode
signals
(commo
n
i
n
am
p
lit
ude,
fre
q
uency
and
ph
ase)
impedance
and
allows
t
he
circuit
under
test
to
perform
very
are
re
j
ecte
d
.
close
to
normal
operating
con
d
itions
.
See
yourTe
k
tronix,
Inc
.,
catalog for
c
h
aracteristics
and
compati
b
ility
of
probes
for
u
se
wit
h
t
h
is
system
.
T
he ab
ility
of
t h
e 5
Α
26
to
re
j
ect
common-mo
d
e
signals
is
in
d
icated
by
t
he
commo
n-mo
de
re
j
ection
ratio
(cm
r
r)
.
Cmrr
is
at
least
100,000
:1
at
t
h
e
input
con
n
ectors
from
50
microvolts/
d
ivision
to
50
millivolts/
d
ivisio
n
w
hen
signals
between
doan
d
30
k
ilo
h
ertz
are
do
cou
p
led
to
t
he
in
p
uts
.
To
illustrate
t
h
is
ch
aracteristic,
assume
t
hat α
si
n
gle-en
d
ed
i
npu
t
signal
consists
of
an
unwante
d
60
h
ertz
signal
of
1
volt
pea
k
-to-pea
k
,
p
lus
α
d
esire
d
signal
of
1
millivolt
p
ea
k
-
to-peak
.
If
an
attem
p
t
is
ma
d
e
to
display
t h
e
describe
d
signal
(single-e
nd
e
d
meas
u
rement)
at
0
.2
millivolts/
d
ivision,
t
he
60
h
ertz
signal will
prod
uce
α
deflectio
n equ
ivalent
to
5000
d
ivisions
an
d
t
h
e
1
millivolt
signal
will
b
e
lost
.
Outsi
d
e infl
uences such
as
magnetic
fiel
d
s
can
also
degrade
t
h
e
performance,
partic
u
larly
w
hen
low
level
signals
are
involved
.
M
agnetic
i
nterference
may
be
minimize
d
by
using
i
d
entical
sig
n
al-t
r
ansp
orting
leads
to
t
he
two
in
pu
ts
an
d
twisti
ng
t
he
two
lea
d
s
toget
h
er
over
as
much
of
t
h
eir
lengt
h
as
p
ossi
b
le
.
COD
E
D
PR
O
BE
S
.
T
h
e
5
Α
26
is
d
esigne
d
for
com
p
atibility
wit
h
co
d
e
d
pro
b
es,
suc
h
as
t
he
Te
ktronix Ρ
6062
Α
1
Χ
/10
Χ
P
assive
P
robe
.
T
h
e
+
an
d
-
i
npu
t
connectors
h
ave
an
o
u
ter
ring
to
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
cod
ing
pin
on
t
he
probe
connector
ma
kes
contact
.
T
h
is
typ
e
of
probe
allows
t
h
e
vertical
d
eflection
factor
in
d
icate
d
by
t
he
rea
d
out
to
corres
pon
d
wit
h
t
h
e
actu
al
voltage
at
t
h
e
probe
ti
p
,
elimi
n
ating
t
he
need
to
consid
er
t
he
atte
nu
ation
factor
w
hen
meas
u
ring
t
h
e
signal
am
p
lit
ude
on
t
h
e
graticule
scale
.
If t h e
same
1
millivolt
signal
is
meas
u
re
dd
ifferentially
with
Differential
M
easurements
t
he
60
h
ertz
signal
common
to both
inputs,
no
more
t
han
T
h
e
following
a
d
ju
stment
procedure
is
recommen
d
ed
w
hen
one
part
in
100,000
of
t
h
e
common-mode
signal
will
a
pp
ear
p
re
p
aring
to
u
se
twoTe
ktronix Ρ
6062
Α
probes
for
differen-
in
t
he display
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
signal
will
produce
α
dis
p
lay
of
tial
measurements
in
t
h
e
10
Χ
mo
de
.
5 d
ivisions,
with not
more
t
han
0
.1
division
of
d
is
p
lay
pro
d
uce
d
by
t
h
e
common-mo
d
e
signal
(cmrr
n
ot
s
p
ecifie
d
w
h
en
resi
d
ual
dis
p
lay
is
0
.1
d
ivision
or
less)
.
α
.
Connect
one
probe
for d
c-cou
p
le
d
,
si
n
gle-e
n
ded
operation
to
C
H
1
+
in
put
.
Obtain
triggere
d
d
is
p
lay
of
an
app
ropriate
s
quare
wave,
such
as t h
at
from
α
calibrator
T
here
are α
n
umber
of
factors
w
h
ic
h
can
degra
d
e
common-
or
square-wave
generator
.
Com
p
ensate
p
rob
e
s
quare-
mode
re
j
ectio
n
.
T
h e
princi
p
le
requirement
for
maxim
u
m
wave
response
wit
h
p
robe
com
p
e
n
sation
a
dju
stment-
re
j
ection
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
com
m
on-mode
signal
ar
r
ives at
t
he input
FE
T
gates
in
p
recisely
t
h
e
sameform
.
Α
d
iffere
nce of
only
0
.01%
in t h e
atte
nuation
factors
of
t
h
e in
put
atte
nu
ators
b
.
Connect
α
secon
d p
robe
for dc-cou p
le
d op
eratio
n
may
re
d
uce
t
he re
j
ectio
n
ratio
to
10,000
:1
.
L
i
k
ewise,
any
to
C
H
1
-
in
put
.
Apply
100
volt
p
eak
-to-
peak
sq
uare
d
ifference
in
source
im
p
e
d
ance
at
t
h
e
two
p
oi
n
ts
in
t
h
e
wave
to both
pro
b
es
.
F
ree-ru
n
swee
p and a
dju
st
p
robe
source
un
d
er test
will
d
egrade
t
he
re
j
ection
ratio
.
Atten
u
ator
com
p
ensation
a
d
j
ustme
n
t
of
secon
d p
ro
b
e
for
minim
u
m
p
ro
b
es
w
h
ic h
do
not
h ave ad
j
usta
b
le
resistance
an
d
ca
p
aci-
d
is
p
lay
am
p
litu
de
.
tance
may
re
d
uce
t
h
e
re
j
ection
ratio
to
100
:1
or
less
.
c
.
Steps
(
α
)
an
d
(b)
matc
h
t
h e
probes
for
use
at
any
sensitivity
t
h
at
employs
t
he
partic
u
lar
input
attenuator
(1
Χ
or
100
Χ
)
used
in
steps
(
α
)
and
(b)
.
