Apple Logic Express 9 User manual

Logic Express 9

User Manual

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Apple

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Apple, the Apple logo, Bonjour, Final Cut, FireWire,

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Welcome to Logic Express17Preface

About Logic Express17

About the Logic Express Documentation18

Additional Resources19

Introducing Logic Express21Chapter 1

Creating Music in Logic Express21

Understanding the Basics of Projects and Regions23

Setting Up Your System27Chapter 2

Designing Your Music Production System27

Connecting Your Audio and MIDI Devices34

Using External MIDI Devices42

Using External Audio Effects42

Configuring Your Audio Hardware42

Overview of the Logic Express Interface45Chapter 3

Opening Logic Express46

Introducing the Arrange Window46

Working in the Arrange Area48

Using the Toolbar49

Using the Transport Bar49

Using the Inspector50

Working in the Media Area52

Working in the Notes Area60

Working in the Lists Area62

Working in the Editing Area66

Understanding Common Elements of Logic Express Windows70

Understanding How Arrange Window Areas Interact74

Using Logic Express Interface Elements77

Using the Computer Keyboard79

Customizing Your Window Setup81Chapter 4

Understanding the Window Types82

Contents

Opening and Closing Windows84

Moving and Resizing Windows87

Working at Different Hierarchy Levels91

Selecting the Working Area92

Zooming the Working Area94

Understanding Relationships Between Windows99

Hiding or Showing the Transport Bar102

Customizing the Arrange Toolbar102

Hiding or Revealing the Inspector103

Adjusting the Bar Ruler Display104

Displaying Global Tracks105

Using Screensets108

Navigating Your Project113Chapter 5

Setting the Playhead Position114

Using the Transport Buttons117

Using Transport Key Commands118

Using Transport Shortcut Menus119

Using Apple Remote120

Using Cycle Mode121

Using the Chase Events Function127

Customizing the Transport Bar129

Working with Markers137Chapter 6

Opening Marker Areas and Windows138

Creating Markers140

Copying Markers143

Selecting Markers143

Deleting Markers143

Naming Markers144

Changing the Appearance of Marker Text147

Editing Markers148

Navigating with Markers150

Switching Between Marker Alternatives152

Customizing the Marker Display in the Marker List152

Importing, Removing, and Exporting Marker Information152

Working with Projects153Chapter 7

Learning About Projects153

Creating Projects154

Opening Projects157

Opening and Creating Projects Automatically160

Previewing Projects with Quick Look160

4 Contents

Importing Data and Settings from Other Projects161

Checking and Repairing Projects168

Setting Project Properties169

Managing Projects177

Saving Projects180

Closing and Quitting183

Basic Operations185Chapter 8

Using the Mouse185

Entering Numerical Values186

Entering Text187

Working with Key Commands188

Working with Tools196

Working with Help Tags203

Using the Shortcut Menu204

Using Selection Techniques205

Working with the Clipboard210

Undoing and Redoing Edit Operations211

Working with Tracks215Chapter 9

Understanding Tracks and Channel Strips216

Configuring the Track Header218

Reclaiming Workspace Used by the Track Header220

Creating Tracks and Channel Strips221

Creating Tracks Only226

Deleting Tracks in the Arrange Area228

Selecting Tracks in the Arrange Area229

Rearranging Tracks in the Arrange Area229

Naming Tracks in the Arrange Area230

Assigning Tracks in the Arrange Area233

Zooming Tracks in the Arrange Area235

Assigning Track Icons in the Track Parameter Box236

Muting Tracks in the Arrange Area237

Soloing Tracks in the Arrange Area239

Record-Enabling Tracks in the Arrange Area240

Freezing Tracks in the Arrange Area240

Hiding Tracks in the Arrange Area244

Protecting Tracks in the Arrange Area245

Using Track Button Slide Activation246

Drum Replacement or Doubling in the Arrange Area246

Bouncing Regions and Tracks in Place249

