Apple Logic Express 8 User manual

Brand: Apple

Model: Logic Express 8

Category: Software manuals

Type: User manual

Logic Express 8

User Manual



Apple Inc.

Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be

copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent

of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by

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without the prior written consent of Apple may

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Note:

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Apple Inc.

1 Infinite Loop

Cupertino, CA 95014-2084

408-996-1010

www.apple.com

Apple, the Apple logo, Bonjour, Final Cut, Final Cut Pro,

FireWire, iMovie, iPod, iTunes, Jam Pack, Logic, Mac,

MacBook, Macintosh, Mac OS, PowerBook, QuickTime,

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only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a

recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with

regard to the performance or use of these products.

Contents

Preface 15 Logic Express 8: Documentation and Resources

Logic Express 8 Documentation Conventions

Logic Express Onscreen Help

Apple Websites

Chapter 1 19 An Introduction to Logic Express

Creating Music in Logic Express

The Basics: Projects and Regions

Chapter 2 27 Overview of the Logic Express Interface

A Tour of the Logic Express Interface

Common Features of Logic Express Windows

Interactions Between Arrange Window Areas

Using Logic Express Interface Elements

Using the Computer Keyboard

Chapter 3 59 Customizing Your Window Setup

Window Types

Opening and Closing Windows

Moving and Resizing Windows

Working at Different Hierarchy Levels

Selecting the Working Area

Zooming

Relationships Between Windows

Customizing the Transport Bar

Customizing the Arrange Window Toolbar

Hiding or Revealing the Inspector

Adjusting the Bar Ruler Display

Displaying Global Tracks

Using Screensets

Contents

Chapter 4 83 Setting Up Your System

Designing Your Music Production System

Connecting Your Audio and MIDI Devices

Using External MIDI Devices

Using External Audio Effects

Configuring Your Audio Hardware

Chapter 5 103 Navigating Your Project

103

Setting the Playhead Position

106

Using the Transport Buttons

107

Using Transport Key Commands

108

Using Cycle Mode

11 4

Using the Chase Events Function

11 6

Customizing the Transport Bar

Chapter 6 123 Working With Markers

12 4

Opening Marker Areas and Windows

12 5

Creating Markers

12 8

Selecting Markers

12 8

Deleting Markers

12 9

Naming Markers

131

Changing the Appearance of Marker Text

132

Editing Markers

13 4

Navigating With Markers

135

Customizing the Marker Display in the Marker List

Chapter 7 137 Working With Projects

137

Learning About Projects

13 9

Creating Projects

141

Opening Projects

143

Opening and Creating Projects Automatically

144

Importing Settings From Other Projects

145

Checking and Repairing Projects

146

Setting Project Properties

153

Managing Projects

155

Saving Projects

157

Closing and Quitting

Chapter 8 159 Basic Operations

159

Using the Mouse

160

Entering Numerical Values

161

Entering Text

162

Working With Key Commands

17 0

Working With Tools

Contents

176

Working With Help Tags

177

Using the Shortcut Menu

177

Selection Techniques

183

Working With the Clipboard

184

Undoing and Redoing Editing Operations

Chapter 9 187 Working With Tracks

189

Configuring the Track Header

190

Reclaiming Workspace Used by the Track Header

191

Creating Tracks and Channels

198

Deleting Tracks

198

Selecting Tracks

199

Rearranging Tracks

199

Naming Tracks

201

Assigning Tracks to Channels

203

Zooming Individual Tracks

204

Assigning Track Icons

205

Muting Tracks

207

Soloing Tracks

208

Record-Enabling Tracks

208

Freezing Tracks

212

Hiding Tracks

213

Protecting Tracks

214

Using Track Button Slide Activation

Chapter 10 215 Working With Instruments and Effects

216

A Quick Mixer and Channel Strip Primer

220

Inserting, Moving, and Removing Plug-ins

228

Loading and Removing Entire Channel Strip Configurations

232

Using the Plug-in Window

235

Common Plug-in Window Functions

242

Using the Library to Choose Plug-in Settings

243

Learning About Effect Routings

247

Working With Instruments

260

Working With ReWire Applications

261

Working With External Audio Effects

262

Using Plug-ins From Other Manufacturers

Chapter 11 265 Adding Pre-Recorded Media

265

Supported File Formats

266

About Pre-Recorded Media Types Supported by Logic Express

267

Accessing Media Files in the Browser

273

Finding Apple Loops in the Loop Browser

Contents

281

Adding and Removing Audio Files

290

Adding MIDI and Project Files

Chapter 12 291 Getting to Know Regions

291

What Are Regions?

