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HPSS
Installation Guide
High Performance Storage System
Release 4.5
September 2002 (Revision 2)
2 September 2002 HPSS Installation Guide
Release 4.5, Revision 2
HPSS Installation Guide
Copyright (C) 1992-2002 International Business Machines Corporation, The Regents of the University of
California, Sandia Corporation, and Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Portions of this work were produced by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Labo-
ratory (LLNL) under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), by the Uni-
versity of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) under Contract No.
DEAC03776SF00098 with DOE, by the University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)
under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 with DOE, by Sandia Corporation, Sandia National Laboratories
(SNL) under Contract No. DEAC0494AL85000 with DOE, and Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corpora-
tion, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under Contract No. DE-AC05-96OR22464 with DOE. The
U.S. Government has certain reserved rights under its prime contracts with the Laboratories.
DISCLAIMER
Portions of this software were sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the Unit-
ed States, DOE, The Regents of the University of California, Sandia Corporation, Lockheed Martin Energy-
Research Corporation,nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any
liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, prod-
uct, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
Printed in the United States of America.
Printed in the United States of America.
HPSS Release 4.5
September 2002 (Revision 2)
High Performance Storage System is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
List of Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
List of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 1 HPSS Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................19
1.2 HPSS Capabilities......................................................................................................19
Network-centered Architecture.............................................................................19
High Data Transfer Rate........................................................................................20
Parallel Operation Built In ....................................................................................20
A Design Based on Standard Components............................................................20
Data Integrity Through Transaction Management................................................20
Multiple Hierarchies and Classes of Services.......................................................20
Storage Subsystems...............................................................................................21
Federated Name Space..........................................................................................21
1.3 HPSS Components ....................................................................................................21
HPSS Files, Filesets, Volumes, Storage Segments and Related Metadata ...........22
HPSS Core Servers................................................................................................25
HPSS Storage Subsystems ....................................................................................29
HPSS Infrastructure...............................................................................................31
HPSS User Interfaces............................................................................................33
HPSS Management Interface ................................................................................35
HPSS Policy Modules ...........................................................................................35
1.4 HPSS Hardware Platforms.......................................................................................37
Client Platforms.....................................................................................................37
Server and Mover Platforms..................................................................................38
Chapter 2 HPSS Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.1 Overview.....................................................................................................................39
HPSS Configuration Planning...............................................................................39
Purchasing Hardware and Software ......................................................................41
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HPSS Operational Planning ..................................................................................42
HPSS Deployment Planning .................................................................................43
2.2 Requirements and Intended Usages for HPSS .......................................................43
Storage System Capacity.......................................................................................43
Required Throughputs...........................................................................................44
Load Characterization ...........................................................................................44
Usage Trends.........................................................................................................44
Duplicate File Policy.............................................................................................44
Charging Policy.....................................................................................................44
Security..................................................................................................................45
Availability............................................................................................................46
2.3 Prerequisite Software Considerations.....................................................................46
Overview ...............................................................................................................46
Prerequisite Summary for AIX..............................................................................50
Prerequisite Summary for IRIX ............................................................................50
Prerequisite Summary for Solaris..........................................................................51
Prerequisite Summary for Linux and Intel............................................................52
2.4 Hardware Considerations.........................................................................................53
Network Considerations........................................................................................53
Tape Robots...........................................................................................................54
Tape Devices.........................................................................................................56
Disk Devices..........................................................................................................57
Special Bid Considerations ...................................................................................57
2.5 HPSS Interface Considerations................................................................................58
Client API..............................................................................................................58
Non-DCE Client API.............................................................................................58
FTP........................................................................................................................59
Parallel FTP...........................................................................................................59
NFS........................................................................................................................59
MPI-IO API...........................................................................................................60
DFS........................................................................................................................61
XFS........................................................................................................................62
2.6 HPSS Server Considerations....................................................................................62
Name Server..........................................................................................................62
Bitfile Server .........................................................................................................63
Disk Storage Server...............................................................................................64
Tape Storage Server ..............................................................................................64
Migration/Purge Server.........................................................................................65
