Lucent Technologies Metropolis AMU 1m/1o Applications And Planning Manual

Type
Applications And Planning Manual

This manual is also suitable for

Metropolis
®
AMU
Release 1.0 through 4.0
Applications and Planning Guide
365-312-847R4.0
CC109599779
Issue 4
November 2006
Lucent Technologies - Proprietary
This document contains proprietary information of Lucent Technologies and
is not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
Copyright © 2006 Lucent Technologies
Unpublished and Not for Publication
All Rights Reserved
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This material is protected by the copyright and trade secret laws of the United States and other countries. It may not be reproduced,
distributed, or altered in any fashion by any entity (either internal or external to Lucent Technologies), except in accordance with applicable
agreements, contracts or licensing, without the express written consent of Lucent Technologies and the business management owner of the
material.
Trademarks
All trademarks and service marks specified herein are owned by their respective companies.
Notice
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document was complete and accurate at the time of printing. However,
information is subject to change.
Release notification
This document describes AMU release 4.0 and covers previous releases.
Compared to provided descriptions some of the legacy releases may vary due to the feature upgrades.
Declaration of Conformity
The Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for this product can be found in this document at “Conformity statements” (p. 5-5),orat:
http://www.lucent.de/ecl.
WEEE directive
The Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive for this product can be found in this document at “Eco-environmental
statements” (p. 5-6).
Ordering information
The order number of this document is 365-312-847R4.0 (Issue 4).
Technical support
For information about Technical Support, please contact your Lucent Local/Regional Technical Support Service Representative or visit
http://www.lucent.com/support.
Information product support
To comment on this information product, go to the Online Comment Form (http://www.lucent-info.com/comments/enus/) or email your
comments to the Comments Hotline ([email protected]).
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Contents
About this information product
Purpose
............................................................................................................................................................................................ ixix
Reason for reissue
....................................................................................................................................................................... ixix
Safety information
................................................................................................................................................................... xiiixiii
Intended audience
..................................................................................................................................................................... xiiixiii
How to use this information product
............................................................................................................................... xiiixiii
Conventions used
....................................................................................................................................................................... xvxv
Related documentation
........................................................................................................................................................... xvixvi
Related training
........................................................................................................................................................................ xviixvii
Software Release Description
............................................................................................................................................ xviixvii
Intended use
............................................................................................................................................................................... xviixvii
Optical safety
........................................................................................................................................................................... xviiixviii
Technical Documentation
...................................................................................................................................................... xxixxi
How to order
.............................................................................................................................................................................. xxixxi
How to comment
...................................................................................................................................................................... xxixxi
1 Introduction
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11-1
Structure of hazard statements
............................................................................................................................................ 1-21-2
System overview
....................................................................................................................................................................... 1-41-4
2 Product description
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-12-1
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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Hardware overview of the Metropolis
®
AMU
Introduction
................................................................................................................................................................................. 2-22-2
System Architecture
Introduction
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 2-112-11
Option cards
Introduction
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 2-152-15
Technical specifications
Overview
................................................................................................................................................................................... 2-322-32
System specifications
.......................................................................................................................................................... 2-332-33
Performance Monitoring
..................................................................................................................................................... 2-512-51
Advanced TransLAN® Features
...................................................................................................................................... 2-572-57
3 Features
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-13-1
New Features - Release 2.1
ITM-SC Management
............................................................................................................................................................. 3-33-3
Performance Monitoring
........................................................................................................................................................ 3-43-4
CWDM SFPs
............................................................................................................................................................................. 3-53-5
Bidirectional SFPs
................................................................................................................................................................... 3-63-6
Fast Download Tool
................................................................................................................................................................ 3-73-7
Physical interfaces
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-83-8
Transmission interfaces
.......................................................................................................................................................... 3-93-9
Data interfaces
........................................................................................................................................................................ 3-103-10
Timing interfaces
.................................................................................................................................................................... 3-113-11
Orderwire interfaces
............................................................................................................................................................. 3-123-12
Operations interfaces
............................................................................................................................................................ 3-133-13
Power interfaces
..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-143-14
Contents
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Transmission features
Overview
................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-153-15
Cross-connection features
................................................................................................................................................... 3-163-16
Transmission protection
...................................................................................................................................................... 3-173-17
Equipment protection
........................................................................................................................................................... 3-183-18
Ethernet features
..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-193-19
Auto-negotiation
..................................................................................................................................................................... 3-213-21
