T
eld
ronix
COMMITTED
TO
EXCELLENCE
Digitpl
Accuracy
Analog
Interpretation
7000
Series
Digital
Plug-in
Applications
time
and
frequency
digital
delay
amplitude
temperature
. .
.more
than
an
oscilloscope
TA
BLE
O
F
CO
NT
EN
TS
I
n
tro
d
uctio
n
.
.
. . . . . . . . . .
P
age
3
1
Α
.
Timing
an
d
F
req
u
ency
;
I
n
tro
d
uctio
n
to
7D14
Digital
Counter
an
d
7D15
U
niversal
Cou
n
ter/
Timer
P
l
u
g-ins
. .
. . .
P
ages
4-7
1
Β
.
Timing
M
easurements
wit
h
t
he
7D15
. . . . . .
P
ages
.
8-12
1
C
.
F
requency
M
easurements
wit
h
t
h
e
7D14
and
7D15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P
ages
12-13
2
Α
.
Digital
Delay
;
Intro-
d
uction
to
t
h
e
7D10
and
7D11
Digital
Delay
U
nits
. . . . . . . .
P
ages
14-15
213
.
Delay-by-Time
M
eas
u
rements
wit
h
t
h
e
7D11
. . . . . . . . . .
P
ages
15-18
2C
.
Delay-
b
y-
E
vents
wit
h
t
he
7D10
a
nd
7D11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P
age
18
3
Α
.
Am
p
litu
d
e an
d
V
oltage
;
Introd
u
ction
to
t
h
e
7D12
Α
/D
Converter
an
d
7D13
Digital
Mu
ltimeter
wit
h
Modules-Ml,
M
ulti-
function
M
o
d
ule,
Μ
2,
Sam
p
le/
H
ol
d
M
o
d
ule
an
d
Μ
3,
V
olts
Mo
d
ule
. . . . . . . . . . .
P
age
18
3Β
.
Sam
p
le
an
d
H
ol
d
an
d
True
RM
S
M
eas
u
re-
ments
wit
h
t
h
e
7D12/
Μ
2
a
nd
7D12/M3
.
. . . . .
P
ages
19-20
4
.
Tem
p
erature
M
eas
u
re-
me
n
ts
wit
h
t
h
e7D12/M2
an d
7D13
. .
. .
. . .
.
. .
P
age
21
Digital
Ap
p
lication
N
otes,
Or
d
eri
n
g
I
nformation an d
B
usiness
R
e
p
ly
Car
d
. . . .
P
ages
22-23
T
h
e purp
ose
of
t
h
is
boo
k
let
. . .
. .
.
is
to
familiarize
you
wit
h
t
he
Te
k
-
T
he
oscillosco
pe
is
α
p
o
p
u
lar,
time
tronix
7000
Series
d
igital
p
lug-i
n
units,
p
roven
electronic
measureme
n
t
tool
.
Its
and
to
sh
ow
you
h
ow
t
h
ey
can
ma
ke
ban
d
wi
d
t
h
,
sensitivity,
a
n
d
t
he
inter
p
re-
your
oscillosco
p
e
α
more
versatile,
ac-
ti
υ
e p
ower
in
heren
t
in
its
visual
d
is
p
lay
curate an
d
easy
to
use
measurement
ma
k
e
it
an
u
nparalleled
d
evice
for
ac-
tool
.
T
h
e
boo
k
let
is
d
ivided
-
into
four
q
uiring
an
d d
is
p
layi
n
g
electronic
sig-
sectio
ns
:
Timing
a
n
d
F
re
q
uency
M
ea-
nals
.
Yet
wit
h
its
ma
ny
irre
p
laceable
sureme
n
ts,
Digital
Delay
M
easure-
qualities,
t
h
eoscilloscope
typically
can-
ments,
Am
p
lit
u
d
e
and
Voltage
not
compare
wit
hα
d
igital
instrumen
t
M
easurements,
and
Temperature
suc
h as
α
DVM
or α d
igital
counter
for
M
easurements,
wit
h
α
h
elpful
cross-
acc
uracy
or
resolution
.
in
d
ex
of
a
pp
lications
an
d
d
igital
p
lug-
The
p
lug-in
com
p
artme
n
ts
i
n
t
he
Te
k
-
i
n un
its
.
tronix
7000
Series
mainframes
an
d
t
he
Each
section
p
rovi
des α
brief
d
escri
p
-
availability
of
crt
rea
d
out,
offer
α
εοη
-
tion of
t
h
e
feat
u
res
an
d o
p
eratio
n
of
t
h
e
venient
met
hod
of
add
i
ng
true
d
igital
relate
d
p
l
u
g-ins,
and
some
app
lications
measureme
n
t
ca
p
a
b
ility
to
yo
u
r
oscillo-
to
h
elp
ill
u
strate
t
h
e
full
measureme
n
t
sco
pe
.
T
he
Te
k
tronix
7000
Series
offers
p
ossibilities
t
h
at
t
h
ese
p
lug-ins offer
.
α
f
u
ll
com
p
lement
of
digital
meas
u
re-
T
h
is
b
oo
k
let
will
be upd
ate
d p
erio
d
ical-
me
n
t
p
lug-ins
.
T
h
e
un
its
i
n
clude
α
εουη
-
ly
wit
h
new
applications
an
d
ot
her
in-
ter,
universal
cou
nter/timer,
two
d
igital
formatio
n
to
h
el
p
you
ma
ke
fuller
use
of
d
elays,
multimeter,
sam
p
le
an
d
h
old
your
d
igital
p
lug-ins
.
D
VM,
an
d
RM
S
voltmeter
.
Incl
u
d
ing
o
n
e
or
more
d
igital
p
lug-ins
i
n your
7000
Series
oscillosco
p
e
system
p
rovi
des
you
wit
h
t
h
e
a
dd
e
d
accuracy
and
resol
u
tion
of
α
d
igital
instrume
It
also
o
p
ens
t
h
e
d
oor
to
α
number
W
measurements
t
h
at
cannot
be
ma
de
wit
h
eit
h
er
an
oscillosco
p
e or
α
d
igital
measurement
instr
u
ment
alone
.
B
rig
h
t
Traces
L
arge
No
Parallax
Illuminate
d
Graticules
E
asy
Dis
p
lay
Selection
Convenient
Came
r
a
M
ountings
An
d
Connections
2
t
u
nes
400
MHz
band
wi
d
t
h
wit
h
full
sca
n
overla
p
.
Crt
R
ea
d
out
Calibration
Stan
d
ar
d
P
lug-in
F
lexibility
P
ic
k
T
h
e
Trigger
Source
T
h
e
7000
Series
. . .
more
t
h
an
an
oscillosco
p
e
Th
is
is
more
true
to
d ay
t
h
an
ever
.
T
he
W
it
h
over 35
com
p
ati
b
le
p
lug-ins
to
Th
e
7000-Se
r
ies
com
m
itment
to
su
p
e-
7000
Series
continues
to
offer
υη
-
c
h
oose
from,
you
can
configure α
flexi-
r
io
r
p
erformance
an
d
wide-ranging
flex-
m
atched
value
i
n
oscillosco
p
es-
ble
sco
p
e
pack
age
arou
n
d
yo
u
r
digital
ib
ί l
ί
ty
m
erges
d
igital
accuracy
with
s
up
erior
p
erformance,
wi d
e-ra
nging
app
lication
;
7000-series
mai
n
frames
analog
i
n
ter
p
retation
.
Your
timing,
flexibility
and
α
stro
n
g
commitment
to
acce
p
t t
hree
or four
p
lug-ins
:
f
r
equency,
voltage,
am
p
lit
ude,
d
igital
your
f u
ture
nee
ds
.
"
Digital
p
lug-i
ns
. . .
O
p
t
for
un
i
q
ue
delay
or
tempe
r
ature
meas
u
r
eme
n
t is
W
it
h
t
h
is
family of
eig
h
t
oscillosco
pe
an
d
accurate
solutio
ns
to
com
p
lex
digitally
r
ea
d
out
d
irectly
on
t
h
e
crt
.
m
ai
n
frames,
you can
p
ut
toget
h
er
α
meas
u
rement
p
roblems
.
Th
is
m
ea
n
s α
7000-Series
Plug-in
Oscil-
h
ig
h
-
p
erformance
la
b
oratory
instr
u
-
"
V
ertical
am
p
lifiers
. . .
Select
your
losco
pe
offe
r
s
yo
u
an
easy
an
d
acc
u
-
ment
p
ac k
age
base
d
on
your
meas
u
re-
system
b
an
d
wi
d
t
h
,
n
umber
of
in
p
u
t
r
ate
way
to
h
and
le
you
r
digital
αρρ
1
ίεα
-
ment
n
ee
d
s
.
c
h
an
nels,
vertical
sensitivity,
i
n
p
ut
t
ί
ons
.
"
Ban d
wi
d
t
hs
range
from
25
to
500
MHz
.
im
p
ed
ance,
an
d
single
or
differential
*Display
mo
d
es
incl
u
de
normal
or
in
p
uts
.
t
hree
ty
p
es
of
storage,
bistable
and
"
Time
bases
. .
.
C
h
oose
swee
p
sp
eed,
fast
mes
h
transfer,
both d
evelo
p
ed by
si
n
gle
or
dual
swee
p
,
an
d
now
d
elta
ί
Te
k
tronix,
as
well
as
variable
p
ersist-
time cap
ability
.
Ι
ence
.
T
h
e
fast
tra
n
sfer
tec
h
nique,
Also,
w
h
ic
h
ma
kes
multimo
d
e storage p
os-
"
Sam
p
ling
a
nd
TD
R
p
lug-ins
.
. .
C
h
oose
sible,
p
rovi
d
es
t
he
fastest
writing
single
or
d
u
al
c
hannel
sam
p
li
ng
p
lus
rates
available
to
d ay
.
time
d
omain
reflectometry
.
"
Si
ngle o
r
available
beam
mo
d
els
are
avail-
"
Sp
ecial-
p
ur
p
ose
p
lug-ins
. . .
Select
dual
able
;
t h
e
du
al
beam
ca
p
ability
tea-
logic
analyzers,
an
d
c
u
rve
tracers
.
Time
an
d
F
re
q
uency
.
W
it
h
our
universal
co
u
nter/timer
γου
ca
n
visually
select
coun
ter
start
an
d
sto
p p
oints
on
your
Te
k
tronix
h
as
long
recognize
d
t
he con-
'
wavefor
m
to
measure
p
ulse
p
erio
d
,
venience
an
d
ease
of
o
p
eration
af-
pu
lse
wid
t
h
,
or
more
com
p
lex
p
arame-
for
d
ed by
crt
readout
of
scale
factors,
ters
li
ke
risetime,
t
he time
betwee
n
non-
test
d
ates,
test
n
umbers,
an
d
ot
h
er
per-
adjacent
ad
j
ace
n
t
events,
or
t
h
e
fre
q
uency
of
α
tinent
test
d
ata
.
T
h
e
d
igital
p
lug-ins
gated
burst
.
Two
examples
of
visually
give
you
t
h
e
furt
h
er
convenience
of
t
h
e
selecte
d
meas
u
reme
n
ts
t
h
at
you can
spee
d
,
re
p
eatability,
and p
recision
of
ma
k
e
are
t
he time
between
t
he
first
and
d
igital
meas
urements,
wit
h
t
he
mea-
eig
h
t
h p
ulse
i
n
α
d
ata
trai
n
or
t h
e width
su
rement
res
u
lts
dis
p
laye
d
on
t
h
e
crt
.
of
α p
ulse
t
h
at
occurs
i
n
th
e
mi
dd
le
of
Individual
d
igital
p
lug-ins
p
rovi
de
ot
h
er
α
co
n
trol
seq
uence
.
B
ot
h
our
cou
n
ters
time
saving
features
.
T
he
universal
p
rovi
d
e
gate
d
is
p
lays of
t
h
eir
measure-
counter/timer,
for
exam
p
le,
offers
fin-
ment
intervals,
w
h
ic
h
can
be d
is
p
laye
d
ger
ti
p
selection
of
frequen
cy,
p
ulse
on
t
he
crt
to re
d
uce
errors
i
n
trigger
perio
d
,
p
ulse
wi
d
t
h
an
d time
interval
level
ad
ju
stments,
an
d
ma
k
e
it
easier
measurements
.
V
isual
d
is
p
lay
of
t
he
for
you
to
see
exactly
w
h
at
measure-
gate
waveforms
lets
you
set
up mea-
me
n t
you
are
ma
k
ing
.
You
can
also
su
rements
q
u
ic
k
ly
and
p
recisely
.
ma
k
e
single-s
h
ot
meas
u
reme
n
ts
wit
h
both
cou
n
ters
.
You
mig
h
t,
for
exam
p
le,
more
accuracy
measure
t
h
e
wi
d
t h
of
α
noise
sp
i
ke
in
α
control
sequence
to
d
etermine
t
he
amo
u
nt of
filtering
nee
de
d
in
α
circuit
.
The
basic
am
p
litu
d
e
a
nd time
interval
measurement
accuracy
of
t
h
e
conven-
`
Temperature
.
Ou
r
two
m
u
ltimeter units
I
N
TR
OD
U
CTIO
N
also
measure
tem
p
erature
.
W
it
h
α
sp
e-
cial
voltage
insulated
p
robe
you
can
measure
t
h
e
tem
p
erature
of
semicon-
ductor
d
evices un
d
er
test,
d
o
ub
le
check
more
measureme
n
t
your
h
eat
sin
k
calc
u
lations,
or
q
uic
k
ly
ca
p
ability
troubleshoot
α
d
igital
logic
boar
d
.
vi
d e
two
d
igital
multimeters,
α
true
RM
S
voltmeter,
and
sam
p
le
an
d
h
old
meas-
u
rement
cap
ability
.
T
h
e
sam
p
le
an d
h
ol
d p
lug-in
allows
you
to
visually
se-
lect
a
ny p
oi
n
t
on you
r
waveform
an d
accurately
measure
its
voltage
wit
h
re-
s
p
ect
to
ground
,
or
measure
t
he voltage
d
ifference
between
any
two
p
oi
n
ts
on
t
he
waveform
.
W
it
h
th is
unit
you can
measure
voltage
levels
in
core
memory
an
dp
ulse
am
p
litu
des
i
n
logic
or
control
icircuits
.
easy
to
use
Digital
Delay
.