Gatekeeper.............................................................................................................68
Location Server .....................................................................................................70
PVL .......................................................................................................................70
PVR .......................................................................................................................71
Mover ....................................................................................................................72
Logging Service ....................................................................................................77
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Metadata Monitor..................................................................................................77
NFS Daemons........................................................................................................77
Startup Daemon.....................................................................................................78
Storage System Management................................................................................79
HDM Considerations.............................................................................................79
Non-DCE Client Gateway.....................................................................................81
2.7 Storage Subsystem Considerations..........................................................................81
2.8 Storage Policy Considerations..................................................................................81
Migration Policy....................................................................................................82
Purge Policy ..........................................................................................................84
Accounting Policy and Validation ........................................................................85
Security Policy ......................................................................................................87
Logging Policy ......................................................................................................89
Location Policy......................................................................................................89
Gatekeeping...........................................................................................................90
2.9 Storage Characteristics Considerations..................................................................91
Storage Class.........................................................................................................93
Storage Hierarchy................................................................................................101
Class of Service...................................................................................................102
File Families........................................................................................................105
2.10 HPSS Sizing Considerations...................................................................................105
HPSS Storage Space............................................................................................106
HPSS Metadata Space.........................................................................................106
System Memory and Disk Space.........................................................................132
2.11 HPSS Performance Considerations.......................................................................135
DCE.....................................................................................................................136
Encina..................................................................................................................136
Workstation Configurations ................................................................................137
Bypassing Potential Bottlenecks .........................................................................137
Configuration.......................................................................................................138
FTP/PFTP............................................................................................................138
Client API............................................................................................................139
Name Server........................................................................................................139
Location Server ...................................................................................................139
Logging ...............................................................................................................140
MPI-IO API.........................................................................................................140
Cross Cell ............................................................................................................141
DFS......................................................................................................................141
XFS......................................................................................................................141
Gatekeeping.........................................................................................................142
2.12 HPSS Metadata Backup Considerations...............................................................142
Rules for Backing Up SFS Log Volume and MRA Files ...................................143
Rules for Backing Up SFS Data Volumes and TRB Files..................................143
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Miscellaneous Rules for Backing Up HPSS Metadata .......................................144
Chapter 3 System Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.1 General.....................................................................................................................145
3.2 Setup Filesystems.....................................................................................................146
DCE.....................................................................................................................146
Encina..................................................................................................................147
HPSS ...................................................................................................................147
3.3 Planning for Encina SFS Servers...........................................................................147
AIX......................................................................................................................148
Solaris..................................................................................................................148
3.4 Setup for HPSS Metadata Backup.........................................................................149
3.5 Setup Tape Libraries and Drives...........................................................................149
IBM 3584 ............................................................................................................149
3494.....................................................................................................................150
STK .....................................................................................................................151
AML....................................................................................................................151
Tape Drive Verification.......................................................................................152
3.6 Setup Disk Drives ....................................................................................................155
AIX......................................................................................................................155
Linux ...................................................................................................................157
Solaris & IRIX.....................................................................................................158
3.7 Setup Network Parameters.....................................................................................158
HPSS.conf Configuration File.............................................................................162
SP/x Switch Device Buffer Driver Buffer Pools.................................................174
3.8 Install and Configure Java and hpssadm..............................................................175
Introduction .........................................................................................................175
Installing Java......................................................................................................181
Configuring SSL..................................................................................................183
Configuring the Java Security Policy File...........................................................186
Setting up the Client Authorization File..............................................................188