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
............................................................................................................... 3-223-22
Link Pass Through (LPT)
.................................................................................................................................................. 3-233-23
Ethernet mapping schemes
................................................................................................................................................ 3-243-24
Equipment features
Overview
................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-263-26
Equipment inventory and reports
.................................................................................................................................... 3-273-27
Synchronization and timing
Overview
................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-283-28
Timing features
....................................................................................................................................................................... 3-293-29
Timing interface features
.................................................................................................................................................... 3-303-30
Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning
Overview
................................................................................................................................................................................... 3-313-31
Remote maintenance, management, and control
....................................................................................................... 3-323-32
4 Planning Network Applications
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-14-1
Planning network application options
Planning considerations Metropolis
®
AMU .................................................................................................................. 4-24-2
Network topologies
Linear applications
................................................................................................................................................................... 4-44-4
Folded ring application
.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-64-6
Ring application
........................................................................................................................................................................ 4-74-7
Contents
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Dual-homed ring application ............................................................................................................................................... 4-84-8
Linear extension application
................................................................................................................................................ 4-94-9
Dual ring closure
................................................................................................................................................................... 4-104-10
Multiple ring application
.................................................................................................................................................... 4-114-11
Hub application
....................................................................................................................................................................... 4-124-12
Full capacity ring interconnection
.................................................................................................................................. 4-134-13
Metropolis
®
AMU typical 1m/1o application ............................................................................................................ 4-144-14
Grooming application
........................................................................................................................................................... 4-154-15
IP Tunneling in the DCC channels application
......................................................................................................... 4-164-16
GSM/UMTS application
..................................................................................................................................................... 4-174-17
Multi-service application with the TransLAN
®
option board .............................................................................. 4-184-18
Point-to-point LAN connection
........................................................................................................................................ 4-234-23
5 Quality and reliability
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-15-1
Quality
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-25-2
Lucent Technologies’ commitment to quality and reliability
................................................................................ 5-35-3
Ensuring quality
........................................................................................................................................................................ 5-45-4
Conformity statements
........................................................................................................................................................... 5-55-5
Reliability specifications
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5-95-9
General specifications
.......................................................................................................................................................... 5-105-10
Reliability program
.............................................................................................................................................................. 5-115-11
Reliability specifications
................................................................................................................................................... 5-125-12
6 Product support
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-16-1
Installation services
................................................................................................................................................................. 6-26-2
Engineering services
............................................................................................................................................................... 6-46-4
Contents
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Maintenance services .............................................................................................................................................................. 6-66-6
Technical support
..................................................................................................................................................................... 6-86-8
Documentation support
........................................................................................................................................................ 6-106-10
Training support
..................................................................................................................................................................... 6-116-11
Warranty
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 6-126-12
Standard Repair
...................................................................................................................................................................... 6-136-13
7 Ordering
Overview
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7-17-1
Ordering information
.............................................................................................................................................................. 7-27-2
A An SDH overview
Overview
..................................................................................................................................................................................... A-1A-1
SDH signal hierarchy
............................................................................................................................................................ A-4A-4
SDH path and line sections
................................................................................................................................................ A-6A-6
SDH frame structure
.............................................................................................................................................................. A-9A-9
SDH digital multiplexing
................................................................................................................................................. A-11A-11
SDH interface
......................................................................................................................................................................... A-13A-13
SDH multiplexing process
................................................................................................................................................ A-14A-14
SDH demultiplexing process
........................................................................................................................................... A-15A-15
SDH transport rates
............................................................................................................................................................. A-16A-16
Glossary
Index
Contents
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About this information productAbout this information product
Purpose
This Application and Planning Guide (APG) provides the following information about
the Metropolis
®
AMU, Release 1.0 through 4.0:
System overview
Product description
Features
Planning network applications
Quality and reliability
Product support
Ordering.