Wh
en
it is
necessary
to
u
se
t
h
e
ot
h
er
input
atten
u
ator,
steps
(
α
)
an d
(b)
s
hou
l
d
b
e
repeated
.
d
.
R
epeat
steps
(
α
),
(b),
and
(
ε
)
fo
r
C
h
annel
2
.
V
oltage
P
robes
e
.
Wh
en
examining
α small
d
ifferential
signal
in t
h
e
In
general,
probes
offer
t
h
e
most
conve
n
ient
means
of
presence
of
relatively
large
common-mo
d
e
components,
connecting
α
signal
to
t
h
e
in
pu
t
of
t
he 5
Α
26
.
Te
k
t
r
o
n
ix
ad
j
ust
pro
b
e
by
temporarily
connecting
b
ot
h prob
es
to
eit
h
er
of
t
h
e
two
signal
sources
.
Deflection
Factor
Cali
b
rated
R
ange
Accuracy
U
ncali
b
rate
d R
ange
Fre
q
uency
R
es
p
o
n
se
Ban
d
wid
t
h
(8
Div
R
eference)
DC
(Direct)
Co
u
pled
1
MH
z
10
kH
z
AC
(Ca
p
acitive)
Co
up
le
d
1
MH
z
10
kH
z
Ste
p
R
es
po
n
se
A
b
errations
Input
R and
C
M
aximu
m
Safe
Input
Voltage
DC
(Direct)
Co
up
le
d
50
μ
V
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
100
m
V
/Div to
5
V/Div
AC
(Ca
p
acitive)
Co
up
le
d
50
μV
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
100
m
V
/Div
to
5
V/Div
DC
R
e
j
ection
AC
(Capacitive)
Co
up
le
d
Inp
u
t
Gate Current
Common
Mo
d
e
R
e
j
ectio
n
DC
(Direct)
Coupled
C
h
aracteristics
50
μ
V
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
100
m
V
/Div
to
5
V/Div
SPE
CI
F
ICATIO
N
S
TA
BLE
1-1
Electrical
Sp
ecifications
50
μ
V
/
d
iv
to
5
V/
d
iv
in
α
1,
2,
5
seq
u
ence
.
W
it
h
in
2%
of
d
eflection
factor
setting
.
Variable
VO
L
TS/DI
V
control
p
rovi
d
es
con
ti
nuou
sly
variable
d
eflectio
n
factor
b
etwee
n
cali
b
rate
d
settings
an
d
exten
d
s
d
eflection factor
range
to
12
.5
V/
d
iv
.
Dc
to
at
least
1
MH
z
.
Dc
to
10
kH
z
with
i
n
20%
.
Performance
R
e
qu
irement
2
Hz
or
less
to
at
least
1
MHz
.
2
Hz
or
less
to
10
kH
z
wit
h
in
20%
.
O
p
erating
Instructions-5A26
+2°/
ο
,
-2°/
ο
or
less
.
Total
not
to
exceed
4°/
ο
ρ
-
p
.
1
ΜΩ
with
in
0
.15%
pa
r
allele
d by
a
p
p
roximately
47
p
F
.
10
V
(
d
c
+
pea
k
ac)
.
350
V
(
d
c
+
pea
k
ac)
.
350
V
do
(co
up
ling
ca
p
acitor pre-c
h
arge
d
)
10
V
p
ea
k
ac
.
350
V
(dc
+
pea
k
ac)
.
At
least
100,000
:1
after
20 min
ute
warmu
p
.
100
ρΑ
or
less
(100
μ
V
or
less
de
p
ending
on
exter
n
al
loadi
n
g) at
+25
°
C
.
At
least
100,000
:1
from
do
to
30
kH
z
with
up
to
20
V
ρ
-
ρ
sine
wave
.
At
least
300
:1
from
d
o
to
30
kH
z
wit
h
up
to
100
V
ρ
-
ρ
sine
wave
.
Operating
Instructions-5A26
Common
M
o
de
R
e
j
ection (continue
d
)
AC
(Cap
acitive)
Coupled
50
μ
V
/Div
to
50
m
V
/Div
W
it
h 2 Ρ
6062
Α
P
robes
Displaye
d
N
oise
(Tangentially
M
easure
d
)
C
h
a
n
nel
Isolation
at
1
MH
z
(Single-
E
n
d
ed)
C
h
a
n
nel
Isolation
at
30
kH
z
(Common
M
o
d
e)
Tempe
r
atu
re
Altitu
d
e
Sh
oc
k
Operati
n g
Storage
O
p
erating
Storage
V
ibratio
n
Operati
ng
Operating
a
nd
Storage
W
eig
h
t
Dime
n
sions
C
h
aracteristics
C
h
aracteristics
C
h
aracteristics
TA
BLE
1-1
(CO
N
T
.)
E
lectrical
Sp
ecifications
TA
BLE
1-2
E
nvironmental
S
p
ecifications
At
least
20,000
:1
at 5
kH
z
and ab
ove,
d
ecreasing
to
not
less
t
han
2000
:1
at
60
Hz
.
400
:1
at
10
Χ
p
ro
b
e
atten
uation
.
30μ
V
or
less
at
full
ban
d
wid
t
h
.
At
least
100
:1
wit
h 8 d
iv
sine
wave
applie
d
to
o
n
e
ch
annel
at
2
V
/
d
iv
and
oth
er
chan
n
el
at
1
m
V
/
d
iv
with
no
signal
applied
.
50
μ
V
or
less
at
any
d
eflection
factor
wit
h
20
V
ρ
-
ρ
si
n e
wave
a
p
plie
d to + an
d
-
i
nputs
of
eit
her
c
hannel
.
0
°
C
to
+50
°
C
.
-55
0
C
to
+70
°
C
.
To
15,000
F
eet
.
To
50,000
F
eet
.
TA
BLE
1-3
Ph
ysical
Specifications
See
F
ig
.
1-3,
Dimensions
.
P
erformance
R
equ
irement
P
erformance
R
e
q
uireme
n
t
15
minutes
alo
ng
eac
h
of
3
ma
j
or
axes
at
α
total
d
is-
placement
of 0
.015
inc
h
wit
h
frequency
varie
d
from
10
H
z to
50
H
z
to
10
H
z
in 1
minute
swee
p
s
.
H
ol
d
for
3
minutes
at
50
H
z
.
All
ma
j
or
resonances
must
be
above
50
H
z
.
To
30
g's,
1/2
sine,
11
ms
d
uration,
2
s h
oc
k s
per
axis
in
eac
h
d
irection
for
α
total
of 12
s
h
oc
k
s
.
Description
Ap
p
roximately
2
I
b
s,
3 oz
.
(1
kg)
.