Setting up the hpssadm Keytab File....................................................................189
Securing the Data Server and Client Host Machines ..........................................190
Updating Expired SSL Certificates.....................................................................191
Background Information .....................................................................................191
3.9 Setup Linux Environment for XFS........................................................................194
Apply the HPSS Linux XFS Patch......................................................................194
Create the DMAPI Device ..................................................................................195
3.10 Setup Linux Environment for Non-DCE Mover..................................................195
3.11 Verify System Readiness.........................................................................................196
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Chapter 4 HPSS Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
4.1 Overview...................................................................................................................205
Distribution Media ..............................................................................................205
Installation Packages...........................................................................................205
Installation Roadmap...........................................................................................206
4.2 Create Owner Account for HPSS Files .................................................................207
4.3 Installation Target Directory Preparation............................................................207
4.4 Install HPSS Package on a Node............................................................................207
AIX Installation...................................................................................................207
Solaris Installation...............................................................................................208
IRIX Installation..................................................................................................209
Linux Installation ................................................................................................209
4.5 Post Installation Procedures...................................................................................209
Verify HPSS Installed Files ................................................................................209
Remake HPSS .....................................................................................................210
Set Up Sammi License Key.................................................................................213
Chapter 5 HPSS Infrastructure Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
5.1 Overview...................................................................................................................215
Infrastructure Road Map .....................................................................................215
5.2 Verify the Prerequisite Software............................................................................215
5.3 Define the HPSS Environment Variables .............................................................216
hpss_env.default..................................................................................................216
hpss_env_defs.h ..................................................................................................221
5.4 Configure the HPSS Infrastructure on a Node.....................................................240
5.5 Using the mkhpss Utility.........................................................................................241
Configure HPSS with DCE.................................................................................242
Configure Encina SFS Server..............................................................................243
Manage SFS Files................................................................................................244
Setup FTP Daemon .............................................................................................244
Setup Startup Daemon.........................................................................................244
Add SSM Administrative User............................................................................244
Start Up SSM Servers/User Session....................................................................245
Re-run hpss_env() ...............................................................................................245
Un-configure HPSS.............................................................................................245
5.6 Customize DCE Keytabs Files................................................................................246
Chapter 6 HPSS Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
6.1 Overview...................................................................................................................249
HPSS Configuration Roadmap............................................................................249
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HPSS Configuration Limits.................................................................................250
Using SSM for HPSS Configuration...................................................................251
Server Reconfiguration and Reinitialization.......................................................252
6.2 SSM Configuration and Startup............................................................................252
SSM Server Configuration and Startup...............................................................253
SSM User Session Configuration and Startup ....................................................253
6.3 Global Configuration..............................................................................................255
Configure the Global Configuration Information ...............................................255
Global Configuration Variables ..........................................................................256
6.4 Storage Subsystems Configuration........................................................................259
Storage Subsystem Configuration Variables.......................................................260
6.5 Basic Server Configuration ....................................................................................262
Configure the Basic Server Information .............................................................263
6.6 HPSS Storage Policy Configuration......................................................................279
Configure the Migration Policies ........................................................................280
Configure the Purge Policies...............................................................................285
Configure the Accounting Policy........................................................................289
Configure the Logging Policies...........................................................................293
Configure the Location Policy ............................................................................300
Configure the Remote Site Policy.......................................................................303
6.7 HPSS Storage Characteristics Configuration.......................................................305
Configure the Storage Classes.............................................................................305
Configure the Storage Hierarchies ......................................................................315
Configure the Classes of Service.........................................................................318
File Family Configuration...................................................................................322
6.8 Specific Server Configuration................................................................................323
Bitfile Server Specific Configuration..................................................................324
DMAP Gateway Specific Configuration.............................................................329
Gatekeeper Specific Configuration .....................................................................331
Log Client Specific Configuration ......................................................................333
Log Daemon Specific Configuration ..................................................................336
Metadata Monitor Specific Configuration ..........................................................339
Migration Purge Server Specific Configuration..................................................341
Mover Specific Configuration.............................................................................345
Configure the Name Server Specific Information...............................................354
NFS Daemon Specific Configuration..................................................................357
Non-DCE Client Gateway Specific Configuration .............................................367