5Contents

Working with Instruments and Effects257Chapter 10

Getting to Know the Arrange Channel Strips257

Working with Plug-ins262

Working with Channel Strip Configurations267

Opening, Closing, and Resizing Plug-in Windows272

Adjusting Plug-in Parameters274

Using Common Plug-in Window Functions276

Using the Library to Choose Plug-in Settings284

Understanding the Library Folder and Menu Structure285

Learning About Effect Routings285

Working with Instruments291

Working with ReWire Applications305

Working with External Audio Effects307

Using Plug-ins from Other Manufacturers308

Adding Prerecorded Media313Chapter 11

Learning About File Formats Supported by Logic Express313

Accessing Media Files in the Browser315

Finding Apple Loops in the Loop Browser322

Adding and Removing Audio Files332

Adding MIDI and Project Files340

Getting to Know Regions341Chapter 12

What Are Regions?341

MIDI and Audio Regions Compared344

Handling Regions in the Audio Bin and Sample Editor346

Creating Your Arrangement357Chapter 13

Getting to Know the Arrange Area358

Snapping Region Edits to Time Positions360

Using Drag Modes363

Scrubbing Your Arrangement365

Using Shortcut Menus366

Muting Regions366

Soloing Regions367

Naming Regions368

Assigning Colors to Regions371

Selecting Regions372

Adding, Recording, and Removing Regions376

Restoring Removed Regions377

Moving Regions378

Resizing Regions383

6 Contents

Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Regions389

Adding or Removing Arrangement Passages390

Creating Region Aliases394

Creating Region Clones397

Converting Regions to a New Sampler Track398

Creating Multiple Copies of Regions400

Creating Region Loops400

Dividing Regions404

Demixing MIDI Regions407

Merging Regions (General Tools and Commands)408

Merging MIDI Regions409

Merging Audio Regions409

Working with Folders411

Creating Crossfades and Fades on Audio Regions415

Setting Region Parameters420

Recording in Logic Express427Chapter 14

Checking Hardware Connections and Settings for Recording428

Setting the Project Sample Rate428

Setting the Project Bit Depth429

Setting Up the Metronome for Recording431

Enabling Software Monitoring for Recording433

Setting the Monitoring Level for Recording435

Defining the Recording Folder435

Naming Audio Recordings436

Choosing the Recording File Type436

Setting the Recording Format438

Record-Enabling Tracks439

Getting to Know Audio Recording440

Audio Take Recording441

Audio Multitrack Recording447

Audio Punch Recording447

Audio Replace Recording450

Deleting Audio Recordings451

Getting to Know MIDI Recording451

MIDI Take Recording452

MIDI Multitrack Recording457

MIDI Merge Recording461

MIDI Replace Recording462

Retrospective Recording of MIDI Regions463

Switching Instruments to Software Instrument Live Mode464

Filtering MIDI Events When Recording464

Turning MIDI Thru Off When Recording465

7Contents

Using Advanced Recording Commands466

Coloring Takes While Recording466

Marking a Good Take While Recording468

MIDI Step Input Recording469

Editing Audio Take Recordings477Chapter 15

Getting to Know Take Folders478

Previewing Take Folder Recordings478

Toggling Take Folder Editing Mode480

Creating Comps482

Editing Comps483

Resizing Take Regions488

Cutting Take Folders and Take Regions489

Moving Take Folders and Take Regions492

Duplicating Comps or Creating New Comps494

Renaming Takes or Comps496

Deleting Takes or Comps499

Exporting Takes or Comps to New Tracks503

Moving Takes or Comps to New Tracks507

Flattening and Merging Take Folders511

Unpacking Take Folders514

Packing Regions into a Take Folder518

Opening Take Folders in the Sample Editor519

Flex Time Editing521Chapter 16

Turning on Flex View522

Choosing Flex Modes522

Getting to Know the Flex Modes525

Getting to Know Transient, Flex, and Tempo Markers527

Working with Flex Markers528

Time Stretching Using Marquee Selections534

Time Stretching Using Region Borders535