ι
ι
σσ
0
00
(j
σσ
Νφ
σσσσ
σσσσ
0
ι
°
000000
ο
F
ig
.
1-3
.
Dimensio
n
s
.
Op
erating
Instructions-5A26
ι
1
ι
ι
T
h
is
sectio
n
of
t
h
e
manual
d
escri
b
es
t
h
e
operatio n of
t
he
circ
u
its
in
t
he
5
Α
26
Dual
Differe
n tial
Am
p
lifier
unit
.
Complete
sch
ematic
diagrams
a
nd
an
overall
b
loc
k
d
iagram
of
t
he
u
nit are
given
on
pullout
pages
at
t
he
b
ac
k of
t
h
is
manual
.
T
h
e
c
h
ann
el
'
1
and
channel 2
circuitry
is
essentially
i
d
entical
.
T
he
following
bloc
k d
iagram
and
circuit
operation
d
iscussio
n
s
a
p
p
ly
to
c
h
annel
1
with
exce
p
tio
n
s
i
n
clu
ded
w
h
ere applicable
.
ι
Wh
en
t
h
e
DIS
PL
AY
b
utton
is
presse
d
,
α
logic
level
is
a
pp
lie
d
T
h
e
BW
L
I
M
IT
10
kH
z
switc
h p
laces
α
ca
p
acitor
across
t
h
e
'
to
t
h
e
oscilloscope
to
ena
b
le
5
Α
26
o
pe
r
ation (switc
h
f
u
nc-
two
out
p
ut
Ι
ines
to
re
d
uce
t
h
e
ban
d
wi
d
t
h an
d,
t
h
us,
limit
tion
is
limited
to
operation
i
n
α
vertical
d
eflection
com
p
art-
t
h
e
noise
.
T
h e
signal
is
t
h
en
p
asse
d to
t h e
Output
Amplifier
ment)
.
t
h
roug
h
an
emitte
r
-follower
isolation
stage
.
'
Signals
a
pp
lie
d
to
t
h
e
+
and
-
input
connectors
can
be
p
asse
d
d
irectly
t
h
roug
h
t
he
i
nput
cou
p
li
n
g
switch
es
to
t
h
e
atten
u
ators
(
d
c
cou
p
le
d
)
or
t
h
ey
can
be
capacitively
(ac)
couple
d
to block
t
h
e
do
component
of
t h
e
signal
.
T
h
e
GND
switch
p
rovi
d
es
α gro
u
nd
reference
to
t
he
P
reamplifier
i
npu
t
.
'
T
h
e In
p
ut
Atten
uator
consists
of
fre
quen
cy-compensated
voltage
d
ivi
d
ers
.
1
Χ
attenuation
is
p
rovi
d
e
d for
t
h
e
50
μ
to
50
m
p
ositions
of
t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
switch
,
and100
Χ
'
.
atte
n
uation
is
p
rovi
d
ed
for
t
h
e
.1
to
5
p
ositions
.
B
alance
to α
low-frequency
common-mode
signal
b
etween
t
he
attenuators
of
t
he
two
inputs
is
set
by
a
dju
stment
of
t
h
e
i
n
ternal
LF
C
MR
potentiometer
.
C
h
annel
switc
h
ing
is
accom
p
lis
h
e
d
by
t
h
e
p
l
u g-i
n
M
OD
E
bu
ttons
an
d
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
nel
switc
h
signal
from
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
.
F
rom
t
h
e In
p
ut
Atte
n
uator,
t
he
signal
is
p
asse
d d
irectly
to
E
lectronic
switch
i
ng
p
rovi
d
es
α d
is
p
lay
of
eit
h
er
or
bot
h
t
h
e
Pr
eam
p
lifier
.
T
h
e
inpu
ts
to
t
he
P
ream
p
lifier
are
f u
se
channels
(
du
al-trace)
.
T
he
switc
h
ing
rate
in
d
ual-trace
'
a
n
d
d
io
de
protected
.
T
he
Pr
eamp
lifier
consists
of
two
o
peration
is
d
etermine
d by
t
he c
hannel-switch
sig
n
al re
p
eti-
i
d
entical
operational
am
p
lifiers
connecte
d
in
α d
iffere
n
tial
tion rate
from
t
he
oscilloscope,
configuration
.
Common-mo
d
e
signals
between
groun
d
an
d
t
h
e
two
in
pu
ts
are
re
j
ected, d ue to
α
bootstra pp
e
d
floating
p
ower
supply
t
h
at
moves
wit
h
t
h
e
common-mo
de
signal
to
T
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h control
is
ma
d
e
up
of
α
series
of
maintain
consta
n
t
o p
erating
c
h
aracteristics
of
t
he
active
cams
and
contacts
t
h
at
switch
in
pu
t
atten
u
ators,
select
t
he
devices
.
T
he d
ifference
b
etween
t
he
two
in
pu
ts is
amplified
.
pro
p
er
gai
n
-setting
resistors
in
t
he
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier,
'
T
h
e
co
n
stant
c
u
rrent
return
facilitates
t
h
e
d
o
balance
of
t
h
e
and
p
rovi
de
t h e
proper
crt
readout
d
ata
.
P
reamplifier
outputs
.
'
F
rom
t
he
P
ream
p
lifier,
t
he
signal
is
cou
p
le
d d
irectly
to
t
he
Gai
n
Switc
h
ing
Amplifier
.
Two
i
d
e
n
tical
o
p
erational
ampli-
fiers
an
d
α
series-
p
arallel
resistor
network
provide
t
he prop
er
'
gain for each
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch
setting
.
T
HE
O
R
Y
O
F
O
PER
ATIO
N
BL
OC
K
DIAG
RA
M
D
E
SC
R
I
P
TIO
N
Section
2-5
Α
26
T
h
e
output
diffe
r
e
n
tial
am
p
lifier
is
o
p
erate
d
push-pull,
presenting
α sig
n
al
to
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
terminal
t
h
at
is
of
t
h
e
same
p
olarity
as
t
h
at
a
p
plied
to
t h e
P
ream
p
lifier in
put
.
T
he
front-panel
V
ariable
VO
L
TS/DI
V
(CAL
)
an
d
internal
gain
controls
provi
de
α
means
of
varying
t
he
gain
of
t
he
5
Α
26
.
Α
p
ositioning-current
d
river
is
co
n
necte
d to
t
he
ou
t
put
lines
to
alter
t
he q
uiescent
trace
p
osition
.
Α
triggering
signal
is
tap
p
e
d
from
t
h
e
emitter-follower
isola-
tion
stage,
amplifie
d
an
d
ma
d
e
available
to
an
associate
d
time-base
p
lug-in
u
n
it
.