B
ot
h
of
our
d
elay
units
tional
oscillosco
p
e
is
3°/
ο
.
Delay
time
p
rovi
d
e
d
elay-by-events,
w
h
ic
h
allows
measurements
can
be
ma
d e
at
accu-
you
to
d
elay
your
oscilloscope's
time
racies
up
to
1
%
.
T
h
e
7000
Series
digital
base
by an ex
act
number
of
eve
n
ts
or
p
l
u
g-i
n
s
p
rovi
d
e
great imp
roveme
n
t
i
n
cloc
k
p
ulses
.
T
h
is
ty
p
e
of
d
elay
elimi-
t
h
is
basic
accuracy
.
T
h
e
7D12/M2Sam-
n
ates
any
i
nh
ere
n
t
system
j
itter
due
to
p
le/
H
ol
d
DVM,
for
exam
p
le,
gives
you
mec
h
anical
fluctuations
an
d
also
allows
direct
am
p
lit
u
de
measurements
at
ac-
you
to
easily
exami
ne d
ata
trains
bit
by
curacies
a
pp
roach
ing
0
.25%,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
b
it
.
Α
very
accurate time
d
elay
is
also
7D15
U
niversal
Counter
measures
time
available for
wor
k
in
d
igital
logic,
ra
d
ar
i
n
tervals
wit
h
up
to
0
.0001
°/
ο
accuracy
.
and
sonar
.
T
he
7D11
Digital
Delay
p
rovi
d
es d
elay
V
oltage
and
Am
p
litu
d
e
.
W
e
also
p
ro-
time
accuracies
up
to
0
.00001%
.
1
Α
TI
M
I
N
GA
N
D
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
The
7D14
Digital
Counter
an
d
t
he
7D15
U
niversal
Cou
n
ter/Timer
give
you
t
he
k
i
n
d
of
versatility
t
h
at
lets
you
solve
to
d
ay's
measurement
p
ro
b
lems
as
well
as
tomorrow's
.
B
y
combi
n
ing
o
ne
of
t
h
ese
co un
ters
wit
h
any
7000-Series
oscillosco
p
e,
you
obtai
n greater
flexi-
bility
an
d
acc
u
racy
t
han
is
p
ossible
wit
h
eit
her an
oscillosco
p e or
α
co
unter
alone
.
T
h
e
cou
n
ter
gives
you
digital
accu
r
acy
an
d
resolution,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
os-
cillosco
p
e
lets
you
see
w
h
at
t
he
cou
n
-
ter
is
triggeri
ng on
.
T
he
visual
d
is
p
lay
re
d
uces
errors,
s
p
eed
s
up
meas
u
re-
The
7D14
Digital
Counter
an
d
t
h
e
7D15
Un
iversal
Counter/Time
r
ment
time,
an
d
allows
you
to
ma
ke α
greater
variety
of
meas
u
rements
.
T
h
is
combinatio
n
also
ma
kes
p
ossible
t
h
e
T
h
e
following
section
d
escribes
t
he
counter
.
T
he
TR
IG
SOUR
CE
p
ositions
u
niq
ue
feature
of
oscillosco
pe
co
n
-
p
ur
p
ose
a
n
d op
eratio
n
of
some
of
t
he
of
t
h
e
I
NPU
TS
EN
S
(7D14)
and
t
he
Ρ
-
Ρ
trolle
d
trigger
armin
g
.
W
it
h
trigger
arm-
basic
controls
on
t
h
e
7D14
an
d
7D15,
S
EN
S
(7D15)
switc
h
es
select
t
h
is
inter-
ing
you can
visually
select
specific
time
to
h
el
p
you
better
u
n
dersta
nd
t
he
full
παΙ
trigger
source
mo
d
e
.
T
h
is
sig
n
al
in-
i
n
te
r
vals
for
meas
u
rement
wit
h
in
α
re-
measurement
cap ab
ility
of
t
he
units
.
p
ut
met
ho
d
re
d
uces
circuit
loa
d
ing
and
p
etitive
or
non-repetitive
p
ulse
trai
n
.
F
ollowing
t
h
is
General
O
p
eratio
n
sec-
p
rovi
des
p
re-conditioni
ng
of
t h
e
in
p
ut
Cou
n
ter/oscillosco
p
e
measurement
tion
is
α
series
of
detaile
d
ap
plications,
signal
.
systems
h
ave
p
rove
d
invaluable
to
e
n-
w
h
ic
h
illustrate
t
he
measureme
n
t
of
Trigger
level
p
reset
is
also
available
on
gi
neers and d
esigners
in
d
igital
elec-
bot
h
time
an d
frequency
p
arameters
both
units
.
W
it
h
t
he
7D14,
t
he p
reset
tronics,
com
p
uter
electronics,
in
d
ustrial
suc
h
as
wi
d
t
h
,
p
erio
d
,
p
ro
pagation
d
e-
level
can
be
set wit
h
α
front-
p
anel,
controls,
communications
an
d
ma
n
y
lay,
frequency,
etc
.
E
ach
app
lication
screw
d
river
a
d
ju
stment
.
Wh
en
t
he
7D15
ot
h
er
fiel
ds
.
i
n
cl
ud
es
an
e
q
u
i
p
ment
setu
p
illustra-
T
R
IGG
ER
LEVEL
co
n
trols
are
set
to
B
ot
h
t
he
7D14
an
d
7D15
measure
fre-
tio
n and
α
coo
k
boo
k
ty
pe d
escri
p
tio
n
PRESET,
t
h
e
unit
automatically
triggers
q
u
ency
an
d
eve
n
ts,
ma
k
i
ng
t
h
em
i
n-
of
t
h
e
p
ro
p
er
control
settings
.
at
t h
e
0
volt
level
.
In
t h
is
p
osition
you
valuable
tools
w
h
en
wor
k
ing wit
h
C
W
can
also
set
t
h
e
trigger
level
exter
n
ally
or
fre
q
ue
n
cy
b
urst
signals
.
T
h
e
7D14
eneral
et
eration
(see
t
h
e
following
d
iscussion)
.
g
p
measures
fre
q
uency
d
irectly
to
525
MH
z
;
t
he
7D15
measures
fre
q
uency
up
to
225
MH
z
.
Triggering
.
Th
e
trigger
selectivity
of
t
h
e
T
he
7D15
can
also
p
rovi
d
e
you
wit
h
7D14
an
d
7D15
contributes
g
r
eatly
to
timing
measurements
wit
h α high
d
e-
the
measu
r
ement
flexibility
of
t
h
ese
gree
of
accuracy
(0
.5
pp
m) an d
resolu-
units
.
B
ot
h
units
p
rovi
de
oscillosco
pe
tion
.
Α
sim
p
le
touch
of
α
button selects
ty
pe
trigger
co
n
trols,
w
h
ic
h allow
t
h
e
t
h
e
measurement
re
q
uired,
suc
h
as
choice
of
AC
or
DC
cou
p
ling,
+
or
-
period,
pu
lse
w
i
d
t
h
,
or time
i
n
te
r
val
.
slo
p
e,
i
n
ter
n
al
or
exter
n
al
trigger
U
sing
t
he
d
elaye
d
swee
p
of
your time
source,
an d
ad
j
ustable
trigger
level
.
b
ase,
you
can
externally
arm
t
h
e
trigger
These
controls
are
located
in
t
he
green
circuits
w
h
ic
h allows
you
to visually
s
h
ade
d areas
of
eac
h
p
lug-i
n
.
Το
obtain
Trigger L
evel
J
ac
k
s
.
Th
e
7
D
15 pr
ovides
select
t
h
e
ti
m
e
interval
you
wantmea-
α
trigger signal,
t
h
e
signal
to
be
mea-
two
front-
p
a
n
el
T
R
IG
LEVEL
jack
s
.
T
h
e
sured
.
Now
you
cansee
if
you
are
false
sured
is
generally
in
pu
t
d irectly
into
t
he
voltage
t
h
at
a
pp
ears
at
t
h
ese
j
acks
is
triggeri
n
g
on
n
oise
or
even
measuring
counter
t
hroug
hα
front
p
anel signal
in-
p
ro
p
ortio
n
al
to
t h
e
act
u
al
voltage
levels
t
h
e
wrong
time
inte
r
val
.
p
u
t
connector
.
W
it
h
t
he
counter
in
α
at
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
trigger
circuits
(
Α
and
Β
)
h
orizontal
p
lug-in
com
p
artment,
h
ow-
have
b
ee
n
set
to
trigger
.
Table
1
lists
ever,
you
can
ro
u
te
α
sig
n
al
from
α
ver-
the
actual
trigger
level
ranges
of
t
he
tical
am
p
lifier
p
lug-in
internally
t
h
roug h
trigger
circ
u
its
for
t
h
e
t
h
ree
p
ositio
n
s
t
he
oscillosco
p e
mainframe
to
t
h
e
of
t
h
e Ρ
-
Ρ S
EN
S
co
n
trols
an
d
t
he
corres
p
on
d ing
out
p u
ts
at
t
he
TR
IO
LEVEL
j
acks
.
N
ote
t
h
at
for
all
t
h
ree
trig-
ger
level
ranges,
t
he out
p
ut
of
t
he
T
R
IG
LEVEL
j
ac
ks
is
from
-0
.5
V
to
+0
.5
V
.
F
or
t
h
e 5
V
and
50
V
ra
n
ges,
t
h
e
TR
IG
co
u
nter to
ma
ke
h
ig
h
ly
accurate
mea-
F
ig
.
1
sh
ows
an
exam
p
le
of
t h
e
mea-
LEVEL
outp
ut is
t
hus p
ro
p
ortio
n
al to
sureme
n
ts
on
selecte
d
p
ortio
ns
of
α
surement
of
t
h
e
time
betwee
n
two
non-
h
e
actual
trigger
level
voltage
.
U
si
ng
α
re
p
etitive
or
non-repetitive
pulse
trai
n
.
ad
j
ace
n
t
p
ulses,
u
sing
trigger
arming
.
VM
to
monitor
t
h
e
voltage
at
on
e
of
F
ew
ot
h
er
cou
n
ters
offer
t
h
is
feature
.
In
t
h
is
case,
both
t
h
e
ch
a
nn
el
Α
an
dΒ
th
ese
j
ack
s,
you
can
set
t
h
e
res
p
ective
Since
t
h
e
counter
is
being
use
d
in
an
trigger
controls
are
set
to
trigger
on
t
he
trigger
circuit
to
trigger
on
an exact
oscillosco
p
e,
t
h
e
delayed
swee
p
gate,
50%
level
of
t
h
e
p
ositive-going
slo
pe
voltage
level
.
For
exam
p
le,
if
you
want
whic
h
is
read
ily
availa
b
le
from
t
h
e time
of
α
p
ulse
.
T
he
d
elayed
swee
p gate
of
to
set
t
he
Α
TR
IGG
ER
LEVEL
to
trigger
base,
ma
k
es α very
co
nvenien
t
exter
n
al
the
oscilloscope
is
used as
t
he arming
on
t
he
+2
.5
V
level
of
t
he
Α
i
np
ut
sig-
armi
ng
signal
for
t
he
co
u
nter
.
T
h
e
d
e-
gate,
and
m
u
st
be
connecte
d
to
b
ot
h
ηαΙ
, t
hen
measure
+
0
.25
V
wit
h α
DVM
laye
d
swee
p gate
is
p
articularly
u
sef
u
l,
the
Α
ARM
and
t
he
Β
A
RM
co
nn
ectors
.
at
Α
TR
IG
LEVEL
OU
T
PU
T
.
T
h
is
also
beca
u
se
b
ot
h
t
h
e
wid
t
h
a
n
d
t
h
e
ti
m
e
Usi
ng
t
h
e
oscillosco
pe
Delay
Time
ΜυΙ
-
mea
ns
t
h
at
younee
d
to
be
on
t
h
e
1
Ρ
-
Ρ
p
ositio
n
(
d
elay)
of
t
h
is
gate
can
b
e
con-
ti
p
lier
a
n
d
th
e
Β
swee
p
Time/Divisio
n
SEN
S
range
.
T
h
is
feature
is
h
el
p
ful
trolle
d
wit
h
t
h
e
time
base
Time/
Division
controls,
t h
e delayed
swee
p gate
can
w
h
en
trying
to
measure
α
p
arameter
li
k
e
co
n
trols
and
t
he
Delay
Time
M
ulti
p
lier
be
ad
j
usted
to
select
t
h
e
sp
ecific
p
ulses
risetime
or
p
ulse
wi
d
t
h
,
w
here
trigger
co
n
trol,
res
p
ectively
.
T
he gate
also cor-
to
b
e
measure
d
.
level
is
critical,
res
p
o
nds
to
t
he
i
n
tensifie
d
zone
t
h
at
is
N
ote
t
h
at
w
hen
using
trigger
arming,
Ρ
-
Ρ
T
r
igge
r
L
evel
TR
IG
LEVEL
Th
e
arming
sig
n
als
are
in
p
ut
i
n
to
t
h
e
tells
t
h
e
trigger
circuits
w
h
en
t
h
ey
7D15
t
h
ro
u
g
h
th
e
ΑA
R
M
an
d
Β
AR
M
s
h
o
u
l
d
begin
loo
k
i
ng
for
t
h
e
selecte
d
0
.1
-
0
.5
ν
to
+
0
.5
ν
-
0
.5
ν
to
+
0
.5
ν
start
and
sto
p
meas
u
rement
points
.
-5
ν
to
+5
ν
-0
.5V
to
+0
.5V
co
nnecto
r
s
.
An
arming
gate
am
p
litu
de
.
T
he
10
-5
ο
ν
t
ο
+50V
-
ο
.5
ν
to
+
ο
.5
ν
of
greater
t
h
an
0
.5
V
(
α h
ig
h
)
arms
setti
n
gs
of
t
he
trigger
controls
d
eter-
chann
el
Α
and an
am
p
litu
d
e
of
less
t
han
mine
t h
e
exact
trigger
p
oi
n
ts
and
t
hus
0
.2
V
(
α
low)
arms
c
h
a
nn
el
Β
.
Wh
en
the
measure
m
ent
interval
.