295

MIDI and Audio Regions Compared

296

Handling Regions in the Audio Bin and Sample Editor

Chapter 13 307 Creating Your Arrangement

309

Making Region Edits Faster and Easier

319

Selecting Regions

320 Selecting Parts of a Region

322 Adding and Recording Regions

322 Removing and Restoring Regions

324 Moving Regions

328 Resizing Regions

334 Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Regions

335 Adding or Removing Song Passages

339 Repeating Regions

346 Dividing, Demixing, and Merging Regions

354 Using Folders

358 Creating Crossfades and Fades on Audio Regions

362 Setting Region Parameters

Chapter 14 367 Recording in Logic Express

367 Recording Audio

367 A Quick Overview of the Recording Steps

368 Preparations for Recording

377 Setting Up Track Channels

379 Making an Audio Recording

390 Handling Audio Recordings

391 Creating Comps

394 Managing Take Folders

396 Recording MIDI

396 Recording MIDI Regions in Real Time

402 MIDI Step Input Recording

407 Using the Caps Lock Keyboard

Chapter 15 409 Introduction to MIDI Editing

410 Opening the Editors

412 Hearing MIDI Events When Editing

412 Editing MIDI Events in the Arrange Area

413 Monitoring and Resetting MIDI Events

Contents 7

Chapter 16 415 Editing MIDI Events in the Piano Roll Editor

415 Learning the Piano Roll Editor Interface

418 Creating and Editing Note Events

432 Splitting Chords

433 Using Hyper Draw

434 Customizing the Piano Roll Editor

435 Piano Roll Editor Shortcuts

Chapter 17 437 Editing MIDI in the Hyper Editor

439 Creating and Editing Events in the Hyper Editor

448 Working With Event Definitions

455 Working With Hyper Sets

Chapter 18 459 Editing MIDI Events in the Event List

460 Learning and Using the Event List Interface

463 Selecting and Creating Events

466 Editing Events

468 Deleting and Muting Events

469 Soloing and Renaming Regions or Folders

469 Learning About Event Types

475 The Event Float Window

Chapter 19 477 Quantizing MIDI Events

478 Quantizing Regions

483 Event and Note Quantization

485 Creating Groove Templates

Chapter 20 491 Editing MIDI Events in the Transform Window

492 Choosing and Using Transform Sets

501 Using the Transform Window Parameters

508 Creating Your Own Transform Sets

508 Importing Transform Sets From Other Projects

509 Usage Examples

Chapter 21 515 Editing Audio in the Sample Editor

516 Playing Audio Files

518 Navigating Audio Files

519 Changing the X and Y Axis Scales

521 Displaying the Waveform as Sample Bits

522 Making Selections

523 Copying, Pasting, Deleting, and Cutting

524 Destructive Audio Editing and Processing

529 Adjusting the Project Tempo

530 Sample Loop Functions

8 Contents

530 Undoing Editing Steps in the Sample Editor

531 Creating Manual Backups

533 Working With the Digital Factory

548 Using an External Sample Editor

Chapter 22 549 Removing Silent Passages From Audio Regions

549 How You Can Use Strip Silence

551 Using Strip Silence

Chapter 23 553 Adjusting the Tempo of Audio Regions

553 Automatic Tempo Matching

554 Setting the Project Tempo to Match an Audio Region

555 Time Stretching Regions

556 Using the Follow Tempo Function

Chapter 24 559 Managing Audio Files

559 Sorting, Grouping, and Renaming Files in the Audio Bin

564 Moving Audio Files

565 Copying or Converting Audio Files

566 Deleting Audio Files

567 Optimizing Audio Files

567 Saving Regions as Individual Audio Files

568 Exporting Tracks as Audio Files

569 Dealing With SDII Files

569 Finding and Replacing Orphaned Audio Files

Chapter 25 571 Mixing

573 Basic Mixing Steps

575 Channel Strip Elements

576 Setting Channel Strip Levels

579 Setting the Pan or Balance Control

580 Soloing and Muting Channels

582 Adding Effects: Using Inserts

582 Working With Sends

582 Working With Channel Strip Settings

583 Monitoring With Effect Plug-ins

583 Arming Channel Strips

