3com 10014299 User manual

http://www.3com.com/

3Com Router

Configuration Guide

Published March 2004

Part No. 10014299

3Com Corporation

350 Campus Drive

Marlborough, MA

01752-3064

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GETTING STARTED 1

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT 33

INTERFACE 121

LINK LAYER PROTOCOL 183

NETWORK PROTOCOL 335

ROUTING 423

MULTICAST 517

SECURITY 543

VPN 615

RELIABILITY 665

QOS 681

DIAL-UP 721

ABOUT THIS GUIDE

This guide describes 3Com routers and how to configure them.

Conventions Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide.

Table 1 Notice Icons

Table 2 Text Conventions

Icon Notice Type Description

Information note Information that describes important features or

instructions.

Caution Information that alerts you to potential loss of data

or potential damage to an application, system, or

device.

Warning Information that alerts you to potential personal

injury.

Convention Description

Screen displays This typeface represents information as it appears on the screen.

Keyboard key names If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key names are

linked with a plus sign (+), for example:

Press Ctrl+Alt+Del

The words “enter”

and type”

When you see the word “enter” in this guide, you must type

something, and then press Return or Enter. Do not press Return or

Enter when an instruction simply says “type.”

Words in italics Italics are used to:

Emphasize a point.

Denote a new term at the place where it is defined in the text.

Identify command variables.

Identify menu names, menu commands, and software button names.

Examples:

From the Help menu, select Contents.

Click OK.

Words in bold Boldface type is used to highlight command names. For example, “Use

the display user-interface command to...”

2 ABOUT THIS GUIDE

I

GETTING STARTED

Chapter 1 3Com Router Introduction

Chapter 2 3Com Router User Interface

4

1

3COM ROUTER INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes information on the following topics:

■ Overview of the 3Com Router System

■ Architecture of the 3Com Router

■ Features of the 3Com Router Version 1.10

■ New Features of the 3Com Router 1.x

Overview of the 3Com

Router System

The 3Com Router OS is the network operating system platform. With TCP/IP

protocol stack as the core, the 3Com Router integrates data communication

essentials such as routing technology, multicast technology, QoS technology, VPN

technology, security technology in the operating system and provides excellent

data transmission capability.

The 3Com Router can run on multiple hardware platforms with consistent

network interface, user interface and management interface, providing flexible

and multiple application solutions for users.

This manual describes features and functions of the 3Com Router 1.x system

software platform series of low end and middle range routers. In this manual the

3Com Router is also referred to as the 3Com Router 1.x software version. You

should make sure that the 3Com Router you use is operating with the software

version documented in this manual.

The software specification is different between various types of products. Product

specification related matters should be confirmed with the 3Com Technical

Support Department.

Architecture of the

3Com Router

With TCP/IP model as its reference, the 3Com Router implements data link layer,

network layer, and application layer protocols, as per the architecture shown in the

following diagram:

6 CHAPTER 1: 3COM ROUTER INTRODUCTION

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the 3Com Router architecture

Features of the 3Com

Router Version 1.10

The following table lists the basic features of the 3Com Router 1.x:

Table 3 List of the 3Com Router 1.x features

System

service

TCP/UDP

IP forwarding engine

Fast

forwarding

IP security

and firewall

QoS

assurance

Route policy

management

RIP OSPF BGP

FTP

HTTP

TELNET

VPN

PPP/SLIP

Configuration

management

Voice Service

......

Command

line

SNMP

Web

management

HDLC EthernetX.25Frame Relay

Attribute Description

Interconnection protocol LAN ■ Supports Ethernet_II and Ethernet_SNAP frame structure

■ Follows IEEE 802.2 and IEEE 802.3 regulations

WAN ■ Supports Frame Relay and Frame Relay switching

■ Supports FRoIP, FRoISDN

■ Supports Multi-link Frame Relay (MFR), FR compression

■ Supports FR Traffic Shaping (FRTS) to ensure even traffic over

the VCs on FR

■ Supports X.25 and X.25 switching, X.25 Over TCP (XOT)

■ Supports HDLC, SDLC and LAPB regulations

■ Supports SLIP, PPP and MP

■ Supports PPPoE Client

■ Supports ITU-T Q.921 and Q.931 regulations, ISDN (ITU-T

Q.921, Q.931) and ISDN semi-permanent connection

■ Supports bridging technology

Dial-up network ■ Manages Modem through the AT command and configures

script to dial up.