S
EN
S
R
ange Outp
ut
table
1
TR
IGG
ER
LEVEL
R
A
NG
ES
seen
on
t
he
C
R
T
in
t
he
Α
Intensified
By
t
he
arming
gate
does
not
affect
t
he ac-
Β
swee
p
mode
.
c
uracy
of
t
he
measureme
n
t
.
It
merely
ch
a
n
nel
Α
is
arme
d
,
t
h
e
counter
starts
-
-
---
counting as
soon
as
t
he cha
n
nel
Α
trig
Wh
en one
of
t
he
T
R
IGG
ER
LEVEL
con-
ger
con
d
itions
are
met
;
w
h
en
chan
nel
trols
is
set
to
PRE
SE
T,
t
he
trigger
cir-
Β
is
arme
d
,
t
h
e
counter
sto
ps
cou
n
ting
cu
it
au
tomatically
triggers
on
t
he 0
V
as
soon
as
t
he
c
h
annel
Β
trigger
cond
i-
10
level
of
t
h
e
signal
.
In
t
he
PRE
SET
p
osi-
tions
are
met
.
tion,
h
owever,
you
can
also
set
t
he
trig-
ger
level
exter
n
ally,
by
i
npu
ti
ng α
volt-
Ι
Ι
age
level
t
hroug h
t
he resp
ective
T
R
IG
Ι
Ι
Ι
LEVEL
j
ack
.
As
w
it
h
t
h
e
outp
ut
voltage
C
h
Α
Trigger
Ι
C
h
Β
Trigge
r
of
t
h
e
TR
IG
LEVEL
j
ac
k
,
t
he
i
n
p
ut
volt-
Ί
FIL
age
range
of
t
h
e
j
ac
ks
is
also
-0
.5
V
P
u
lse
Train
to
+0
.5
V
.
T
h
e
setti
ng
of
t h
e
Ρ
-
ΡS
EN
S
Ι
Ι
F1
switc
h agai n sets
t
he trigger
level
ra
n
ge,
an d
you
in
p
ut
α
voltage
t
h
at
is
Ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
p
ro
p
ortio
n
al
to
t
he d
esire
d
trigger
level
Delaye
d
Swee
p
Gate
voltage
.
F
or
exam
p
le,
if
α
+15
V
trigger
Ap
p
lie
d
to
bot
h
Ι
level
is
d
esire
d
,
set
t h
e
Ρ
-
ΡS
EN
S
switc
h
Α
ARM
a
nd
Β
ARM
Ι
Ι
to
10
V
(t
he
50
volt
ra
n
ge)
an
d
apply
α
Ι
Ι
Ι
DC
voltage
of
+0
.15
V
to
t
h
e
T
R
IG
LEVEL
j
ac k
.
Pseudo
Gate
(Actual
Ι
Ι
Ι
Time
Interval
Ι
Ι
M
easu
r
ed
)
Ι
j
.
TRIG
Ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
LEVEL
, ¬
~
Ι
ι
ι
ι
Β
ARM
Selective
Trigger
A
r
mi
n
g
.
A
n
ot
h
er
use-
ΜυΙ
feature
of
t
h
e
7D15
is
t
he
ability
to
m
xternally
arm
t
h
e
co
u
nte
r
trigger cir
cuits
.
Th
is
gives
you
external
control
of
t
he
measurement
interval,
b
ut
more
im
p
ortant,
it
allows
you
to
use
t
he
C
h
Α
is
Armed
Ch
B
is
Armed
Cou
n
t
sta
r
ts
a
n
d
slo
p
e
Co
u
nt
sto
ps a
nd
slo
p
e
Fig
.
1
M
easuring
t
he
time
int
e
rval
betweentwo
non-adjacent
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trigger
con
d
itions
of
c
h
annel
Β
.
E
xternally
Gate
d
F
reque
n
cy
M
eas
u
re-
t
h
ea
b
ility
to
exter
nally
gate
t
he cou
nter
Th
e
resolution
you
select
also
d
eter-
for
frequency
meas
u
re
m
ents
.
B
y d
is-
mines
t
he
maximum
time
i
n
terval
you
p
layi
ng
t
h
is
gating
waveform
along
wit
h
ca
n
measure
wit
h
out
overflowi
ng
t
he 8
t
he
signal
b
eing
measure
d
,
you
h
ave
d
igit
C
RT
rea
dout
.
F
or
exam
p
le,
if
α
t
he
uni
q
ue
ability
to
meas
u
re
fre
qu
ency
resolution
of
10 ns
is
selecte
d
(10
ns
a
n
d co
u
nt
events
wit
h
in
non-repetitive
cloc
k
rate
and
Χ
1
measurement
aver-
signals,
li
k
e gate
d
b
ursts
.
As
wit
h
time
aging),
t
he
lo
n
gest time
interval
t
h
at
interval
measureme
n
ts,
t
h
e
d
elaye
d
can
b
e
measure
d before
overflow
oc-
F
ig
.
2
.
Crt
display
of
time
interval
mea-
swee
p
gate from
t
he
oscillosco
pe
pro-
curs
is
.99999999
second
.
T
he
selecte
d
surement
.
Intensifie
d
zone
indi-
vides α
convenient
gating
signal
.
resol
u
tio
n
d
etermines
t
he
units
of
t
he
cates
p
osition
of ar
m
i
n
g
gate
.
least
significa
n
t
d
igit
of
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
F
or
α
longer
time
interval,
you
must
select
less
resolution
.
T
h
is is
p
rovi
d
ing
t
h
at
you
care
about
t
h
e
most
significant
d
igit
of
t
he
measureme
n
t
.
If
you
are
merely
trying
to
resolve
α
small time
dif-
ference,
and
d
o
not
care
about
t
he
actual
time
interval,
you
ca
n
overflow
t
h
e counter
and
still
obtain
t
h
e
maxi-
mum
resolution
d
esire
d
.
Counter
Gate
Dis
p
lays
.
B
ot
h
t
he
7D14
an d
t
he
7D15
p
rovi
d
e
t
h
e
capa
b
ility
of
displaying
their
internal
m
eas
u
re
m
en
t
inte
r
val
gates,
which
in
d
icate
t
he ac-
t
u
al
points
of
α
measu
r
eme
n
t
.
As
is
s
h
ow
n
in
F
ig
.
2,
t
h
ese
gates are
d
iffer-
ent
from
t
he
external
or
arming
gates
.
T
h
e
counter
gate
d
is
p
lays
h
el
p
to
re-
d
uce
errors,
s
peed
set
up
time,
and
p
rovi
d
e
you
wit
h
greater
trigger
selec-
Selectable
R
esolution
an
d
Accuracy
.
tivity
.
M
easu
r
e
m
ent
ave
r
agi
ng
a
nd
selectable
Wh
en
t
h
e
7D14
a
n
d
7D15
are
in
vertical
cloc
k
rates
on
t
h
e
7D15
allow
you
to
mainframe
com
p
artme
n
ts,
t h
e
gated
se
l
ect
t
h
e
amo
u
nt
of
resolution
and
t
he
d
is
p
lays
are
obtained
by
p
ressing
t
h
e
maximum
acc
u
racy
possib
l
e
for
α
par-
a
pp
ro
p
riate
mainframe
chan
nel selec-
tic
u
lar
ti
m
e
meas
u
r
ement
.
Th
is
feat
u
re
tion
switc
h
.
In
α h
orizontal
com
p
art-
also
h
el
p
s
you
p
revent
readout
over-
me
n
t,
α
cable
m
u
st
b
e
connecte
d from
flow
w
hen
measuring
long
time
inter-
eit
h
er
t
he
MO
N
ITO
R
conn
ector
(7D14)
vals
.
or
t
he
DIS
PL
AY
E
D
W
A
VEF
O
RM
OU
T-
T
he
C
L
OC
K
p
us
hb
uttons
set
t
h
e
basic
PU
T
connector
(7D15)
to
o
ne
c
h
annel
resolution
of
t
he co u
nter
.
T
h
e
7D15's
of
α
vertical
am
p
lifier
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
cou
n
-
fastest
cloc
k
rate
is
10
ns,
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
ter
gate
is
d
is
p
laye
d
(see
F
ig
.
2),
you
maximum
resolution
p
ossi b
le
for
α
ca
n
see
t
he
sig
n
al
b
eing
measure
d
si
n
gle
sh
ot
time
measurement
.
Wh
en
along
wit
h
t
h
e
actual
interval
i
n
wh
ic
h
measuring
re
p
etitive
signals,
resolution
t
he
measurement
is
being
ta
k
en
.
T
h
e
can
b
e increased using
measureme
n
t
arming
gate
is
ge
n
erally
n
ot
d
isplaye
d
.
averaging
.
M
easurement
averaging
is
α
H
owever,
if
t
h
e
delayed
swee
p gate
is
statistical
met
h
o
d
of
increasing
resol
u
-
being
used
for
trigger
arming,
its
wi
d
t
h
tion
w
h
ic
h
i
n
volves
ma
k
ing
α
number
an d p
osition
are
i
n
dicate
d
b
y
t
he
inten-
of
measurements
an
d
averaging
t
he
re-
sified
zone
on
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
su
lts
.
W
hen
measuri
ng p
erio
d
,
for
ex-
T
he
7D15
p
rovi
d
es
t
h
ree
ty
pes
of
gates
.
am
p
le,
wit
h
th
e
Χ
1000
AVER
G
push
but-
T
he
T
RUEGAT
E
is
t
he
act
u
al
gate
ton
p
resse
d
,
t
he
cou
n
ter
measures
t
he
waveform
ge
n
erate
d
eac
h
time
t
he
time
for
1000
cycles
an
d
d
ivi
des
t
he
counter
ta
k
es
α
measurement
.
It
ty
p
i-
result
by
1000
to
obtai
n
th
e time
of
o
ne
cally
h
as α low
re
p
rate
a
nd
is
difficult
p
erio
d
.
F
igs
.
3, 4,
an
d 5
s h
ow
grap
h
s
of
to
u
se,
beca
use
it
is
d
e
p
en
d
ent on
t
he
resolution
vs
.
p
erio
d
,
resol
u
tion
vs
.
time
setti
ng
of
t
he
DIS
PL
AY
TIME
control
.
i
n
terval,
an
d
resolution
vs
.
fre
q
uency
T
he
PS
EU
DO
GAT
E
is
α
h
ig
h
re
p
etition
for
t
he various
setti
ngs
of
t
he
C
L
OC
K
re
p
lica
of
t
he
T
RUEGAT
E
,
and
is
t
he
an
d
AVER
G
p
us
h
butto
n s
.
N
ote
t
h
at
for
most
useful of
t
h
ese two
.
T
he
PS
EU
DO
perio
d
meas
u
rements,
resolution
is
in-
GAT
E
h
as
α
h
ig
h
er
re
p
rate,
because
it
creased
1000
times
from
t
he
Χ
1
to
t
he
is
generate
d
eac
h time
t
h
e
trigger
an d
arming
con
d
itio
ns are
met
.
Α
t
h
ir
d
dis-
p
lay,
C
HΒ
,
is
α
con
d
itione
d
signal
t
h
at
6
is
d
erive
d
from
t
he 7D15's
C
HΒ
trigger
Χ
1000
AVER
G
setting
.
F
or
time
interval
meas
urements,
t
he
maximum
resolution
is
increase
d
from
10
ns
to
2 ns
(for
t
he
10 ns
cloc
k
rate)-an
increase
in
reso~
ments
.
B
ot
h
t
h
e
7D14
and
7D15
p
rovide
Ιυ
t
ίοη
of
5
times
.
Accuracy
is
d
efine
d
as
t
he
ratio
(in
p
er-
cen
t)
of
t
h
e
worst
case
error
for
α
mea-
su
rement
to
t
he
actual
measurement,
an
d
is
α
fu
n
ction
of
resolutio
n
and
t
h
e
accuracy
of
t
he
crystal
controlle
d
cloc
k
oscillator
.
As
F
igs
.
3, 4,
an d 5
ill
u
strate,
accuracy
te
nds
to
i
n
crease
wit
h
i
n-
creases
in
t
he
p
erio
d
,
time
interval,
or
freq
u
ency
being
measure
d
.
T
h
e
7D15
cloc
k
oscillator
h
as an
acc
u
racy
of
0
.5
p
pm,
w
h
ic
h p
rovi
des
time
measurement
accuracies
of
up
to
0
.0001%
on
long
time
i
n
tervals-muc
h
greater
t
h
an
t
h
e
1
%
accuracy
of
an
oscillosco
p
e
.
:
.
r
.
i
. .
.-
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
ι
.
the signal
being
measured,
you
have
,
.,
,
_
_
_,
.
. -
non-repetitive
nals,
like
gated
bursts
.
As
with time
interval
measurements,
the
delayed
.
display
.
-
sweep
gate
.
-
oscilloscope
. .
Intensified
.
.
.-
.
nvenient
gating
signal
.
cates
position
of
arming
gate
.
is
generate
d
eac
h time
t
h
e
trigger
an d
armin
g
conditions
are
met
.
Α
t
h
ir
d
dis-
play,
C
HΒ
,
is
α
con
d
itio
n
ed
signal
t
h
at
6
is
d
erive
d
from
t
he
7D15's
C
HΒ
trigger
circ
u
it
.
It
is
useful
for
setting
up
t
h
e
trigger
con
d
itions
of
chan
nel
Β
.
Counter
Gate
Dis
p
lays
.
B
ot
h
t
h
e
7D14
and
t
he
7D15
p
rovi
d
e
t
h
e
ca
p
ability
of
displaying
t
h
ei
r
internal
m
eas
u
rement
interva
l
gates,
w
h
ic
h
indicate
t
h
e
ac-
tua
l
points
of
α
meas
ure
m
ent
.
As
is
sh
own
in
F
ig
.
2,
t
h
ese
gates are
d
iffer-
ent
from
t
he
exter
n
al
or
arming
gates
.
T
h
e
counter
gate
d
is
p
lays
h
el
p
to
re-
duce
errors,
s
peed
set
up
time,
and
provi
d
e
you
wit
h
greater
trigger
selec-
Selectable Resolution
an
d
Accuracy
.
tivity
.