Snapping Flex Markers to Transient Markers536

Splitting Audio Regions at Transient Marker Positions537

Using the Flex Tool537

Using Varispeed to Alter Playback Speed and Pitch541

Editing Audio in the Sample Editor543Chapter 17

Opening the Sample Editor544

Getting to Know the Sample Editor545

Playing Audio Files in the Sample Editor546

Navigating Audio Files in the Sample Editor549

Making Selections in the Sample Editor550

8 Contents

Audio Editing and Processing in the Sample Editor554

Adjusting the Project Tempo in the Sample Editor565

Using Sample Editor Loop Functions565

Undoing Edit Steps in the Sample Editor566

Creating Manual Backups in the Sample Editor566

Customizing Waveform Amplitude Scale in the Sample Editor568

Customizing the Ruler in the Sample Editor568

Customizing Waveform Display in the Sample Editor570

Getting to Know the Sample Editor’s Digital Factory571

Using the Sample Editor’s “Time and Pitch Machine”572

Using the Sample Editor’s Groove Machine577

Using the Sample Editor’s Audio Energizer579

Using the Sample Editor’s Silencer582

Using the Sample Editor’s “Audio to Score”584

Using the Sample Editor’s Quantize Engine587

“Audio to MIDI Groove Template”589

Using an External Sample Editor589

Working with Tempo and Audio Regions591Chapter 18

Automatic Tempo Matching591

Setting the Project Tempo to Match an Audio Region593

Time Stretching Regions595

Using Beat Detection to Create Tempo Changes597

Importing, Removing, and Exporting Tempo Information599

Removing Silent Passages from Audio Regions601Chapter 19

Opening the Strip Silence Window601

Getting to Know the Strip Silence Window602

Removing Silent Passages from a Selected Region603

Automatic Anchor Creation604

Understanding How You Can Use Strip Silence604

Managing Audio Files607Chapter 20

Sorting, Grouping, and Renaming Files in the Audio Bin607

Moving Audio Files614

Copying or Converting Audio Files615

Deleting Audio Files617

Optimizing Audio Files617

Converting Regions into Independent Audio Files618

Exporting Tracks as Audio Files619

Exporting or Importing Region Information619

Finding and Replacing Orphaned Audio Files619

9Contents

Quantizing Audio and MIDI623Chapter 21

Understanding Region- and Event-based Quantization624

Understanding the Quantize Grid Options624

Fine-Tuning the Quantize Grid Options625

Quantizing Audio or MIDI Regions627

Quantizing Phase-Locked Audio Tracks629

Quantizing MIDI Regions Permanently631

Quantizing MIDI Events632

Working with Groove Templates634

Introduction to MIDI Editing641Chapter 22

Getting to Know the MIDI Editors641

Opening the MIDI Editors642

Hearing MIDI Events When Editing645

Editing MIDI Events in the Arrange Area645

Monitoring and Resetting MIDI Events647

Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor649Chapter 23

Opening the Piano Roll Editor649

Getting to Know the Piano Roll Editor650

Creating and Editing Note Events in the Piano Roll Editor653

Splitting Chords in the Piano Roll Editor668

Using Hyper Draw in the Piano Roll Editor669

Customizing the Piano Roll Editor671

Using Piano Roll Editor Shortcuts671

Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor673Chapter 24

Opening the Hyper Editor673

Getting to Know the Hyper Editor675

Creating and Editing Events in the Hyper Editor675

Working with Event Definitions685

Using the Event Definition Parameter Box690

Working with Hyper Sets693

Editing MIDI Events in the Event List699Chapter 25

Getting to Know the Event List700

Selecting and Creating Events705

Editing Events708

Deleting and Muting Events711

Soloing and Renaming Regions or Folders712

Learning About Event Types712

The Event Float Window719

10 Contents

Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window721Chapter 26

Getting to Know the Transform Window721

Choosing and Using Transform Sets722

Learning About the Transform Presets723

Using the Transform Window Parameters734

Creating Your Own Transform Sets740

Importing Transform Sets From Other Projects741