■ Supports dial demand Routing (dialer profiles and legacy

BDR)

■ Supports Callback (PPP callback and ISDN Calling Line

Identification callback)

■ Provides ISDN leased line, automatic dialing, and cyclic dial

queue backup

■ Provides Dial interface backup

VPN ■ Supports L2TP, implements VPDN (Supports DNIS user,

domain name user, and full name user)

■ Supports L3 channel protocol GRE

Features of the 3Com Router Version 1.10 7

Network protocol IP service ■ Supports ARP

■ Supports Static domain name resolution

■ Supports IP Address Unnumbered

■ Supports DHCP Server and DHCP relay

■ Supports VLAN

■ Supports IP Accounting

Non-IP service ■ Supports Novell IPX protocol, provide RIP and SAP to

maintain the database of Internetwork routes and service

information

■ Supports DLSw of SNA system, implementing SNA through

WAN transmission

IP performance ■ Supports IP fast forwarding

■ Supports Van Jacobson TCP message header compression

IP routing ■ Supports Static route management

■ Supports Dynamic route protocol

■ RIP-1/RIP-2

■ OSPF

■ BGP

■ Supports IP routing policy

■ Supports IP policy-based routing

Multicast routing ■ Supports Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

■ Supports Multicast routing protocol

■ PIM-DM

■ PIM-SM

Attribute Description

8 CHAPTER 1: 3COM ROUTER INTRODUCTION

Network security Authentication,

Authorization and

Accounting (AAA)

service

■ Provides PPP and login user authentication

■ Supports RADIUS, provides RADIUS

authentication/accounting

■ Provides local authentication

■ Supports CHAP and PAP authentication

Firewall ■ Supports standard access control list

■ Supports extended access control list

■ Supports interface-based access control list

■ Supports time segment based access control list

NAT ■ Supports the users in LAN to access external networks by

using the IP address in a configured address pool.

■ Supports to configure relationship between access control

list and address pool.

■ Supports to configure relationship between access control

list and interface.

■ Supports the host of external network to access the internal

server

■ Supports to configure valid period for address translation

Data security ■ Supports terminal access security (user classification

protection, user login authentication)

■ Supports IPSec, provides tunnel and transmission

encapsulation modes and supports AH and ESP security

authentication

■ Supports network data encryption card and provide IPSec

encryption/decryption

■ Supports IKE, automatically negotiates on security key and

create the security federation

Network reliability Backup center ■ Can back up any physical interface or sub-interface on the

router and an X.25 or frame relay virtual circuit on the

interface as well.

■ Barring the Ethernet interface, any physical interfaces or

virtual interface templates on the router can be used as

backup interfaces. An X.25 or frame relay virtual circuit on

the interface or a dialer route on the dial interface can be

used as backup interface as well.

■ Provides multiple backup interfaces for one main interface.

These backup interfaces will be used according to their

priorities.

■ Backs up multiple main interfaces of the interfaces with

multiple physical channels

■ Supports to configure the conditions to switch the

main/standby interfaces

Hot backup ■ Supports VRRP

Attribute Description

Features of the 3Com Router Version 1.10 9

Quality of service

(QoS)

Traffic classification

and flow control

■ Supports CAR (Committed Access Speed) and packet

priority, monitoring the network traffic entering ISP

■ Supports LR (Line Rate of physical interface) to limit the total

speed of packet transmission on physical interface

Traffic shaping ■ Uses buffer and token bucket to support general traffic

shaping (GTS).

Congestion

management

■ Supports FIFO (first-in-first-out queue)

■ Supports PQ (priority queue)

■ Supports CQ (customization queue)

■ Supports WFQ (Weighted Fair queue)

Congestion

Avoidance

■ Supports WRED (Weighted Random Early Detection),

implementing flow-based congestion avoidance

Configuration

management

Terminal server

Command line

interface

■ Prompts provide information in English

■ Prompt command line hierarchical protection, to ensure that

the unauthorized users cannot access the router.

■ Prompt Detailed debugging information, helpful for

diagnosis of network faults

■ Provides network test tools such as tracert and ping

commands, to quickly diagnose whether the network is

normal.

■ Info-center loghost configuration

Terminal service ■ Performs local or remote configuration via the console port,

asynchronous serial port, X.25 PAD, Telnet and Reverse

Telnet etc.

■ Logs on the UNIX host via Rlogin

■ Configures router via the dumb terminal service

■ Provides dumb terminal service via PRI port

■ Supports the send function and provide the information

interaction between terminal subscribers

■ Terminal access via asynchronous serial port

■ Supports dial-up POS and network POS accessing based on

the shared POS access technology, which improves card

account processing

System

Management

■ Supports to upload and download programs/configuration

files via FTP

■ Supports to upload and download programs/configuration

files via TFTP

■ Supports on-line upgrade of the cards.