M
easu
r
e
m
ent
ave
r
agi
ng
a
nd
selecta
b
le
Wh
en
t
h
e
7D14
a
n
d
7D15
are
in
vertical
cloc
k
rates
on
t
h
e
7D15
allow
you
to
mainframe
com
p
artments,
t
h
e
gated
select
t
he a
m
ount
of
resolutio
n
an
d
th
e
d
is
p
lays
are obtained
by
p
ressing
t
h
e
maxim
u
m
acc
uracy possible
fo
r
α
par-
a
pp
ro
p
riate
mai
n
frame
chan
nel selec-
ticula
r
time
meas
ur
eme
n
t
.
Th
is
feat
u
re
tio
n
switc
h
.
In
α
h
orizo
n
tal
com
p
art-
also
h
el
p
s
you
p
revent
readout
over-
me
n
t,
α
ca
b
le
m
u
st
b
e
connecte
d
from
flow
w
hen
measuring
long
time
inter-
eit
h
er
t
he
MO
N
ITO
R
conn
ector
(7D14)
vals
.
or
t
he
DIS
PL
AY
E
D
W
A
VEF
O
RM
OU
T-
T
he
C
L
OC
K
p
us
h
buttons
set
t
h
e
basic
PU
T
connector
(7D15)
to
o
n
e
channel
resolution
of
t
he
counter
.
T
h
e
7D15's
of
α
vertical
am
p
lifier
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
cou
n
-
fastest
cloc
k
rate
is
10
ns,
w
h
ic
h
is
t
h
e
ter
gate
is
d
is
p
laye
d
(see
F
ig
.
2),
you
maximum
resolution
p
ossible
for
α
ca
n
see
t
he
signal
being
measure
d
single
sh
ot
time
measurement
.
Wh
e
n
along
wit
h
t
he
actual
i
n
terval
in
w
h
ic
h
measuring
re
p
etitive
signals,
resolution
t
he
meas
u
rement
is
being
ta
k
en
.
T
h
e
can
be increased
using
measurement
arming
gate
is
generally
not
d
isplaye
d
.
averagi
ng
.
M
eas
u
rement
averaging
is
α
H
owever,
if
t
h
e
delayed
swee
p
gate
is
statistical
met
h
o
d
of
increasing
resolu-
bei
n
g
use
d
for
trigger
arming,
its
wi
d
t
h
tion
w
h
ic
h
involves
ma
k
ing
α
number
an d p
osition
are
i
n
dicate
d
b
y
t
he
inten-
of
measurements
an
d
averaging
t
he
re-
sifie
d
zone
on
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
sults
.
W
hen
measuri
ng p
erio
d
,
for
ex-
T
he
7D15
p
rovides
t
h
ree
ty
pes
of
gates
.
am
p
le,
wit
h
th
e
Χ
1000
AVER
G
push
but-
T
h
e
T
RUEGAT
E
is
t
he
actua
l
gate
ton
p
resse
d
,
t
he
cou
n
ter
meas
u
res
t
he
waveform
ge
n
erated
eac
h
time
t
he
time
for
1000
cycles
an
d
d
ivi
d
es
t
he
co
u
nter ta
k
es
α
measurement
.
It
ty
p
i-
result
by
1000
to
obtain
t
h
e time
of
one
cally
h
as α low
re
p
rate
and
is
difficult
perio
d
.
F
igs
.
3, 4,
an
d 5
s h
ow
grap
h
s
of
to use,
b
ecause
it
is
d
e
p
en
d
ent on
t
h
e
resolution
vs
.
p
eriod,
resolution
vs
.
time
setti
ng
of
t h
e
DIS
PL
AY
TIME
control
.
i
n
terval,
an
d
resolution
vs
.
fre
q
uency
T
he
PS
EU
DO
GAT
E
is
α
h
ig
h
re
p
etition
for
t
he various
settings of
t
he
C
L
OC
K
re
p
lica
of
t
he
T
RUEGAT
E
,
an
d
is
t
he
an
d
AVER
G
p
us
h
butto
n s
.
N
ote
t
h
at
for
most
useful of
t
h
ese two
.
T
he
PS
EU
DO
perio
d
meas
u
rements,
resolution
is
in-
GAT
E
h
as
α
h
ig
h
er
re
p
rate,
because
it
crease
d
1000
times
from
t
he
Χ
1
to
t
he
Χ
1000
AVER
G
setting
.
F
or
time
interval
meas
urements,
t
he
maximum
resolutio
n
is
increase
d
from
10
ns
to
2 ns
(for
t
he
10 ns
cloc
k
rate)-an
increase
in
reso~
lution
of
5
times
.
T
he
resolution
you
select
also
deter-
mines
t
he
maximum
time
interval
you
can
measure
wit
h
out
overflowing
t
he 8
d
igit
C
RT
reado
u
t
.
F
or
exam
p
le,
if
α
resolution
of
10 ns
is
selecte
d (10
ns
cloc
k
rate
a
nd
Χ
1
measurement
aver-
aging),
t
he
lo
n
gest time
interval
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hat
can
bemeasured
before
overflow
oc-
curs
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secon
d
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he
selecte
d
resolution
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etermines
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he un
its
of
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he
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n
ificant
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igit
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h
e
d
is
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lay
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or
α
longer
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st
select
less
resolution
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h
is is
p
rovi
d
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h
at
you
care
about
t
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most
significant
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igit
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t
he
meas
u
reme
n
t
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are
merely
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to
resolve
α
small time d
if-
fere
n
ce,
and
do
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care
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t
h
e
actual
time
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n
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h
e
co
u
nter
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h
e
maxi-
mum
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esire
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efine
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as
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h
e
worst
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s
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rement
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n
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ctio
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tio
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n
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cloc
k
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igs
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3, 4,
an d 5
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*
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n
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n
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e
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ig
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3
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erio
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ig
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4
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ig
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1001011
1GHz
INPUT
FREQUENCY
1
Β
TIMING
MEASUREMENT
p
ulse
wi
dt
h
T
h
e
TIM
W
IDT
H
Α
mo
d
e
p
ush
b
u
tto
n
on
t
he
7D15
allows
you
to
measure
p
ulse
wi
d
t
h d
irectly
.
Only
t
h
ec
h
a
nn
el
Α
trig-
geri
ng
circuit
is
u
sed
in
t
h
is
measure-
ment
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F
ig
.
6
s
h
ows
t
h
e
equ
i
p
ment
setu
p
to
measure
t
h
e
wid
t
h
of
α
TT
L
cloc
k
p
ulse
.
T
he 10 ns clock
rate
an
d
Χ
1000
measurement
average
p
rovi
des
maxi-
mum
accuracy
and
resol
u
tion
.
T
h
e
dis-
play
of
t
h
ePS
EU
DO
GAT
E
in
d
icates
t
h
e
measureme
n
t
i
n
terval
.
W
idt
h
measurements
are
ge
n
erally
made
at
t
h
e
50%
ο
am
p
litu
d
e
level
of
t
he
p
ulse
.
F
or
an
exact
measureme
n
t
of
p
ulse wi
d
t
h
at
any
am
p
litude
level,
set
t
he trigger
level
by
monitoring
t
h
e
chan
nel
Α
TR
IG
LEVEL
j
ack
wit
h α
D
VM
.
T
h
is
p
ulse
h
as α 5
V
am
p
lit
ud
e
.
W
it
h
t
he
Ρ
-
ΡS
EN
S
control
set
to
1
V,
t
he
trigger
level
sho
u
ld
be
set
for
an
o
u
t
pu
t
at
t
h
e
Α
TR
IG
LEVEL
j
ac k
of
+0
.25
V
.
T
h
is
voltage
yiel
ds
an
act
u
al
trigger
level
of
2
.5
V
(see
Table
1)
.
F
ig
.
7 sh
ows
t
h
e
e
qu
i
p
ment
set
up
to
measure
t
h
e
wi
d
t
h
of
α
noise
sp
i
k
e
t
h
at
is
a
pp
eari
n
g
in
α
logic
signal
.
U
si
n
g
trigger
armi
n
g,
t
h
e
7D15
is
set
to
ma
k
e
t
h
e
wi
d
t
h
measurement
o
n
ly
after
t
h
e
logic
sig
n
al
h
as
gone
low
.
Connect
t
he delayed
swee
p
gate outp
ut
to
t
h
e
Α A
RM
connector
of
t
he
7D15
.
Th
e
Delay
Time
M
ulti
p
lier
an
d th
e
Vari-
able
Time/D
W
control
ca
n
now
be
use
d
to
p
ositio
n
t
he
b
eginning
of
t
h
e
armi
ng
gate
after
t
h
e
falli
n
g e
d
ge
of
t
h
e
logic
sig
nal
a
nd
to
k
ee
p th
e
trigger
circuit
arme
d
for
t
h
e
du
rationof
t
h
e
low
level
.
T
he
inte
n
sified
zon
e
i
nd
icates
t
h
e
p
osi-
tio
na
nd wid
t
h
of
t
h
e
arming
gate
.
W
it
h
t
h
is
setu
p
,
t
h
e
7D15
will
cap
t
u
re
and
meas
u
re
t
h
e
wid
t
h
of
t
he
first
p
ositive-
going
transition
t
h
at
occu
r
s
after
it
is
armed
.
M
ai
nfr
a
m
e
V
e
r
tical
M
ode
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . .
.
.
Alt
.
711315
H
o
r
izo
n
tal
M
ode
. .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. .
.
.
Β
M
ode
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
TIM
wid
t
h
Α
8
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r
So
ur
ce
. . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. .
L
eft
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ertical
loc
k
.
.
. .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. . . . . . .
1
ρ100
Ti
m
eB
ase
C
Ti
m
e/div
(7
Β
80)
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
Gate
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . .
N
or
m
Triggering
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
. . . . . . .
.
.
Displayed
W
avefo
rm
. . . . . . .
.
. .
PseudoGate
T
r
igge
r
Level
. . . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
.
50%
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de
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e
r
tical
Am
p
li
f ie r
Slope
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
+
Dis
p
lay
M
ode
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
. . .
C
h
1
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l . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
.
,
.
DC
T
r
igge
r
So
ur
ce
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . .
.
C
h
1
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. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. I
npu
t
Α
V
olts/
d
iv
. . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
2
V
F
ig
.
6
.
E
q
ui
p
ment
setup
for
typical
wi
d
t
h
measurement
.
7113115
Gate
f r
om
M
ode
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . .
TM
width
Α
R
ear
P
a
n
el
Averg
. . . . . .
.
.
. .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
Χ
1000
Cloc
k
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
. .
. . . .
10
ns
Gate
. . . . . . . .
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. . . . .
N
o
rm
Ti
m
e
B
ase
DIsplayed
W
avefo
rm
. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
T
rue
Gate
Ti
m
e/Div
(7880)
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . .
T
r
igge
r
Level
. . .
. . . . . . . .
.
. .
50%
Am
p
litude
Ti
m
e/Div
(7885)
.
Slo
p
e
. . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
+
T
r
igge
r
ing
(71380)
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . .
.
. .,
Α
C,
.1
π
t
Source
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. .
DC
Triggering
(71385)
.
.
. . . . .
.
N
o
r
m,AC,
E
xt
ou
r
c
e
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . .
Input
Α
Β
Delay
M
ode
. . . . .
.
. . . .
Β
starts
afte
r
delay
M
ai
n
f
r a
m
e
Ve
r
tical
Am
p
li
f
ie
r
Ve
r
t ί
ca
Ι
M
ode
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
.A
L
T
C
h
1
and
2
V
olts/Div
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . .
H
or
izo
n
tal
M
o
d
e
. . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. .
Dis
p
lay
Mo
d
e
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
h
1
Β
Tr
igge
r
Sou
r
ce
. .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
T
rigger
So
ur
ce
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. .
F
ig
.
7
.
Equi
p
me
n
t
set
up
fo
r
transient
measurement
.
Cloc
k
L
ogic
C
i
rcu
i
t
B
oar
d
2
ν
12
αη
7
Α
Ιαμ
S
`;
4
j~A
11
7
Ή
26
7D15
~
7Β
85
~
7
Β
80
~
CH
A
σ
Data
`
LL
Ι
41o*
6143
$Q
Ουβ
7704
Α
7704
Α
7
Α
26
Ι
7D15
Ι
7Β85
Ι
7880
Ο
CH
1
CHΑ
A
ι
RM
''
ΕΧΤ
T
R
IG
Ι
4
ροΟ
IN?
Ι
F
rame
Ι
Delaye
d
Swee
p
500
m
ν
'OQ06
Fig
.
8
.
W
aveform
an
d
wi
d
t
h
meas
u
re-
ment
r
eadout
fo
r
d
estruction
test
.
T
h
e
7D15
can
also
measure
t
he
wi
d
t
h
of
single-s
h
ot
events
.
F
ig
.
8 sh
ows
t
he
waveform
p
hotograp h
of
destruction
test
ma
de
with
α
storage
oscillosco
pe
and
t
h
e
7D15
.
T
h
e
wi
d
t
h
of
t
h
is
p
ulse
was
measure
d
simultaneously
wit
h
t
he
storage
of the
d
is
p
lay
.
Since
the
event
only
occurred
o
n
ce,
t
he
arming
gate
was
not
require
d
.
p
ulse
p
erio
d
7D15
to
E
xt
Trig
In
from
R
ear
M
o
d
e
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Tim
Α-
ι
Β
P
anel
Ave
r
g
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . .
Χ
100
Cloc
k
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. .
.
. . . . .
.
. .
. . .
.
.
.
10
n
s
Gate
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . . .
. . .
.
. . . . . . .
. .
N
o
r
m
Dis
p
layedW
avefo
rm
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. .
P
seudo
Gate
Ti
m
e
B
ase
Trigge
r
Level
Α
&
Β
. . . . . . . .
.50%
A
mp
lit
ude
Main
Ti
m
e/Div
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slo
pe
. .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A+,
13-
Delaye
d
Ti
m
e/Div
. . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . .
C
ουρΙ
Α&Β
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
DC
T
r
igge
r
ing
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . .
Sou
r
ce
. . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . .
.I
np
ut
Α
Β
Delaye
d
M
od
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
M
ainf
r
a
m
e
V
e
r
tical
Am
p
lifie
r
Ve
r
tical
M
o
d
e
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . .
Alter
nate
Disp
lay
M
ode
.
. . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
h
1
H
o
r
izontal
Mo
d
e
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. .
