I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
ΜΑΝ
U
A
L
MA
N
U
A
L
M
ER
C
H
ANT
PO
ΒΟΆ
927792
SA
N
DI
E
GO
CA
92192-7792
;
α
(858)
842-0785
"
FAX
(858)
642-0885
S/
Ν
B020000-up
Serial
Nu
mber
7S12
TD
R
/SA
MPL
E
R
Te
k
t
r
on
ix,
Inc
.
0
Ρ
.
Ο
.
Box
500
"
B
eave
r
to
n
,
O
r
egon
97005
0
Ph
o
n
e
644-0161
"
Cables
:
Te
k
t
r
o
n
ix
070-1244-00
1171
W
A
RR
AN
TY
All
Te
k
t
r
onix
instr
u
ments
are
warranted
against
defective
mate
r
ials
a n
d
workmanship
for
one
year
.
Any
q
uestio
n
s
with
respect
to
t
h
e
warranty,
mentione
d above,
s
h
ould
be
ta
ken
up
with
yo
u
r
Te
k
tronix
F
ield
E
ngineer or
representative
.
All
requests for
repairs
and
r
e
p
lacement
p
arts
s
h
oul
d
be
directe
d to
t
h
e
Te
ktronix
F
iel
d Office
or
representative
in
your
area
.
T
h
is
procedure
ινίΙΙ
assure
you
t h e
fastest
p
ossible service
.
P
lease
incl
u
de
t
he
instrument
Ty
p
e
(o
r
P
a rt
N
umber)
and
Serial
or
M
o
d
el
N
umber
wit
h
all
req
u
ests
for
parts
or
service
.
Sp
ecifications
a
nd
price
c
h
ange
privileges
reserved
.
Co
p
yrig
h
t
@
1971
by
Te
k
tronix,
Inc
.,
B
eaverton,
Oregon
.
P
rinted
in t
h
e
U
nited
States of
America
.
All
rig
h
ts
reserve
d
.
Contents
of
t
h
is
p
ub
lication
may
not
be reprod
uced
in
any
for
m
with
out
permission
of
t
he
cop
yrig
h
t
owner
.
U
.S
.A
.
and
foreign
Te
k
tronix
prod
u
cts
covered
by
U
.S
.
and
foreign p
atents
an
d
/or
p
atents
p
en
d
ing
.
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
SECTION
1
CHARACTERISTICS
Page
SECTION
4
MAINTENANCE
(cont)
Description
1-1
Readout
Symbol
Adjustment
Electrical
Characteristics
1-1
(>
and
<)
4-2
Physical
Characteristics
1-5
Repackaging
for
Shipment
4-3
Environmental
Characteristics
1-5
SECTION
2
OPERATING
INSTRUCTIONS
General
Information
2-1
Installation
2-1
Controls
and Connectors
2-1
First
Time
Operation
2-5
Voltage
Reflection
Coefficient
2-7
Impedance
Scale
Overlays
2-8
Time
or
Distance
Measurements
2-8
High
Resolution
2-11
Single
Sweep
Operation
2-11
PRESET
Calibration
2-12
Application
Connections
2-13
SECTION
4
MAINTENANCE
REV
.
C,
NOV
.
1977
SECTION
5
PERFORMANCE
CHECK/ADJUST-
MENT
Introduction
5-1
Equipment
Required
5-1
Performance
Check
and
Adjustment
Record
and
Index
5-2
7512
Checks
5-3
S-6,
S-52
and
7512
System
Checks
5-5
S-5,
S-54 and
7512
System Checks
5-7
Adjustment
Procedure
5-9
SECTION
6
ELECTRICAL
PARTS
LIST
SECTION3
CIRCUITDESCRIPTION
Introduction
3-1
SECTION
7
DIAGRAMS
AND
CIRCUIT
BOARD
Vertical Circuits
Block
Diagram
3-1
ILLUSTRATIONS
Horizontal
Circuits
Block
Diagram
3-4
Symbols
and Reference
Designators
Circuit
Description
3-10
SchematicDiagrams
and
Component
Board
Locations
Wroduction
4-1
SECTION8
MECHANICAL
PARTS
LIST
Lubrication
4-1
Troubleshooting
4-1
Tape
Dial
Removal
4-2
Mechanical
Parts
List
Tape
Dial
Installation
4-2
Mechanical
Parts
List
Illustration
Tape
Dial
Alignment
4-2
Accessories
7512
Fig
.
1-1
.
7512
TDR/Sampler
unit
.
Description
b
rate
d
from
20
p
s/
d
iv
to
1
μ
s/
d
iv
in
α
1-2-5
se
qu
ence
.
T
he
DC
O
FF
S
E
T
control
offsets
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
in
α
±1
V
range
.
T
h
e
7S12
is
α
du
al-
purpose p
l
u
g-in
unit for
measurement
The
HI
RE
SO
LU
TIO
N
switch
re
duces
t
h
e
waveform
noise
of
recurring
fast-rise
signals
or for time-d
omain
and
f
itter
by
sig
n
al
averaging
wit
h α
corres
p
onding
re-
input
It
occ
up
ies
two
com
p
artments
(one
vertical
d
uction
of
swee
p
rate
.
T
he
L
OCAT
E switch
increases
t
he
ίηρυ
t
and
one
h
orizontal
in
p
ut)
of α
Te
k
tro
n ix
7000-series
time/div
an
d
intensifies
α
p
ortion of
t
he d
is
p
lay
to
locate
oscillosco
pe
.
t
he
time
win
d
ow
relative
to
t
h
e
total
waveform
.
F
ront
p
anel
ou
t
pu
ts
incl
u
de
O
FF
S
E
T
O
U
T
(±10
V
range),
VER
Tical
SIGnal
O
UT
an
d
S
WEEP
O
U
T
.
M
od
es
of
swee
p
The
7512
h
as
two
com
p
artments
for p
lug-in
h
ead
s
.
T
he
op
eration
incl
ud
e
SI
N
G
LE
swee
p
,
REP
etitive
swee
p
,
left-
hand
com
p
artment
(la
b
ele
d
SA
MPL
I
N
G
on
the
7512
ΜΑΝυαΙ
scan
an
d
E
XTernal
swee
p IN
.
front p
anel)
accep
ts
Te
k
tronix
S-series
Sam
p
ling
H
eads
.
T
he
ty
p
e
of
sam
p
ling
h
ea
d
selecte
d d
etermines
t
h
evertical
in
pu
t
ch
aracteristics
of
t h e
7512
.
T
h
e
rig
h
t-
h
and
com
p
art-
T
h
e
TIME-DISTANCE
scale
is
cali
b
rate
d for
roun
d
-tri
p
ment
(la
b
ele
d
PUL
SE
G
ENER
ATO
R)
accepts
S-series
p
ulse
time
measurements
of
0
to
10
μ
s
and
one-way
d
istance
generators,
trigger
recognizers
or
trigger
count-
d
own
h
ea
d
s
.
measurements
up
to
4900
feet
(1500
meters)
air
d
ielectric
or
3200
feet
(975
meters)
p
olyeth
ylene
d
ielectric
.
T
h
e
P
O
L
Y
scale
may
be
calibrate
d
for
transmission
lines
w
h
ic
h
Th
e
7512
h
as
t
he
following
features
:
T
he
vertical
d
e-
h
ave α velocity of propagation
e
q
ual
to
or
greater
t
han
t
h
at
flection
factors,
i
.e
.,
millivolts/
d
iv
and
millir
h
o/div, are
of polyeth
ylene
.
T
h
e
Time-Distance
scale
may
b
e or
d
ere
d
from
2 to
500
in α
1-2-5
se
q
uence
.
T
he time/d
iv is
cali-
with distance
cali
b
rate
d
in
metric
units
.
Deflection
F
actor
U
nits/Div
V
A
R
IA
BLE
R
ange
P
rovi
des
continuo
u
s
coverage
from
1
to
770
units/
d
iv
(m
V
or
m
p
)
ρ
CA
L
R
ange
Allows
cali
b
rate
d
reflection
coefficient
(
ρ
)
wit
h
p
ulse
generators
s
u
pp
lying
from
200
m
V
to
1
V
p
ulse
am
p
lit
ude
.
DCO
FF
S E
T
R
ange
Ι
Offsets
d
is
p
lay
at
least
+1
V
to
-1
V
.