Triggering
signal
am
p
lit
u
de
is
abo
u t
0.25
volts
p
er
d
is
p
laye
d d
ivision
.
E
ither
of
two
lam
p
bulbs
be
h
i
nd
t
he k
no
b
s
k
irt
on
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
ill
u
minate
t
h
e
selecte
d d
eflectio
n facto
r
.
One
lam
p
lig
h
ts
for
1
Χ
deflectio
n
factor
;
t
h
e
ot
h
er
lig
h
ts
w
h
en
α
rea
d
out-code
d
p
robe
is
attac
h e
d
to
t
he
+
or
-
input
con
n
ectors
to
in
d
icate
α
10
Χ
deflection
factor
.
T
heory
of
Operation-5A26
CI R
C
U
IT
O
PER
ATIO
N
Circuits
uni
q
ue to
t
h
is
i
nstrumen
t
are
descri
b
e
d
in
d
etail
in
t
h
is
discussion
.
Circ
u
its
commo
n
ly
use
d
in
t
he
electronics
in
d
ustry
are
not d
escribe
d
in
d
etail
.
If
more
information
is
desire
d on
t
h
ese
co
m
monly
u
se
d
circ
u
its,
refer
to
t
h
e
following
text
b
oo
k
s
.
Ph
illi
p
Cutler,
"Semicon
du
ctor
Circ
u
it
Analysis",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1964
.
J
acob
M
illman an
d
H
e
r
bert
Taub, "
P
ulse
Digital
an
d Switc
h
ing
W
aveforms",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1965
.
Al
b
ert
Paul
M
alvino,
"Transistor
Circuit
Ap
p
roximations",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1973
.
Gor
d
on
V
.
Deboo,
"Integrated
Circ
u
its
and
Semicon
d
uctor
Devices",
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1971
.
L
loy
d Ρ
.
H
unter
(E
d
.),
"
H
an
d
b
oo
k
of
Semiconductor
E
lectronics",
th
ir
d
ed
itio
n
,
M
cGraw-
H
ill,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1970
.
T
h
e
n
umbers
insi
d
e t
he d
iamon
d
s
after
α
h
ea
d
i
ng
refer
to
t
h
e
sc
h
ematic
diagram
for
t
h
at
circ
u
it
locate
d
at
t
h
e
back
of
t
h
is
man
u
al
.
ι
ι
ι
1
ι
ι
ι
PRE
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
1
Ο
In
p
ut
Attenuators
T
h
e
Inp
u
t
Attenu
ators
consist
of
fre
qu
ency-com
p
e
n
sate
d
ΡΙυ
g-
Ιη
L
ogic
voltage
d
ivi
d
ers
t
h
at
p
rovi
de
100
Χ
atte
n
uation
in
t h e
.1
to
,
Wh
en
DIS
PL
AY
button
is
presse
d
,
α
logic
level
is
5 p
ositions
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
F
or
do and
low-
applied
to
t
he
electronic
switc
h
ing
circuit
in
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
fre
quency
sig
n
als,
t
he d
ivi
d
ers are
esse
n
tially
resistive
to
en
able
plug-in
o
p
eration
.
P
ower
is
a
pp
lied
to
ill
umin
ate
(attenuation
ratio
d
etermi
ned
by
t
h
e
resistance
ratio)
.
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
knob s
k
irt
b
e
h
in
d
t
h
e
p
ro
p
er
d
eflection
B
alance
between
t
he
atten
u
ators
of
t
he
two
inputs
for
low-
factor
w
hen
t
he
M
OD
E
bu
tton
is
p
resse
d
in
.
fre
quen
cy
common-mode
signals
is
set
by
a
d
j
usting
R
9,
LF
C
MR
.
At
h
ig
h
er
fre
q
uencies,
t
he
ca
p
acitive
r
eacta
n
ce
b
ecomes
effective
and
t
h
e
im
p
edance
ratio
d
etermines
t
h
e
Input
Cou
p
ling
atten
u
ation
.
6'
Signals
a
pp
lied
to
t
h
e
front-panel
+
an
d
-
i
npu
t
connectors
may
b
e
ca
p
acitive
couple
d
(ac),
d
irect
coup
le
d
(
d
c)
or
internally
grounded
t
h
roug
h
α
capacitor
and
resistor
.
Input
In
a
dd
ition
to
providing
constant
100
Χ
attenuation
at
all
'
coupling
is
selecte
d by
means
of
two
pus
h bu
tton
switc
h
es
fre
qu
encies
with
in
t
h
e
b
an
dwidt
h
ca
p
abilities
of
t
he
instr
u
-
at
each
in
pu
t
;
S2C
an
d
D
for
t
he
+
input
an
d
S2A
and Β
for
ment,
t
h
e
In
p
ut
Atte
n
uator
maintains
α
constant
in
p
ut
R
C
t
h
e
-
inp
u t
.
ch
aracteristic
(1
mego
h
m
paralleled
b
y
about
47 p
icofara
d
s)
for
t
h
e
.1
to
5 p
ositio
n
s
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
Α
signal
a
pp
lie
d
to
t
h
e
+
inp
u
t
wit
h b
ot
h bu
ttons
in
t
he out
position
(
d
c
cou
ple
d
)
is
p
asse
d
directly
to
t
h
e
Inpu
t
Atten
u
-
In
p
ut
P
rotection
ator
.
Wh
en
t
he
AC
bu
tton
is
p
resse
d
i
n,
C12
is
place
d
in
I
n
p
ut
p
rotection
consists
of
f
u
ses
F
20
and
F
30
and
dio
d
es
t
h
e
circuit
to
ac
couple
signals
of
abou
t
2 h
ertz
(-3
d
B
C
R
21,
CR
24,
CR
31,
and
CR
34
.
If
t
h e
signal
s
h
o
u
ld
reac
h
point)
and h
ig
h
e r
to
t
h
e
attenuator
.
Ca
p
acitor
C12
bloc
k
s
α
level
s
u
fficient
to
forward b
ias
one
of
t
h
e p
rotection
dio
d
es
any do
component
of
t
he
signal
.
Wh
en
t
he
GND
bu
tton
is
(
α
potential
greater
t
h
a n
about
12
.5
volts),
cu
rrent
will
be
,
p
resse
d
in,
α
groun
d
reference
is
p
rovi
ded
to
t
he
inp
u t
of
con
d
ucted
t
h
ro
u
gh
t
h
at
d
io
d
e,
p
rotecting
t
h
e
inp
u
t
FE'
r"
.
t
he
amplifier
wit
h
o
u
t t
h
e
need
to
remove
t
h
e
app
lied
signal
If
t
h
at
curre
n t s
h
oul
d exceed
t h e
fuse
rati
n
g,
t
h
e f u
se(s)
will
from
t
h
e
i
np
ut
connector
.
open
.