583 Changing the Channel Input Format

583 Setting the Automation Mode

584 Handling Mixer Inputs and Outputs

584 Adjusting Elements of Multiple Channel Strips

586 Adjusting Channel Strips in Record or Playback Mode

587 Working With Groups

590 Channel Strip Types

Contents 9

598 Customizing the Mixer

603 Using the I/O Labels Window

Chapter 26 605 Working With Automation

606 Displaying Track Automation

609 Setting an Automation Mode

612 Writing Track Automation Data

613 Editing Track Automation in the Arrange Area

618 Editing Track Automation Data in an Event List

618 Writing Track Automation With External Controllers

620 Using Hyper Draw

624 Conversion of Automation Data

Chapter 27 625 Bouncing Your Project

626 Creating a Bounce

626 Routing Channels to an Output

627 Defining the Bounce Range

627 Using the Bounce Window

636 Setting the Bounce File Name and Folder

637 Bouncing and POW-r Dithering

Chapter 28 639 Creating Apple Loops

640 Creating Apple Loops in Logic Express

642 Creating Apple Loops in the Apple Loops Utility

643 Converting ReCycle Files into Apple Loops

644 Adding Apple Loops to the Loop Browser

645 Global Tracks and Apple Loops

647 Converting Apple Loops to Audio Files

648 Apple Loops and Sample Rates

Chapter 29 649 Project and File Interchange

650 Sharing Logic Express Data Over a Network

654 Backing Up Audio Files

655 Backing Up and Sharing Projects

656 Working With Standard MIDI Files

659 Importing GarageBand Projects

660 Working With OMF Files

661 Working With OpenTL Files

663 Opening, Importing, and Exporting AAF Files

664 Importing and Exporting Final Cut Pro XML Files

665 Exporting Regions

665 Exporting Tracks as Audio Files

10 Contents

Chapter 30 667 Advanced Tempo Operations

667 Tempo Display

668 Using the Tempo Track

672 Recording Tempo Changes

673 Adjusting the Tempo to Fit Audio Regions

673 Using the Tempo List

676 Using the Tempo Operations Window

679 Using the Tempo Interpreter

681 Using the Tempo Fader

Chapter 31 683 Beat Mapping Regions

684 Beat Mapping With MIDI Regions

686 Beat Mapping With Audio Regions

687 Beats From Region

688 Beat Mapping to Scene Markers

688 Beat Mapping to Markers

Chapter 32 689 Transposition With the Chord and Transposition Tracks

690 How MIDI Events and Apple Loops Are Transposed

691 Creating and Editing Transposition and Chord Events

693 Analyzing MIDI Regions

Chapter 33 695 Working With Notation

696 Learning About the Score Editor

702 Entering Notes and Symbols in the Score Editor

702 Real Time MIDI Recording

703 Step Input

704 Mouse Input (Using the Part Box)

707 Using Hyper Draw in the Score Editor

708 Working With the Part Box

711 Learning About Part Box Groups

721 Editing Notes and Symbols: Basic Operations

721 Using the Shortcut Menu

721 Changing Several Objects Simultaneously

722 Deleting Objects From the Score Editor

723 Moving or Copying Objects With the Mouse

726 Working With Aliases in the Score Editor

727 Changing the Graphical Position of Objects

728 Resizing Notes and Symbols

729 Editing Notes and Symbols: Advanced Operations

729 Editing Notes

735 Creating and Inserting Rests

736 Editing Clefs

Contents 11

738 Editing Slurs and Crescendi

740 Editing Repeat Signs and Bar Lines

742 Working With Text

742 Inserting Text

744 Editing Text

745 Using Musical Symbol Fonts

745 Learning About Text Styles

746 Working With Text Styles

747 Working With Global Text

749 Working With Automatic Text Objects

749 Creating Lyrics

751 Creating Chord Symbols

755 Working With Time and Key Signatures

756 Creating Time Signatures

757 Creating Key Signatures

757 Selecting Signatures

758 Copying Signatures

759 Editing Signatures

759 Deleting Signatures

760 Creating and Choosing Signature Alternatives

761 Transcribing MIDI Recordings

762 Default Settings for New MIDI Regions

763 Selecting Multiple Regions in the Score Editor