O
FF
S
E
T
O
U
T
SECTION
1
CHARACTERISTICS
S
E
CTIO
N
1
ELE
CT
RICA
LC
HA
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
C
h
aracteristic
Ι
P
erformance
R
eq
uirement
Ι
Su
pp
lemental
Information
Acc
uracy
I
W
it
h
in
3°/
ο
R
ange
2
units/
d
iv
to
500
u
nits/
d
iv in
α
1-2-5
se
q
uence
.
U
nits/
d
iv
are
la
b
ele
d
on
t
h
e
sam
p
ling
h
ea
d
.
R
ange
At
least
+10
V
to
-10
V
.
O
FF
S
E
T
O
U
T
=
10
Χ
(DC
O
FF
S ET)
wit
h
in
2°/
ο
Source
R
esistance
Ι
110
k
Ω
wit
h in
1%
7512
Characteristics-7S12
VER
Tical
SIG
n
al
O
U
T
Amplitu
d
e
200
mV
/
d
iv
of
signal
d
is
p
lay
with
in
2%
Source
R
esistance
Ι
1
10
k
Ω with
in
.5%
S
WEEP
O
UT
Am
p
litude
1
V/
d
iv
of h
orizontal
d
eflection
wit
h
i
n
2%
R
ange
I
1
0
V
to
greater
t
h
an
10
V
Sou
rce
R
esistance
Ι
1
10
k
Ω
with
in
1%
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
C
h
aracte
r
istic
Ι
Performance
R
eq
uirement
Ι
S
u
pplemental Information
Acc
u
racy
Ι
W
it
h
in
3°/
ο
VA
R
IA
BLE
control
must
b
e
in
CA
L
p
osition
.
R
ange
20
p
s/
d
iv
to
1
μ
s/
d
iv in
α
1-2-5
se
quence
Time/Div
VA
R
IA
BLE
R
a
n
ge
Ι
Ι
P
rovi
d
es
contin
u
ou
s
coverage
to at
least
8
ps/
d
iv
.
Dis
p
lay
Mo
d
es
SI
NG
LE Swee
p
E
ac
h sweep
is
initiate
d
by
p
us
h
i
n
g
an
d
releasing
t
he
STA
R
T
button
.
REP
etitiveSweep
Normal
resolution
:
sweep
rate
is
contin
u
ously
varia
b
le
from
at
least
1
sweep
in
20
ms
to
less
th
an
1
sweep
in
5s
.
HI
RESO
LU
TIO
N
:
sweep
rate
is
co
n
-
ti
n
uo
u
sly
varia
b
le
from
at
least
1
sweep
in
200
ms
to
less
t
han
1
swee
p
in
50
s
.
ΜΑΝυαΙ
Swee
p
Ι
Any
portion
of
t
he d
isplay
may
be
Ι
observe
d
b
y
man
u
al
op
eratio
n
of
t
he
Ι
SCA
N
control
.
E
XTernal
Input
Deflection
Factor
1
V/
d
iv
with
i
n
5°/
ο
to at
least
15
V/
d
iv
In
p
u
t
R
esistance
100
k
Ω
with
in
10
1
/o
Maxim
u
m
I
npu
t
Voltage
150
V
(DC
+
peak
AC)
FI
NE
(Z
ER
O
S
E
T)
R
an
ge
Ι
Moves
an
unmag
n
ifie
d
waveform
at
least
.9
div
.
R
isetime
Pulse
Am
p
litu
d
e
I
At
least
+200
mV
i
nto
50
Ω
I
nput
Impe
d
ance
J
itter
Aberrations
TIME-DISTANCE
Scale
Accuracy
TIME
R
ange
Characteristic
AIR
Dielectric
Distance
R
ange
P
OLY
Dielectric
Distance
R
ange
ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
WITH
S-6
AND
S-52
Performance
R
e
quirement
Ι
Supplemental
Information
35
ps or
less
for
the
inci
dent
step,
45
ps
or
less
for the
dis
p
laye
d
reflection
from
α
s
hort-circuited
1
ns
test line
L
ess
than
10
ps
(without
signal
averaging)
N
ot
more
than
+7°/
ο
,
-7°/
ο
,
total
of
10%
Ρ
-
Ρ
within
t
he
first
1
.8
ns of
the
step
e
dge
with
t
he
reference
level
at
1
.8 ns
from
the
step
edge
;
not
more
than
+2°/
ο
,
-2%,
total
of
4%
Ρ
-
Ρ
after
2
.5
ns
from
the
step
e
d
ge
with
t
he
reference
level
at
0
.3
μ
s
from
the
step
edge
.
Nominal
50
Ω
Time
scale
indicates
roun
d
-trip
time
.
Distance
scales
(AIR
and
POLY
d
ielectrics)
indicate
one-way
distance
.
The
usable
TIME-DISTANCE
ranges
for
TDR
measurements
are
limited
b
y
the
S-52
pulse
d
uration
.
TIME
scale
within
1°/
ο
of
full
scale
.
Distance
scales
are
calibrate
d
for
the
nominal
velocity
of
propagation
of
the
AIR
an
d
P
OLY
d
ielectrics
.
TIME-DISTANCE
Multiplier
Χ
.1
Χ
1
Χ
10
.1
μ
s
1
μ
s
lops
Maximum
of
about
150
ns
one-way
cable
d
elay
.
Characteristics-7S12
49
feet
Ι
490
feet
Ι
4900
feet
15
meters
Ι
150
meters11500
meters
Maximum
of
about
150
feet
(46
meters) cable
length
.
32
feet
1
320
feet
1
3200
feet
9
.75
meters
197
.5
metersl
975
meters
Maximum
of
about
100
feet
(30
meters) cable
length
.
Characteristics-7S12
Jitter
PRE
S
E
T
R
isetime
Pulse
Am
p
litude
Input
Impedance
Aberrations
Accuracy
TIME
R
ange
C
h
aracteristic
C
h
aracte
r
istic
TIME-DISTANCE
Scale
Performance
R
e
q
uirement
ELE
CT
R
ICA
LC
HA
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
SYST
EM
PERF
O
RM
AN
CE
W
IT
H
S-5
A
N
D
S-54
P
erformance
R
eq
ui
r
ement
1
.5
ns
or
less
for
t
he
d
is
p
laye
d
reflection
from
α
s
h
ort-circ
u
ite
d
test
line
At
least
+400
mV
into
50
Ω
L
ess
t
h
an
20
p
s
(wit
h
out
signal
averaging)
N
ot
more
t
h
an
+4°/
α ,
-6%,
total
of
10%
Ρ
-
Ρ
wit
h
in t
he
first
17
ns of
t
he
ste
p
:
not
more
t
han
+1 .5%,
-1
.5%
α
,
total
of
3°/
α
after
17
ns
.
TIME
scale
wit
h
in
1%
of
full
scale
.
Su
pp
lemental
I
n
formatio
n
P
ermits
t
he
cali
b
ration
of
t
he P
O
L
Y
scale
for
d
ielectrics
having
α
velocity
of
pro
p
agation
between
t
h
ose
of
poly-
ethylene
and
air
.
Supplemental
Information
N
ominal
50Ω
Time
scale
in
d
icates
roun
d
-tri
p time
.
Distance
scales
(AI
R
an
d P
O
L
Y
dielectrics)
in
d
icate
one-way
distance
.
TD
R
events
out to 20
μ
s
(round-tri
p
time)
may
be viewe
d
.
T
h
is
corres
pond
s
to
9800
feet
(3000
meters)
in
AIR
dielectric
an
d
to
6400
feet
(1950
meters)
in
P
O
L
Y
d
ielectric
.
T
h
is
d
istance
is
t
h
e
sum
of
t
he
d
isplaye
d
time
win
d
ow
(10
μ
s
maximum)
and
t
he
TIME
scale
rea
d
out
(10
μ
s
maxi-
m
u
m)
.
Distance
scales
are
cali
b
rate
d
for
t
h
e
nominal
velocity
of
p
ro
p
agation
of
t h
e
AI
R
and
P
O
L
Y
dielectrics
.
TIME-DISTANCE
Multi
p
lier
Χ
.1
Χ
1
Χ
10
logs
ad
d
itio
n
al
time
ra
n
ge
may
be
viewed
.
C
h
aracte
r
istic
Ι
P
erforma
n
ce
R
e
q
uirement
I
Su p
plem
e
n
tal
Information
AI
R
Dielectric
Distance
1
Ι
49
feet
Ι
490
feet
Ι
4900
feet
R
ange
P
O
LY
Dielectric
Distance
Ι
Ι
32
feet
Ι
320
feet
Ι
3200
feet
R
ange
PRE
S
E
T
P
ermits
t
he
calibration
of
t
he P
O
L
Y
scale
for
d
ielectrics
h
aving
α
velocity
of
p
ropagation
b
etween
t
h
ose
of
poly-
ethylene
and
air
.