2-2
NOTE
P
ream
p
lifier
Wh
en
ac
coupled
with do
levels
of 10
volts
or
T
h
e
Pream p
lifier
consists
of
two
i
d
entical
op
erational
mo
r
e,
bot
h
t
h
e
Α
Cand
G
N
D
b
u
ttons
should
amplifiers
connecte
d
in
α d
ifferential
config
u
ration
.
b
e
p
r
essed
in
(PRE
C
H
G)
w
h
ile
inputconnec-
tions
are
made
or
brok
en,
or
w
h
en
voltage
levels
are
c
h
anged
.
This
allows
t
he co
u
pling
Th
e
op
erational
amplifiers
con
sist
of
054A,
Q60A,
and
capacitor
to
c
ha
r
ge without opening
t
h
e
input
Q64A
on
t
he
-
inp
u
t
side,
and
054
Β
,
060
Β
an
d
Q64
B
on
f
u
ses
or
overdriving
t
h
e
amplifier
.
t
h
e +
i
np
ut
si
d
e
.
Transistors
Q54A
a n
d
054
Β
provi
de
α
.
`
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ιι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
To
minimize
trace
s
h
ift
as
d
iffere
n
t
vertical
deflection factors
are
selecte
d
,
t
he o
u t
pu
ts
at
t
h
e
Q64A
and
Q64
B
collectors
are
do balanced
at
equal
p
otentials
so
t
hat
t h e
voltage
across
t
h
e
gain-setting
resistors
in
t
he
Gain-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
is
zero
at
all
settings
of
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switc
h
.
T
h
is
do
balancing
is
ach
ieve
d
by
a
dj
usting
R
89,
Atten
ΒαΙ
R
ange
an
d
R
72,
ST
EP
ΑΤΤΕΝ
B
A
L
.
Common-
M
o
de
R
e
j
ection
F
loating
P
owerSupp
ly
Α
F
loating
P
ower
Supply
consisting
of
Ο
39,
Q44,
Q48,
and
Ze
n
er
d
io
d
es
VR
40
an
d
VR
42
mi
n
imizes
i
nherent
common-
mo
d
e
d
iffic
u
lties
an
d
,
t
h
erefore,
im
proves
t
h
e
common-mo
de
re
j
ection
ratio
(refer
to
F
ig
.
2-1
) .
Transistor
Q44
is
α
constant-current
h
ig
h
-impedance
sou
r
ce,
and
Q39
is
t
he
current
retur
n
.
Gain-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
Th
eory
of
Operation-5A26
'
voltage
follower
in
p
ut to
outp
u
t
transistors
Q64A
an
d
Q64
B
constant
o p
erating
c
h
aracteristic
of
t
he
elements
in t
he
w
h
ile
Q60A
provi
d
es
a
dd
itional
open-loop
gain
.
Total
gain
P
ream
p
lifier
stage
.
Since
no
common-mo
de
signal
c
u
rrent
'
of
t
h
e
stage
is
determine
d
by
R
58
and
R
18
between
t
he
two
is
d
evelo
p
ed
,
t
he
outpu
t
at
t
h
e
collectors
of
Q64A
an
d
Q64
B
amplifiers,
and
resistors
R
64
an d
R84
.
remains
u
nc
h
ange
d
;
t
h
at
is,
t
h
e
common-mo
d
e
signal
is
re
j
ecte
d
.
Quiescently,
t
h
e
two
si
d
es
of
t
he
am
p
lifier
are
balance
d
.
Wh
en
α
d
iffe
r
e
n
tial
signal
is
a
p
plie
d to
t
h
e
gates of
Q54A
V
ariable
capacitor
C59,
H
F
C
MR,
is
ad
j
usted to
normalize
a
nd
Q54
B
,
sig
n
al
cu
rrent
is
develo
p
ed
t
h
roug
h
resistors
R
58
t
h
e
effective
capacitance
of
t
h
e
active
devices
on
one
si
d
e
an
d
R
78
.
Cond
u
ction
of
Q64A
an
d
Q64
B
is
ch
ange
d by
of
t
h
e
am
p
lifier
to
t
h
e
oth
er
.
t
h
e
amount
of
signal
current
with
t
h e
o
utpu
t
voltage
develo
p
-
ed
across
R
64
and
R
84
.
T
h
e
out
pu
t
is
α
push-pull
signal,
op
p
osite
in
p
olarity
to
t
he
signal
a
pp
lie
d to
t h e in
pu
ts
.
O
U
T
PU
T
A
MPL
I
F
I
ER
S
2
Ο
T
h
e Gain
-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifie
r
consists
of
two
i
den
tical
o
p
erational
amplifiers
.
T
he
o
p
erational
am
p
lifiers
consist
of
Q205A,Q208A,
an
d
Q21
OA
on
t
h
e
-
in
pu
t
si
d
e
an
d
Q205
B
,
Q20813,
and
Q21OB
on
t
h e
+
input
si
d
e
.
Total
gain
of
t
he
stage
is
determine
d by
R
210,
R
220
a
n
d
t
h e
setting
of
t h e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
control
w
h
ic
h
selects
t
h
e
series-
p
arallel
combi
nation of
R
203,
R
213,
an
d
R
228
t
hrough R
236
.
One
of
t
h
e
primary
functions
of
t
h
e
P
reamplifier
is
to
re
j
ect
any
common-mode
com
p
onent
of
t h
e
in
pu
t
signal
an
d
am
p
lify
only
t
he d
iffe
r
ence
.
Assume
t
h
at
t h e
in
p
uts are
tie
d
P
otentiometer
R
225,
V
ar
ΒαΙ
1,
located
in t
h
e
collector
togeth
er
and
α
voltage
is
ap
plie
d
to
t
he
commo
n
input
.
T
h
e
circ
u
it
of
transistors
Q21
OA,
an
d
Q21
013,
is a
d
j
uste
d
wit
h
amplifier
d
iffere
n
tial
out
p
ut
is
i
d
eally
zero,
and
wo
u
l
d
no
inpu
t
signal
to
set
t
he
voltage
across
t
he
V
aria
b
le
V
O
L
TS/
actu
ally
be zero
provi
d
e
d
t
h
at
t
he ch
aracteristics
of
all
DI
V
control,
R
264,
in
t
he
O
u
t
put
Am
p
lifier
stage
to
zero
corres
p
on
d
ing
elements
on
t
he
two
si
d
es
of
t
h
e
am
p
lifier
volts
.