Reason for reissue
This is the fourth issue of this guide for Metropolis
®
AMU Release 1.0 through 4.0.
The following table lists previous release versions and their corresponding features.
Release GA Features
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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1.0 August 2004 The following features have been
provided in this release.
One shelf variant with two main and
four option card slots and one shelf
variant with one main and one option
card slot
One main unit with pluggable line
interfaces for two STM-1 or two
STM-4; supports two extra STM-1
interfaces
Double width adapter card support for
legacy option cards; LAN board
optimized for Ethernet Private Line
(X8PL - Option card Ethernet Private
Line 8 x E/FE interfaces) cards with
LCAS
63 x E1 with RJ45 connectors (120
/75 )
1 + 1 MSP protection on STM-1/4
interfaces
DCC for Network Element
management
Supports cross-connection between
tributary and aggregate interfaces;
non-blocking LO connectivity
MSP Performance Monitoring only
Local and remote software
downloading
Supports centralized alarm
management using Wavestar®
ITM-CIT
Supports remote alarm investigation
through Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs
(MDI) and Miscellaneous Discrete
Outputs (MDO)
Cross-connect loopbacks for electrical
interfaces
2 Mbit/s external synchronization
clock
Space efficient design for rack
mounting
Supported by the Wavestar®
ITM-CIT - Release 13.02 and
Wavestar® ITM-SC Release 11.3
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2.0 February 2005 The following features have been
provided in this release.
Additional pluggable STM1e
Additional legacy card support:
4 x 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX
(X4IP)
16 x DS1
2xE3
2 x DS3
Main board protection,
VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 SNC/N protection
Performance Monitoring for
VC-12/VC-3/VC-4, PDH 2Mbit/s
frames, and AIS detection
VPN tagging and provisionable
Ethertype
Double tagging on LAN ports
Customer WAN port operation mode
Increased IEEE VLAN instances
Ethernet Private Line option card
with 2 x E/FE (TX), 2 x E/FE/GE
(TX/optical SFP),4xE1(75/120 )
Pluggable GE for SX, LX, and ZX
Ethernet Private Line option card
with 4 x E/FE (TX), 32 x E1 (75 )
External AC/DC power converter
Supported by Wavestar® ITM-CIT -
Release 14.0, Wavestar® ITM-SC,
Release 11.4, Lucent Network
Management System (NMS), Release
8.2, Lucent Optical Management
System (OMS), Release 3.2.
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2.1 Sep 2006 The following features have been
provided in this release.
Bidirectional performance monitoring
for midway points and connection
termination points
AU-4 Non-intrusive bidirectional
monitoring
TU-12, TU-3, Near-end non-intrusive
monitoring
Note: These features can only be
managed by the ITM-SC. For ITM-SC
users, these features are only applicable
to Metropolis
®
AMU Release 2.1 and do
not include features from subsequent
releases.
Note: For ITM-CIT users, the
Metropolis
®
AMU Release 2.1 provides
network element software via the Fast
Download Tool (FDT). For more
information, refer the Metropolis® AMU
Installation Guide.
3.0 Jan 2006 The following features have been
provided in this release.
Switched Ethernet option card with 2
x E/FE, 2 x E/FE/GE, and 4 E1
interfaces (75/120 )
Option card for 8 x STM-1 or 2 x
STM-4
Link Pass Through (LPT) on
EPL4_E14 - Release 2.0,
EPL4_E132_75 - Release 2.0,
ESW4_E14 - Release 3.0 option cards
Supported by the Lucent OMS
Release 4.2 and Wavestar® ITM-CIT
- Release 16.0.