Fi
n
is
h
C
h
aracteristic
W
eig
h
t
Net
Domestic
S
h
i
p
ping
E
xp
ort
P
ac
k
ed
Dimensions
L
engt
h
(ex-
cl
ud
i
ng
k
nobs)
W
i
d
t
h
H
eig
h
t
PH
YSICA
L
CHA
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
ENV
I
RO
NMEN
TA
L
CH
A
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
(cont)
Performance
R
e
quirement
Ano
d
ize
d
aluminum
front
panel
4
.7 Ib
7
.2
I
b
11
.7
I
b
V
i
b
ration
Operating
13
.383
in
5
.464
in
4
.988
in
ENV
I
R
O
NMEN
TA
LC
HA
R
ACT
ER
ISTICS
C
h
aracteristic
Performance
R
e
q
uirement
Tem
p
erature
O
p
erating
Non-operating
0
°
C
to
+50
°
C
-40
0
C
to
+65
°
C
Altitu
d
e
O
p
erating
Non-operating
S
hoc
k
Ope
r
ating
H
umi
d
ity
Non-operating
and
Operating
Transportation
C
h
aracteristics-7512
15
meters
Ι
150
meters
11500
meters
An
ad
d
itional
distance
ra
n
ge
may
be
viewed
(i
n termsof
time)
.
97
.5
meters
19
.75
meters
Ι
975
meters
An
ad
d
itional d
istance
range
may
b
e
viewed
(in
terms
of
time)
.
C
h
aracteristic
Ι
P
erfo
r
mance
R
e
q
uiremen
t
To
15,000
feet
To
50,000
feet
0
.025
in
Ρ
-
Ρ d
is
placement
at
55
H
z
To
20
g's,
1/2
sine,
11
ms
d
uration
5
cycles
(120
h
ours)
to
95%
relative
humidity
reference
d
to
Μ
Ι
L
-
Ε
-16400
F
(
P
aragra
ph
4
.5
.9
t
h
roug
h
4
.5
.9 .5
.1,
Class
4)
Qualifies
un
d
er
National
Safe
Transit
Committee
test
proce
d
u
re
1
Α
,
Category
ΙΙ
NOTES
SECTION
2
OPERATING
I
N
ST
RU
CTIO
N
S
General
Information
Installing
t
h
e
7512
in
t
h
e
Oscillosco
p
e
T
h
is
section
of
t
h
e
man
u
al
provi
des
t
h
e
b
asic
i
n
for-
Insert
t
h
e
7512
into
α
vertical
and
α
h
orizo
n
tal
com-
mation
re
q
uired
for
o peration of
t
h
e
7512
TD
R
/Sam
p
ler
partme
n
t
of
α
7000-series
Oscillosco
p
e (See
F
ig
.
2-1)
.
inclu
d
ing
installation,
fro
n
t
p
anel
i
n
formatio
n
,
a
n
d
F
irst
Sli
d
e
t
h
e
7512
com
p
letely
into
t
h
e
two
com
p
artments
.
Time
o
p
eratio
n
i
n
structions
.
T
h
e
7512
will
loc
k
into
p
lace
wit
h
α
spri
n
g
loa
d e
d
latc
h
k
nob
.
To
install
α
h
ea
d
i
n
to
o
n
e
of
t
h
e
two
7512
com
p
art-
T
h
e
7512
is
α
comb
i
n
ed
h
orizontal
a
nd
vertical,
ments,
insert
t
h
e
h
ead
into
t
h
e
com
p
artment
wit
h
t
h
e
d
ou
b
le
wi
d
t
h
sam
p
li
n
g
u
n
it
for
use
i
n
any
7000-series
latc
h
k
no
b
free
to
move
until
com
p
letely
in t
h
e
7512
.
Oscilloscope
.
T
h
e
7512
acce
p
ts
two
plug-in
h
eads,
α
T
h
e
n p
us
h
t
h
e
latc
h
to
loc
k
t
h
e
h
ead
in
p
lace
.
To
sam
p
ling
h
ea
d
an
d α ge
nerator h
ea
d
,
w
h
ic
h
d
etermine
remove,
pull
t
h
e
latc
h k
no
b
away
from
t
h
e
p
a
n
el,
t
h
en
t
h
e
ch
aracteristics
of
t
h
e
TD
R
system
.
If α
trigger
recog-
pull
t
h
e
u
nit
from
t
h
e
7512
.
nizer
h
ead suc
h
as
t
h
e
S-53
is
use
d
i
n
t
h
e
7512
gener-
ator
h
ead
com
p
artment,
ge
n
eral
p
ur
p
ose
sam
p
li
n
g
can
be
accomplis
h
e
d
using
t
h
e
S-53
to
trigger
t
h
e
7512
swee
p
.
Mating
REV
.
Β
,
JUL
Y,
1976
INSTALLATION
T
h
e
7512
can
be
p
owere
d by
any
Te
k
tronix
7000-
series
Oscilloscope
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
7512
is
α
com
b
i
n
e
d
h
ori-
zontal
an
d
vertical
unit,
it
must
be
installe
d
in t
h
e
center
two
compartments
of α
7000-series
Oscillosco
p
e
co
n
tai
n
ing
4
comp
artme
n
ts,
or
i
n
to
t
h
e
rig
h
t
two
com-
partme
n
ts
of
α
7000-series
Oscillosco
pe
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g 3
comp
artments
.
Α
vertical
unit
s
u
ch
as
α
7511
ca
n
be
i
n
stalled
i
n
t
h
e
left
comp
artme
n
t
of
eit
h
er
Oscilloscope
for
d
ual-trace
operation
.
T
h
en J
641
(
α
fixed
s
h
oe
connector)
p
rovi
d
es
α
stro
b
e
co
nn
ectio
n
to
t
h
e
7511
.
T
h
ree
met
h
o
d
s
of
installatio
n
are
s
h
own
in
F
ig
.
2-1
.
CO
N
T
R
O
L
S
AN
D
CO
NNE
CTO
R
S
P
art
Α
s
h
ows
t
h
e
7512
installe
d
i
n
t
h
e
center
two
com-
p
artme
n
ts
of α
7504
Oscillosco
p
e
.
T
h
e
7511
and
samp-
li
n
g
h
ead
s
are
s
h
ow
n for
TD
R
a
nd
dual-trace
use
.
P
art
Α
b
rief
descri
p
tio
n
of
t
h
e
fu
n
ction
a
n
d o
p
eration of
Β
s
h
ows
t
h
e
7S12
i
n
stalle
d
wit
h
t
h
e
7S11,
7
Μ
11,
and
the
controls
a
nd
con
n
ectors
of
t
h
e
7S12
follows
.
F
ig
.
2-2
s
h
ows
t
h
e
7512
front
panel
wit
h
α
sampli
n
g
h
ea
d
sam
p
li
n
g
h
eads
for
General
P
ur
p
ose
Sampling
and
d
ual-
and α pulse ge
n
erator
i
n
stalle
d
.
trace
use
.
P
art
C
s
h
ows
t
h
e
7S12
i
n
stalled
wit
h
the
7S11
a
n
d
sampling
h
eads
in
t
h
e
7403Ν
(or
7503)
3-compartment
Oscilloscope
for
TD
R
an
d
d
ual-trace
use
.
Vertical
Section
F
or
Ge
n
eral
P
ur
p
ose
sam
p
li
n
g,
use
t
h
e
7
Μ
11 outside
t
h
e
Oscilloscope,
an
d
t
h
e
sampli
n
g
h
ea
d
s
as
s
h
ow
n
for
DC
OFFSET
±1
V
P
ositio
n
s
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
vertically
b
y
i
n
stallatio
n
Β
.
a
pp
lying
an
i
n
ternal offset
voltage
7512
T
h
e
7512
vertical
out
put
am
p
lifier
gain
must
be
matc
h
ed
to
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
d
eflection
factor
for
accurate gain
measureme
n
ts
.
T
h
e
VER
T GAI
N
control,
α
screw
d
river
adju
stme
n
t
on
t
h
e
fro
n
t
p
a
n
el,
adju
sts
t
h
e
vertical
o
u
t
p
ut
am
p
lifier
gai
n
of
t
h
e
7512
.
A
dj
ustme
n
t
of
t
h
is
VER
T GAI
N
co
n
trol
using
t
h
e Oscilloscop
e
Cali-
brator
as
α
sig
n
al
source
is
s
h
own
u
nd
er
F
irst
Time
O
p
eratio
n
in t
h
is
section of
t
h
e
ma
n
ual
.