763 Display Parameters

769 Hidden MIDI Regions

769 Using Note Attributes to Change Individual Notes

775 Working With Staff Styles

796 Using Score Sets to Create Scores and Parts

804 Printing the Score

804 Preparing the Score Layout for Printing

808 Printing the Score

809 Exporting the Score as a Graphic File

809 Preparing the Export

809 Exporting the Score

810 Customizing the Score Editor’s Appearance

810 Choosing a Color Mode

810 Displaying Folders

811 Displaying Global Tracks

811 Displaying Instrument Names

811 Project Settings for Score Display

812 Global Score Settings

816 Numbers & Names

820 Guitar Tab

12 Contents

824 Clefs & Signatures

826 Layout

828 MIDI Meaning

830 Colors

832 Score Preferences

Chapter 34 835 Working With Video

836 Using the Movie Window

837 Using the Video Track

838 Working With Scene Markers

839 Creating Scene Markers

840 Handling QuickTime Movie Audio Tracks

841 Video Project Settings

843 Video Preferences

Chapter 35 845 Synchronizing Logic Express

846 The Synchronization Master and Slave Relationship

846 Using External Synchronization

849 Synchronization Project Settings

859 Displaying and Using SMPTE Positions

861 MIDI Machine Control

863 Synchronization Problems and Solutions

Chapter 36 865 Working With Plug-in Latencies

865 About Latency

866 Working With the Low Latency Mode

867 Working With Plug-in Delay Compensation

Chapter 37 871 Working With Split Channel Audio File Formats

871 Importing Split Channel Files

872 Working With Split Stereo Files

873 Exporting Split Channel Files

Chapter 38 875 Working in the Environment

876 Using the Environment

876 An Introduction to the Environment

877 Working With Layers

880 Customizing the Environment Display

882 Working With Objects

886 The MIDI Signal Path

893 Common Environment Object Parameters

895 Exchanging Environments

899 The Environment Objects

899 Standard Instruments

Contents 13

901 Multi Instruments

907 Mapped Instruments

911 GM Mixer

914 MMC Record Buttons

914 Keyboard

915 Monitor Object

915 Channel Splitter Object

916 Arpeggiator

918 Transformer Object

923 Delay Line Object

924 Voice Limiter Object

925 Chord Memorizer Object

927 Touch Tracks Object

930 Physical Input and Sequencer Input Objects

932 MIDI Click Object

933 Internal Objects

934 Alias

935 Ornament

936 Macros

938 Faders

957 Channel Strip Objects

Chapter 39 961 Project Settings and Preferences

962 Saving Project Settings and Preferences

962 Project Settings

962 Synchronization Settings

963 Metronome Settings

965 Recording Settings

967 Tuning Settings

973 Audio Settings

974 MIDI Settings

975 Score Project Settings

975 Video Project Settings

975 Assets Project Settings

976 Preferences

976 Global Preferences

981 Audio Preferences

987 MIDI Preferences

990 Display Preferences

993 Score Preferences

993 Video Preferences

993 Automation Preferences

994 Control Surfaces Preferences

14 Contents

994 Sharing Preferences

Appendix 995 Learning More, Service, and Support

996 AppleCare Service and Support Information

Glossary 997

Index 1029

Preface

Logic Express 8: Documentation

and Resources

Logic Express 8 offers an extensive documentation collection

that will help you to learn and make full use of all application

features.

Further information about Logic Express, including data on updated versions and

support texts, can be found on the Apple web site.

Logic Express 8 ships with the following documentation:

Â Logic Express 8 User Manual: This book is the final arbiter on all things in

Logic Express, and covers all areas of the program in detail, with the exception of

plug-ins.

Â Logic Express 8 Getting Started: This book is designed to quickly get you up and

running with Logic Express.

Â Logic Express 8 Control Surfaces Support: This document covers the use of control

surfaces with Logic Express 8.