Usage Examples741

Mixing747Chapter 27

Opening the Mixer748

Getting to Know the Mixer750

Understanding Channel Strip Types in the Mixer751

Understanding Channel Strip Controls in the Mixer752

Understanding the Basic Mixing Stages753

Working with Mixer Groups754

Muting Channel Strips758

Soloing Channel Strips759

Setting Channel Strip Levels760

Setting Pan or Balance in the Mixer765

Adding and Routing Effects in the Mixer766

Controlling Signal Flow in the Mixer769

Working with MIDI Channel Strips in the Mixer777

Customizing the Mixer781

Using the I/O Labels Window786

Adjusting Mixer Channel Strips in Record or Playback Mode787

Copying Entire Mixer Setups787

Adjusting Elements of Multiple Mixer Channel Strips788

Navigating Within the Mixer791

Assigning Colors to Channel Strips in the Mixer792

Renaming Tracks in the Mixer792

Linking Control Surfaces to the Mixer793

Working with Automation795Chapter 28

Displaying Track Automation796

Setting an Automation Mode800

Writing Track Automation Data803

Selecting Automation Nodes and Lines804

Creating Automation Nodes805

Deleting Track Automation Data806

Copying and Moving Automation Data807

Editing Track Automation Data in the Track Header809

11Contents

Snapping Automation to Grid Positions810

Offsetting Automation810

Editing Track Automation Data in the Event List812

Writing Track Automation with External Controllers812

Using Hyper Draw in the Arrange Area814

Conversion of Automation Data818

Bouncing Your Project819Chapter 29

Creating a Bounce819

Routing Channel Strips to an Output820

Defining the Bounce Range821

Defining Parameters in the Bounce Window822

Setting the Bounce Filename and Folder831

Bouncing and Dithering832

Creating Apple Loops835Chapter 30

Creating Apple Loops in Logic Express836

Creating Apple Loops in the Apple Loops Utility839

Converting ReCycle Files into Apple Loops840

Adding Apple Loops to the Loop Browser842

Adding Acid Loops to the Loop Browser843

Using Global Tracks with Apple Loops843

Converting Apple Loops to Audio Files845

Converting the Sample Rate of Apple Loops846

Working with Notation847Chapter 31

Opening the Score Editor848

Getting to Know the Score Editor850

Understanding the Basic Scoring Stages850

Entering Notes and Symbols in the Score Editor854

Working with the Part Box860

Learning About Part Box Groups863

General Editing in the Score Editor875

Editing Notes in the Score Editor882

Creating and Inserting Rests in the Score Editor888

Editing Clefs in the Score Editor890

Editing Slurs and Crescendi in the Score Editor891

Editing Repeat Signs and Bar Lines in the Score Editor894

Working with Standard Text895

Working with Automatic Text902

Working with Lyrics903

Working with Chords904

Working with Chord Grids907

12 Contents

Working with Tablature Markings929

Working with Time and Key Signatures930

Transcribing MIDI Recordings937

Default Settings for New MIDI Regions937

Selecting Multiple Regions in the Score Editor938

Display Parameters939

Hidden MIDI Regions944

Using Note Attributes to Change Individual Notes944

Working with Staff Styles950

Using Score Sets to Create Scores and Parts971

Preparing the Score Layout for Printing977

Exporting the Score as a Graphic File982

Customizing the Score Editor’s Appearance983

Project and File Interchange987Chapter 32

Sharing Logic Express Data over a Network988

Backing Up Audio Files992

Backing Up and Sharing Projects993

Working with Standard MIDI Files994

Working with GarageBand Projects997

Working with OMF Files998

Working with OpenTL Files999

Working with AAF Files1001

Working with Final Cut Pro XML Files1002

Working with Soundtrack Pro STAP Files1003

Exporting Individual Regions as Audio Files1004

Exporting Individual or Multiple Tracks as Audio Files1006

Advanced Tempo Operations1011Chapter 33

Using the Tempo Display in the Transport Bar1011

Using the Tempo Track1012

Recording Tempo Changes in Logic Express1017

