ABB Relion 670 series Application Manual

Brand: ABB

Model: Relion 670 series

Type: Application Manual

This manual is also suitable for

RELION 650 SERIES

Relion

670/650 SERIES

Communication set-up, 670/650 series

Version 2.2

Application Guide

Document ID: 1MRK 505 382-UEN

Issued: May

2019

Revision: E

Product version: 2.2

This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written

permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party, nor

used for any unauthorized purpose.

The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and may

be used or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license.

This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL

Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/) This product includes cryptographic software written/

developed by: Eric Young ([email protected]) and Tim Hudson ([email protected]).

Trademarks

ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group. All other brand or product names

mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective

holders.

Warranty

Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative.

Disclaimer

The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or product

description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties. All persons

responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must satisfy themselves that

each intended application is suitable and acceptable, including that any applicable safety or

other operational requirements are complied with. In particular, any risks in applications where

a system failure and/or product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons

(including but not limited to personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the

person or entity applying the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby requested to

ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks.

This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be completely ruled

out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested to notify the manufacturer.

Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in no event shall ABB be responsible or

liable for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this manual or the application of the

equipment.

Conformity

This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities on the

approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility

(EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified

voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests

conducted by ABB in accordance with the product standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive,

and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive. The

product is designed in accordance with the international standards of the IEC 60255 series.

Table of contents

Section 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................5

1.1 This manual......................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Intended audience............................................................................................................................. 5

1.3 Product documentation................................................................................................................... 5

1.3.1 Product documentation set........................................................................................................ 5

1.3.2 Document revision history...........................................................................................................6

1.3.3 Related documents........................................................................................................................7

1.4 Document symbols and conventions.............................................................................................9

1.4.1 Symbols........................................................................................................................................... 9

1.4.2 Document conventions................................................................................................................ 9

Section 2 Telecommunication networks and line differential protection..................11

2.1 Overview............................................................................................................................................. 11

2.2 Telecommunication network types.............................................................................................. 11

2.3 Telecommunication networks with symmetric or fixed routes..............................................12

2.3.1 Maximum time deviation between internal clocks............................................................... 13

2.3.1.1 Setting the maximum time deviation...................................................................................13

2.3.1.2 Reference clock deviation from the set maximum time deviation................................ 14

2.3.2 Longer route switching interruptions .................................................................................... 15

2.3.3 Detecting accumulated time delay changes with echo timing.......................................... 15

Section 3 Common time synchronization....................................................................... 17

3.1 Design of the time system (clock synchronization).................................................................. 17

3.2 Time synchronization using a built-in GPS receiver..................................................................18

3.3 Time synchronization using IRIG-B...............................................................................................19

Section 4 Analog and binary signal transfer for line differential protection.............21

4.1 Communication channels for line differential protection........................................................21

4.2 Communication between channels via Line data communication module......................... 22

4.3 Configuration of analog signals....................................................................................................22

4.3.1 Configuration of analog inputs................................................................................................ 23

4.3.2 Configuration of output signals...............................................................................................24

4.4 Configuration of redundant channels......................................................................................... 25

4.5 Link forwarding................................................................................................................................ 27

4.6 Configurations with power transformers in the protected zone.......................................... 28

4.6.1 Line differential protection L3CPDIF, L6CPDIF, LT3CPDIF, LT6CPDIF..............................28

4.6.1.1 Power transformers in the protected zone........................................................................ 28

4.6.2 Line differential protection L4CPDIF...................................................................................... 30

4.6.2.1 Possible configurations..........................................................................................................30

4.7 Setting examples..............................................................................................................................31

4.7.1 Line differential protection L3CPDIF, L6CPDIF, LT3CPDIF, LT6CPDIF.............................. 31

4.7.2 Line differential protection L4CPDIF...................................................................................... 40

Table of contents

Communication set-up, 670/650 series 1

Application Guide

4.7.2.1 Setting example with a two-end power line ......................................................................40

4.8 Configuration of binary signals.................................................................................................... 44

4.8.1 Operation principle..................................................................................................................... 44

4.8.2 Configuration of binary inputs and outputs......................................................................... 45