Α
T
r
igger
So
u
rce
. .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
C
h
1
Α
Trigger
So
urce
. . . . .
.
. . . .
V
e
r
tica
M
o
d
e
V
olts/Div
. .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . .
F
ig
.
9
.
Eq
ui
p
ment
set
u
p
for
measurement
of
time b
etween
non-adjacent
events
.
P
ulse
p
eriod
is
ju st
as
easy
to
meas
u
re
time
b
et
w
een
non-adjacent
events
wit
h
t
h
e
7D15
as wi
d
t
h
.
U
sing
t
he
same
set
υρ
as sh
own
for
t
h
e
cloc
k
p
u
lse
wi
d
t
h
measureme
n
t
in
F
ig
.
6,
p
ress
t
h
e
The
ability
to
select
α
p
articular
p
ulse
slo
p
es,
an
d
b
y
ad
j
usting
t
h
e
p
ositio
n
PER
IOD
ΑM
OD
E
pus
h
button
.
T
h
e ρ
~r
ί
-
in
α
p
u
lse
train
for
measurement,
as
and
wi
d
t
h
of
t
h
e
i
n
tensifie
d
zone
(t
h
e
o
d
meas
u
rement
is
now
read
out
on
t
h
e
was
p
revio
u
sly
illustrated
b
y
t
he
p
u
lse
d
elayed
sweep
gate)
.
T
he
Delay
Time
C
R
T
.
M
erely
set
t
he
ΑTR
IGG
ER
con-
w
i
d
t
h
measurement
of
α
n
oise
sp
i
k
e,
Mu
lti
p
lier
(DT
M
)
con
trol
d
etermines
t
he
trols
to
trigger
t
h
e
counter
eit
h
er
on
t
h
e
can
also
b
e
ap
plie
d
to
t
h
e
meas
u
re-
p
ositio
n
of
t
h
e
lea
d
ing
ed
ge
of
t
he
d
e-
lea
d
i
n
g or
falling
e
d
ge
of
t
he
p
ulse
.
T
he
ment
of
t
he
time-
b
etween
non-adjacent
laye
d
swee
p gate
and
t
hus
t h
e
p
oi
n
t
of
trigger
level
ca
n
be
ad
j
usted
to
meet
events
.
F
ew
ot
h
er
time
counters are
armi
ng
t
he
Α
TR
IGG
ER
circ
u
it
.
T
he
time
your
sp
ecific
measurement
require-
able
to
measure
wi
d
t
h or time
between
b
ase
V
aria
b
le
Time/Division
control
ment
.
non-adjacent
eve
n
ts in
re
p
etitive
or
sets
t
he wid
t
h
of
t
h
e d
elaye
d
swee
p
non-repetitive
signals
suc
h as d
igital
gate
an
d
t
h
us
t
he
p
osition
of
t
h
e
fall-
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
signal
being
measure
d
is
re
p
-
w
ord
p
ulses
from α
comp
u
ter's
main
ing
edge
of
t
he
gate,
or
t
he
p
oi
n
t
of
etitive,
Χ
1000
meas
u
rement
averagi
n
g
storage,
C
PU,
ra
d
ar
I
FF
res
po
n
ses,
etc
.
arming
for
t
h
e
ΒTR
IGG
ER
circuit
.
T
he
is
selecte
d
to
obtain
maximum
accuracy
In
t
h
ese
ty
pes
of
measurements,
an
d
elayed
sweep
gate
is
app
lie
d
to
t
he
an
d
resol
u
tion
.
See
t
h
e
d
iscussion
of
oscilloscope
is
essential
.
Α
an
d
Β
A
RM
inp
u
ts,
Α
trigger
is
arme
d
accuracy
an
d
resolutio
n
at
t
h
e
begin-
d
uring
t
h
e time
Β
trigger
is
disarme
d
,
nin9
of
t
h
is
section
.
F
ig
.
9 sh
ows
t
h
e
eq
ui
p
me
n
t
set up
for
and
vice
versa
.
α
time
interval
meas
u
rement
on
α
serial
As
wit
h
p
u
lse
width
measurements,
trig-
wor
d
trai
n
from
α
d
is
k
memory
d
evice
.
In
t
h
is
exam
p
le,
t
h
e
cou
n
ter
armin
g
ger
arming
is
not
n
ecessary
to
measure
The
origin
p
u
lse
in
t
h
is
case
is
u
sed
to
gate
is
set
to
meas
u
re
t
he time
between
t
he p
eriod
of
α
signal
.
Arming
is
useful
trigger
t
he
Α
time
base
t
h
e
falling
edge
t
hou
g
h
w
h
en
loo
king
at
data
pulse
.
T
he
d
elayed
display
and
ghe
ο
leading
e
d
ge
of
t
h
e
trains or
ot
h
er
signals
w
here α
p
ulse
cou
n
ter's
trigger
circuits
.
In
t
h
is
case
last
p
ulse
.
T
h
e
waveform
p
h
oto
in
F
ig
.
may
or
may
not
be
p
resent
du
ring
α
t
h
e
d
elaye
d
swee
p
gate
is
connecte
d
to
9
sh
ows
t
h
e
analog
waveform
d
is
p
lay
given
clock cycle
.
b
ot
h
t
h
e
ΑA
RM
a
nd
Β
A
RM
co
n
nec-
(u
pp
er
trace),
t
h
eP
S
EU
DO
GAT
E
dis-
tors,
because
t
he
TIM
Α
-
Β
mo
d
e
is
be-
play
of
t
h
e
coun
ter's
act
u
al
meas
u
re
ing
used
.
ment
p
erio
d
(lower
trace),
an
d
t
h
e
read
out
of
t
he
act
u
al
measurement
.
T
h
is
Once
α
stable
disp lay
is
obtai
ned
,
p
articular
meas
u
reme
n
t
is
1
.1041
ms,
measurements
can
be
ma
d
e
betwee
n
whic
h
is
muc
h
better
resolutio
n
t
h
an
any two
p
oints
on
t
h
e
waveform
merely
by
a
d
j
usti
ng
t
he
trigger levels
an
d
9
U
λ
.'~
2ι
1
Αι
τ
LV
Χ
;
ON
,
;
7704
Α
7
Α
26
Ι
7D15
Ι
7
Β
85
Ι
7
Β
80
W
ord
CH
1
Dis
k
Trai
n
M
emory
c
L
.J
I
Y
Α
CH
θΆ
&
Β
ΕΧΤ
TR
IG
1D44
0
IN
ηΙ
Original
Pu
lse
Swee
p
Gate
ρ
can
be
obtained
visually
from
t
h
e
ana-
log
d
is
p
lay
.
T
he 100
Χ
measureme
n
t
averagi
ng im
p
roves
t
he
accuracy
an
d
resolution
of
t
he
measurement
.
T
h
e ac-
curacy
in
t
h
is
case
is
wit
h
in
4
ns
(
.00036%)
.
time
between
two
voltage
levels
R
isetime,
t
he time
between
t
he
10%
and
90%
p
ulse
levels,
or
t
he time
re-
q
uire
d
for
α
tra
n s
d
ucer
to
rise
from
one
level
to
an
ot
h
er,
can
easily
b
e
acq
u
ire
d
from
t
he 7D15's
TIME
Α
-
Β
M
o
de
.
T
h
e
7D15
offers
digital
rea
d
o
u
t,
accu-
racy an
d
convenience
in
ma
k
ing
t
h
ese
measureme
n
ts
.
For
exam
p
le,
if
you
are
ma
k
i
ng α
series
of
risetime
measure-
ments
w
here
t
he
10%
an
d
90%
levels
are
n
ot
c
h
anging,
eac
h
risetime
is d
igi-
tally
read out
on
t h
e
crt
;
t
h
is
elimi
n
ates
t h
e
nee
d
to
carefully
p
osition
t
h
e
wave-
form,
an
d
,
t
h
en
count
d
ivisions
on
t
h
e
crt
.
Cloc
k
7603
0
Delaye
d
Swee
p
Gate
C)"+
M
ainf
r
a
m
e
V
ertical
M
od
e
. . .
.
. .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
Alte
r
nate
He
r
ί
z
οπ
t
α
t
M
o
d
e
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
Α
713115
Α
Tr
igge
r
So
ur
ce
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
L
eft
V
e
r
tical
M
o
d
e
. . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
Tim
Α-
ι
Β
Ti
m
e B
ase
Ave
r
g
. . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Χ
1000
Main
Time/Div
. .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . .
.
.
Cloc
k
. .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
n
s
T
r
igge
r
i
ng
,
.
.
Gate
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
N
o
r
m
Β
Delaye
d
M
o
de
1n
de
p
en
den
t
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Displaye
d
W
avefo
r
m
.
. . .
.
.
.
. .
P
seud
o
Gate
T
r
igger
L
evel
.
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . .
Α
.6
V
,
Β5
.4
V
V
e
r
tical
Am
p
li
fie
r
Slo
p
e
Α&
Β
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
.
.
. .
+
Dis
p
lay
M
od
e
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . .
.
.
.
Ch
1
Co
up
le
Α
& Β
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
DC
Trigger
So
urce
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. .
C
h
1
Source
. . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
Ιπρυ
t
Α
V
olts/Div
. . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
Wh
en
ma
k
ing
a
d
j
ustments
to
yo
u
r
cir-
F
ig
.
10
.
E
qui
p
ment
setu
p
for
risetime
measurement
.
c
u
itry,
you
can
resolve
small
ch
anges
in
risetime
wit
h
outstandi
n
g
ease
and
than
125
ns
.
T
he
trigger
arming
gate
sig
n
al
from
t
h
e c
h
annel
Α
in
p
ut
(in
t
he
resolution
.
H
owever,
t
h
e
7D15
is
not
(t
he
d
elayed
swee
p
gate)
must
be con-
TIM
Α
-
Β
mo
d
e)
.
Wh
en
in,
eac
h
trigger
recommended
for
measuring
risetimes
necte
d
to
bot
h
t
h
e
Α
A
RM
an
d
t
h
e
Β
circuit
receives
its
trigger
1
faster
t
h
an
125
n
s
.
gger
signal
from
A
RM
connectors
.
Set
t
he
Α
trigger
level
its
res
p
ective
in
p
ut
connector
.
T
h
e
two
separate
trigger
circuits
of
t
h
e
co
n
trol
to
trigger
at
t
h
e
10%
p
oint
and
7D15
and
t
h
e
ability
to
set
exact
trigger
t
h
e
Β
trigger
level
co n
trol
for
t
h
e
90%
Trigger
armi
ng
is
required
for
t
h
is
levels
t
hroug h
t
h
e
two
TR
IG
LEVEL
p
oint
.
Now
α
ty
p
ical
time
interval
mea-
measurement,
because
ch
a
nn
el
Β
must
j
ack
allows
you
to
ma
k
e
very
accurate
surement
(TIM
Α
-
Β
)
can
b
e d
one
by
know
w
h
ic
h
p
u
lse
to
trigger
on
wit
h
re-
-isetime
measurements
wit
h
t
h
e
7D15
.
moving
t
he
intensifie
d
zone
from
one
seect
to
t
he undelaye
dp
ulse
.
Con
n
ect
Again,
trigger
arming can
b
e use
d
to
risetime
to
anoth
er
.
T
h
is
allows
you
to
the
d
elayed
swee
p gate
to
bot
h
trigger
select
α
p
articular
p
ulse
i
n non-rep
eti-
acc
u
rately
p
erform
selective
risetime
arming
in
p
ut
j
acks
.
tive
pu
lse
trains
.
measurements
wit
h
greater
resol
u
tio
n
Wit
h
t
he
oscillosco
p
e
vertical
mo
d
e
set
F
ig
.
10
s
h
ows
t
he eq
ui
p
ment
set
up
for
t
han
wit
h α
conventional
oscillosco
p
e
.
for
alternate
trace
sweeps,
trigger
t
he
measuri
ng
t
h
e
risetime
of
α
cloc
k
p
u
lse
sco
p
e
on
t
h
e
un
delayed
p
ulse (c
h
ann
el
as
it
is in
p
ut
into
α
fli
p
-flo
p
.
T
h
is is
α
p
ro
p
agation
delay
1)
.
Now
ad
j
ust
t
he
intensifie
d
zone
so
f
Ιίρ
-flo
p
w
h
ic
h
reg
υί
res
α
cloc
k
p
ulse
that
it
begi
ns before
t
he
rise
of
t
he
υη
-
,
risetime
of
150
ns
from
t
he
0
.6
V
to
t h
e
d
elaye
d
p
ulse,
an
d en ds before
t
he
rise
5
.4
V
level
.
T
h
e
two
signal
inputs
to
t
he
7D15
trig-
of
t
h
e
d
elayed p
u
lse
.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
agation
ger
circuits
allow
you
to
ma
k
e
p
ro
p
aga-
d
elay
is
t
hen read out
on
t
h
eCR
T
.
T
he
T
h
e
T
R
IGG
ER
SL
O
PE
controls
i
n
t
h
is
tion
d
elay
measure
m
ents q
uic
k
ly
an
d
meas
u
rement
in
t
h
is
case
is
76
.60
ns
.
measurement
are both
set
to
+
.
To
set
easily
.
F
ig
.
11
sh
ows
t
he
e
q
ui
p
ment
set-
t
he
T
R
IGG
ER
LEVEL
controls,
connect
up
re
q
uire
d
to
measure
t
he
p
ro
p
aga-
F
oGER
r
LEVEL
acc
u
racy,
b
ot
h
t
he
et
for
αD
VM
to
one
T
R
IG
LEVEL
j
ac
k
at
α
tion
d
elay
ex
p
erienced by
α
cloc
k
sig-
the
LEVEL
controls
sh
ould
be
s
time,
and
set
t
he
Α
trigger
level
for
0
.6
ηαΙ
as
it
p
asses
t
h
roug
h
seve
n
TT
L
same
voltage
level
.
ri
n
g
can
be ob-
V
an d
Β
trigger
level
for
5
.4
V
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
gates
.
taine
d
eit
h
er
by
measuring
t
h
e
voltage
TIM
Α
~
Β
M
OD
E
push
button
p
ressed
,
levels
t
hroug
h
t
he
T
R
IG
LEV
E
L
j
ac
ks
t
h
e
r
ί
et
ί
me
is
read
directly
on
t
he
CR
T
.