W
it
h bot h
sides
of
t
h e
am
p
lifie
r
balance
d
,
trace
werematc
h
e
d
(e .g
.,
Q54A
an
d
Q54
B
transcon
du
ctance
an
d
d
eflectio
n
is
p
revente
d
as
t
he
V
ariable
V
O
L
TS/D
I
V
co
n
trol
μ
,
Q60A
an
d
Q60
B
beta,
c
urrent sou
rces,
etc
.)
.
In
practice,
is
rotate
d
t
h
ro
ugh
out
its
range
.
any
mismatc
h
will
cause
α d
ifferential
output
.
N
ormally,
t
h
e
frequency
response
of
t
h
e
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
is
from
do
to at
least
1
mega
h
ertz,
h
owever,
for
low-frequency
a
p p
licatio
n
s
w
h
ere
h
ig
h
i
nput
sensitivities
are
u
se
d
,
t
h
e
overall
fre
q
u
ency
response
can
b
e
limite
d to
abo
u
t
10
k
ilo
h
ertz
to
re
d uce
n
oise referred
to
t
h
e
in
pu
t
.
T
h
is is
ach
ieved
by
pus
h
ing
in t
he
BW
L
I
M
IT
10
kH
z switch
,
S239,
w
h
ic
h co nnects
C239
across
t
he
out
p
ut
of
t
h
e
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier-
T
h
e
in
pu
t
to
t
h
e
bootstrap
(
Χ
1
gain)
am
p
lifier
is
connecte
d
Isolation
Stage
'
to
t h e
j
unction
of
R
58
and
R
78
.
T
he
bootstra
p
amplifier
T
h
e
d
ifferential
signal
d
evelope
d
at
t
h
e
collectors
of
Q210A
p
ortion of
t
he supp
ly
co
n
sists
of
emitter-follower
048
and
an
d
Q210
B
is
passed
t
hroug
h
emitter
followers
Q242
and
do
level-s
h
ifting
Zener
diodes
VR
40
an
d
VR
42
.
T
he
collec-
Q252
to
t
he
Out
pu
t
Am
p
lifier
.
Transistors
Q242
an
d
Q252
'
f
or
im
p
e
d
ance
of
Q39
presents
minimum
loa
d
ing
to
t
he
isolate
t
he
Gain
Switc
h
ing
Amplifier
from
t
he loa
d
ing
of
Q48
out
p
ut
a
nd
maintai
n s t
he
gai
n
of
t
h
e
am
p
lifier
(boot-
t
he
Output
Am
p
lifier a n
d
Trigger
Amplifier
.
stra
p
efficiency)
very
close
to
one
.
Out
p
ut
Am
p
lifier
T
h
e
entire
p
ower
s
u
pply
an
d
am
p
lifier
voltages
move
an
The
Output
Amplifier
consists
of
push-pull amplifiers
0260
amount
equ
al
to
t
h
e
common-mo
d
e
voltage to
maintain
α
and
Q270
.
W
it
h α
sig
n
al
applied,
pote
n
tiometer
R
273,Gain
1,
T
h
eory
of
Operation-5A26
provides emitter
d
egeneration
.
T
h
e
gain
is
d
etermined
by
Ch
annel
Switching
I
t
h
e
total
emitter
resistance
w
h
ic
h
allows
t h e
overall
gain of
Channel
switc
h
ing
is
accomplis
hed
by
Q282,Q292,
Q286
t
he 5
Α
26
to
be
ad
j
usted
to
matc
h
t
h e
mai
n
frame
re
qu
ire-
and
Q386
.
T
h
e c
hannel
switc
h
sig
n
al
from
t h e
m
ai
n
frame
ments
.
Also,
t
he
V
aria
b
le
VO
L
TS/DI
V
con
trol,
R
264,
t h
roug
h
p
in
Β
21
sets
t
h
e
b
ias
on
Q386
w
h
ile t
he
bias
on
p
rovi
d
es
continuo
u
sly
variable
gain to 2
.5
times
t
he
calibra-
Q286
is
d
etermined
by
t
h
e
M
OD
E
butto
n
s
.
T
h
e
bias
level
te
d d
eflectio
n
factor
setting
.
at
t
h
e
base
of
Q286
relative
to
t
h
at at
t
h
e
base of
Q386
d
etermines
w
h
ic
h
of
t
h
ese
transistors
is
on
.
W
it
h
t
h e
C
H
1
,
M
OD
E
bu
tton
pressed
i
n
a
nd
t
he
C
H
2
M
OD
E bu
tton
o
u
t,
Transistors
Q267
and
Q277
are
p
ositioning-curre
n
t
dr
ivers
.
the b
ias
level
on
Q286
is
lowe
r
(more
negative)
t
h
an
t
h
at at
P
osition
(
P
OS)
control,
R
274,
p
rovi
d
es
an
ad
j
ustable
Q386,
w
h
ic h
tur
n
s
Q286
off
a
nd
Q386
on
.
W
it
h
Q286
c
h
ange
i
n
t
h
e
con
duction of
t
he
transistors
to
provide
α
turned
off,
+5
volts
do
t
h
roug
h
R286
reverse-biases
d
io
d
es
'
curren
t t h
at
eit
h
er
a
dds to
or
su
b
stracts
from
t
he
Q260-0270
CR283
and
CR
293,
w
h
ic
h turns
on
Q282
an
d
Q292
i
n
t
h
e
cu
rrents
to
alter
t h e
q
uiesce
n t
vertical
p
osition
of
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
channel
switch
stage
.
T
h
us,
t
h
e
c
h
annel
1
signal
is
co
upled
to
t
he
mainframe
t
hr
oug
h
interface
connector
p
ins
Α
7
and
Β
7
.
I
+30
V
+30
V
F
ig
.
2-1
.
F
loati
n
g
P
ower
Supply d
etailed
bloc
k
d
iagram
s h
owing
stan
d
ing c
ur
re
n
t
p
at
h
s t
hr
o
u g h
t
h
e
P
reamplifier
.
ι
ι
ι
lei
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
Wh
ile
Q286
is
off,
Q386
is
on
an
d
d
raws
current
from
t
h
e
tion factor to
p
r
ovide
α
d
i r
ect
rea
do
u t
.
N
ormally,
DS421
is
+5
volt
d
o
su
pp
ly t
hrough
R386
.
T
he
resultant
voltage
lit
to
indicate
α
1
Χ
d
eflection
factor
.