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4.0 August 2006 The following features have been
provided in this release:
Main unit-2xSTM-1/4 and 2 x
STM-4/16 interfaces using SFPs
STM-16 SFPs
Performance Monitoring features
The following performance
monitoring features have been
implemented in this release.
General Purpose Ethernet Monitor
Ethernet Service Monitor
Ethernet Congestion Monitor
Ethernet High Priority Traffic
Monitor
Ethernet Low Priority Traffic
Monitor
Ethernet Frame Delay Monitor.
Advanced TransLAN® features for
the ESW4_E14 option card.
Supported by the Lucent OMS
Release 5.0 and Wavestar® ITM-CIT
- Release 17.0
Safety information
This information product contains hazard statements for your safety. Hazard statements
are given at points where safety consequences to personnel, equipment, and operation
may exist. Failure to follow these statements may result in serious consequences.
Intended audience
The Metropolis
®
AMU Applications and Planning Guide is primarily intended for
network planners and engineers. In addition, others who need specific information
about the features, applications, operation, and engineering of Metropolis
®
AMU may
find the information in this manual useful.
How to use this information product
Each chapter of this manual treats a specific aspect of the system and can be regarded
as an independent description. This ensures that readers can inform themselves
according to their special needs. This also means that the manual provides more
information than needed by many of the readers. Before you start reading the manual,
it is therefore necessary to assess which aspects or chapters will cover the individual
area of interest.
The following table briefly describes the information presented in each chapter.
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Chapter Title Description
About this information product This chapter
describes the guide’s purpose, intended audience,
and organization
lists related documentation
explains how to comment on this document
1 Introduction This chapter
presents a structure of hazard statements
provides a high-level product overview
provides an overview of key features
2 Product description This chapter
presents the network element overview
describes the system architecture
describes supported option cards
lists technical specifications
3 Features This chapter
describes the new features that are available in
Metropolis
®
AMU - Release 2.1 and contains the
following topics.
ITM-SC Management
Performance Monitoring
CWDM SFPs
Bidirectional SFPs
Fast Download Tool
describes the features of the Metropolis
®
AMU
describes operations, administration, maintenance,
and provisioning functions (such as alarms,
operation interfaces, security, and performance
monitoring)
4 Planning network
applications
This chapter
presents general application options
recommends network topologies
5 Quality and reliability This chapter
provides the Lucent Technologies quality policy
lists the reliability specifications
6 Product support This chapter
describes engineering and installation services
explains documentation and technical support
lists training courses
7 Ordering Describes how to order Metropolis
®
AMU
About this information product
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Chapter Title Description
Appendix A SDH Overview Describes the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
standards for optical signal rates and formats
Glossary Defines telecommunication terms and explains abbreviations and acronyms
Index Lists specific subjects and their corresponding page numbers
Conventions used
These conventions are used in this document:
Numbering
The chapters of this document are numbered consecutively. The page numbering
restarts at “1” in each chapter. To facilitate identifying pages in different chapters, the
page numbers are prefixed with the chapter number. For example, page 2-3 is the third
page in chapter 2.
Cross-references
Cross-reference conventions are identical with those used for numbering, i.e. the first
number in a reference to a particular page refers to the corresponding chapter.
Keyword blocks
This document contains so-called keyword blocks to facilitate the location of specific
text passages. The keyword blocks are placed to the left of the main text and indicate
the contents of a paragraph or group of paragraphs.
Typographical conventions
Special typographical conventions apply to elements of the graphical user interface
(GUI), file names and system path information, keyboard entries, alarm messages etc.