In
t
h
is
setup,
t
h
e
un
d
elayed p
ulse
is
wit
h α
D
VM,
or
by a
pp
lying
t
he
d
esired
1
η
t
h
is
case
t
he
αί
diecmeasurement
con
n
ected
to
bot
h channel
1
of
t
he
ver-
voltage
level
to
eac
h
j
ac k
(see
t
he d
is-
is
155
.60
ns
.
T
h
e
accuracy
is
within
2
n
s
tical
am
p
lifier
a
n
d c
hann
el
Α
of
t
h
e
cussion
of
trigger
level
in
t
he
intro
d
u
c-
or
1
.3%
.
7D15
;
t
he
d
elayed p
ulse
is
connecte
d
tion
sectio
n
)
.
to
ch
a
nn
el
2
of
t
h
e
vertical
am
p
lifier
1
0
T
h
is
met
h
o
d
can
be
easily
use
d
for
an
d channel
Β
of
t h
e
7D15
.
T
he
7D15's
measuri
n
g
rise
an
d
fall
times
slower
SO
UR
C
E
I
NPU
T
Β
pus
h
button
d
eter-
mines
t
he so
u
rce
of
t
h
e
trigger
signal
10
for
c
h
annel
Β
.
Wh
en
out,
it
receives
its
Σ
ph
ase
s
h
ift
Ph
ase
s
h
ift
is
critical
in
areas
li
ke
servo,
RF
or
d
igital
system
d
esign
.
T
he
most
common
met
h
o
d
of
meas
u
ri
n
g
ph
ase
sh
ift
is
to
u
se
an
oscillosco
pe
in
t
h
e
Χ
-
Υ
or
d
elaye
d
swee
p
mo
de
.
Α
more
acc
u
rate
met
h
o
d
of
measuring
p
hase
is
wit
h
t
he
7D15
.
To
d
etermi
n
e
ph
ase,
t
he
time
betwee
n
t
he
same
voltage
level
on
t
he
lea
d ing an d
lagging
sign
als
is
measure
d
an
d
d
ivi
d
ed by α
conversion
factor
(Time/Degree)
.
F
or
exam
p
le,
if
t
he p
erio
d
of
t
h
e
signal
(as
meas
u
re
d
wit
h
t
h
e
7D15)
is
2
its
(5
MHz),
t
he
Time/Degree
conversio
n
factor
is
:
2 μ
s/360
degree
=
5
.55
ns/
d
e-
gree
.
If
t h
e time
interval
b
etwee
n
t
he
two
p
hases
is
meas
u
red
at
50
ns,
t
h
e
p
h
ase
d
ifference
is
t
h
us
:
50
ns/5
.55
ns/
d
egree=9
.09
d
egree
of
p
h
ase
s
h
ift
.
F
ig
.
12
sh
ows
t
he eq
ui
pment
set up
for
t
h
e
measurement
of
t
h
e
ph
ase
sh
ift
of
α
5
MH
z
signal
.
L
i
k
e
t
he p
revious
p
ro
p
a-
gation
d
elay
meas
u
rement,
o
n
e
signal
is
a pp
lied
to
eac
h trigger
in
put to
t
he
7D15
.
Again
t
he
SO
UR
C
E
I
NPU
T Β
p
us
h
butto
n
is
p
resse
d
to
enable
b
ot
h
in
p
u
t
con
nectors
.
B
ot
h
t
he ch
a
nn
el
Α
a
n
d
Β TR
IGG
ER
LEVEL
controls
are
set
to
PRE
SE
T,
w
h
ic
h
means
t
he
trig-
ger
circuits
will
trigger
on
t h
e zero
crossover
p
oint
.
Trigger
arming
is
not
re
q
uire
d
for
t
h
is
measurement
.
M
erely trigger
t
he
sco
p
e
on
t
he negative
goi
ng
slo
p e
of
channel
1
.
T
h
is
assures
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
seudo
gate
d
is
p
lay
is
on
t
he
C
RT
.
T
he p
seu
d
o gate
dis
p
lay
i
nd
icates
t
h
at
t h
e
measureme
n
t
is
being
made
b
etwee
n
t
he
two
zero
crossover
p
oints
.
In
t
h
is
case,
t
h
e
time
measure
d
is
75
.60
n
s
for
ph
ase
sh
ift
of
75
.6
ns/5
.55
ns/ d
egree=13
.8
d
egrees
.
T
h
is
met
h
o
d
of
meas
u
ring
p
h
ase
sh
ift
can
be
use
d
for
si
n
gles
h
ot or re
p
etitive
sig
n
als,
wit
h
accuracies
of
0
.125°
an
d
0
.075°,
res
p
ectively
at
35
kH
z
.
Several
factors
affect
t
h
is
accuracy
:
1
.
Am
p
litu
d
e
of
t
h
e
two
signals-It
is
more
d
ifficult
for
t
h
e
7D15
trigger
cir-
cuits
to
d
etect
t
he zero
crossover
p
oint
on
low
am
p
litu
d
e
signals
.
2
.
R
elative
am
p
litu
d
e
of
t
he
two
signals
-I
d
eally
both
signals
s h
o
u
l
d
be
t
h
e
same
am
p
lit
ud
e
.
Cloc
k
In
p
ut
7TT
L
Gates
i
n
Series
L
ead
ing
Ph
ase
I
11
CH
1
L
aggi ng
Ph
ase
Delaye
d
Cloc
k
7
Α
18
Ι
7D15
Ι
7Β
53
Α
C
H
Α
&
Β
D
L
Y'D
T
R
IG
CH
2
ςΗ
Α ARM
C
F i
Β
IN
Ι
ο
7DIs
Out
p
ut
M
o
d
e
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tim
Α
-
Β
Ave
r
g
. . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
. .
Χ
1000
Clock
. . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
. . .
10
π5
Gate
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
N
o
rm
Ti
m
e
B
ase
Displayed
W
avefor
m
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
Pse
ud
o
Gate
Main
Ti
m
e/Div
. .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
Trigger
Level
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
.
50%
A
mp
lit
ude
Delayed
Ti
m
e/Div
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . .
Slo
p
e
Α &
Β
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
+
Triggering
.
.
Cou
p
l
Α
&Β
.
. . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
DC
Delaye
d
Trig
. . . . . . . . . .
Run
s
After
Dly
Time
So
ur
ce
. . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
Input
Β
V
e
r
tical
Am
p
lifie
r
M
ai
nfr
ame
Dis
p
lay
M
ode
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternate
V
ertical
M
ode
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Alte
r
nate
Trigger
So
urce
. . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
C
h
1
T
r
igge
r
Sou
r
ce
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . .
L
eft
V
olts/Div
. . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. .
F
ig
.
11
.
Eq
ui
p
ment
setu
p
for
p
ro
p
agation
d
elay
measurement
.
F
ig
.
12
.
Eq
uipment
setup
for
p
h
ase
s
h
ift
measurement
.
7603
7
Α
18
Ι
7D15
Ι
7Β53
Α
ο
Delaye
d
Swee
p
Gate
Out
M
ai
nfr
ame
7
ρης
V
e
r
tical
M
od
e
. .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alte
r
nate
M
o
d
e
. .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Ti
m
Α-
ιΒ
Trigger
So
u
rce
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
.
Left
Averg
. .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . .
1000
Χ
Ti
m
e
B
ase
Cloc
k
. . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . .
10
π
s
M
ai
n
Ti
m
e/Div
.
Gate
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . .
. .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
N
o
rm
I
r
igge
r
ing
-
. . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. .
Dis
p
laye
d
W
aveform
P
se
ud
o
Gate
. . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
T
r
igge
r
L
evel
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
Pr
eset
V
e
r
tical
A
mp
lifier
Slope
Α
&Β
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . .
+
Dis
p
lay
M
o
d
e
. . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
A
L
T
C
ουρΙ
Α&Β
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
AC
Trigge
r
So
ur
ce
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
h 1
So
ur
ce
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.I
n
put
Β
V
olts/Div
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
.
. .
. .
. . . . . . . .
.
.
. . . .
.
.
3
.
N
oise
on
t
h
e
signals-
N
oise
may
fire
t
he
trigger
circuits
p
rematurely
ca
u
sing
j
itter
in
t
h
e
measureme
n
t,
ulti-
mately
affecting
t
he
resolution
of
t
he
rea
d
out
.
4
.
F
re
q
ue
n
cy
of
t
he
signals-T
h
e
fre-
q
uency
ra
n
ge,
for
b
est
results,
is
60
Hz
to
50
MH
z
.
FRE
Q
UEN
CY
ME
AS
UREMEN
TS
frequency
F
ig
.
13
sh
ows
t
he eq
u
i
p
ment
setup
for
α basic
fre
q
ue
ncy
meas
u
rement
of
α
CW
sig
n
al
wit
h
t
he
7D14
.
F
or
t
h
is
mea-
su
rement,
t
he
signal
to
b
e
measure
d
is
route
d
t
hroug h
t
he
vertical
am
p
lifier
to
t h
e
7D15
.
T
he
ME
AS
UREMEN
T
I
NT
ER-
VAL d
etermi
n
es
t
he
resolution
of
t
h e
meas
u
rement
.
T
h
e
longest
measure-
ment
interval
(10
s)
p
rovides
t
h
e h
ig
h
-
est
resol
u
tion
.
In
t
h
is
case,
t
he
fre-
q
uency
is
120
.055
MHz
.
measuring
t
he
frequency
of
α
burst
signal
F
ig
.
14
sh
ows
t
h
ee
qu
i
p
ment
set
up
for
t h
e
meas
u
rement
of
α
T
.
V
.
B
urst
signal
wit
h
t
he
7D14
.
(T
he
samemeas
u
rement
ca
n
also
b
e
ma
d
e
wit
h
t
h
e
7D15
.)
N
ote
t
h
at
t h
e
burst
signal
from
t
h
eT
.
V
.
sig-
nal
generator
is
connecte
d
to
bot
h
t
h
e
713114
for
meas
u
rement
and
to
t
he
ver-
tical
amplifier for
d
is
p
lay
on
t
he
CR
T
.
T
he
co
u
nter
measurement
i
n
terval
gate
is
co
nnected
from
t
he
7D14
MON-
ITOR/EXIT
GAT
E
con
nector
to
t
h
e
vertical
am
p
lifier
for
d
isplay
on
t
h
e
C
RT
.
T
h
e
d
elayed
swee
p
gate
is
used
in
t
h
is
meas
u
rement
to
trigger
t
he
cou
n
ter,
and
t
h
us
t
he
Delay
Time
Mu
lti
p
lier
.
d
e-
termines
t
he
p
oint
w
here
t
he
fre
q
ue
n
cy
measurement
begi
n
s
.
T
he
7D14
fro
n
t-panel
d
eca
de
divide
buttons
select
t
he
measurement
inter-
val
for
t
h
is
measurement
.
T
he
selecte
d
meas
u
rement
i
n
terval
m
u
st
b
e
shorter
t
han
t
h
e
bu
rst
time,
or
α con
siste
n
tly
lower
frequency read
ing
will
occur
.
Since
1
ms
is
t
he
sh
ortest
meas
u
rement
C
W
Signal
B
urst
7
Α
19
i
7
Α
26
i
7D14
i
7
13
92
Α
I
NPU
T
ο
F
ig
.
13
.
E
q
uipment
setup
for fre
q
uency
measurement
.
μριΙμιιΙΙιιιμΙΙΙ
f
ν
,
S
πκ
se
M
O
N
ITO
R
FVC
Η
1
FT
-0
0
I
RE
S
ET
C
H 2
Ι
C
H
Q
A
Fig
.
14
.
Eq
ui
p
me
n
t
setu
p
for
measurement
of
burst
fre
q
uency
.
7704
Α
M
ai
nfr
ame
V
ertical
M
ode
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
Left
T
r
igge
r
So
ur
ce
(B
Hole)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L
eft
Trigge
r
So
ur
ce
(
ΑH
ole)
. . .
.
. . . . . .
.
. . .
R
ig
h
t
Ti
m
eB
ase
M
ai
n
Ti
m
e/Div
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
. . .
71314
T
r
iggeri
ng
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . .
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
M
easure
m
en
t I
n
te
r
val
. . .
.
. . . . . .
.
. . . . .
1
m
s
Β
W
. .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. .
525
MH
z
V
ertical
A
mp
lifie
r
Cou
p
li
n
g
. . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
. . . . . . .
DC
Dis
p
lay
M
o
de
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
L
evel/Slo
pe
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
V
A
R
T
r
igger
So
u
rce
. .
.
. . . . . . . .
I
np
ut
Se
nsitivity
. . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
Trig
So
ur
ce
V
olts/Div
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . .
7704
Α
7
Α
26
7D14
7
13
92
Α
Ο
Delayed
Swee
p
Gate
Out
R
ear
P
anel
71314
M
easu
reme
n
t I
n
terval
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . 1
ms
B
W
.
.
. . . . .
.
.
. . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
525
MHz
Ti
m
e
B
ase
Co
up
li
ng
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
DC
Mai
n
Ti
m
e/Div
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
L
evel/Slo
pe
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . .
V
AR
Delaye
d
Time/Div
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . .
Input
Se
n
sitivity
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
T
r
iggeri
ng
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
M
ai nf
rame
V
e
r
tical
Amplifier
V
e
r
tical
Mo
de
.
. .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
L
eft
Dis
p
lay
M
ode
. . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
H
o
r
izo
ntal M
od
e
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
Β
Trigge
r
Sou
r
ce
. . . . . . . . . . .
Β
T
r
igge
r
So
ur
ce
. . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
L
eft
V
e
r
tical
V
olts/Div
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
interval,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n be
selecte
d
on
t
h
e
7D14,
t
he
burst
to
b
e
measure
d
must
be
wi
d
er
t
han
1
ms
.
T
he
resol
u
tion
of
*h
e
7D14
u
sing
t h
e
1
ms
i
n
terval
is
1
kH
z
.
M
easurement
resolution
is
t
hus
limite
d
on lower
freq
u
ency
sig
n
als
.
For
t
h
is
burst
fre
q uency
measurement,
t
he
1
ms
ME
AS
UR
EMEN
T
I
NT
ERV
A
L
is
selecte
d
.