Adjusting the Tempo to Fit Audio Regions1017

Using the Tempo List1018

Using the Tempo Operations Window1021

Using the Tempo Interpreter Window1023

Using the Tempo Fader1026

Beat Mapping Regions1027Chapter 34

Understanding the Concept of Beat Mapping1027

Beat Mapping MIDI Regions1028

Beat Mapping Audio Regions1030

Automatic Beat Mapping of Regions1031

13Contents

Beat Mapping to Scene Markers1033

Beat Mapping to Markers1033

Editing Transposition with the Chord and Transposition Tracks1035Chapter 35

Opening the Chord and Transposition Tracks1036

Understanding How MIDI Events and Apple Loops Are Transposed1037

Creating and Editing Transposition and Chord Events1038

Using the Chord Track to Analyze MIDI Regions1040

Working in the Environment1043Chapter 36

Opening the Environment1043

Getting to Know the Environment1044

Working with Layers1045

Working with Objects1048

Creating Your MIDI Signal Path1052

Exchanging Environments1060

Customizing the Environment Display1063

Environment Objects Reference1067Chapter 37

Opening the Object Parameter Box1068

Getting to Know Common Object Parameters1068

Standard Instrument Objects1070

Multi-Instrument Objects1072

Mapped Instrument Objects1076

Touch Track Objects1081

Fader Objects1085

Alias Objects1102

Ornament Objects1104

GM Mixer Objects1104

MMC Record Buttons Objects1107

Keyboard Objects1108

Monitor Objects1108

Macro Objects1109

Arpeggiator Objects1111

Transformer Objects1113

Delay Line Objects1119

Voice Limiter Objects1120

Channel Splitter Objects1121

Chord Memorizer Objects1121

Physical Input Objects1124

Sequencer Input Objects1125

MIDI Click Objects1126

Internal Objects1128

14 Contents

Channel Strip Objects1130

Working with Video1135Chapter 38

Opening a Movie1135

Using the Movie Window1137

Using the Video Track1138

Working with Movie Scene Markers1139

Handling QuickTime Movie Audio Tracks1141

Synchronizing Logic Express1143Chapter 39

Understanding the Synchronization Protocols1143

The Synchronization Master and Slave Relationship1144

Using External Synchronization1144

Displaying and Using SMPTE Positions1146

MIDI Machine Control1148

Synchronization Problems and Solutions1150

Working with Plug-in Latencies1153Chapter 40

Understanding Plug-in Latency in Logic Express1153

Working in Low Latency Mode1154

Working with Plug-in Latency Compensation1155

Working with Split Channel Audio File Formats1159Chapter 41

Importing Split Channel Files1159

Working with Split Stereo Files1160

Exporting Split Channel Files1161

Project Settings in Logic Express1163Chapter 42

Accessing Project Settings1163

Saving Project Settings1165

Synchronization Project Settings1165

Metronome Settings1175

Recording Settings1177

Tuning Settings1180

Audio Settings1186

MIDI Settings1188

Score Settings1192

Video Project Settings1215

Assets Project Settings1217

Preferences in Logic Express1219Chapter 43

Accessing Preferences1219

Saving Preferences1220

General Preferences in Logic Express1221

15Contents

Audio Preferences in Logic Express1229

MIDI Preferences in Logic Express1242

Display Preferences in Logic Express1247

Score Preferences in Logic Express1252

Video Preferences in Logic Express1254

Automation Preferences in Logic Express1255

Control Surface Preferences in Logic Express1257

Sharing Preferences in Logic Express1259

1261Glossary

16 Contents

Logic Express is a sophisticated, fully featured audio and MIDI application that provides

all the tools you need to create professional-quality music productions.

This preface covers the following:

• About Logic Express (p. 17)

• About the Logic Express Documentation (p. 18)

• Additional Resources (p. 19)

About Logic Express

Logic Express allows you to record and edit both audio and MIDI, add high-quality effects,

and mix your music. The final mix can be exported to one or more standard audio files,

or burned to an audio CD or DVD that can be played on any computer, home stereo, or

imported into other applications and devices.