Elements of the graphical user interface (GUI)
These are examples of text that appears on a graphical user interface (GUI), such
as menu options, window titles or push buttons:
Provision{, Delete, Apply, Close, OK (push-button)
Provision Timing/Sync (window title)
View Equipment Details{ (menu option)
Administration Security User Provisioning{ (path for invoking a
window)
File names and system path information
These are examples of file names and system path information:
setup.exe
C:\Program Files\Lucent Technologies
Keyboard entries
These are examples of keyboard entries:
F1, Esc X, Alt-F, Ctrl-D, Ctrl-Alt-Del (simple keyboard entries)
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A hyphen between two keys means that both keys have to be pressed
simultaneously. Otherwise, a single key has to be pressed, or several keys have
to be pressed in sequence.
copy abc xyz (command)
A complete command has to be entered.
Alarms and error messages
These are examples of alarms and error messages:
Loss of Signal
Circuit Pack Failure
HP-UNEQ, MS-AIS, LOS, LOF
Not enough disk space available
Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in this document can be found in the “Glossary” unless it can be
assumed that the reader is familiar with the abbreviation.
Related documentation
This section briefly describes the documents that are included in the Metropolis
®
AMU
documentation set.
Installation Guide
The Metropolis
®
AMU Installation Guide (IG) provides step-by-step instructions
for system installation and setup. It includes information needed for pre-installation
site planning and post-installation acceptance testing.
Applications and Planning Guide
The Metropolis
®
AMU Applications and Planning Guide (APG) provides
recommendations for network planners, analysts, and managers. It is also used by
the Lucent Account Team. It presents a detailed overview of the system,
recommends applications, provides planning requirements, engineering rules,
ordering information, and technical specifications.
User Operations Guide
The Metropolis
®
AMU User Operations Guide (UOG) provides step-by-step
instructions to perform routine system operations such as system provisioning,
operations, and administrative tasks using the ITM Craft Interface Terminal
(ITM-CIT).
Alarm Messages and Trouble Clearing Guide
The Metropolis
®
AMU Alarm Messages and Trouble Clearing Guide (AMTCG)
provides a detailed description of alarm messages. It includes procedures for
routine maintenance, troubleshooting, diagnostics, and component replacement.
The Lucent OMS Release 4.0 Provisioning Guide (Application Metropolis
®
AMU)
The Lucent OMS Provisioning Guide (Application Metropolis
®
AMU) provides
instructions to perform system provisioning, operations, and administrative tasks
using the Lucent OMS.
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The following table lists the documents included in the Metropolis
®
AMU
documentation set.
Document title Document code
Metropolis
®
AMU Applications and Planning Guide Release
1.0 through 4.0
109599779
(365-312-847R4.0)
Metropolis
®
AMU User Operations Guide Release 1.0 through
4.0
109599829
(365-312-850R4.0)
Metropolis
®
AMU Alarm Messages and Trouble Clearing
Guide 1.0 through 4.0
109599761
(365-312-849R4.0)
Metropolis
®
AMU Installation Guide 1.0 through 4.0 109599803
(365-312-848R4.0)
Lucent OMS Provisioning Guide Release 4.0 (Application
Metropolis
®
AMU)
109604405
(365-312-854R4.0)
CD-ROM Documentation R4.0 Metropolis
®
AMU (all
manuals on a CD-ROM)
109599787
(365-312-853)
These documents can be ordered or downloaded from the Customer Information Center
(CIC) at http://www.cic.lucent.com/documents.html or via your Local Customer
Support.
Related training
For detailed information about the Metropolis
®
AMU training courses and how to
register, please refer to “Training support” (p. 6-11) in this document.
Software Release Description
The Software Release Description (SRD) provides a description of the Network
Element software upgrades and is also available with the Metropolis
®
AMU CD-ROM.
This manual describes Metropolis
®
AMU Release 1.0 through 4.0. For technical
reasons, some of the documented features may not be available until later software
versions. For precise information about the availability of features, please consult the
Software Release Description (SRD) that is distributed with the network element
software. This information provides the actual product status at the time of software
delivery.
Intended use
This equipment shall be used only in accordance with intended use, corresponding
installation, and maintenance statements as specified in this documentation. Any other
use or modification is prohibited.