T
h
e
7512
h
orizo
n
tal
gain
must
b
e
matc
h
ed to
t
h
e
h
orizontal
d
eflection
factor
of
t
h
e
oscillosco
p
e
.
H
ori-
zo
n
tal
gain
is
set
by
t
h
e
S
WEEP
CA
L
adju
stment
lo-
cated
on
t
h
e
7512
front pa
n
el
.
T
h
e
ad
j
ustme
n
t
is
made
for
full
rotatio
n
of
t
h
e
SCA
N
co
n
trol
for
10
d
ivisio
n
s
wit
h
t
h
e
MAN
bu
tto
np
us
h
ed
in
.
T
h
e
H
O
R
IZ
P
OS
a
d
ju
st
m
ent
is
used
to
p
osition
t
h
e s
p
ot
on
t
h
e
C
R
T
.
T
h
e
H
O
R
IZ
P
OS
co
n
trol
is
also
locate
d
on
t
h
e fro
n
t
p
a
n
el
.
T
h
e
a
dju
stme
n
t
met
h
od
is
discussed
i
n F
irst
Time
Operatio
n
.
Operating Instructions-7512
2-2
Fig
.
2-1
.
7S12
Installation
Information
.
F
I
NE
P
rovi
d
es
fi
n
e
control
of
t
h
e
DC
V
A
R
IA
BLE
P
rovi
d es
uncalibrated,
continu-
Offset
function
.
Control
is
co
n
-
(CA
L
IN)
ously
varia
b
le
d
eflection
factor
F
ig
.
2-
Ζ
.
7512
front
panel
.
Operating
Instructions-7512
of
up
to ±1
volt
to
t
h
e
sam
p
ling
centric
wit
h
t
h
e
DC
O
FF
S
E
T
±1
h
ead
.
T
h
e input
signal
zero
refer-
V
co n
trol
.
ence
(relate
d to
t
h
e
C
R
T)
is
t
h
e
DC
offset
voltage
instea
d
of
U
nits/Div
Selects
calibrate
d
d
eflection
fac-
groun
d
.
T
h
is
control
permits
all
tors
from
500
units/
d
iv
to 2
p
ortions of
α
±1
volt
in
p
ut signal
units/
d
iv
in α 1,
2,
5
se
q
uence
.
to
b
e p
ositioned
t
h
roug
h
t
h
e
T
h
e actual
d
eflection
factor
is
C
R
T
graticule
a
r
ea
vertically
even
determi
n
ed
b
y
t
h
e
sam
p
ling
h
ea
d
at
α
d
eflection
factor of 2
units
use
d
an
d
t
h
e
"m
V
",
"m
p
"
p
er
d
ivisio
n
.
switc
h
-
2-
3
Operating
Instructions-7512
from
less
t
han 0
.65
to
at least
at
α p
oint
on
t
h
e
dis
p
laye
d
sweep
2
.5
times
t
he
calibrate
d
setting
.
corres
p
o
nd
ing
to
t h
e
setti
ng
of
Concentric
wit
h
t
h
e
U
nits/Div
t
h
e
TIME/POSITION
control
.
switc
h
.
PRE
SE
T
Switc
h
P
rovides
α
mea
n
s
of
calibrati
n
g
m
V
an
d
m
p
P
ermit
selecting
eit
h
er
m
V
/Div
or
and
Co
n
trol
t
h
e
P
O
L
Y
scale
to
accommo
d
ate
p
us
hb
uttons
m
p
/Div
as
t
he b
asic
unit
of
verti-
t
h
e
d
ielectric
con
stants
between
cal
meas
u
rement
.
Poly
and
air
.
ρ
CA
L
Screw
d
river
a
d
j
ustme
n
t
p
ermits
calibrating
t
he
dis
p
lay for
use
wit
h p
ulse
am
p
litu
d
es
betwee
n
200
mV
and
1
V
.
H
IG
H
RE
SO
LU
TIO
N R
ed
u
ces
t
he d
is
p
laye
d
noise
by
approximately
10
times
and
slows
t
h
e
d
is
p
lay
rate
by
10
times
.
VER
T
GAI
N
Screwdriver
ad
j
ustment
permits
cali
b
ration
of
t
h
e
vertical
out
p
ut
am
p
lifier
gai
n
to
match
t
h
e
oscil-
losco
pe
CRT
d
eflection factor
.
O
FF
S
E
TO
UT
M
i
n
iature
connector
p
rovi
d
es an
±10
V
10
k
Ω
out
pu
t
voltage
p
ro
p
ortional
to
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
al
DC
offset
voltage
.
Un
less
ot
h
erwise
s
p
ecifie
d
on
t
he
sam
p
ling
h
ea
d
front-panel,
the
open
circuit
voltage
at
t
h
is
con-
nector
is
ten
times
t h
e
i
n
ternal
DC
Offset
voltage
as
set
b
y
t
he
DC
O
FF
S
ET
control
.
T
he outp
ut
resistance
is
10
k
Ω
.
VER
T
SIG
O
UT
M
i
n
iature
conn
ector
provi
d
ing
α
.2
V
/DI
V
10 k
Ω
real-time
repro
d
uction
of
t
he
sam-
p
ling
d
is
p
lay
.
P
ermits
α
non-
sampling
ty p
e
oscillosco
pe
to
monitor
t
he
facsimile
sig
n
al
.
Out-
p
ut
resista
n
ce
is
10 k
Ω
.
2-
4
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
Switch
Α
9
position
switc
h
used
i
n con
-
j
unction
wit
h
t
h e
3 p
osition
Mu
ltiplier
switc
h
.
T
h
e
27
combi
n
ations
of
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
and
M
ulti-
p
lier
switc
h
es
p
rovide 15
d
ifferent
cali
b
rated
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
setti
n
gs,
from
20
ps/
d
iv
to
1
μ
s/
d
iv,
in
α
1,
2,
5
se
q
uen
ce
.
VA
R
IAB
LE
(CA
L
P
rovides
continuously
varia
b
le,
IN)
Co
n
trol
uncali
b
rate
d
time/
d
iv
by
re
d
ucing
t
h
e
time/
d
ivision
.
Conce
n
tric
with
t
he
M
ulti
p
lier
and
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
controls
.
TIME/DISTANCE
P
rovides
α
Χ
10,
Χ
1,
Χ
.1
range
M
ulti
p
lier
multi
p
lier
for
t
he
TIME-
DISTANCE
ta
pe d
ial
.
Switch
es
Time/Dista
n
ce
ra
n
ges
.
Concentric
with
t
he
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
and
V
A
R
I-
A
BLE
(CA
L
IN)
con
trols
.
H
O
R
IZ
P
OS
Screw
d
river
ad
j
ustment
fo
r
setting
Co
n
trol
t h
e h
orizontal
p
ositio
n
of
t
he
dis-
play
.
S
WEEPCA
L
Screwdriver
a
d
ju
stmen
t t
h
at sets
Control
t
he
h
orizo
n
tal
gain
to
match
t
h
e
deflection
factor
of
t
h
e
oscillo-
sco
pe
.
S
WEEP
OU
T
P
i
n
j
ac
k
p
rovi
d
ing
an ou
tput
vol
Horizontal
Section
J
ac
k
tage
p
ro
p
ortio
n
al
to
t
he h
ori-
zontal
d
is
p
lay
am
p
litu
d
e
.
P
rovi
d
es
TIME/DISTANCE
Crank
-
h
an
d
le
drive
p
ositions
t
he
1
V
for
eac
h d
ivisio
n
of
dis
p
lay
Control
dis
p lay
over
t
he
full
TIME/
with
an
outpu
t
resistance
of 10
DISTA
NC
E
range
selecte
d
by
t
h
e
k
Ω
.
M
ulti
p
lier
switc
h
.
V
ariable
SCA
N
P
rovi
d
es
an
internal
voltage
for
F
I
NE
Control
T
he F
I
NE
control
p
rovi
d
es
α
10%
Control
a
dj
usting
t
h
e
scan
rate in
t
h
e
p
osition
range
wit
h
α
10
turn
REP
mode
an
d
SI
NG
LE
mode
.
p
otentiometer
for
cali
b
ratio
n
of
P
rovi
d
es
t
he manual
sca
n
voltage
initial
step
.
in
MAN
mode
and can b
e
use
d
to
cali
b
rate
t
he
h
orizontal
gai
n
.