Network

management

■ Supports SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

■ Supports RMON (Remote Monitor)

Attribute Description

10 CHAPTER 1: 3COM ROUTER INTRODUCTION

New Features of the

3Com Router 1.x

New features have been added to the 3Com Router1.10.

Support New Interfaces E3 and CE3 Interfaces

Both E3 and E1 are part of the ITU-T digital carrier architecture and are used in

most regions beyond North America. The data transmission speed of E3 is

34.368

Mbps and the line code is HDB3. E3/CE3 interfaces support the link layer

protocols including PPP, HDLC, Frame Relay, LAPB, and X.25, as well as the

network protocol such as IP. Similar to E1/CE1, E3/CE3 interfaces can work in two

operating modes, namely, E3 mode and CE3 mode.

■ When working in E3 mode, an E3/CE3 interface is a timeslot-less interface of

the bandwidth of 34.368 Mbps.

■ When working in CE3 mode, it can multiplex/demultiplex 16 channels of E1

signals. The E3-to-E1 multiplexing is compliant with the G.751 and G.742

provisions of ITU-T. In addition, each E1 interface can be divided into 32

timeslots.

E1-F/T1-F Interface

E1-F and T1-F interfaces refer to the fractional E1 and T1 interfaces, which are

equivalent to the simplified CE1/PRI and CT1/PRI interfaces. In essence, they are a

low-cost approach to E1/T1 access. In a simple E1 or T1 access application

requiring neither division of multiple channel groups nor ISDN PRI, either the E1-F

or T1/F interface will be a good choice.

Null Interface

The functions of the Null interface are similar to those of null devices supported by

many operating systems. It is always in UP status, but cannot forward data packets

or configure IP addresses or encapsulate other protocols. Null interface is a virtual

interface with software characteristics. Any network data packet sent to this

interface will be dropped.

FRoIP and FRoISDN Frame Relay over IP

As IP networks have gained wider acceptance, Frame Relay (FR) applications have

relied on IP networks for data communication and interconnection between

networks. FRoIP technology enables IP networks to carry FR data by establishing a

GRE tunnel across the IP network to connect the two FR networks at both ends of

the IP network.

Frame Relay over ISDN

Frame Relay over ISDN provides a method for accessing the Frame Relay network

based on ISDNs and the related devices. This shortens the time for users to access

and lowers the cost of leased lines.

The Frame Relay over ISDN is mainly used in the following two aspects:

■ The simplest application is to take Frame Relay over ISDN as the main

communications method. That is, all the routers support Frame Relay over

ISDN, and the individual routers can directly access the Frame Relay networks

(without TA adapters) to communicate.

New Features of the 3Com Router 1.x 11

■ Combined with BDR, Frame Relay over ISDN can be taken as the backup

communication method for Frame Relay.

Multilink Frame Relay The Multilink Frame Relay (MFR) feature introduces functionality based on the

Frame Relay Forum Multilink Frame Relay UNI/NNI Implementation Agreement

(FRF.16). This feature provides a cost-effective way to increase bandwidth for

particular applications by enabling multiple serial links to be aggregated into a

single bundle of bandwidth. MFR is supported on User-to-Network Interfaces (UNI)

and Network-to-Network Interfaces (NNI) in Frame Relay networks.

FR Compression FR compression technology is used to compress the FR packets for the purpose of

effectively saving the network bandwidth and decreasing the network load, and

hence to implement data transmission over FR networks with high efficiency.

3Com Routers follow the FRF.9 standard for FR compression. FR compression can

achieve a significant effect on a FR line with low bandwidth. FR interfaces fall into

two categories, namely, point-to-point interface and multipoint interface.

Bridge Bridges are a type of network devices that connect LANs at the data link layer for

data transmission among them. For some small or remote networks, a bridge can

reduce the network maintenance cost and free the network terminal subscribers

from making special settings for the devices. In addition, its network connection is

no difference from a HUB.

3Com Routers support transparent bridging and are compatible with IEEE 802.1d.

The routers support the STP and bridging functions defined in IEEE 802.1d and

support bridging on the links encapsulated with PPP, HDLC, X.25, or Frame Relay,

as well as bridging on VLAN sub-interfaces and BDR. Furthermore, the routers can

implement multi-port binding and load sharing.