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Optical safety
For a detailed description about Optical safety guidelines, refer the Metropolis
®
AMU
Safety Guide.
IEC Customer Laser Safety Guidelines
Lucent Technologies declares that this product is compliant with all essential safety
requirements as stated in IEC 60825-Part 1 and 2 “Safety of Laser Products” and
“Safety of Optical Fibre Telecommunication Systems”. Futhermore, Lucent
Technologies declares that the warning statements on equipment labels are in
accordance with the specified laser radiation class.
Optical Safety Declaration (if laser modules used)
Lucent Technologies declares that this product is compliant with all essential safety
requirements as stated in IEC 60825-Part 1 and 2 “Safety of Laser Products” and
“Safety of Optical Fiber Telecommunication Systems”. Furthermore, Lucent
Technologies declares that the warning statements on equipment labels are in
accordance with the specified laser radiation class.
Optical Fiber Communications
This equipment contains an Optical Fiber Communications semiconductor laser/LED
transmitter. The following Laser Safety Guidelines are provided for this product.
General Laser Information
Optical fiber telecommunication systems, their associated test sets, and similar
operating systems use semiconductor laser transmitters that emit infrared (IR) light at
wavelengths between approximately 800 nanometers (nm) and 1600 nm. The emitted
light is above the red end of the visible spectrum, which is normally not visible to the
human eye. Although the radiant end at near-IR wavelengths is officially designated
invisible, some people can see the shorter wavelength energy even at power levels that
are several orders of magnitude below any levels that have been shown to cause injury
to the eye.
Conventional lasers can produce an intense beam of monochromatic light. The term
“monochromaticity” means a single wavelength output of pure color that may be
visible or invisible to the eye. A conventional laser produces a small-size beam of
light, and because the beam size is small the power density (also called irradiance) is
very high. Consequently, lasers and laser products are subject to federal and applicable
state regulations, as well as international standards, for their safe operation.
A conventional laser beam expands very little over distance, or is said to be very well
collimated. Thus, conventional laser irradiance remains relatively constant over
distance. However, lasers used in lightwave systems have a large beam divergence,
typically 10 to 20 degrees. Here, irradiance obeys the inverse square law (doubling the
distance reduces the irradiance by a factor of 4) and rapidly decreases over distance.
Lasers and Eye Damage
The optical energy emitted by laser and high-radiance LEDs in the 400-1400 nm range
may cause eye damage if absorbed by the retina. When a beam of light enters the eye,
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the eye magnifies and focuses the energy on the retina magnifying the irradiance. The
irradiance of the energy that reaches the retina is approximately 105, or 100,000 times
more than at the cornea and, if sufficiently intense, may cause a retinal burn.
The damage mechanism at the wavelengths used in an optical fiber telecommunications
is thermal in origin, i.e., damage caused by heating. Therefore, a specific amount of
energy is required for a definite time to heat an area of retinal tissue. Damage to the
retina occurs only when one looks at the light long enough that the product of the
retinal irradiance and the viewing time exceeds the damage threshold. Optical energies
above 1400 nm cause corneal and skin burns, but do not affect the retina. The
thresholds for injury at wavelengths greater than 1400 nm are significantly higher than
for wavelengths in the retinal hazard region.
Classification of Lasers
Manufacturers of lasers and laser products in the U.S. are regulated by the Food and
Drug Administration’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA/CDRH) under
21 CFR 1040. These regulations require manufacturers to certify each laser or laser
product as belonging to one of four major Classes: I, II, lla, IlIa, lllb, or IV. The
International Electro-technical Commission is an international standards body that
writes laser safety standards under IEC-60825. Classification schemes are similar with
Classes divided into Classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B, and 4. Lasers are classified
according to the accessible emission limits and their potential for causing injury.