L
OCAT
E
Switch
P
rovi
d
es
α
dis
p
lay
of
t
he
location
In
t
he
ΕΧΤ
mo
de
t
h
is
control
of
t
h
e
p
osition control
setti
ng on
serves
as
α
varia
b
le
attenuator
.
α d
is
p
lay
eq
ual
to
twice
t
he
nor-
mal
p
ositio
n
ra
nge
.
T
h
e
wi
d
t h
of
REP
P
us
h
button
P
rovides
re
p
etitive
sca
nn
i
n
g
of
t
h
e
α b
rig
h
tene
d p
ortion
ap
proximates
d
is
p
lay
.
T
he
scan
rate
is
ad
j
uste
d
t
he
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
setting
an
d
starts
usi
ng
t
he
varia
b
le
SCA
N
con
trol
.
SI
NG
LE
P
rovides
single
scan d
is
p
lay
for
Procedure
P
us
hb
utto
n
ph
otogra
p
h
ic
use
.
Scan
rate
is
ad
-
j
uste
d
usi
ng
t
h
e
varia
b
le
SCA
N
1
.
Insert
t
he
7512
TD
R/Sam
p
ler
into
t
h
e
center
two
control
.
com
p
artme
n
ts
of
t
he
7504
Oscillosco
pe
.
Any
Te
ktronix
7000-series
Oscilloscope
may
be
substitute
d
for
t
he
7504
.
(See
t
h
e
i
n
stallation
information
in t
h
is
section
.)
STA
R
T
Starts
t
h
e
single
scan d
is
p
lay
after
P
ushb
utton
t
he
SI
N
G
LE
pus
h
button
is
pus
h
e
d
.
MAN
Pu
s
h
button
P
rovi
d
es
manual
o peration of
t
he
scan
functio
n
using
t
he
variable
SCA
N
con
trol
.
ΕΧΤ
ΙΝΡ
UΤ
Allows
sca
nning
t
he d
is
p
lay
using
P
ush
button
an
external
signal
.
In
t
h
is
mode
4
.
Set
t
he
controls
as
follows
:
of op
eration,
t
h
e
variable
SCA
N
control
serves
as
α
varia
b
le
gain
7504
Indicator Oscillosco
p
e
co
n
trol
.
Α
Intensity
CC
W
ΕΧΤ
I
NPU
T
Jac
k
P
in
j
ack provides
t
he
i
npu
t
facil-
Β
Intensity
CC
W
ity
for
externally
scanning
t h
e
V
ertical
M
ode
R
ig
h
t
d
is
p
lay
.
R
eq u
ires
1
V
for
each
H
orizontal
M
ode
Α
divisio
n of
dis
p
lay
into
an
in
p
ut
resistance
of
100
k
Ω
.
7S12
with S-6
an
d
S-52
Correction
M
emory
T
h
e
t
h
ree
position switch
is
located
(Two
center
com
p
artments,
t
he
rig
h
t
vertical
an
d
Switc
h
near
t
h
e
top
rear
e
d
ge of
t
he
H
ori-
t
he
Α
h
orizontal
compartments)
zontal
car
d
insi
de
t
he
7512
.
T
he
TIME-DISTANCE
d
ial
0
Correctio
n
M
emory
circ
u
it
provides
M
ulti
p
lier
Χ
10
automatic
b
ase
line
correction for
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
1
μ
s
pu
lse
gen
erator
h
ea
d
s
an
d
trigger
VA
R
IA
BLE
CA
L
IN
h
eads
.
F
I
NE
(Z
ER
O
SE
T)
F
ully
cloc
k
wise
REP
pus
h
ed
in
On
(front
p
osition)
T
h
is
switc
h
position
is
used
w
hen
SCA
N
M
idra
nge
automatic
b
ase
line
correction
is
L
OCAT
E
pu
s
h
e
d
i
n
desire
d for
trigger
h
eads
installed
in
mV
pushed
in
t
he
P
ulse
Generator
com
p
artment
mV
/Div
100
for
DC
stabilize
d
sam
p
ler
app
lica-
DC
O
FF
SET
(&
F
I
NE)
M
idrange
tions
.
N
ormal
T
h
is is
t
he
normal
operating switch
(center p
osition)
p
osition
.
T
h
e
Correction
M
emory
circ
u
it
provides
automatic
b
ase
line
correction
only
for
p
ulse
generator
h
eads
installed
in t
h
e
Pu
lse
Gen-
erator
compartme
n
t
.
Off
(rear
p
osition)
T
h
is
switch p
osition
disables
t
he
Correctio
n
M
emory
circuit
.
Th
is
p
osition
is
also
used
w
h
en
α
sa
mp
ling
h
ead gate b
alance
control
is
b
eing
a
d
j
uste
d
.
General
Information
F
I
R
STTIME
O
PER
ATIO
N
Operating
Instr
u
ctio
n
s-7512
2
.
Install
t
he
S-52
in
t
he
7S12
P
ulse
Generator
com-
p
artment
.
3
.
Install
t h e
S-6
in t
he
7512
Sam
p
ling
com
p
artment
.
5
.
Tur
n
t
he
Oscillosco
pe
P
ower
on
.
After
ab
out
5
minutes
warm
up time,
advance
the
Α
Intensity
until
α
free
run
n
ing
trace
is
observe
d
.
Center
t
he trace
on
t h
e
C
RT
wit
h
t
he
7S12
DCO
FF
S
ET
control
.
A
d
j
ust
VER
T
GAI
N
6
. I
n
stall α
S
MA
1
ns coaxial cable
(s
upp
lie
d
wit
h
t
h
e
S-52) with α
50
Ω
terminatio n
connector
to
t
he S-6
L
oo
p Th
r u
(u
p
per)
connector
.
Install
α S
MA
(3
mm)
to
BN
C
ada
p
ter
on
t
he
L
oop
T
h
ru
(lower)
co
nn
ector
.
U
se
α
BN
C
cab
le
to
connect
t h e
0
.4
V
(into
50
Ω
)
Cali
b
ra-
tor
Out
put
signal
to
t
he
a
dap
ter
installed
on
t
he
S-6
L
oo
p Th
r u
(lower)
connector
.
7
.
U
se
α
small
screwdriver
to ad
j
ust
t
h
e
VER
T
GAI
N
Th
is
F
irst
Time
Operatio
n
p
rocedure
s
h
ows
t
he b
asic
(on
t
h
e
7512
front p
anel)
for
α
sq
u
are
wave
d
is
p
lay
of
op
eratio
n of
t
h
e
7512
controls
for
TD
R
operatio
n using
4 d
ivisions
.
N
ote
t
h
at
t
h
e
swee
p
is
free
run
n
ing
and
its
t
h
e
S-52
Pu
lse
Generator
H
ea
d
and
t
h
e
S-6
Sampli
ng
re
p
etitio
n
rate
is
determi
ned
by
t
h
e
setting
of
t
he
H
ead
.
A
d
ditio
n
al
o
p
erati
ng
information
follows
t
he
F
irst
SCAN
co
n
trol
.
R
emove
t
he
BN
C
cable and
t
he
BN
C
to
Time
O
p
eratio
n
p
rocedure
.
S
MA
(3
mm)
adap
ter
.
2-5
O
p
erating
Instructions-7512
A
d
j
ust
S
WEEP
CA
L
&
H
O
R
IZ
P
OS
8
.
P
ush
t
he
MAN
button
and
tur
n
t
h
e
SCA
N
control
f
u
lly
countercloc
k
wise
.
Α
sp
ot
s
h
ould
be
observe
d
at
t
he
left
ed
ge
of
t
h
e
graticule
.
If
not,
use α
small
screw-
d
river
to
a
d
j
ust
t
he
H
O
R
IZ
P
OS
con
trol
(locate
d
on
t
h
e
7512
front p
anel)
to p
osition
t
h
e s
pot
at t h e
left
edge
of
t
h
e
graticule
.
R
otate
t h e
SCA
N
con
trol
to
its
f
u lly
clock
wise
positio
n
.
T
he spot
s h
ou
l
d
h
ave
move
d exactly
te
n d
ivisions to
t
he
rig
h
t
of
its
previo
u s
p
osition
.
U
se
α
small
screw
d
river
to
a
dj
ust
t
he
S
WEEP
CA
L
control
(locate
d
on
t h e
7512
front p
anel)
for
ten d
ivisions
of
movement
w
he
n
t
he
SCA
N
con
trol
is
tur
ned
from
one
extreme
to
t
he oth
er
.