Configure the PVL Specific Information............................................................370
Configure the PVR Specific Information............................................................373
Configure the Storage Server Specific Information............................................394
6.9 Configure MVR Devices and PVL Drives.............................................................401
Device and Drive Configuration Variables.........................................................405
Supported Platform/Driver/Tape Drive Combinations .......................................411
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Recommended Settings for Tape Devices...........................................................411
Chapter 7 HPSS User Interface Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
7.1 Client API Configuration .......................................................................................413
7.2 Non-DCE Client API Configuration......................................................................415
Configuration Files..............................................................................................415
Environment Variables........................................................................................416
Authentication Setup...........................................................................................418
7.3 FTP Daemon Configuration...................................................................................422
7.4 NFS Daemon Configuration...................................................................................431
The HPSS Exports File........................................................................................432
Examples .............................................................................................................433
Files .....................................................................................................................434
7.5 MPI-IO API Configuration....................................................................................434
7.6 HDM Configuration................................................................................................435
Introduction .........................................................................................................435
Filesets.................................................................................................................436
Configuration.......................................................................................................444
Chapter 8 Initial Startup and Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
8.1 Overview...................................................................................................................463
8.2 Starting the HPSS Servers......................................................................................463
8.3 Unlocking the PVL Drives......................................................................................465
8.4 Creating HPSS Storage Space................................................................................465
8.5 Create Additional HPSS Users...............................................................................465
8.6 Creating File Families.............................................................................................465
8.7 Creating Filesets and Junctions .............................................................................465
8.8 Creating HPSS directories......................................................................................466
8.9 Verifying HPSS Configuration...............................................................................466
Global Configuration...........................................................................................466
Storage Subsystem Configuration.......................................................................466
Servers.................................................................................................................466
Devices and Drives..............................................................................................466
Storage Classes....................................................................................................467
Storage Hierarchies .............................................................................................467
Classes of Service................................................................................................467
File Families, Filesets, and Junctions..................................................................468
User Interfaces.....................................................................................................468
Operational Checklist..........................................................................................468
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Performance.........................................................................................................469
The Global Fileset File........................................................................................469
Appendix A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
Appendix B References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Appendix C Developer Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Appendix D Accounting Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
D.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................491
D.2 Site Accounting Requirements...............................................................................491
D.3 Processing of HPSS Accounting Data....................................................................491
D.4 Site Accounting Table.............................................................................................493
D.5 Account Apportionment Table...............................................................................493
D.6 Maintaining and/or Modifying the Account Map................................................494
D.7 Accounting Reports.................................................................................................494
D.8 Accounting Intervals and Charges ........................................................................495
Appendix E Infrastructure Configuration Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
E.1 AIX Infrastructure Configuration Example.........................................................497
E.2 AIX Infrastructure Un-Configuration Example..................................................509
E.3 Solaris Infrastructure Configuration Example....................................................511
E.4 Solaris Infrastructure Un-Configuration Example..............................................522
Appendix F Additional SSM Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
F.1 Using the SSM Windows.........................................................................................525
F.2 SSM On-line Help....................................................................................................527
F.3 Viewing SSM Session Information ........................................................................527
F.4 Customizing SSM and Sammi................................................................................528
F.5 Detailed Information on Setting Up an SSM User...............................................531
F.6 Non-standard SSM Configurations.......................................................................532
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Appendix G High Availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
G.1 Overview...................................................................................................................535
Architecture.........................................................................................................536
G.2 Planning....................................................................................................................537
Before You Begin................................................................................................537
HACMP Planning Guide.....................................................................................537
G.3 System Preparation.................................................................................................545
Physically set up your system and install AIX....................................................545
Mirror rootvg.......................................................................................................545
Diagram the Disk Layout ....................................................................................546
Plan Shared File Systems ....................................................................................546
Mirror Shared JFS logs........................................................................................547
Connect Robotic Tape Libraries..........................................................................547
G.4 Initial Install and Configuration for HACMP......................................................548