4.8.2.1 Configuration of binary inputs and outputs via ACT........................................................45

4.8.2.2 Configuration of binary inputs and outputs via SMT....................................................... 46

4.8.3 Binary output signals..................................................................................................................49

4.8.4 Setting guidelines........................................................................................................................52

4.8.5 Settings......................................................................................................................................... 56

Section 5 Communication set-up.................................................................................... 61

5.1 Communication alternatives......................................................................................................... 61

5.2 Communication channels...............................................................................................................61

5.3 Fibre-optic communication interfaces with C37.94 protocol.................................................63

5.4 Galvanic X.21 line data communication (X.21-LDCM)................................................................66

5.4.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................66

5.4.2 Design............................................................................................................................................66

5.4.3 Functionality.................................................................................................................................68

5.4.4 Technical data.............................................................................................................................. 69

5.4.5 Communication via built-in X.21 galvanic interface............................................................. 69

5.4.5.1 Service settings for the line differential protection IED with X.21 galvanic

interface.....................................................................................................................................70

5.4.5.2 PDH telecommunication via C37.94 interface to external transceiver C37.94-X.21....70

5.5 PDH telecommunication via C37.94 interface to transceiver 21-216.....................................70

5.5.1 Communication requirements..................................................................................................70

5.5.2 Communication structure via C37.94 interface to transceiver 21-216.............................. 71

5.5.3 Setting up transceiver 21–216....................................................................................................71

5.5.4 Power-up and LED statuses with transceiver 21–216........................................................... 73

5.5.5 Service settings............................................................................................................................74

5.5.5.1 Service settings for the line differential protection IED.................................................. 74

5.5.5.2 Service settings for transceiver 21–216................................................................................75

5.5.6 Earthing......................................................................................................................................... 75

5.5.7 Communication structure for laboratory testing.................................................................76

5.6 PDH/SDH telecommunication via C37.94 interface to transceiver 21-219 .......................... 77

5.6.1 Communication requirements.................................................................................................. 77

5.6.2 Communication structure with transceiver 21-219 port synchronized from SDH

master clock..................................................................................................................................77

5.6.3 Communication structure with PDH/SDH port synchronized from transceiver

21-219..............................................................................................................................................78

5.6.4 Setting up transceiver 21–219...................................................................................................80

5.6.5 Power-up and LED statuses with transceiver 21–219...........................................................82

5.6.6 Service settings........................................................................................................................... 83

5.6.6.1 Service settings for the line differential protection IED.................................................. 83

5.6.6.2 Service settings for transceiver 21–219............................................................................... 83

5.6.7 Earthing.........................................................................................................................................84

5.6.8 Communication structure for laboratory testing.................................................................84

5.7 Communication status and fault tracing................................................................................... 84

Table of contents

2 Communication set-up, 670/650 series

Application Guide

5.7.1 Communication status on the line differential protection IED......................................... 84

5.7.2 Detecting communication faults on transceiver 21-216......................................................88

5.7.3 Detecting communication faults on transceiver 21-219......................................................88

5.7.4 Detecting communication faults through loop-back testing............................................ 89

Section 6 Appendix............................................................................................................ 91

6.1 Sample specification of communication requirements...........................................................91

Table of contents

Communication set-up, 670/650 series 3

Application Guide

Section 1 Introduction

1.1 This manual

GUID-AB423A30-13C2-46AF-B7FE-A73BB425EB5F v19

This manual contains application examples for the set-up of the communication software and

hardware. The manual is covering functionality that may not be available in the customers'

actual product.

1.2 Intended audience

GUID-C9B8127F-5748-4BEA-9E4F-CC762FE28A3A v11

This manual addresses the personnel responsible for commissioning, maintenance and taking

the IED in and out of normal service.

The commissioning personnel must have a basic knowledge of handling electronic equipment.

The commissioning and maintenance personnel must be well experienced in using protection

equipment, test equipment, protection functions and the configured functional logics in the

IED.