IP Count IP count implements accounting on the incoming and outgoing packets as well as

the packets denied by the firewall on the routers. When implementing IP count,

whether the packets match the count list rules and whether the packets are

denied by the firewall, are two standards by which the router sorts the

bidirectional packets for count. When making data statistics, both the number of

packets and the total bytes are recorded.

Virtual Router

Redundancy Protocol

(VRRP)

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a fault tolerant protocol. Normally,

the default route set for a host in a network takes the GW route of the network as

the next hop. Through the default route, the host can carry out the

communications with the external networks. If the GW route fails to work, all the

hosts that take it as the next hop on the segment will be unable to communicate

with the outside. VRRP can fulfill the router redundancy by assigning multiple

routers into a router group. Thus, whenever a member fails to work, a backup

router will take up the work of the failed router and thus can ensure the normal

communications between the hosts on the network and the outside.

12 CHAPTER 1: 3COM ROUTER INTRODUCTION

2

3COM ROUTER USER INTERFACE

This chapter includes information on the following topics:

■ Establish Configuration Environment

■ Command Line Interface (CLI)

■ User Identity Management

■ Basic Configuration and Management of the System

Establish

Configuration

Environment

The 3Com Router 1.x supports local and remote configuration, and the

configuration environment can be established in the following ways:

Local Configuration

Environment via Console

Port

The local configuration environment can be established via the console port

(configuration interface).

1 As shown in Figure 2, the local configuration environment can be established via

the console port just by connecting the serial port of the computer with the

console port of the router via a standard RS-232 cable.

Figure 2 Establish a local configuration environment via configuration interface

On 3Com modular routers the CONSOLE port and AUX port are on the front of

the unit, while other ports are on the rear of the unit. The above diagram shows

the rear of the unit. For details, please refer to the 3Com Installation Guide.

2 Run a terminal emulator application such as HyperTerminal of Win9X on the

computer to establish a new connection. Select an RS-232 serial port on the

computer, set the terminal communication baudrate parameters as 9600 bps, 8

data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and no flow control, and select the terminal

emulation type as VT100, as shown in the following diagram (“HyperTerminal”

setting interface in Windows 9X).

port

Cable

Console interface

(

Configuration

RS-232 serial

Configuration interface (Console)

interface)

Router

Workstation

port

Cable

Console interface

(

Configuration

RS-232 serial

Configuration interface (Console)

interface)

Workstation

RS-232 serial

Configuration interface (Console)

interface)

Workstation

RS-232 serial

Configuration interface (Console)

interface)

Workstation

14 CHAPTER 2: 3COM ROUTER USER INTERFACE

Figure 3 Establish a new connection

Figure 4 Select the computer serial port for actual connection

Establish Configuration Environment 15

Figure 5 Set port communication parameters

Figure 6 Select terminal emulation type

3 Power on the router to display the self-test information of the router. Press Enter

after the self-test to display the prompt “Username:” and “password:”. Type in

the correct username and the password, then enter the system view of Router.

16 CHAPTER 2: 3COM ROUTER USER INTERFACE

4 Enter the command to configure the router or view the running status of the

router. Enter “?” to get help when necessary. For details of specific commands,

please refer to the following chapters.

Remote Configuration

Environment via Async

Serial Port

The router powers on, then creates a remote configuration environment by

connecting to the asynchronous serial ports of the router (including

synchronous/asynchronous serial port, AUX interface, i.e., auxiliary interface, etc.)

via modem dial-up. Detailed below is the description on how to establish a remote

configuration environment via asynchronous serial port, with AUX interface as an

example.

To establish a remote configuration environment via an asynchronous serial port of

the router, pre-configure it to flow mode. For specific setting method, please refer

to the Terminal Service chapter in this manual.

The modem connected to the asynchronous serial interface should be set to

auto-answer mode.

1 As shown in Figure 7, connect a modem to computer serial port and another

modem to the routers asynchronous serial port (AUX interface in the diagram).

Figure 7 Establish a remote configuration environment

2 Run a terminal emulator application, such as HyperTerminal of Win9X, on the

computer to establish a new connection. Select the RS-232 serial port on the

computer for actual connection; set the terminal communication parameters to

9600 baud rate, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, no flow control or hardware flow

control, and select the terminal emulation type as VT100, the same as the

connection established via the console port.

3 Before powering on the router, power on its external modem. Initialize the router

via AT command, and then dial on the remote computer to establish a connection

with the router, as shown in the following figure.

Tel No.660000

Modem

Workstation

AUX interface

PSTN

Router

RS-232

Serial port

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