T
he
I
NPU
T
S
EN
SITI
V
ITY
is
set
to
100
mV
and
t
h
eT
R
IGG
ERLEVEL
/
S
L
O
PE
control
is
set
to
count
on
t
h
e
positive-going
slo
pe
of
eac
h
cycle
wit
h
-
i
n
t
he
burst
.
F
ig
.
14 sh
ows
α bu
rst
fre-
q
uency
measurement
of
3
.577
MH
z
.
On
bu
rsts
of
10
ms
or
greater,
t
he
10-ms
ME
AS
UREMEN
T
I
NT
ERV
A
L can be
se-
lecte
d
to
increase
t
he
resolution
b
y α
factor of
te
n
.
counting
t
he
number
of
cycles
or
events
in
α
burst
7
Α
26
Disp
lay
M
o
d
e
.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
hop
Co
up
ling
. .
.
. . .
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
. .
.
. . .
. . . . . . .
DC
Se
n
sitivity
C
h
1
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . .
as req
.
C
h 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
5
V
Tr
igge
r
So
ur
ce
. . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . .
C
h
1
Burst
Signal
7
Α
26
7
Α
19
7D14
7Β92
Α
CH
1
σ
CH
A
7704
Α
Delaye
d
Swee
p
Gate
Out
R
ear
Panel
7D14
7
Β
92
Α
Manual
Gate
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . .
Off
M
o
d
e
.
.
. .
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
. . . . .
. .
.
A
u
to
Dis
p
lay
Ti
m
e
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
M
i
dr
ange
Co
up
li
ng
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . .
AC
Fig
.
15
SNO
W
S the
equipment
Set-
U
for
Cou
p
li
n
g
.
. .
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
. . .
DC
So
u
rce
. . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
Ιη
t
.
ρ
Βω
. . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
525
MHz
τ
i
m
e/
οι
y
. . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
D
ι
y
Time
Counting
t
he n
u
mber
of
Cycles
i
n
α
Ι
L
evel/Slo
pe
. . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . .
V
ar
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
Ru
ns
afte
r
d
ly
Input Sensitivity
. . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
.
100
MV
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . .
Alt
.
Off
.
bu
rst
.
In
t
h
is
case,
t
h
e
d
elayed
swee
p
gate
sets
t
he
measurement
interval
of
F
ig
.
15
.
E
q
uipment
setup
for
cou
n
ting
t
h
e
num
ber
of
cycles
in
α
burst
.
t
h
e
7D14
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
d
elaye
d
swee
p gate
is
not α
p
recision
cali
b
rated
measure-
ment
interval,
οηΙγ
t
h
e
actual
cou
n
t
is
is
d
is
p
laye
d
in
t
h
e
u
pp
er
center
of
t
h
e
α
meas
u
reme
n
t
f
O
3114
cycles
in
α
"
read
o
u
t
wit
h
no
frequency
units
.
Once
crt
.
T
h
e
±1 co
u
nt
ambiguity
i
nh
eren
t
burst
.
T
h
e
only
limitation
in
ma
k
ing
t
h
is
α
stable
d
is
p
lay
is
o
b
tained,
t
h
e
Delay
in
cou
n
ter
measurements
d
oes
not
af-
measurement
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
minim
u
m
i
n
p
u
t
Time
M
ultiplier
an
d
t
h
e
V
ariable
Time/
fect
t
he
accuracy
of
t
h
is
meas
u
rement
cycle wi
d
t
h
to
t
h
e
CHΑ
I
NPU
T
is
10 n
s,
Division
controls
are
set
to
obtain
α
d
e-
if
t
he
co
u
nter
gate
is
op
ene
d
and
closed
an
d
t
h
e
gate
i
n
p
ut
must
be
at
least
500
laye
d
swee
p
gate
t
h
at
encloses
t
he
between
bursts
as
sh
own
.
F
ig
.
17
s
h
ows
ns
wi
d
e
.
b
u
rst
to
be
measure
d
.
(
N
ote
t
h
at
t
h
is is
t
he
o
pp
osite
of
t
h
e
fre
qu
e
ncy
measure-
ment
.)
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
d
elayed
swee
p gate
is
d
is
p
laye
d
on
t
he
C
RT
along
wit
h
t
h
e
Bu
rst,
t
he p
osition
and
wi
d
t
h
of
t
h
e
measurement
interval
can
be
set
q
uic
k
-
ly
and
accurately
.
Wh
en
o
p
erating
t
he
7D14
in
α
vertical
plug-in
com
p
artment
of
t
h
e
oscillo-
sco
p
e,
t
h
e
out
p
ut
of
t
h
e
counter
s
h
ap
er
can
also
be
d
is
p
laye
d
(see
F
ig
.
16)
.
Sim
u
ltaneo
u
s
viewi
ng
of
t
h
e
7D14
trig-
ger
s
h
a
p
er
out
p
ut
wit
h
t
h
e
burst
ma
kes
it
p
ossible
to
ad
j
ust
t
h
e
7D14
T
R
IGG
ER
LEVEL
control
to
cou
n
t
only
t
h
ose
cy-
cles
of
t
h
e
d
esire
d
am
p
litude
as sh
ow
n
.
T
he
mainframe
vertical
mo
d
e
switc
h
must
be
set
to
alternate
or
ch
o
p
to
view
F
ig
.
16
.
Dis
p
lay
of
counter
s
h
a
p
er
F
ig
.
17
.
Dis
p
lay
of
3114
cycle
burst
.
t
h
e
trigger
sh
a
p
er
o
u
t
p
ut
.
As
t
h
e
T
R
IG-
out
p
ut
.
G
ER
LEVEL
control
is
a
d
j
usted
for
h
ig
h
er
levels,
t
h
e
lower
am
p
lit
u
de
cy-
cles
of
t
h
e
bu
rst
are
n
ot
recognize
d
~
by
t
h
e
7D14
trigger
circuit
.
T
he
count
Th
e
oscillosco
p
e
delaying
swee
p
time
base
is
α standard
tool
for
measuring
t
h
e
time
d
elay
between
events and
for
ma
k
ing
delayed
swee
p
measurements
.
Trigger
j
itter
an d
t h
e
1%
ο
accuracy
of
t
h
e
d
elaying
sweep
ram
p
,
h
owever,
often
limit
t
he
usefulness
of
t
h
is
analog
ty
p
e
d
elay
.
T
h
ese
p
roblems
become
critical
w
h
e
n
wor
k
i
n
g
wit
h d
igital
logic,
com
pu
ter
peri
p
h
erals,
P
CM
telemetry,
radar,
son
ar,
sh
oc
k tube
testing,
or
d
e-
lay
line
measureme
n
ts,
w
here
low
f
it-
te
r
,
precision
time
delays
are
re
q
uire
d
.
Th
e
Tektronix
7D11
Digital
Delay
a
nd
7D10
Digital
Delay
units
provide
solu-
tions
to
t
h
ese
p
ro
b
lems
of
accu
r
acy
and
jitte r
.
At
first
glance
t
he
o
p
eration
of
t
he
7D11
Digital
Delay
may
seem
com
p
licated,
b
ut
it
actually
p
erforms
t
h
e
same
func-
tio
n
as
t
h
e
oscillosco
pe
analog
d
elay
.
In
t h
e
7D11
α
p
recise
cloc
k
an d h
ig
h
resol
u
tio
n
counter
h
ave
b
ee
n
s
u
bsti-
tuted
for
t
he
d
elaying
swee
p
ram
p
a
n
d
Delay
Time
M
ulti
p
lier
control,
w
h
ic
h
p
rovi
d
es
t
h
e
delay time
i
n an
oscillo-
sco
pe
.
T
h
e
7D11
h
as
two
mo
d
es
of
o
p
eration,
delay-by-time
andde
l
ay-by-
events,
selecte
d
wit
h
fro
n
t
pan
el
push
buttons
.
T
h
e
delay-by-time
m
o
d
e
du
p
li-
cates
t
h
e
f
u
nctio
n
of
t
he
oscillosco
pe
delayi
n
g
swee
p
time
b
ase,
bu
t
wit
h
muc
h
greater
accuracy
t
han
is
p
ossible
wit
h
analog
d
elay
.
The
delay-by-events
mo
de
allows
you
to
delay
t
h
e
sweep
for
α
s
p
ecific
nu
mber
of
counts
or
cloc
k
pu
lses
.
(T
he
7D10
is
similar
to
t
he
7D11
exce
p
t t
h
at
it
p
rovides
only
t
he
d
elay-
by-events
mo
de
.)
1
η
th
e
delay-by-time
m
ode
(see
F
ig
.
18),
t
he
7D11
receives
α
trigger
t
h
ro
ugh
t
he
front-
p
anel
ΕΧΤ
T
R
IG
IN
connector,
w
h
ic
h
signals
it
to
start
cou
n
ti
n
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
ly
accurate
internal
cloc
k
.
At
t
he
e
nd
of
α
selecte
d d
elay
time,
α
delaye
d
trigger
signal
is
d
elivere
d
both
to
t
he
fro
n
t-
p
anel
D
L
Y'D
TR
IG
OUT
con
n
ector
a
nd
i
n
ternally
to
t
h
e
mainframe,
w
here
it
can
be
route
d
d
irectly
to
t
h
e
time
b
ase
u
sing
t
h
e
mai
n
frame
trigger
selec-
tio
n
p
u
s
hbu
ttons
.
2
Α
DIGITA
L
DEL
AY
ME
AS
UREMEN
TS
d
igital
d
elay
Τ
R
Delaye
d
Trigger
Ι
Delaye
d
Trigger
Ι
E
ve
n
ts
7D11
Delay
Time
F
ig
.
18
.
7D11 DIGITA
L
D
EL
AY
operating
in
delay-by-time
mode
.
7D11
ι
Ι
D
L
Y'D
T
RIG
OUT
ΕΧΤ
TRIG
C)'EVEN
TS
~
IN
STAR
T
Ο
?
T
I
RIG
IN
F
ig
.
19
.
7D11
DIGITA
L D
EL
AY
operating
in
d
elay-by-events
mo
de
.
T
h
e
d
elay
time
is
selecte
d
wit
h
t
he
fro
n
t
p
anel
D
EL
AY
TIME
OR
EVEN
TS
d F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
con
trols
.
F
or
conve-
J
n
e
n
ce,
t
he
setti
n
g
of
t
he
D
EL
AY
TIME
OR
EVEN
TS
control
is
d
is
p
laye
d
on
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
crt
readout
.
T
he
7D11
internal
cloc
k p
rovi
des
an
acc
u
racy
of
-
-2
n
s
(0 .5
ppm),
w
h
ic
h
is
Τ
muc
h
more
accurate
t
han can
be
o
b-
taine
d from an
analog
d
elayed
swee
p
time
base
.
If
accuracy
greater
t
han
0
.5
pp
m
is
re
q
uire
d
,
t
h
e
7D11
d
elay-by-
R
P
Ι
time
cloc
k
can
be
referenced
to
an ex-
ternal
1-
MH
z
timing
stand
ard
i
n
p
ut
Ι
t
hrough
t
h
e
ΕΧΤ
1
ΜΗΖ
IN
connector
.
Delaye
d
Trigger
J
itter
wit
h
t
he d
igital
d
elay
is
re
d
uce
d
to less
t
ha
n
2
.2
n
s
for
d
elay
times
as
Ι
lo
ng as 22
ms
.
1
η
t
h
e
delay-by-events
m
ode
(see
F
ig
.
Ί
---
Delay
Time
-j,
19),
t
he
7D10
or
7D11
counts
trigger
events from
an
exter
n
al
source,
eit
h
er
p
eriodic
or
ap
erio
d
ic,
and
generates
α
d
elayed
trigger
once
α
p
reselecte
d
co
un
t
h
as
been
reac
h
ed
.
Two
signals
are
re
q
uire
d
to
o
p
erate
t
h
e
7D10
or
7D11
i
n
t
he delay-by-even
ts
mo
de
.
One
signal
is in
p
ut
t
hroug h
t
h
e
ΕΧΤ
T
R
IG IN
F
ig
.
20
.
R
a
d
ar
pulse timing
measurement
.
co
nn
ector
a
n
d p
rovi
des
t
h
e
eve
n
ts to
be
cou
n
te
d
.
T
h
e
ot
h
er signal
is in
p
ut
t
hroug h
t
h
e
EVEN
TS
STA
RTTR
IG
ΙΝ
,-------------
.
on
n
ector
and
tells
t
h
e
delay
un
it
w
h
en
G
B
p
ELAY-
ΒΥ
-
ΤΙΜΕ
to
begin
counting
.
B
ot
h
connectors
t
h
is
instability
can
become
excessive
h
ave
in
d ep en d
ent
trigger
controls
.
an
d
ma
k
e
t
he d
is
p
lay
unuseable
Wh
en
MEASUREMENTS
.
50
MH
z
Events
ca
n
be
cou
n
te
d
at
rates
up
to
using
d
elay-by-events,
t
he
oscillosco
p
e
,
Wh
en
t
h
e
selecte
d
num
b
er of
is
triggere
d
at or
near
t
he event
to
b
e
events
h
as
bee
n
cou
n
te
d
,
α
signal
is
observe
d
,
rat
h
er
t
han
at
t
h
e
en
d
of
α
Testing
α
ra
d
ar
system
is
one
exam
p
le
d
elivere
d
to
both
t
he
D
L
Y'D
T
R
IG
O
UT
fixe
d time
d
elay
.
Timing
signal
j
itter
h
as
of
h
ow
more
accurate
measurements
connector
an d
i
n
ter
n
ally
to
t
he
mai
n
-
no
effect
on
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
can
be
made
wit
h α d
igital
d
elay
un
it
.
frame
.
T
he events
count,
w
h
ic
h
is
d
is-
T
h
e
measurement
of
t
he d
elay
time
be-
p
laye
d
on
t
he
crt
read
o
u
t,
can
be
set
to
Wit
h
delay-by-events
you
h
ave
t
h
e
tween
t
h
e
transmitter
p
ulses
(
Τ)
an d
any
n
umber
from
1
to
10
million
.
a
dd
e
d
conve
n
ience
of
being
able
to
ec ho
p
ulses
(R)
of
α
ra
d
ar
system
ty
p
i-
select
α
p
articular
cloc
k p
ulse
(t
he
10t
h
c
αΙΙγ
calls
for
t
he
measureme
n
t
of
long
T
h
e
main
reason
for
u
si
ng
delay-by-
p
ulse,
t
he
256t
h
pulse,
etc
.
i
n α
long
is
d
is
p
lay
stability
.