R
ea
dj
ust
t
he
H
O
RIZ
P
OS
as
necessary
in t
h
is
a
d
j
ustment
.
P
us
h
t
h
e
REP
p
us
hb
utton
and
set
t
h
e
SCA
N
control to
its
app
roximate
mi
dp
osition
.
(
Α
)
1
1
9
.
U
se
50
Ω
semi-rigid
cable
(u-shaped,
su
p
plied
with
t
he
7512)
to
co
nnect
t
he
S-52
P
ulse
Output
signal
to
t
h
e
L
oo
p
Th
ru
(lower)
connector
on
t
h
e
S-6
.
T
he upp
er
L
oo
p
T
h
ru
connector
is
connecte
d to
α 1
ns
semi-rigid
coaxial
cab
le
i
n p
art
6
.
Connecto
rs
at
bot
h
en
d
s
of
t
h
e
coaxial
cable
s
h
ouldbe
fi
r
mly
connected
to
mating
connectors
or
accessories
.
Tig
h
ten
slig
h
tly
more
t
h
an
finger
tig
h
t
using
α
5/16
inc
h
wrenc
h
.
Α
good
connec-
tion
is
necessa
ry
to
minimize
reflections
at
t
h
e
j
unctions
of
connectors
.
10
.
Observe
t
he
S-52
waveform
s
h
own
i
n F
ig
.
2-3A
.
The
positive
p
ulse
in
t
h
e
center
of
t
h
e
screen
is
used
in t h
e
S-52
to
a
u
tomatically
reset
t
he
tunnel d
io
d
e
b
ias
for
t
h
e
next
p
ulser trigger
from
t
he
7512
.
T
he
S-52
o
u
tpu
t
pulse
is
not
visi
b
le
on
t
h
e
screen
due
to
t
he
a
d
ditional
7512
trigger
delay
with
Χ
10
M
ulti
p
lier
.
C
h
ange
t
he
7512
M
ultiplier
setting
to
Χ
1
an
d
observe
t h e
S-52
ou
t
put p
ulse
s
h
own
in
F
ig
.
2-3
Β
.
Th
e wid
t
h
of
t
he
p
ulse
to
p
will
determine
t
he
maximum
time
(ro
und
tri
p
time) of
t
he
reflection
from
t
h
e
leading
e
dge
t
h
at
can
be
o
b
serve
d
wit
h
Χ
1
.
F
ig
.
2-3C
s
h
ows
t
h
e
leading
edge
of
t
he
pu
lse
on
t
he
Χ
.1
position
of
t
he
M
ulti
p
lier
.
U
se
t
he
lowest
Mu
lti
p
lier
range
setting
to
observe
α
reflection
.
Observing
R
isetime
NO
ΤΕ
11
.
To
observe
t
he
lea
d
ing
edge
of
t h
e
S-52
Outp
ut
P
ulse,
set
t
he
TIME-DISTANCE
M
ulti
p
lier
to
X
.1,
and
t
he
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
to α
swee
p
rate
d
esire
d
up
to
20
p
s
;
U
se
t
he
Time-Distance
k
nob
to
p
osition
t h
e
lea
d
ing
edge
of
t
he
pulse
to
t
he ce
n
ter
of
t
he
graticule
.
U
se
t h
e
20
ps
swee
p
rate
for
risetime
dis
p
lay
(Incident
risetime)
and
MOODIE
"
.
EMM
MMMMMIM"MMM
MEMO
WEEMEMMIME
N
o
IMIM_
MEERNERNME
MWEEMEMEME
No
MEN
MENEM
0
No
MEN
M
No
M
F
ig
.
2-3
.
F
irst
Time
O
p
e
r
atio
n s
h
owing
Mu
lti
p
lier
setti
ng
(
Α
)
Χ
10,
(13)
X1
and
(C)
X
.1
.
use
t
he
mV
/Div
VA
R
IA
BLE
k
no
b
to
set
t
h
e
lea
d
i
n
g
edge
for
5
divisio
n
s
on
t
he
graticule
.
See
F
ig
.
2-4
.
N
ο
te
t
h
at
t
he
5-
d
ivision
p
oints
on
t
he d
is
p
lay
are
about
one
Τ
r
time
from
refere
nce point
1
for
0°/
α
level
an
d
abo
u
t
one
Τ
.
time
from
reference point 2
for
t
he
100%
level
.
MM
M
mmmammmm
MM
M
MMMON
J
M,
l,
WIMMMM
M,
M
MMMMM
-
N
10%
M
MMIMMMMMMM
gs-
--
0%'
Level
Reference
MM
MM20mon
point
1
0
M
I I
M
mmmmmmmmmm
F
ig
.
2-5
.
R
eflecte
d
riseti
m
e
d
is
p
lay
.
mo
p
Wftw
90%
1
re
p
rese
n
ts
t
he
en
d of
t
he
1
ns line
w
h
ere
t h e
test line
Amplitude
;
Ι
will
be
attac
hed
,
ad
j
ust
t
he F
I
NE
control
so
t
he
reflec-
ι
ea
d
i
n g
Ed
ge
ted
ed
ge of
t
he pu
lse
is
d
isplaye
d
at
t
he
center of
t
he
5 d
ivisio
n s
1
screen
(or
α
reference
point
selecte
d
by
t
he
operator)
1
wit
h
t
h
e
TIME-DISTANCE
d
ial
set
to
zero
.
-1
no/
Z
13
.
C
h
ange
t h e
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
to
.1,
and ch
ange
t
he
S
-7
35
ps
Time-Dista
n
ce
k
nob
to
p
osition
t
h
e
reflected
p
ulse
to
t
h
e
graticule
ce
n
terline
.
See
t
h
e
typical
waveform
in
F
ig
.
-
2-6
Α
.
F
ig
.
2-4
.
R
iseti
m
e
meas
u
re
m
ent
(
Τ
r
)
i
n
for
m
ation
(
up
per)
a
nd
typi-
cal
risetime
d
is
p
lay
(lower)
.
N
ote
t
h
at
R
efere
n
ce
p
oi
n
t
1
an
d 2
a
r
e
selecte
d
at
t
h
e
cor
n
ers
w
h e
r
e
t
h
e
rate
of
c h a n
ge of
t
h
e
slo
pe
is
maxi-
m
u
m
(w
h e re
t
he
radi
u
s
of
cu
rvat
u
re
is
least)
.
C
han
ge
t
h
e
Time-Distance
knob
to
move
t
he P
ulse
leadi
ng e
d
ge to
t
h
e
left
an
d
off
t h e
C
R
T
un
til
t
he
re-
flected
edge
d
is
p
lay
is
centere
d
on
t
he
CRT
.
See
t
he
typical
waveform
in
F
ig
.
2-5
.
T
he
R
eflecte
d
risetime
is
measure
d
i
n
t
he same
way
as
t
h
e
Incident
risetime
.
Operati
n
g
Instr
u
ctio
n
s-7S12
14
.
T
h
e
negative
reflection
is
cause
d
from
t
he
s
h
ort
circuit
termination
.
T
h
is
reflection
t
h
erefore
h
as
α
voltage
reflection
coefficient
of
about -1
ρ
or
-1000
m
p
.
15
.
R
emove
t
he
s
h
ort
circ
u
it
termination
.
C
h
ange
t
he
DC
O
FF
S
E
T
control
to
p
osition
t
he d
is
p
lay
to
s
h
ow
12
.
To
ob
serve
t
h
e
reflected
e
d
ge
(
R
eflecte
d
risetime)
t h
e p
ositive reflectio
n
due
to
t h
e
o
p
en
line
.
T
h
is
reflec-
of
t h e
5-52
Out
p
ut
P
ulse,
remove
t
he 50
Ω
termi
n
atio
n
tion
as
s
h
own
in
F
ig
.
2-6Β
h
as
α
voltage
reflectio
n
co-
from
t
h
e
end
of
t
he
1
n
s
semi-rigi
d
coaxial
cable
con-
efficie
n
t
of
about
+1
ρ
or
+1000
m
p
,
necte
d
to
t
h
e
S-6
L
oop
T
h
r
u
(u
pp
er)
con
n
ector,
an
d
connect α sh
ort-circuit
termination
to
t
he
cable
.
CA
L
A
d
j
ustment
16
.
Termi
n
ate
t
he
1
ns
semi-rigi
d
coaxial
li
ne
wit
h α
50
Ω
termination
.
C
h a
n
ge
t
he
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
to
.2
ns,
and
ch
a
n
ge
t
he
Time-Dista
n
ce
kn
ob
to position
t
h
e
leading
edge
of
t
he
p
ulse
to
t
he
center
of
t
he
graticule
.