1.3 Product documentation

1.3.1 Product documentation set

GUID-3AA69EA6-F1D8-47C6-A8E6-562F29C67172 v16

IEC07000220-4-en.vsd

Application manual

Operation manual

Installation manual

Engineering manual

Communication

protocol manual

Cyber security

deployment guideline

Technical manual

Commissioning manual

IEC07000220 V4 EN-US

Figure 1: The intended use of manuals throughout the product lifecycle

1MRK 505 382-UEN E Section 1

Introduction

Communication set-up, 670/650 series 5

Application Guide

The engineering manual contains instructions on how to engineer the IEDs using the various

tools available within the PCM600 software. The manual provides instructions on how to set

up a PCM600 project and insert IEDs to the project structure. The manual also recommends a

sequence for the engineering of protection and control functions, as well as communication

engineering for IEC 61850.

The installation manual contains instructions on how to install the IED. The manual provides

procedures for mechanical and electrical installation. The chapters are organized in the

chronological order in which the IED should be installed.

The commissioning manual contains instructions on how to commission the IED. The manual

can also be used by system engineers and maintenance personnel for assistance during the

testing phase. The manual provides procedures for the checking of external circuitry and

energizing the IED, parameter setting and configuration as well as verifying settings by

secondary injection. The manual describes the process of testing an IED in a substation which

is not in service. The chapters are organized in the chronological order in which the IED should

be commissioned. The relevant procedures may be followed also during the service and

maintenance activities.

The operation manual contains instructions on how to operate the IED once it has been

commissioned. The manual provides instructions for the monitoring, controlling and setting of

the IED. The manual also describes how to identify disturbances and how to view calculated

and measured power grid data to determine the cause of a fault.

The application manual contains application descriptions and setting guidelines sorted per

function. The manual can be used to find out when and for what purpose a typical protection

function can be used. The manual can also provide assistance for calculating settings.

The technical manual contains operation principle descriptions, and lists function blocks, logic

diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data, sorted per

function. The manual can be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase,

installation and commissioning phase, and during normal service.

The communication protocol manual describes the communication protocols supported by

the IED. The manual concentrates on the vendor-specific implementations.

The point list manual describes the outlook and properties of the data points specific to the

IED. The manual should be used in conjunction with the corresponding communication

protocol manual.

The cyber security deployment guideline describes the process for handling cyber security

when communicating with the IED. Certification, Authorization with role based access control,

and product engineering for cyber security related events are described and sorted by

function. The guideline can be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase,

installation and commissioning phase, and during normal service.

1.3.2 Document revision history

GUID-34B323E4-1319-4D42-80CE-29B0F2D36E2C v2

Document

revision

Date Product revision History

- 2017–05 2.2.0 First release for product version 2.2

A 2017–10 2.2.1 Ethernet ports with RJ45 connector added.

B 2018–03 2.2.1 Document enhancements and corrections

Table continues on next page

Section 1 1MRK 505 382-UEN E

Introduction

6 Communication set-up, 670/650 series

Application Guide

Document

revision

Date Product revision History

C 2018–06 2.2.2 Technical data updated for PSM. Case dimensions

updated.

D 2018–11 2.2.3 Functions CHMMHAI, VHMMHAI, DELVSPVC,

DELISPVC and DELSPVC added. Updates/

enhancements made to ZMFPDIS, ZMFCPDIS,

CCRBRF, REALCOMP, PTRSTHR and FNKEYMDx.

Ordering section updated.

2019-0

2.2.3 PTP enhancements and corrections

1.3.3 Related documents

GUID-94E8A5CA-BE1B-45AF-81E7-5A41D34EE112 v7

Documents related to REB670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 505 370-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 505 372-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 505 373-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 505 371-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 505 373-TEN

Documents related to REC670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 511 401-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 511 403-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 511 404-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 511 402-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 511 404-TEN

Documents related to RED670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 505 376-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 505 378-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 505 379-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 505 377-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 505 379-TEN

Documents related to REG670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 502 071-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 502 073-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 502 074-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 502 072-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 502 074-TEN

1MRK 505 382-UEN E Section 1

Introduction

Communication set-up, 670/650 series 7

Application Guide

Documents related to REL670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 506 369-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 506 371-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 506 372-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 506 370-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 506 372-TEN