Â Logic Express 8 Working With Apogee Hardware: This document covers the use of

Apogee hardware in Logic Express 8.

Â Logic Express 8 Instruments and Effects: This book covers the use of all Logic Express

effect and instrument plug-ins. It does not cover the application-specific use of plug-

ins—only the plug-in functions, parameters, and usage are discussed.

Â Late-Breaking News: This document is published online and may be updated as new

versions of Logic Express 8 are released, or new information becomes available

Important: All topics described in this manual were accurate at the date of writing. For

up to date information on changes or additions made after writing, please refer to the

Late-Breaking News document in the Logic Express Help menu, and to the Update Info,

included with each Logic Express update.

16 Preface Logic Express 8: Documentation and Resources

Logic Express 8 Documentation Conventions

The following section introduces you to conventions used throughout the

Logic Express 8 documentation.

Menu Functions

For functions that can be reached via hierarchical menus, the different menu levels are

illustrated as follows: Menu > Menu entry > Function.

Important Entries

Some text will be shown as follows:

Important: Information on function or parameter.

These entries discuss a key concept or technical information that should, or must, be

followed or taken into account. Please pay special attention to these entries.

Notes

Some sections provide additional information or tips that will assist your use of

Logic Express. These are displayed as shown below:

Note: Information on function or parameter.

Key Commands

Many Logic Express functions can be activated or accessed with key commands—

computer keyboard shortcuts. The key commands mentioned in this guide are based

on the standard key command set.

Tips

A number of shortcuts, alternative methods, or general working tips are included

throughout the documentation. These may help your workflow, or provide additional

information on other uses for functions. Tips are shown as below:

∏ Tip: Information on function or parameter.

Warnings

A few warning messages are included for functions that are destructive, and could

result in irretrievable data loss, or could cause damage to your equipment. Warnings

are displayed as follows:

Please pay special attention to these entries, as they can save you from making costly

mistakes.

Warning: Information on function or parameter.

Preface Logic Express 8: Documentation and Resources 17

Logic Express Onscreen Help

The Logic Express Help incorporates the Logic Express 8 user documentation in

electronic form. These documents have the advantage of being at your fingertips

whenever you need them, and are searchable, making it quick to find the information

you need.

Â The Logic Express Help menu also provides additional features, including direct

access to the Logic Express pages on the Apple website.

Â A comprehensive bookmark list allows you to quickly choose (and tag) what you

want to see, and navigates to the resource when the link is clicked.

Late-Breaking News

This document is published online and may be updated as new versions of

Logic Express 8 are released, or new information becomes available.

To check for recent updates, choose Late-Breaking News from the Help menu. The Late-

Breaking News PDF file is downloaded. If Safari is the default web browser for your

system, the Late-Breaking News PDF file is displayed directly in Safari. Other web

browsers may not have the ability to display PDF files directly, in which case the PDF

file is downloaded to the default download location.

Apple Websites

There are a variety of discussion boards, forums, and educational resources related to

Logic Express on the web.

Logic Express Websites

The following websites provide general information, updates, and support information

for Logic Express, as well as the latest news, resources, and training materials.

For information about Logic Express go to:

http://www.apple.com/support/logicexpress

For information on Apple Training Programs go to:

http://www.apple.com/training

To provide comments and feedback to Apple about Logic Express, go to the Apple

discussion forums:

http://discussions.apple.com/category.jspa?categoryID=156

18 Preface Logic Express 8: Documentation and Resources

Apple Service and Support Website

This is the place to go for software updates and answers to the most frequently asked

questions for all Apple products, including Logic Express. You’ll also have access to

product specifications, reference documentation, plus Apple and third-party product

technical articles.

To access Apple’s Service and Support web page:

m Open your Internet browser, and type in http://www.apple.com/support.

Other Websites

Â http://www.apple.com: Start at the Apple home page to find the latest information

on Apple products.

Â http://www.apple.com/quicktime: QuickTime is Apple’s industry-standard technology

for handling video, sound, animation, graphics, text, music, and 360-degree virtual

reality (VR) scenes. QuickTime provides a high level of performance, compatibility,

and quality for digital video delivery. Go to the QuickTime website for information on

the types of media supported, a tour of the QuickTime interface, specifications, and

more.