Optical fiber telecommunication systems are generally classified as Class I/1 because,
under normal operating conditions, all energized laser transmitting circuit packs are
terminated on optical fibers which enclose the laser energy with the fiber sheath
forming a protective housing. Also, a protective housing/access panel is typically
installed in front of the laser circuit pack shelves The circuit packs themselves,
however, may be FDA/CDRH Class I, IIIb, or IV or IEC Class 1, 1M, 3R, 3B, or 4.
Laser Safety Precautions for Optical Fiber Telecommunication Systems
In its normal operating mode, an optical fiber telecommunication system is totally
enclosed and presents no risk of eye injury. It is a Class I/1 system under the FDA and
IEC classifications.
The fiber optic cables that interconnect various components of an optical fiber
telecommunication system can disconnect or break, and may expose people to laser
emissions. Also, certain measures and maintenance procedures may expose the
technician to emission from the semiconductor laser during installation and servicing.
Unlike more familiar laser devices such as solid-state and gas lasers, the emission
pattern of a semiconductor laser results in a highly divergent beam. In a divergent
beam, the irradiance (power density) decreases rapidly with distance. The greater the
distance, the less energy will enter the eye, and the less potential risk for eye injury.
Inadvertently viewing an un-terminated fiber or damaged fiber with the unaided eye at
distances greater than 5 to 6 inches normally will not cause eye injury, provided the
power in the fiber is less than a few milliwatts at the near IR wavelengths and a few
tens of milliwatts at the far IR wavelengths. However, damage may occur if an optical
instrument such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to stare at the
energized fiber end.
About this information product
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365-312-847R4.0
Issue 4, November 2006
,
Lucent Technologies - Proprietary
See notice on first page
xix
CAUTION
Laser hazard
Use of controls, adjustments, and procedures other than those specified herein may
result in hazardous laser radiation exposure.
Laser Safety Precautions for Enclosed Systems
Under normal operating conditions, optical fiber telecommunication systems are
completely enclosed; nonetheless, the following precautions shall be observed:
1. Because of the potential for eye damage, technicians should not stare into optical
connectors or broken fibers
2. Under no circumstance shall laser/fiber optic operations be performed by a
technician before satisfactorily completing an approved training course
3. Since viewing laser emissions directly in excess of Class I/1 limits with an optical
instrument such as an eye loupe greatly increases the risk of eye damage,
appropriate labels must appear in plain view, in close proximity to the optical port
on the protective housing/access panel of the terminal equipment.
Laser Safety Precautions for Unenclosed Systems
During service, maintenance, or restoration, an optical fiber telecommunication system
is considered unenclosed. Under these conditions, follow these practices:
1. Only authorized, trained personnel shall be permitted to do service, maintenance
and restoration. Avoid exposing the eye to emissions from un-terminated, energized
optical connectors at close distances. Laser modules associated with the optical
ports of laser circuit packs are typically recessed, which limits the exposure
distance. Optical port shutters, Automatic Power Reduction (APR), and
Automatic Power Shut Down (APSD) are engineering controls that are also used to
limit emissions. However, technicians removing or replacing laser circuit packs
should not stare or look directly into the optical port with optical instruments or
magnifying lenses. (Normal eye wear or indirect viewing instruments such as
Find-R-Scopes are not considered magnifying lenses or optical instruments.)
2. Only authorized, trained personnel shall use optical test equipment during
installation or servicing since this equipment contains semiconductor lasers (Some
examples of optical test equipment are Optical Time Domain Reflectometers
(OTDR’s), Hand-Held Loss Test Sets.)
3. Under no circumstances shall any personnel scan a fiber with an optical test set
without verifying that all laser sources on the fiber are turned off
4. All unauthorized personnel shall be excluded from the immediate area of the
optical fiber telecommunication systems during installation and service.
Consult ANSI Z136.2, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in the U.S.;
or, outside the U.S., IEC-60825, Part 2 for guidance on the safe use of optical fiber
optic communication in the workplace.
About this information product
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See notice on first page
365-312-847R4.0
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Lucent Technologies Metropolis AMU 1m/1o Applications And Planning Manual

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