Documents related to RET670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 504 163-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 504 165-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 504 166-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 504 164-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 504 166-TEN

Documents related to RES670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 511 407-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 511 409-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 511 410-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 511 408-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 511 410-TEN

Documents related to RER670 Document numbers

Application manual 1MRK 506 375-UEN

Commissioning manual 1MRK 506 377-UEN

Product guide 1MRK 506 378-BEN

Technical manual 1MRK 506 376-UEN

Type test certificate 1MRK 506 378-TEN

670 series manuals Document numbers

Operation manual 1MRK 500 127-UEN

Engineering manual 1MRK 511 398-UEN

Installation manual 1MRK 514 026-UEN

Communication protocol manual, DNP3 1MRK 511 391-UUS

Communication protocol manual, IEC 60870-5-103 1MRK 511 394-UEN

Communication protocol manual, IEC 61850 Edition 1 1MRK 511 392-UEN

Communication protocol manual, IEC 61850 Edition 2 1MRK 511 393-UEN

Communication protocol manual, LON 1MRK 511 395-UEN

Communication protocol manual, SPA 1MRK 511 396-UEN

Point list manual, DNP3 1MRK 511 397-UUS

Accessories guide 1MRK 514 012-BEN

Cyber security deployment guideline 1MRK 511 399-UEN

Table continues on next page

Section 1 1MRK 505 382-UEN E

Introduction

8 Communication set-up, 670/650 series

Application Guide

670 series manuals Document numbers

Connection and Installation components 1MRK 513 003-BEN

Test system, COMBITEST 1MRK 512 001-BEN

Application guide, Communication set-up 1MRK 505 382-UEN

1.4 Document symbols and conventions

1.4.1 Symbols

GUID-2945B229-DAB0-4F15-8A0E-B9CF0C2C7B15 v13

The electrical warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could

result in electrical shock.

The warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could result in

personal injury.

The caution hot surface icon indicates important information or warning about

the temperature of product surfaces.

The caution icon indicates important information or warning related to the

concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of a hazard which

could result in corruption of software or damage to equipment or property.

The information icon alerts the reader of important facts and conditions.

The tip icon indicates advice on, for example, how to design your project or

how to use a certain function.

Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, it is necessary to understand that

under certain operational conditions, operation of damaged equipment may result in

degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death. It is important that the

user fully complies with all warning and cautionary notices.

1.4.2 Document conventions

GUID-96DFAB1A-98FE-4B26-8E90-F7CEB14B1AB6 v8

• Abbreviations and acronyms in this manual are spelled out in the glossary. The glossary

also contains definitions of important terms.

• Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is presented by using the push button

icons.

For example, to navigate between the options, use

and .

• HMI menu paths are presented in bold.

For example, select Main menu/Settings.

• LHMI messages are shown in Courier font.

1MRK 505 382-UEN E Section 1

Introduction

Communication set-up, 670/650 series 9

Application Guide

For example, to save the changes in non-volatile memory, select Yes and press .

• Parameter names are shown in italics.

For example, the function can be enabled and disabled with the

Operation

setting.

• Each function block symbol shows the available input/output signal.

• the character ^ in front of an input/output signal name indicates that the signal

name may be customized using the PCM600 software.

• the character * after an input signal name indicates that the signal must be

connected to another function block in the application configuration to achieve a

valid application configuration.

• Dimensions are provided both in inches and millimeters. If it is not specifically mentioned

then the dimension is in millimeters.

Section 1 1MRK 505 382-UEN E

Introduction

10 Communication set-up, 670/650 series

Application Guide

Section 2 Telecommunication networks and

line differential protection

2.1 Overview

GUID-8EC49FAE-5EFE-4C17-AD2A-F1824B2518B4 v1

Telecommunication networks have two main application areas for multi-terminal line

differential protection IEDs with up to five line ends:

• Networks with symmetric or fixed routes using echo timing (back-to-back systems

included)

• Networks with unspecified route switching using accurate global time derived from the

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Echo timing can be used as a fall-back system in the latter application area if

the GPS reference is lost in one or more IEDs,

GUID-0C62EF3A-999C-4EEF-BE48-CC4DF1DCD8D9 v1

With networks using symmetric or fixed routes and echo timing, the internal clock in each local

line differential protection IED operates as a master and the internal clock in each remote line

differential protection IED operates as a slave. Time deviations between the internal clocks are

monitored continuously, and compensated for with echo messages between all ends at 40 ms

intervals over the telecommunication network. After start-up, it takes approximately 15

seconds to reach full synchronization of the internal clocks. Time deviation between the

internal clocks is compensated for to be within 1 μs of relative time.