Â http://www.apple.com/firewire: FireWire is one of the fastest peripheral standards

ever developed, which makes it great for use with multimedia peripherals, such as

audio interfaces, video camcorders, and the latest high-speed hard disk drives. Visit

this website for information on the benefits of FireWire technology, FireWire software

information, and details on third-party FireWire products.

Â http://www.apple.com/pro: This website provides news, information, and other

resources on seminars, events, and third-party tools used in web publishing,

document design and printing, CAD, music and audio, desktop movies, digital

imaging, modelling and animation, and the media arts.

Â http://store.apple.com: Go here to buy software, hardware, and accessories direct

from Apple. You can also find special promotions and deals that include third-party

hardware and software products.

1 An Introduction to Logic Express

Logic Express is a sophisticated, fully-featured audio and MIDI

application that provides all the tools you need to create

professional-quality music productions.

Logic Express allows you to record audio and MIDI, edit audio loops plus MIDI and

software instrument parts, add high-quality effects, and mix your music in stereo. The

final mix can be exported to a standard audio file, or burned to an audio CD or DVD

that can be played on any computer, home stereo, or imported into other applications

and devices.

Some of the things you can do with Logic Express include:

Â Record MIDI information via connected MIDI input devices, such as keyboards, and

play back this information via any connected MIDI device (such as a synthesizer

keyboard or module) or the integrated Logic Express software instruments.

Â Create, arrange, and edit MIDI projects, and print out musical notation via a printer

connected to your computer.

Â Digitally record acoustic and electric instruments, or vocal performances, into your

projects, and process these audio recordings with a huge array of built-in, real time

effects.

Â Make use of the integrated software instruments, including: Ultrabeat, ES1, ES2,

EXS24 mkII, over a dozen high-quality GarageBand instruments, or third-party Audio

Unit instruments.

Â Load projects or channel strips from GarageBand, and enhance them with the

additional processing and editing possibilities afforded by Logic Express.

Â Mix your MIDI and audio tracks, including effects and software instrument settings,

via a sophisticated total recall mix automation system. Logic Express includes high-

quality effects that you can use in your projects. You can also install and use third-

party Audio Unit effects and instruments.

Â Bounce (mix down) all audio data, including instruments, effects and mix automation

settings, to a stereo file for mastering or further processing.

20 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Logic Express

Â Work in real time: You can work on Logic Express projects in real time; adding to,

and editing audio and MIDI parts while the project is playing, and hearing the results

of your changes immediately.

Â Use existing loop libraries: Logic Express directly supports Apple Loops files, and is

compatible with a wide variety of existing audio file types, including those created in

ReCycle.

Â Locate and preview files easily: The Media area, part of the Logic Express interface,

provides powerful file browsing and search features, making it easy to locate audio

files and other supported file types.

Creating Music in Logic Express

Logic Express can be used in a variety of ways, ranging from the simple to the

incredibly sophisticated. The following section outlines a common workflow example

that many projects adhere to. The structure of this manual will follow this basic

workflow, where applicable.

Step 1: Creating a project

You begin working in Logic Express by creating a new project, or opening an existing

one.

A project file contains MIDI data recordings plus information about the audio and other

files used, including pointers to these files.

All files (audio, video, samples, and so on) can be saved in a project folder. All project

files are automatically placed into appropriate sub-folders within the project folder.

More detail can be found in “The Basics: Projects and Regions” on page 23.

Step 2: Creating and importing your musical material

Getting musical material into Logic Express can basically be broken down into two

methods:

Â Making new audio or MIDI data recordings (the latter can be played back through

either external MIDI synthesizers or software instruments).

Â Importing existing audio recordings (audio files, samples, loops) or MIDI (and other

file data) into your projects. You can import existing audio recordings by simply

dragging them from the Media area, shown at the right of the Arrange window.

Recordings are made through suitable MIDI or audio hardware that is connected to, or

installed in, your Macintosh.

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Apple Logic Express 8 User manual

Brand: Apple

Model: Logic Express 8

Category: Software manuals

Type: User manual

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Apple Logic Express 8 User manual

Apple Logic Express 8 User manual

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