P
us
h
t
h
e
m
p
button
in,
and
set
t h e
m
p
/Div
to
200
.
17
.
W
it
h α
small
screw
d
river,
ad
j
ust
t
he ρ
CA
L
con-
FINE
(Z
ER
O
SET)
trol
for
α
5
division
d
is
p
laye
d
step
am
p
lit
u
de
.
Turn
t
he F
I
NE
(Z
ER
O
SE
T)
control
and
note
t
h
at
t
he
control
will
c
h
a
n
ge
the h
orizo
n
tal
p
ositio
n
of
t
he
V
oltage
Reflection
Coefficient
d
is
p
lay
.
T
h
is
co
n
trol
can
be u
se
d
as
α
fi
ne
p
osition
con
-
trol,
or
can
be
use
d
by
t
he
operator
as
α
zero
set
for
As
shown
in
F
ig
.
2-6,
t h
e
reflectio
n
coefficient
ρ
t
he
TIME-DISTANCE
d
ial
.
Si
n
ce
t
h
e
reflecte
d ed
ge
(r
h
o)
is
ta
ken from
t
he
to
p
of
t h e
inci
d
e
n
t
pu
lse
from
2-7
O
p
erating
Inst
r
uctions-7512
T
h
e
TIME-DISTANCE
dial
setting
can
be
consi
dered to
be
α
d
elay
i
n
time
before
t
h
e
operation
of
t h e
d
isplay
time
ρ
1000S
(except
in
L
OCAT
E
)
.
T
he
d
is
p
lay
time
h
as
3
m
u
lti
p
liers
or
ranges,
w
h ic
h
also
multi
p
ly
t
h
e
TIME-DISTANCE
d
ial
rea
d
__
ing
.
T
he
d
is
p
lay
time
inclu
d
es
α
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
(magnification
of
1
to
500
times),
a
nd
α
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
VA
R
IA
BLE
control
w
h
ic
h p
rovi
d
es α
variable
uncalibrate
d
time
by
re
ducing
t
h
e
ι
time
p
er
d
ivision
.
+1
ρ
Wh
e
n
t
he L
OCAT
E
button
is
de
p
resse
d to
release
(out
Top
of
Ρυι
se
p
ositio
n
),
t
he d
is
played
time
is
twice
t
h
e
time
(mag
n
ifi-
cation of 0
.5)
la
b
eled
at
t
he
CC
W
p
ositio
n
of
t h e
TIM
E/
DI
V
switch
.
T
hen
t h
e
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
switch controls
t
he
le
n
gt
h
~
of
t
he b
rig
h
t
portion
of
t
he d
is
p
lay
to
s
h
ow
t
he
positio
n
on
ι
~i
Ι
t
he d
isplay relative to
t
h
e p
ulse
e
d
ge
.
T
h
e
Oscillosco
p
e
rea
d
out
of
t
h
e
Time/Div
will
s
h
ow
t
he correct
readi
n
g
w
he
n
(
Β
)
t
he
L
OCAT
E b
utton
is
de
p
resse
d
(in
p
ositio
n
) .
F
ig
.
2-6
.
Dis
p
lay
of
α
s
h
ort
circ u
it
ter
m
i
n
ated
li
n e
(
Α
)
a
nd un
ter-
mi
n
ate
d
li
n e
(
Β
)
.
t
h
e pu
lse
gen
erator
.
Α
p
ositive
reflection
(reference
d
from
t
he
top
of
t
h
e
inci
d
en
t
p
ulse)
in
d
icates
an im p
e
d
-
ance
greater
t
h
a
n
t
he
im
p
edance
of
t
h
e
line
.
Α
negative
reflection
i
nd
icates
an im
ped
ance
less
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
im
ped-
a
nce of
t
h
e
li
ne
.
W
it
h
α
know
nρ
,
resulting
from
α
resis-
tive
load,
t
he
resista
nce of
t
he
loa
d can
be
fou n
d
by
t
he
followi
ng
formula
:
Im
ped
ance
Scale
Overlays
2-
8
To
use
t
h
e
Im
p
e
d
ance
Scale
Overlays,
select
t
he overlay
for
t
h
e
m
p
/Div
setting
you
are
u
sing,
an
d
install
it
in
posi-
tion
over
t h e
gratic
u
le
on
t
h
e
Oscillosco
p
e
;
rea
d
t
h
e
im
p
e
d
ance
values
un
d
er
t
h
e
p
roper
m
p/Div
scale
listing
for
t h
e
am
p
litude
of
t
h
e
reflection
.
N
ote
t
h
at
t
he
graticule
center
is
use
d
as
t
he
50
Ω
refere
n
ce
line
.
In
a
dd
ition
to im
p
e
d
ance
values,
t
he
overlays include α
P
O
L
Y
d
ista
nce
scale
in
cm
using
t
he
100
p
s/Div
time
.
For
furt
h
er
information,
read
t
h
e
Time
or
Distance
M
easure-
ment
P
rocedures
later
in t
h
is
section
.
TIME
O
R
DISTA
NC
E
ME
AS
UREMEN
TS
GeneralInformation
Time/Div
F
ig
.
2-7
s
h
ows
t
he
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
setti
n
gs
for
t
he
M
ulti
p
lier
settings
.
T
h
e
M
ulti
p
lier c
h
anges
t
he
scale
factor of
t
h
e
TIME-DISTANCE
d
ial
readi
n
gs
.
T
he
TIME-DISTANCE
dial
rea
d
ings
are
not
generally
used
w
hen
in
L
OCAT
E
.
T
h
e
L
OCAT
E
p
ositio
n
dis
p
lay
is
i
n
tensifie
d
by
t
he
Disp
lay
W
in-
d
ow
time
as
controlle
d
by
t
he
TIME/DIV
and
the
TIME/
DI
VVA
R
AI
BLE
co
n
trols
.
T
h
e Disp
lay
W
in
d
ow
time
b
e-
comes
t h e
n
ormal
dis
p
lay
time
w
h
en
t
h
e
L
OCAT
E bu
tto
n
is
de
p
resse
d
.
F
ig
.
2-8
s
h
ows
t
h
e
Dis
p
lay
W
in
d
ow
time
for
two
setti
n
gs
of
t
he
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
control
and
t
h
ree
settings
of
t
he
TIME-
DISTANCE
d
ial
.
For
eac
h
m
p
am
p
litu
d
e
d
iscontinuity
dis
p
laye
d
on
t
h
e
CR
T,
t
h
e in
d
icate
d
im
p
ed
ance
R
L
can
be
calc
u
late
d
by
t
h
e
W
it
h
t
h e
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
setting
CC
W
(
.1
μ
s/Div),
s h
own
in
above
form
u
la
.
Im
p
e
d
ance
Scale
Overlays
are availa
b
le
for
F
ig
.
2-8
Α
,
t
he
TIME-DISTANCE
dial
is
set
for
α
M
ulti
p
lier
t
he
CR
T
face
s
h
owing
d
irect
rea
d
ing
of
t
h
e
Im
p
edance
at
of
Χ
1
.
N
ote
t
h
at
α delay
from
zero
time
to
1
μ
s
d
ial
setting,
each
graticule
setting
for 6 d
ifferent
m
p/Div
settings
.
T
h
ree
with
t
he
additional
time
of
t
he Disp
lay
win
d
ow
res
u
lts
in
α
overlays
are
re
q
uire
d
to
cover
5,
10,
20, 50,
100
and
200
total
of
2μ
s
from
t
h
e
zero
time
.
Accor
d
ingly,
t
h e
d
u
ration
m
p
/Div
settings
.
Two
sizes
of
t
h
ree
overlays
each
are
of
t
h
e
Pu
lse
Out
put
from
t
he Pu
lse
Generator
h
ead
must
be
inclu
ded
in
t
he
7512
accessories
.
at
least
2
μ
s
.
U
se
of
t
h
e
M
ulti
p
lier
of
Χ
1
wit
h
t
h
e
S-52
is
Mu
ltiplies
Ti
m
e-Distance
d
ial
reading
Mu
lti
p
lier
Ι
LOCATE
I
CC
W
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
C
W
(Magnification)
Χ
10
2
μ
s
1
μ
s
.5
μ
s
.2
μ
s
.1
μ
s
50 n
s
20
ns
10 ns
5
n
s
2
n
s
Χ
1
.2
μ
s
.1
μ
s
50 π
s
20 n
s
10
ns
5
ns
2 n
s
1
π
s
-5
ns
.2
ns
Χ
.1
20
ns
ions
5
ns
2 n
s
ins
.5
ns
.2
ns
.1
ns
50
p
s
20 p
s
Time
or
Distance
M
easurement
P
rocedures
Proce
d
ures for
Time
or
Distance
measureme
n
ts
can
be
s
h
own
in t h
ree
gen
eral
met
h
o
d
s
:
(
Α
)
On
t h e
screen,
w
h
ere
measurement
points
are
lo-
cated
α
s
h
ort
d
istance
a
p
art
.