Co
nn
ecting
α
rea
do
u
t-
across
R
386
turns
off
Q382
an
d
Q392
i
n
t
he
C
han
nel
Switc
h
co
ded
10
Χ
prob
e
to
eit
her inpu
t
(wit
h
t
h
e
GND
bu
ttons
stage
.
T
hu
s, t
h
e
ch
annel
2
signal
is
n
ot
co
up
le
d to
t
he
out)
a
u
tomatically
ch
anges
t
he
crt
r
eado
u t
b
y
α factor of
mainframe
.
10an
d
lig
h
ts
DS417
to
indicate
α
10
Χ
d
eflection
factor
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
CH
2
M
OD
E
button
is
p
resse
d
i
n,
t
he
bias
level
on
Q286
is
h
ig
h
er
(less
negative)
t
h
a
n
t
h
at at
Q386,
w
h
ic
h
t
u
rns
Q286
onan
d
Q386
off
.
T
he
con
d
itions
d
escribe
d
for
t
h
e c
hannel
1
mo
de are
t h
en
reversed
.
T
h
eory
of
Operation-5A26
W
it
h
α
10
Χ
rea
d
out-co
d
e
d p
robe
co
nn
ected
to
t h e
-
input,
t
he
pr
o
b
e-cod
ing
resistor
is
con
necte
d
in
p
arallel
wit
h
R410
t
h
roug
h
t
h
e
probe-co
d
i
ng
ring
.
T
h
e
pro
b
e
resistor
biases
Q417
on,
w
h
ic
h turns
on
in
d
icator
DS417
.
Conse
q
ue
n
tly,
Q421
t
urns
off
and
exti
ngu
is
hes
in
d
icator
DS421
.
T
he
p
robe-cod
ing
resistor
i
n
p
arallel
with
R
410
also
c
h
a n
ges
t
h
e
b
ias
on
Q450
w
h ic
h ch
anges
t
h
e
crt
rea
d
out
.
Wh
en
t
he
DIS
PL
AY
button
is
ou
t,
illuminating
voltage
is
remove
d
from
i
n
d
icators
DS417
an
d
DS421,
and
0484
is
gate
d
off
.
T
h
us,
i
nd
icators
DS417
an
dDS421
are extingu
is
h e
d
,
an
d
t
h
e
crt
reado
u
t
is
b
lan
k
ed
.
F
or d
ual-t
r
ace op
eration
(b
ot
h
CH
1
and
CH
2
M
OD
E
bu
ttons
pus
h
e
d
in),
α
0
to
+5
volts
repetitive
signal
is
a
pp
lied
from
t
h
e
mai
n
frame
to
t
he b
ase
of
Q386
t
h
roug
h p
in
Β
21
.
T
hu
s,
t
h
e
bias
level
on
Q386
alternates
above
a
n
d
below
t
h
e
b
ias
level
on
Q286
w
h
ic
h turn
s
on
ch
annel
1,
t
hen
c
h a
nn
el
2, at
α
rate
d
etermine
d
by
t
h
e re
p
etition
rate
of
t
he c
h
an
n
el
switch
signal
at
p
i
n Β 21
.
W
it
h
α
10
Χ
rea
d
ou
t-co
d
e
d p
ro
b
e
connecte
d to
t
he
+
in
pu
t,
R
413
f
un
ctions
t
he
same
as
R
410
i
n
t
h
e
-
in
pu
t
circ
u
it
.
Trigger
Amplifier
T
hu
s,
α
10
Χ
rea
d
out-code
d
p
ro
b
e
connected
to
eit
h
er or
Differential
am
p
lifier
Q245
and
Q255
receives
t
h
e
triggering
b
oth
in
p
uts
will
p
rovi
de α
10
Χ
reado
u
t
on
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
signal
from
t
he emitters of
Q242
and
Q252
in
t h e
isolation
k
nob
s
k
irt
an
d
on
t
h
e
crt
.
stage
of
t
h
e
Output
Am
p
lifier
.
T
h
e
triggering
signal
is
am
p
lified
and
passe
d
t
h
ro
u
g
h
T
R
IGGER
switc
h
S401
to
transistor
Q404
w
here
it is
m
ade
availa
b
le
to an associated
When
p
r
esse
d
i
n,
contacts
of
G
N
D
switch
es
S2D
(+
in
pu
t)
time-
b
ase unit
via
pin
Α
4
.
T
h e
triggering
signal
is
of
t
h
e
and
S213
(-
in
pu
t)
open
t
h
e
circuit
between
t
h
e
+
and
-
same
polarity
as
t
h
at
a
pp
lie
d to
t h e
gate of
Q54
B
a n
d
h
as
in
pu
t
prob
e-coding
rings
and
t
h e
rea
d ou
t
circ
u
itry
.
Co
n
se-
αη
amplitu
d
e
of
abo
u
t
0
.25
volts
per
displaye
d
d
ivisio
n
.
qu
ently,
with
α
rea
dou
t-co
d
e
d
pro
b
e
connecte
d to
bot
h
inputs
an
d
both
+
απd
-G
ND
b
uttons
p
resse
d
in, t
he
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
k
no
b sk
irt
and
crt
will
i
nd
icate
α 1
Χ
d
eflection
V
ertical
Switch
ing
factor
.
If
only
one
of
t
h
e
GND
buttons
is
p
ressed
in, t
h
e
V
O
L
TS/DI
V
k
nob
s
k
irt
and
crt
will
in
d
icate
α
10
Χ
deflection
V
OL
TS/DI
V
switch
S20
co
n
tains
α
series
of
cam
lo
b
es
factor
.
w
h
ic h
engage
an
d d
ise n
gage
vario
u
s
contacts
at
different
positions
of
t
h
e
switch
.
Cams
1, 2,
4,
a
nd 5 control switch
-
i
n
g
of
t
he
In
p
ut
Attenuator
an
dcams
11
t
h
ro
ugh
19
control
If
t
he
probe-co
d
i
ng
ring
on
t
h
e
+
or
-
in
p
u
t
connector
is
switch
i
n
g
of
gain-setting
networ
k
resistors
R
228
t
h
roug
h
groun
ded
,
DS417
lig
h
ts
to
indicate
α
10
Χ
d
eflection
factor
R
236
in
t
he
Gain-Switc
h
ing
Am
p
lifier
stage
.
T
h
ose
co
n
tacts
an
d
t
he
crt
rea
dou
t
is
extingu
is
h
ed
.
T
h
e
c r
t
r
ead
o
u
t
is
t
h
at
are
engaged
at
any
VO
L
TS/DI
V
switch position are
d
etermined
b
y
t
h
e
VO
L
TS/DI
V
control
w
h
ic
h
esta
b
lis
h
es
s
h
own
by
black d
ots
on
t
h
e
switch
logic
diagram
.
t
h
e
b
ias
on
Q458,
Q466
and
Q474
.