The internal clock also functions as a real time clock for other protection and

monitoring functions such as event timing, but this is totally separate from the

line differential protection function.

With networks using unspecified route switching, reference for the internal clock comes from

global time provided by, for example, a built-in GPS receiver. The internal clock in each line

differential protection IED is thus set according to the GPS systems' global time. Inaccuracy

depends on the connection time to the GPS system. After start-up (cold start), a software

calibration procedure is carried out. After less than one hour, all internal clocks' real time

deviation from the global time has decreased to 1 μs.

There can be only one master clock in the telecommunication network for the synchronization

of multiplexers, transceivers and differential protection relays' communication modems. This

clock can also be a GPS clock but the telecommunication network synchronization is totally

separate from the line differential protection IED's internal clock synchronization.

2.2 Telecommunication network types

GUID-3AA2C8C6-62B7-42E4-AD80-0479BAFF21C6 v1

There are two main types of telecommunication networks used by electric power utilities:

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) networks and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)

networks (see Figure

2). These networks are mostly owned by the utilities, but it is also

possible to lease communication links from external companies.

1MRK 505 382-UEN E Section 2

Telecommunication networks and line differential protection

Communication set-up, 670/650 series 11

Application Guide

PDH networks are used with 64 kbit/s communication. Proper synchronization of PDH

networks must be available so that hey can be used with protection applications. SDH

networks are used with 2 Mbit/s communication.

SDH networks ≥ 2 Mbit/s

PDH networks ≤ 2 Mbit/s

ATM/IP networks ≥ 622 Mbit/s

Other networks ≥ X Gbit/s

PDH = Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

SDH = Synchrono us Digital Hierarchy

IEC07000240-1-en.vsdx

PDH/SDH networks are most commonly

used for utility communication

IED

IEC07000240 V1 EN-US

Figure 2: Telecommunication networks for electric power utilities

2.3 Telecommunication networks with symmetric or fixed

routes

GUID-36D8D02D-E63A-4DFC-83C0-1C37708390AD v1

It is possible to use networks with fixed routes where symmetric time delay is applied, or

networks with fixed route switching where both directions have a symmetric time delay even

after route switching has been performed. In these types of networks, different channel delay

times are automatically compensated for, and echo timing can be used. If a fixed route has

specified asymmetry, this can be compensated for by using the

AsymDelay

parameter.

The maximum interruption time for route switching and echo timing (for example when a

communication channel is lost) without affecting the synchronization of internal clocks is 2 s.

The protection function gets blocked for the duration of the interruption. The 2 s time limit is

derived from the stability of the internal clocks. If route switching takes longer than that, the

protection function gets blocked until the internal clocks are re-synchronized. Proper re-

synchronization of the internal clocks takes an additional 15 seconds after the channel is

restored.

From protection point-of-view, route switching interruptions should be < 50 ms (normally

route switching takes < 0.1 ms). The maximum time delay in a telecommunication network can

be set to 40 ms (default delay being 20 ms). In echo timing mode, this time represents round-

trip delay divided by two. If the channel delay is longer than the set value, the protection

function gets blocked.

The recommended value for maximum time delay when using echo timing is 20

ms.

Section 2 1MRK 505 382-UEN E

Telecommunication networks and line differential protection

12 Communication set-up, 670/650 series

Application Guide

The protection function also gets blocked if the maximum time deviation (

MaxtDiffLevel

)

between the line differential protection IEDs' internal clocks is higher than ±200-2000 μs (see

Figure 3). Blocking of the function lasts until the internal clocks' deviation reaches the set value

range. Time required for new synchronization depends on the interruption time.