Install HACMP....................................................................................................548
Setup the AIX Environment for HACMP...........................................................548
Initial HACMP Configuration.............................................................................549
Configure DCE, SFS, and HPSS.........................................................................558
G.5 Configure HA HPSS................................................................................................558
HA HPSS Scripts.................................................................................................558
Finish the HACMP Configuration ......................................................................561
Define HA HPSS Verification Method...............................................................564
Setup Error Notification......................................................................................565
crontab Considerations........................................................................................567
G.6 Monitoring and Maintenance.................................................................................568
clstat.....................................................................................................................568
G.7 Metadata Backup Considerations..........................................................................569
G.8 Using Secure Shell (ssh)..........................................................................................569
G.9 Important Information ...........................................................................................570
G.10 Routine HA Operations ..........................................................................................570
Startup the Cluster...............................................................................................570
Shutdown the Cluster ..........................................................................................571
Verify the Cluster................................................................................................572
Synchronize the Cluster.......................................................................................572
Move a Resource Group......................................................................................574
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
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List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Migrate and Stage Operations ............................................................................. 24
Figure 1-2 Relationship of HPSS Data Structures ................................................................ 25
Figure 1-3 The HPSS System ............................................................................................... 26
Figure 2-1 The Relationship of Various Server Data Structures .......................................... 63
Figure 2-2 Relationship of Class of Service, Storage Hierarchy, and Storage Class ............ 93
Figure 6-1 HPSS Health and Status Window ..................................................................... 252
Figure 6-2 HPSS Logon Window ....................................................................................... 255
Figure 6-3 HPSS Global Configuration screen ................................................................... 256
Figure 6-4 Storage Subsystem Configuration window ....................................................... 260
Figure 6-5 HPSS Servers Window ...................................................................................... 264
Figure 6-6 Basic Server Configuration Window ................................................................ 265
Figure 6-7 Migration Policy Configuration Window .......................................................... 282
Figure 6-8 Purge Policy Window ........................................................................................ 287
Figure 6-9 Accounting Policy Window .............................................................................. 290
Figure 6-10 HPSS Logging Policies Window ...................................................................... 295
Figure 6-11 Logging Policy Window ................................................................................... 299
Figure 6-12 Location Policy Window ................................................................................... 301
Figure 6-13 Remote HPSS Site Configuration Window ....................................................... 304
Figure 6-14 Disk Storage Class Configuration Window ...................................................... 306
Figure 6-15 Tape Storage Class Configuration Window ...................................................... 307
Figure 6-16 Storage Subsystem-Specific Thresholds window ............................................. 313
Figure 6-17 Storage Hierarchy Configuration Window ........................................................ 316
Figure 6-18 Class of Service Configuration Window ........................................................... 319
Figure 6-19 File Family Configuration Window .................................................................. 322
Figure 6-20 Bitfile Server Configuration Window ............................................................... 325
Figure 6-21 DMAP Gateway Configuration Window .......................................................... 330
Figure 6-22 Gatekeeper Server Configuration window ........................................................ 332
Figure 6-23 Logging Client Configuration Window ............................................................ 334
Figure 6-24 Logging Daemon Configuration Window ......................................................... 337
Figure 6-25 Metadata Monitor Configuration window ......................................................... 340
Figure 6-26 Migration/Purge Server Configuration Window ............................................... 342
Figure 6-27 Mover Configuration window ........................................................................... 346
Figure 6-28 Name Server Configuration Window ................................................................ 355
Figure 6-29 NFS Daemon Configuration Window (left side) .............................................. 359
Figure 6-30 NFS Daemon Configuration window (right side) ............................................. 360
Figure 6-31 Non-DCE Client Gateway Configuration Window ........................................... 368
Figure 6-32 PVL Server Configuration Window .................................................................. 371
Figure 6-33 3494 PVR Server Configuration Window ......................................................... 374
Figure 6-34 3495 PVR Server Configuration Window ......................................................... 375
Figure 6-35 3584 LTO PVR Server Configuration Window ................................................ 376
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Figure 6-36 AML PVR Server Configuration Window ........................................................ 377
Figure 6-37 STK PVR Server Configuration Window ......................................................... 378
Figure 6-38 STK RAIT PVR Server Configuration Window ............................................... 379
Figure 6-39 Operator PVR Server Configuration Window .................................................. 380
Figure 6-40 Disk Storage Server Configuration Window ..................................................... 396
Figure 6-41 Tape Storage Server Configuration Window .................................................... 397
Figure 6-42 HPSS Devices and Drives Window .................................................................. 403
Figure 6-43 Disk Mover Device and PVL Drive Configuration Window ............................ 404
Figure 6-44 Tape Mover Device and PVL Drive Configuration Window ........................... 405
Figure 7-1 DFS/HPSS XDSM Architecture ....................................................................... 438
Figure H-1 HA HPSS Architecture ...................................................................................... 536
Figure H-2 Adding a Cluster Definition .............................................................................. 550
Figure H-3 Adding Cluster Nodes ....................................................................................... 551
Figure H-4 Adding an IP-based Network ............................................................................ 552
Figure H-5 Adding a Non IP-based Network ...................................................................... 552
Figure H-6 Adding an Ethernet Boot Adapter ..................................................................... 554
Figure H-7 Adding an Ethernet Standby Adapter ................................................................ 554
Figure H-8 Adding an Ethernet Service Adapter ................................................................. 555