C
h
anging
t
h
e
bias
on
t
h
e
base of
t
h
ese
transistors
also
ch
anges
t
he
emitter
voltage
t
hereb
y
ch
angi
n
g
t
he voltage
across
t
h
eir
associate
d emitter
RE
ADO
U
T
3
Ο
resistors
.
T
he
current
d
rawn
from
pi
n
Α
28
t
h
ro
ugh
Q458,
Q466,
or
Q474
and
t
h
eir
associate
d
emitter
resistors
d
ete
r
-
Deflection
F
actor
(
VO
L
TS/DI
V
K
nob
S
k
irt
and
mines
t
h
e
crt
rea
d
out
.
C
R
T)
E
it
h
er
of
two
lamp
bulbs
(DS417
or
D5421)
locate
d be
h in
d
t
he
VO
L
TS/DI
V
k
no
b s
k
irt
illuminate
t
h
e
selected
d
eflec-
REPL
AC
E
A
BLE
ELE
CT
R
ICA
L
P
A
R
TS
PA
R
TS
ORDERING
I
NF
O
RM
ATIO
N
R
e
p
lace
m
e
n
t
p
arts
a
r
e
available
from
o
r t
hrough your
local
Te
k
t
r
o
n
ix,
I
n
c
.
Fiel
d
Office
o
r
re
p
rese
n
tative
.
C
h
a
n
ges
to
Te
k
tro
n
ix
i
n
str
u
me
n
ts
a
r
e
someti
m
es
ma
de
to
accommo
d
ate
i
mp
rove
d
com
pon
e
n
ts
as
t
h
ey
beco
m
e
availa
b
le,
a
nd
to
give
you
t
h
e
be
n
efit
o
f t
he
latest
ci
r
cu
it
improve
m
en
ts
develo
ped
i
n
o
ur e
n
gi
n
eeri
n
g
de
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
.
It is t
h
erefo
r
e
im
p
o
r
tant,
w
h
e
n
or
d
eri
n
g
pa
r
ts,
to
i
n
cl
ud
e
t
he
followi
ng
i
n
fo
rm
ation
i
n
yo
u
r
o
rd
e
r
:
Part
nu
m
ber,
i
n
st
rum
en
t
ty
p
e
or
numbe
r
,
serial
nu
mbe
r
,
a
nd
m
o
d
ificatio
nn
u
m
be
r
if
a
p
plicable
.
If
α
part
you
h
ave
ordere
d
h
as
bee
n
re
p
lace
d
wit
h α n
ew
or
i
mpr
oved
p
a
r
t,
your
local
Te
k
tro
n
ix,
Inc
.
Fiel
d
Office
o
r r
ep
rese
n
tative
will
con
tactyo
u
co
n
ce
rn
i
ng any c
h
a
n
ge
i
n pa
r
t
num
b
er
.
C
hange
i
n
for
m
atio
n
,
if
any,
is
locate
d
at
t
h
e
rea
r
of
t
h
is
ma
nu
al
.
S
PE
CIA
L
N
OT
E
S
A
N
D
SY
MB
O
L
S
ΧΟΟΟ
Pa
r
t fi
r
st
a
dd
e
d
at
t
h
is
serial
numb
e
r
ΟΟΧ
Pa
r
t
removed
afte
r t
h
is
serial
number
.
ITEM
NAME
In
t
h
e
Parts
List,
an
Item
Na
m
e
is
se
p
a
r
ated
f
r
om
t
h
e desc
r
i
p
tio
nb
y α
colon
( :)
.
Because
of s
pace
li
m
itatio
n
s,
an
Ite
m
N
a
m
e
may
sometimes
a
pp
ea
r
as
i
n
com
p
lete
.
Fo
r
furt
h
e
r Ite
mN
a
m
e
i
d
en
tificatio
n
,
t
h
e
U
.S
.
Fe
d
e
r
al
Catalogi
n
g
H
a
nd
book
Η
6-1
ca
n
be
utilized
w
h
ere
p
ossible
.
ABBREVIATIONS
ACT
R
ACT
U
ATOR
PL
STC
PL
ASTIC
ASSY
ASS
EMBL
Y
QTZ
Q
U
A
R
TZ
CA
P
CA
P
ACITO
R
RE
C
P
RE
C
EP
TAC
LE
C
ER
C
ER
A
M
IC
RE
S
RE
SISTO
R
C
K
T
CI
R
C
U
IT
RF
R
ADIO
FRE
QUEN
CY
CO
MP
CO
MP
OSITIO
N
S
EL
S
ELE
CT
E
D
CO
NN
CO
NNE
CTO
R
S
EM
ICO
N
D S
EM
ICO
N
D
U
CTO
R
EL
CT
LT
ELE
CT
R
O
L
YTIC
S
EN
S
S
EN
SITI
VE
ELE
C
ELE
CT
R
ICA
L
V
A
R
V
A
R
IA
BLE
I
N
CA
N
D
I
N
CA
N
D
E
SC
EN
T
WW
W
I
REW
O
UN
D
LE
D
LIG
H
T
EM
ITT
J
N
G
DIOD
E
X
FMR
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
RMER
N
O
NW
I
R
NON
W
I
REW
O
UN
D
XTA
L
C
R
YSTA
L
Section
3-5Α
26
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
Page is loading ...
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
6
-
7
-
8
-
9
-
10
-
11
-
12
-
13
-
14
-
15
-
16
-
17
-
18
-
19
-
20
-
21
-
22
-
23
-
24
-
25
-
26
-
27
-
28
-
29
-
30
-
31
-
32
-
33
-
34
-
35
-
36
-
37
-
38
-
39
-
40
-
41
-
42
-
43
-
44
-
45
-
46
-
47
-
48
-
49
-
50
-
51
-
52
-
53
-
54
-
55
-
56
-
57
-
58
-
59
-
60
-
61
-
62
-
63
-
64
-
65
-
66
Ask a question and I''ll find the answer in the document
Finding information in a document is now easier with AI
Related papers
Other documents
-
ALLEN & HEATH XD2-53 Datasheet
-
Dwyer Series LTS User manual
-
Summer IN VIEW 2.0 PLUS Quick start guide
-
Matsui MAT7DB2656E User manual
-
Hamlet Micro Scope 302WVAPlus Owner's manual
-
Tumin C600 User manual
-
Sony ICF-C1 Warranty
-
Naxa NTD-9001 Owner's manual
-
Atlona AT-GAIN-NET User manual
-
Bardac PLX User manual