(
Β
)
B
etween
two
p
oints
on
the
TIME-DISTANCE
d
ial
.
(C)
F
rom
d
ial
zero,
on
t
he
TIM
Ε -D
Ι
S
ΤΑΝ
C
Ε
d
ial
.
(
Α
)
On
t
h
e
Screen
.
T
h
e
d
istance
between
two
measure-
ment
p
oi n
ts
or
discontinuities
on
t
h
e
scree
n
may
be
deter-
X1
Ι
χ
2
Ι
χ
5
Ι
χΙο
Ι
χ
20
Ι
χ
5ο
Ι
χ
1
οο
Ι
χ
2
οο
Ι
χ
5
οο
F
ig
.
2-7
.
Time/Di
v
co
n trol
informatio
n
.
limite
d
d
ue to
t
h
e
s
hort
d
uration
S-52
out
p
ut p
ulse,
s
h
own
mined
more
rea
d
ily t
han
from
t h e
TIME-DISTANCE
dial
.
in
F
ig
.
2-3
Β
.
Also, use of
t
h
e
Χ
10
M
ulti
p
lier
is
restricte
d
Measure
t
h
e
time
se
p
aration
on
t h e
CRT
screen,
note
t
he
due to
t
h
e
7512
p
ulser
trigger
d
elay
an
d
t
h
e
S-52
s
h
ort
h
orizontal
calibratio
n
(
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
)
an
d
use
Ta
b
le
2-1
to
p
ulse
.
U
sing
t
he
M
ultiplier
of
Χ
10
wit
h
α
p
ulse
generator
d
etermine
t
h
e
d
istance
se
p
aration
.
T
h
is
table
is
an
aid
in
h
ea
d
wit
h
α
long
p
ulse
du
ration
(for
exam
p
le
S-54
wit
h
α
ma
k
ing
measureme
n
ts
for
s
h
ort
d
istances,
w
h
ere
t
he
TIME
pulse
d uration of
25
μ
s) t
h
e
total
time
of
about
20
μ
s
is
DISTA
NC
E
d
ial's
resolution
is
limited
.
T
he
column
"Se
p
ar-
available
.
As
t
he
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
is
c
h a
n
ge
d
towar
d
t
he
C
W
p
ositions,
TA
BLE
2-1
t
he Dis
p
lay
Wi
n
d
ow
time
is
less
and
t
h
e
total
time
from
On
Screen
Time
vs
.
Distance
(Se
p
aration)
zero
is
less,
as
s
h
ow
n
i
n
F
ig
.
2-8
Β
.
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
OperatingInstructions-7512
VA
R IA
BLE
con
trol
(re
d
uces
Time/Div)
ΤΙΜΕ
/DI
V
,~
co
n
trol
M
ulti
p
lier
control
Time
is
for
roun
d
t
r
i
p
,
an
d
Distance
is
for
one
way,
in
inc
h
es or
cm/
d
iv
.
Se
p
aration
in
Separation
in
Separation
in
AI
R
P
O
L
Y
PRE
S E
T
(S
pans
AI
R
to
P
O
L
Y)
20
p
s/Div
.12 inc
h/Div
.08
inc
h
/Div
~
.3
cm/Div
.2
cm/Div
50
ps/Div
.3
inc
h
/Div
.2
inc
h
/Div
~
.75
cm/Div
~
.5
cm/Div
100
p
s/Div
Ι
.6
i
n
c
h
/Div
Ι
.4
inc
h
/Div
1
.5
cm/Div
1
cm/Div
2-
9
Ope
r
ating
Instr
u
ctions-7512
TIME
0
1
.
5 μ
s
1
PS
I
(1
.5
μ
s)
(2
μ
s)
AIR
ρ
Ι
246
feet
492
feet
POLY
0
1
162
feet
324
feet
(
Α
)
Time/Div
set
CC
W
.
Ι
j
ι
+
Ι
TIME
01
.5
μ
=
1
1
As
ά
(1
.5
μ
s)
Ι
2
μ
=
ι
AI
R
0
1
246
feet
492
feet
I
P
O
L
Y
01
162
feet
Ι
324
feet
Ι
(
Β
)
Time/Div-set
C
W
.
2-
1
0
ι
Ι
Ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
Ι
ι
Ι
ι
ι
Ι
ι
Ι
ι
Ι
Ti
m
e-Dista
n
ce
d
ial
settings'
Time
Dista
n
ce
d
ial
setti
n
gs'
Dis
p
lay
ι
-
.
ι -
wi
nd
ows
Ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
ι
Ι
ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
ι
Ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
Ι
ι
ι
ι
ι
Ι
Ι
Ι
ι
'Th
e
Ti
m
e-Dista
n
ce
d
ial
setti
n
g
ti
m
es
t
h
e
Mu
lti
p
lie
r
setti
n g
of
Χ
.1,
1,
or
10
will
i
n
dicate
t
h
e ro u n d
tri
p
time
or
t
h
e o
n e
way
distance
.
N
ote
:
O
p
tional
d
ial
calibrate
d
in
mete
r
s
.
F
ig
.
2-8
.
E
ffect
of
t
h
e
Time/Div
setting
in
relatio
n
to
t
h e
t
h
ree
setti
n
gs of
Time-Dista
n
ce
d
ial
.
T
he
time
or
d
ista
nce
re
p
resented
in
t
h e
time
wind
ows
s
h
ow
n
is
d
ete
rm
i
n e
d by
t
h
e
Mu
lti
p
lier
setti
ng
.
ation
i
n
PRE
S E
T
(S
pa
n s
AI
R
to P
O
L
Y)"
can
be
filled
in
or
setti
ng
(TIME,
P
O
L
Y,
or
PRE
S
E
T
P
O
L
Y)
.
C
h
a n
ge
t
h
e
n
oted
by
t
he
operator
.
T
he
PRE
S E
T
distances
will
b
e
d
eter-
Time-Distance
k
nob
to
p
ositio
n
t
he ot
h
er
disco n
tinuity
to
mine
d
by
t
he
setti
ng
of
t
h
e
PRE
SE
T
co
n
trol
(
α
screw
d
river
t
he
same
refere
n
ce p
oi
n
t
on
t
h
e
CR
T
.
R
ecord
t
h
e
TIME-
adjustment
on
t
he front p
anel)
w
h
en
t
h
e
PRE
S
ET
butto
n
is
DISTA
NCE
setting
.
Subtract
one recor
d
ed
rea
d
i
n
g
from
t
h
e
pus
h
ed
in
.
T
he a
dj
ustment
is
set
by
t
he o
p
erator
for ca
b
le
oth
er,
to
determi
n
e t
h
e
net
dial
reading
.
T
he net d
ial
rea
d
p
ro
p
agation
velocities
betwee
n
air
an
d
Poly
.
ing,
times
t
h
e
M
ultiplier
setting, will result
in t
he rou
nd
tri
p
time
or
one
way
d
istance
between
t
h
e
two
d
iscontin
u
ities
.
(
Β
)
Two
d
ial
p
oi
n
ts
.
T
h
is
met
hod uses
t
he
net
d
ial
rea
d
-
i
n
g to
d
etermine
t
he d
istance
between
t
h
e
two
p
oints
or
(C)
F
rom
d
ial
zero
.
In
or
d
er
to
ma
k
e
measureme
n
ts
d
iscontinuities
.
Observe
one
of
t
h
e
two
d
isconti
n
uities
and
d
irectly
from
t
he
TIME-DISTANCE
d
ial,
t
he zero point
note
its
reference
p
oint
on
t
he
scree
n
(or
set
t
h
e
F
I
NE
must
be
d
etermine
d
.
T
he F
I
NE
'(ZER
O
S
E
T)
co
n
trol
is
control to
positio
n
t
he d
iscontin
u
ity
to
t
h
e center or
refer-
usef
u
l
for
α
fine
p
ositioning
control,
a
nd
to
set
t
h
e d
ial
ence
p
oi
n
t
on
t
he
CR
T)
.
R
ecord
t
he
Time-Dista
n
ce
dial
zero
.
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