Figure H-9 Adding a Serial Adapter .................................................................................... 555
Figure H-10 Adding a Resource Group ................................................................................. 556
Figure H-11 Configuring a Resource Group .......................................................................... 557
Figure H-12 Adding an Application Server ........................................................................... 562
Figure H-13 Adding an Application Server to a Resource Group ......................................... 563
Figure H-14 Adding a Custom Verification Method ............................................................. 564
Figure H-15 Configuring AIX Error Notification .................................................................. 566
Figure H-16 Configuring Cluster Event Notification ............................................................ 567
Figure H-17 sample output from ‘clstat -a’ ........................................................................... 568
Figure H-18 Starting Cluster Services ................................................................................... 571
Figure H-19 Verifying the Cluster ......................................................................................... 572
Figure H-20 Moving a Resource Group ................................................................................ 574
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List of Tables
Table 1-1 HPSS Client Interface Platforms ......................................................................... 37
Table 2-1 Cartridge/Drive Affinity Table ............................................................................ 56
Table 2-2 Gatekeeping Call Parameters .............................................................................. 90
Table 2-3 Suggested Block Sizes for Disk .......................................................................... 98
Table 2-4 Suggested Block Sizes for Tape .......................................................................... 99
Table 2-5 HPSS Dynamic Variables (Subsystem Independent) ........................................ 122
Table 2-6 HPSS Dynamic Variables (Subsystem Specific) .............................................. 123
Table 2-7 HPSS Static Configuration Values .................................................................... 125
Table 2-8 Paging Space Info .............................................................................................. 135
Table 3-1 Network Options ............................................................................................... 161
Table 3-2 PFTP Client Stanza Fields ................................................................................. 163
Table 3-3 PFTP Client Interfaces Stanza Fields ................................................................ 166
Table 3-4 Multinode Table Stanza Fields .......................................................................... 168
Table 3-5 Realms to DCE Cell Mappings Stanza Fields ................................................... 169
Table 3-6 Network Options Stanza Fields ......................................................................... 171
Table 4-1 Installation Package Sizes and Disk Requirements ........................................... 206
Table 6-1 Global Configuration Variables ........................................................................ 256
Table 6-2 Storage Subsystem Configuration Variables ..................................................... 260
Table 6-3 Basic Server Configuration Variables ............................................................... 266
Table 6-4 Migration Policy Configuration Variables ........................................................ 283
Table 6-5 Purge Policy Configuration Variables ............................................................... 288
Table 6-6 Accounting Policy Configuration Variables ..................................................... 291
Table 6-7 Logging Policies List Configuration Variables ................................................. 295
Table 6-8 Logging Policy Configuration Variables .......................................................... 299
Table 6-9 Location Policy Configuration Variables .......................................................... 301
Table 6-10 Remote HPSS Site Configuration Fields ........................................................... 304
Table 6-11 Storage Class Configuration Variables ............................................................. 308
Table 6-12 Storage Subsystem-Specific Thresholds Variables ........................................... 314
Table 6-13 Storage Hierarchy Configuration Variables ...................................................... 317
Table 6-14 Class of Service Configuration Variables ......................................................... 319
Table 6-15 Configure File Family Variables ....................................................................... 323
Table 6-16 Bitfile Server Configuration Variables .............................................................. 326
Table 6-17 DMAP Gateway Configuration Variables ........................................................ 330
Table 6-18 Gatekeeper Configuration Fields ....................................................................... 332
Table 6-19 Log Client Configuration Variables .................................................................. 334
Table 6-20 Log Daemon Configuration Variables .............................................................. 338
Table 6-21 Metadata Monitor Configuration Variables ...................................................... 341
Table 6-22 Migration/Purge Server Configuration Variables ............................................. 343
Table 6-23 Mover Configuration Variables ......................................................................... 346
Table 6-24 IRIX System Parameters ................................................................................... 351
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Table 6-25 Solaris System Parameters ................................................................................ 352
Table 6-26 Linux System Parameters .................................................................................. 353
Table 6-27 Name Server Configuration Variables .............................................................. 356
Table 6-28 NFS Daemon Configuration Variables ............................................................. 361
Table 6-29 Non-DCE Client Gateway Configuration Variables ......................................... 368
Table 6-30 Physical Volume Library Configuration Variables ........................................... 372
Table 6-31 Physical Volume Repository Configuration Variables ..................................... 380
Table 6-32 Storage Server Configuration Variables ............................................................ 397
Table 6-33 Device/Drive Configuration Variables .............................................................. 405
Table 6-35 Recommended Settings for Tape Devices ......................................................... 411
Table 6-34 Supported Platform/Driver/Tape Drive Combinations ..................................... 411
Table 7-1 Parallel FTP Daemon Options ........................................................................... 423
Table 7-2 Banner Keywords .............................................................................................. 428
Table 7-3 Directory Export Options .................................................................................. 432
Table 7-4 LogRecordMask Keywords ............................................................................... 451
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Preface
Conventions Used in This Book
Example commands that should be typed at a command line will be proceeded by a percent sign
(‘%’) and be presented in a boldface courier font:
% sample command
Names of files, variables, and variable values will appear in a boldface courier font:
Sample file, variable, or variable value
Any text preceded by a pound sign (‘#’) should be considered shell script comment lines:
# This is a comment
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HPSS Installation Guide September 2002 19
Release 4.5, Revision 2
Chapter 1 HPSS Basics
1.1 Introduction
The High Performance Storage System (HPSS) is software that provides hierarchical storage
management and services for very large storage environments. HPSS may be of interest in
situations having present and future scalability requirements that are very demanding in terms of
total storage capacity, file sizes, data rates, number of objects stored, and numbers of users. HPSS
is part of an open, distributed environment based on OSF Distributed Computing Environment
(DCE) products that form the infrastructure of HPSS. HPSS is the result of a collaborative effort by
leading US Government supercomputer laboratories and industry to address very real, very urgent
high-end storage requirements. HPSS is offered commercially by IBM Worldwide Government
Industry, Houston, Texas.