Some of the things you can do with Logic Express include:

• Record MIDI information via connected MIDI input devices, such as keyboards, and

play back this information via any connected MIDI device (such as a synthesizer keyboard

or module) or the integrated Logic Express software instruments.

• Create, arrange, and edit MIDI projects, make use of the powerful Score Editor, then

print musical notation via a printer connected to your computer.

• Edit the timing of audio files—Flex time editing—by shortening or expanding the

distance between transients in the audio.

• Digitally record acoustic and electric instruments or vocal performances into your

projects, and process these audio recordings with a huge array of built-in real-time

effects.

• Make use of the integrated software instruments, including Ultrabeat, ES1, ES2,

EXS24 mkII, over a dozen high-quality GarageBand instruments, or third-party

Audio Units instruments.

• Load projects or channel strips from GarageBand, and enhance them with the additional

processing and editing possibilities afforded by Logic Express.

Welcome to Logic Express

Preface

• Mix your MIDI and audio tracks, including effects and software instrument settings, via

a sophisticated total recall mix automation system. Logic Express includes high-quality

effects that you can use in your projects. You can also install and use third-party

Audio Units effects and instruments.

• Bounce (mix down) all audio data, including instruments, effects and mix automation

settings, to stereo files for mastering or further processing.

• Work in real time: You can work on Logic Express projects in real time, adding to, and

editing audio and MIDI parts while the project is playing, and hearing the results of

your changes immediately.

• Use existing loop libraries: Logic Express directly supports Apple Loops files, and is

compatible with a wide variety of existing audio file types, including those created in

ReCycle.

• Locate and preview files easily: The Media area, part of the Logic Express interface,

provides powerful file browsing and search features, making it easy to locate audio

files and other supported file types.

About the Logic Express Documentation

Logic Express comes with various documents that will help you get started as well as

provide detailed information about the included applications.

• Logic Express User Manual: The onscreen user manual is a comprehensive document

that describes the Logic Express interface, commands, and menus and gives step-by-step

instructions for creating Logic Express projects and for accomplishing specific tasks. It

is written for users of all levels of experience. The user manual is available in

Logic Express Help (in Logic Express, choose Help > Logic Express Help).

• Exploring Logic Express: This booklet presents the basics of Logic Express in an easy,

approachable way. Each chapter presents major features and guides you in trying

things out. A PDF version of the printed manual is available in Logic Express Help (in

Logic Express, choose Help > Exploring Logic Express).

• Logic Express Control Surfaces Support: This onscreen manual describes the configuration

and use of control surfaces with Logic Express.

• Logic Express Instruments: This onscreen manual provides comprehensive instructions

for using the powerful collection of instruments included with Logic Express.

• Logic Express Effects: This onscreen manual provides comprehensive instructions for

using the powerful collection of effects included with Logic Express.

• Logic Express Working with Apogee Hardware: This onscreen manual describes the use

of Apogee hardware with Logic Express.

18 Preface Welcome to Logic Express

Additional Resources

Along with the documentation that comes with Logic Express, there are a variety of other

resources you can use to find out more.

Release Notes and New Features Documents

Each application offers detailed documentation that covers new or changed features and

functions. This documentation can be accessed in the following location:

• Click the Release Notes and New Features links in the application Help menu.

Logic Express Website

For general information and updates, as well as the latest news on Logic Express, go to:

• http://www.apple.com/logicexpress

Apple Service and Support Websites

For software updates and answers to the most frequently asked questions for all Apple

products, go to the general Apple Support webpage. You’ll also have access to product

specifications, reference documentation, and Apple and third-party product technical

articles.

• http://www.apple.com/support

For software updates, documentation, discussion forums, and answers to the most

frequently asked questions for Logic Express, go to:

• http://www.apple.com/support/logicexpress

For discussion forums for all Apple products from around the world, where you can search

for an answer, post your question, or answer other users’ questions, go to:

• http://discussions.apple.com

19Preface Welcome to Logic Express

Apple Logic Express 9 User manual

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