Maximum transmission time

≤ 20 ms

*Depending on required sensitivity

Protection

slave

IEC07000221-1-en.vsdx

< 0.2-2 ms* difference

continuous

Protection

master

Protection

slave

IED

IEC07000221 V1 EN-US

Figure 3: Three-end application (protection master/slave)

2.3.1 Maximum time deviation between internal clocks

GUID-20739D2E-572A-4D7B-83F3-3F55B7177681 v1

2.3.1.1 Setting the maximum time deviation

GUID-787C8FBC-2B88-4488-AE46-3F58A7C5A4B1 v1

Maximum time deviation between internal clocks is set using the

MaxtDiffLevel

parameter in

the respective (one to five) line differential protection IEDs. The setting is done on the local

HMI or via PCM600 (see Figure

4). Maximum time deviation depends on:

• Jitter and wander in the telecommunication network: typically ±100-200 μs in PDH

networks and ±50 μs in SDH networks (< ±100 μs according to telecommunication

standards).

• Acceptable small asymmetric delay: typically ±50–100 μs. A constant (fixed) asymmetric

delay in the duplex channels can be adjusted by setting the asymmetric delay on the local

HMI or via the parameter setting tool (PST) which is part of PCM600.

• Buffer memory in the telecommunication network: typically < +100 μs (buffer memories

should be avoided).

• Clock drift during two seconds: < ±100 μs.

1MRK 505 382-UEN E Section 2

Telecommunication networks and line differential protection

Communication set-up, 670/650 series 13

Application Guide

IEC10000062 V1 EN-US

Figure 4: Setting the MaxtDiffLevel in PCM600

The setting range for

MaxtDiffLevel

is ±200-2000 μs, and it must be coordinated with

reference to the sensitivity of the protection function. This setting is only relevant for echo

timing.

MaxtDiffLevel

is defined and measured at a sudden change in time difference between the line

ends induced by route switching. If the set value for

MaxtDiffLevel

is exceeded, the protection

function gets blocked. To avoid unwanted trips produced by a number of small changes below

the set value, these small changes are summated and checked to be below

MaxtDiffLevel

The line differential protection IED has no supervising function that could detect the

difference between asymmetric delay, buffer memory delay, telecommunication network jitter

and wander, and internal clock drift. The sum of these factors is supervised by observing the

deviation between the internal clocks in all IEDs.

GPSSyncErr

denotes GPS synchronization error, and it is activated when GPS global time and

internal clock time deviate by more than 16 μs. If activated, the differential protection function

can be set to be blocked or the echo mode can be set to be activated.

In an SDH network (≥ 2 Mbit/s) with an acceptably small asymmetric delay, for example G.703

E1, maximum time deviation of 2 x ±300 μs can be used. In a PDH network (n x 64 kbit/s) with a

buffer memory of for example 100 μs, typical maximum time deviation is 2 x ±400 μs. The

actual setting value is to be calculated accordingly.

2.3.1.2 Reference clock deviation from the set maximum time deviation

GUID-0FC23ED9-2CDB-48EE-ADDB-81D39E334F56 v1

Reference clock deviation lower than the set maximum time deviation

Route switching that causes the virtual difference between the internal clocks of respective

line differential protection IEDs to be lower than the set maximum time deviation due to

asymmetry in the communication channel delay, jitter and wander, and buffer memory, does

not cause a communication failure alarm or blocking of the protection function. The deviation

is considered to be within the accuracy requirements, and will be compensated for by the

normal synchronization mechanisms of the internal clocks.

If route switching takes longer than 2 s, master and slave IEDs start to re-synchronize after a 4

s delay incorporating the new channel asymmetry. Synchronization adjusts the internal clock

differences of differential protection IEDs at different line ends to be within ±1 μs. Time

synchronization messages are evaluated every 5 ms. If maximum time deviation is set to ±200

μs, it takes approximately 10 seconds to reach new synchronization. Synchronization reaches

the ±1 μs accuracy after an additional 10-15 seconds.

Section 2 1MRK 505 382-UEN E

Telecommunication networks and line differential protection

14 Communication set-up, 670/650 series

Application Guide

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