HPSS provides scalable parallel storage systems for highly parallel computers aswell as traditional
supercomputers and workstation clusters. Concentrating on meeting the high end of storage
system and data management requirements, HPSS isscalable and designedto store up to petabytes
(10
15
) of data and to use network-connected storage devices to transfer data at rates up to multiple
gigabytes (10
9
) per second.
HPSS provides a large degree of control for the customer site to manage their hierarchical storage
system. Using configuration information defined by the site, HPSS organizes storage devices into
multiple storage hierarchies. Based on policy information defined by the site and actual usage
information, data are then moved to the appropriate storage hierarchy and to appropriate levels in
the storage hierarchy.
1.2 HPSS Capabilities
A central technical goal of HPSS is to move large files between storage devices and parallel or
clustered computers at speeds many times faster than today’s commercial storage system software
products, and to do this in a way that is more reliable and manageable than is possible with current
systems. In order to accomplish this goal, HPSS is designed and implemented based on the
concepts described in the following subsections.
1.2.1 Network-centered Architecture
The focus of HPSS is the network, not a single server processor as in conventional storage systems.
HPSS provides servers and movers that can be distributed across a high performance network to
Chapter 1 HPSS Basics
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Release 4.5, Revision 2
provide scalability and parallelism. The basis for this architecture is the IEEE Mass Storage System
Reference Model, Version 5.
1.2.2 High Data Transfer Rate
HPSS achieves high data transfer rates by eliminating overhead normally associated with data
transfer operations. In general, HPSS servers establish transfer sessions but are not involved in
actual transfer of data.
1.2.3 Parallel Operation Built In
The HPSS Application Program Interface (API) supports parallel or sequential access to storage
devices by clients executing parallel or sequential applications. HPSS also provides a Parallel File
Transfer Protocol. HPSS can even manage data transfers in a situation where the number of data
sources and destination are different. Parallel data transfer is vital in situations that demand fast
access to very large files.
1.2.4 A Design Based on Standard Components
HPSS runs on UNIX with no kernel modifications and is written in ANSI C and Java. It uses the
OSF Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) and Encina from Transarc Corporation as the
basis for its portable, distributed, transaction-based architecture. These components are offered on
many vendors’ platforms. Source code is available to vendors and users for porting HPSS to new
platforms. HPSS Movers and the Client API have been ported to non-DCE platforms. HPSS has
been implemented on the IBM AIX and Sun Solaris platforms. In addition, selected components
have been ported to other vendor platforms. The non-DCE Client API and Moverhave been ported
to SGI IRIX, while the Non-DCE Client API has also been ported to Linux. Parallel FTP client
software has been ported to a number of vendor platforms and is also supported on Linux. Refer
to Section 1.4: HPSS Hardware Platforms on page 37 and Section 2.3: Prerequisite Software
Considerations on page 46 for additional information.
1.2.5 Data Integrity Through Transaction Management
Transactional metadata management and Kerberos security enable a reliable design that protects
user data both from unauthorized use and from corruption or loss. A transaction is an atomic
grouping of metadata management functions that either take place together, or none of them take
place. Journaling makes it possible to back out any partially complete transactions if a failure
occurs. Transaction technology is common in relational data management systems but not in
storage systems. HPSS implements transactions through Transarc’s Encina product. Transaction
management is the key to maintaining reliability and security while scaling upward into a large
distributed storage environment.
1.2.6 Multiple Hierarchies and Classes of Services
Most other storage management systems support simple storage hierarchies consisting of one kind
of disk and one kind of tape. HPSS provides multiple hierarchies, which are particularly useful
when inserting new storage technologies over time. As new disks, tapes, or optical media are
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