Disp
lay
sta-
ρ
)
g
d
elay
times
wit
h
αη
accuracy
of
α
few
b
ί
lity
becomes
α
p
roblem
wit
h
tr
αd
ί
t
ί
α
-
pulse
trai
n
to
trigger
t
he
oscilloscope
na
n
osecon
ds
.
Ιη
t
h
is
exam
p
le,
t
he
7D11
οη
.
T
h
is
relieves
you
of
t
he
j
ob
of vis-
p
rovi
d
es α very accurate
time
refere
n
ce
αΙ
d
elay-by-time
measureme
n
ts,
w
hen
υαΙΙγ
counting
cloc
k
p
ulses
οη
t
h
e
crt
for
t
h
is
ty
p
e
of
measurement
(see
F
ig
.
t
h
e
sig
n
al
b
ei
n
g
u
sed
to
trigger
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
.
20)
.
Το
ma
ke
t
h
is
measurement,
t
h
e
d
elay
is
unstable
.
S
p
ee
d
variations
i
n
α
rotation
d
is
k
memory,
for
example,
transmitter
p
ulse
is
use
d
to
trigger
t
h
e
cause
ty
p
ical
d
is
k
timing
signals
li
k
e
7D11
.
T
he
7D11
delayed
trigger
outp
ut
origin or
sector
p
u
lses
to
j
itter
.
Wh
en
is
t
hen
com
p
are
d
οη
t
h
e
crt
wit
h
t
h
e
u
sing
eit
h
er
analog or d
igital
time
d
e-
ech
o
p
ulse
.
Coi
n
ci
d
ence
between
t
h
e
Ιαγ
,
w
here
t
he
swee
p
is
d
elaye
d
by
α
two
p
ulses
is
obtaine
d
by ad
j
usti
n
g
t
he
fixe
d
amount
of
time,
t
h
is
j
itter
causes
7D11
D
EL
AY
ΤΙΜΕ
O
R
EVEN
TS
an
d
t
he d
is
p
lay
to ju
m
p back απ
d
fort
h
.
F
or
F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
controls
.
T
he
d
elay time
h
ig
h time
resolution
measurements
d
is
p
laye
d
οη
t
h
e
C
R
T
rea
do
u
t
p
lus
t
he
,
setting
of
t
h
e
F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
control
is
t
h
e
delay time
between
t
he
transmitter
,-
an d
t
he ec
h
o
p
ulses
.
B
efore
making
this
measurement,
the
oscilloscope
an
d
t
he
d
elay
unit
must
be
calibrate
d
.
F
ig
.
21
shows
the
equi
p
-
ment
setu
p and
waveforms
for
cali
b
rat-
ing
t
h
is
ra
d ar
p
u
lse
measureme
n
t
system
.
Initial
system
cali
b
ration
is
required
beca
use
t
he
7D11
and
t
he
oscillosco
p
e
time
b
ase
plug-in
h
ave
in
depen
de
n
t
trigger
level
controls
.
For
maximum
measurement
accuracy,
both
p
lug-ins
must be
set
to
trigger
on
t
h
e
same
level
and
slope
.
F
or
t
he
most
acc
u
rate
meas
u
rements,
α
time
mark
generator
with
α
500-ns
time
marker
should
be
used
for
cali-
bration
.
Τ
-connect
the
time
mark
gen-
erator
out
p
ut
to b
oth
t
he
7D11
ΕΧΤ
TR
IG
IN
connector
and
C
H
1
of
t
h
e
d
ual-trace
vertical
am
p
lifier,
t
h
en
con-
nect
t h
e
7D11
D
L
Y'D
TR
IG
O
U
T
to
C
H2
of
t
h
e
vertical
am
p
lifier
.
Set
t
he
vertical
am
p
lifier
trigger
source
switch
to
C
H
2,
an
d
t
he
mainframe
vertical
mo
d
e,
left
a
n
d
trigger
source,
left
.
Select
α 500-ns
d
elay
(0
.0005
ms)
wit
h
t
he
7D11
D
EL
AY
TIME
O
R
EVEN
TS
co
n
trol,
and
set
t
he
F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
control
to
zero
.
After
set-
ting
t
h
e
time
base
trigger
level
for
α
sta
b
le
d
isplay,
ad
ju st
t
he
7D11
TR
IG-
G
ER
LEVEL
con
trol
for
exact overlay
of
t
he 0
.5
μs time
mar
k and
t
he
7D11
delaye
d
trigger
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
ulse
as sh
own
in
F
ig
.
21
.
T
he
system
is
now
cali
b
rate
d
.
T
h
e
7D11
an d time
base
TR
IGG
ER
LEVEL
controls
m
u
st
n
ot
b
e read
j
uste
d
t
hroughout
t
h
e
remainder
of
t
h
e
mea-
su
rement
.
16
Time
M
ar
k
Generator
5
ά0+ν
~
~QbSI
'~,
54#
ι
5''
.
IN
7603
7
Α
26
7D11
7
121
53
Α
ο
C
H
1
DLY'D
TRIG
OUT
ΕΧΤ
TRIG
ΟΟ
C
H
2
7011
M
ainframe
Trigge
r
Sou
r
ce
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
ΕΧΤ
V
ertical
M
od
e
. . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . .
.
. . . .
LEF
T
T
r
igger
Co
up
ling
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
AC
Α
T
r
igger
So
u
rce
.
. . . . .
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . .
LEF
T
Trigger
L
evel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
Β
Sweep
Delay
M
ode
. . . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
IND
Time
B
ase
Delay
Time
or
Events
. . . . . . . . . .
500
ns
Delay
Vertical
Amplifier
.
.
. .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . .
.
Count
M
ode
. . . . . . .
ΤΙΜΕINTERNALC
LOCK
Trigger
Source
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CH
2
F
ine
Delay
. . . .
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 ns
Vertical
M
ode
. . .
.
.
. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.ALT
F
ig
.
21
.
Eq
uipment
setup
for
initial
calibration
using
α time
mar
k
generator
.
If
α
time
mar
k
ge
n
erator
is
not
avail-
ab
le,
t
he
met
ho
d
s h
own
in
F
ig
.
22
7
Α
26
7D1
1
7
Β
53
Α
can
be
use
d
for
calibrating
t
h
e
system
at
α
slig
h
t
sacrifice
in
accuracy
.
Th
i
s
CH
1
DLY'D
TRIG
met
ho
d
relies
on
t
h
e
accuracy
of
t
h
e
OUT
analog
swee
p
for
t h
e
initial
calibration
.
Rad
ar
(
Τ
)
Ε
Τ
T
R
IG
Τ
-connect
t
h
e
transmitter
p
ulse
to
both
Ρ
CH
2
ο
ο
t
he
7D11
ΕΧΤ
TR
IG
IN
con
n
ector
an
d
C
H
1
of
t
he
vertical
am
p
lifier,
t
h
en
co
n
-
(T)
nect
t
he
7D11
DL
Y'D
TR
IG
O
U
T
con-
nector
to
C
H2
of
t
he
vertical
am
p
lifier
.
Select
minim
u
m
d
elay
(0
.0001
ms)
wit
h
t
he
7D11
D
EL
AY
TIME
O
R
EVEN
TS
con
trol,
an
d again
ma
k
e
sure
t
he
7D11
F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
co
n
trol
is
at
zero
.
Trigger
7
ρ
11
the
oscilloscope
swee
p on the
trans-
Delay
Time
or
Events
. . . . . . . . . . . .
0
.0001
ms
mitter
p
ulse,
t
hen
ad
ju
st
t
he
7D11
(same
as
F
ig
.
21)
7603
7
Α2
Β
TR
IGG
ERLEVEL
control
so
t
h
at
100
ns
Vertical
M
ode
. . .
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LEFT
Vertical
M
ode
. . . . . . . . .
.
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
. .
ALT
exists
between
the
leading
e
d
ges
of
t
h
e
Trigger
Source
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
LEFT
Trigger
Source
. . .
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CH
1
transmitter
p
ulse
an
d
t
h
e
7D11
DL
Y'D
TR
IG
O
UT
p
ulse
.
T
h
e
system
is
now
F
ig
.
22
.
Alternate
met
h
o
d
of
system
calibration
using
t
h
e
ra
d
ar
transmission
puls~
calibrate
d
.
Again,
t
he
7D11
an
d
time
base
TR
IGG
ER
LEVEL
controls
must
n
ot
be
rea
d
j
uste
d
t
h
ro
ugh
o
u
t
t
he
re-
main
d
er
of
t
h
e
measureme
n
t
.
T
h
e
accuracy
of
t
h
e radar
p
ulse
mea-
su
rement
w
h
en
u
sing
t
he
cali
b
ration
t
hod sh
own
in
Fig
.
21
is
2
n
s
.
U
si
n
g
1W
e
met
h
O
d
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
ig
.
22
yiel
d
s an
acc
uracy
of
5
ns or
less
d
e
pen d
ing
on
t
h
e
accuracy
of
t
h
e
an
alog
swee
p
ram
p
.
W
it
h
t
h
e
system
cali
b
rate
d
,
t
he time
difference
between
the
transmitter
p
ulse
(
Τ)
and
t h
e ec h
o
p
ulse
(R)
ca
n
now
be
measure
d
wit
h
t
he
result
d
is
p
laye
d
on
t
he
crt
rea
d
out
.
F
ig
.
23
s h
ows
t
h
e
eq
ui
p
ment
connecte
d
for
t
he
actual
ra
dar
p
u
lse
measureme
n
t
.
Connect
t
h
e
transmitter
p
ulse
to
t
h
e
7D11
ΕΧΤ
T
R
IG
IN
connector,
t
h
e ec h
o
p
ulse
to
C
H
1
of
t
h
e
vertical
am
p
lifier,
and
set
t
he
vertical
am
p
lifier
trigger
source
for
C
H
2
.
T
he 7D11's
D
L
Y'D
TR
IG
O
UT
pu
lse
is
now
triggering
t
h
e
system
.
T
he
d
is
p
lay
is
now
α
cali
b
rate
d
,
movable
time
win
d
ow
controlle
d
by
t
h
e
7D11
D
EL
AY
TIME
O
R
EVEN
TS
control
.
T
h
e
7D11
D
L
Y'D
T
R
IG
OU
T
p
ulse
is
t
he
meas
u
reme
n
t
reference
p
oint
on
t
he
dis
p
lay
.
A
d
ju st
t
h
e
7D11
D
EL
AY
TIME
O
R
Fig,
23
.
Eq
uipment
setu
p
for
ra
d
a
r
p
ulse
d
elay
time
measurement
.
EVEN
TS
k
no
b
to
move
t
h
e
ec
ho p
ulse
to
coinci
d
e
wit
h
t
h
e
lea
d
ing
e
d
ge
of
t
he
DL
Y'D
T
R
IG
O
UT
p
ulse
.
Use slower
w
ee p sp
ee
ds
at
first,
t
h
en as
t
he
wave
forms
get
nearer,
switc
h
to
faster
10
μ
s
swee
p sp
ee
ds
for
better
resol
u
tio
n
.
Wh
en
t
h
e
ec
h
o
p
ulse
is
wit
h
i
n
100
ns
of
t
h
e
risi
ng
p
ortio
n
of
t
h
e
D
L
Y'D
TR
IG
1
μ
S
O
UT
p
ulse,
use
t
he
7D11
F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
Ι
7D11
Ι
d
ial
to
align
t
he
two
p
ulses
(as
sh
own
Dis
p
lay
,litte
r
Ι
vs
.
Ι
i
n F
ig
.
26)
.
Wh
en
aligne
d
,
t
he actu
al
1
ρ
0
Delay
Time
η
s
d
elay
time
betwee
n
tra
n
smitter
an
d
ec h
o
p
ulses
is
t h
e s
u
m
of
t
h
e
crt
rea
d
-
out
p
lus
t
he
F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
setti
ng
.
F
or
10 ns
t
h
is
illustratio
n
,
t
h
e 0
.0051
ms
crt
rea
d
-
22
ou
t
an
d
75
ns F
I
NE
D
EL
AY
read
o
u
t
ms
give
α
total
d
elay
of
0
.005175
ms
.
T
h
e
2
.2
n
s
accuracy
of
t
h
e
measureme
n
t
is
wit
h
in
1
ns
t
h
e
7D11
s
p
ecifie
d
accuracy
of
2 ns
.
10
μ
s
100
μ
s
1
ms
10
ms
100
ms
1
s
10S
100S
T
he
same
measurement
ma
de
wit
h
t
he
analog
d
elayed
swee
p
,
yiel
d
s an
error
DE
L
AY
TIME
of
a
pp
roximately
40 ns
.
To
d
etermine
t
he
amount
of
j
itter
t
h
at
will
a
pp
ear
on
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay,
u
se
t
he c
h
art
i
n F
ig
.
24
.
F
or
t
h
e a
b
ove
measureme
n
t
of
0
.005175
ms,
t
he d
is
p
lay
j
itter
is
less
t
han 2
.2
ns
.
T
h
is
jitter
is
n
ot
n
otice-
able
since
t
he
swee
p
s
p
ee
d
is
5
ns/
DI
V
.
T
h
is
dis
p
lay
j
itter
is
also
20
times
better
t
han
can
b
e
o
b
tai
ne
d
wit
h a
n
alog
g
Ιαγ
.
R
ad
ar
7
Α
26
713111
Vertical
M
ode
. .
.
. . . . .
.
. . . . .
.
.
.
. . . . . .
ALT
Delay
Time
.
.
.
.
. .
Set
Delayed
Trigger
Out
Trigger
Source
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . . . . . . . .
ςΗ
2
to be
Coincident
with R
Ρ
F
ig
.
24
.
C
h
a
r
t
of
7D11
j
itter
vs
d
elay time
.
(R
)
i
ιιδΗ
2
ΙΝ
,
?
0
ο
σ
5000
7
Α
26
Ι
7D11
Ι
71353
Α
I
GH
1
Ι
D
LY'D
I
TRIG
ααοσ
s+
s
+
υ
;
:
)
ΙΙΙΙΙ
~
OUT
ΕΧΤ
TRIG
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