Novell Open Enterprise Server 11 SP3 Administration Guide

www.novell.com/documentation

Novell Distributed File Services

Administration Guide

Open Enterprise Server 11 SP2

January 2014

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Contents 3

Contents

About This Guide 9

1 Overview of Distributed File Services 11

1.1 Benefits of DFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.1.1 Data Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

1.1.2 Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.1.3 Data Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2 DFS Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

1.2.1 DFS Management Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2.2 Volume Location Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

1.2.3 VLDB Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.2.4 VLDB Service Replica Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

1.2.5 DFS Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

1.2.6 Move Volume Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

1.2.7 Split Volume Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

1.2.8 DFS Management Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

1.3 Services and Components Used by DFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

1.3.1 Novell Storage Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.3.2 NCP Server and NCP Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

1.3.3 Novell Storage Management Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

1.3.4 eDirectory DClient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1.3.5 JetStream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

1.4 Examples of DFS Management Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

1.4.1 A Single DFS Management Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.4.2 Multiple DFS Management Contexts in Different Subtrees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

1.4.3 Multiple DFS Management Contexts in the Same Subtree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1.5 What’s Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2 What’s New or Changed in Distributed File Services (DFS) 27

2.1 What’s New (OES 11 SP2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

2.2 What’s New (OES11 SP1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

2.3 What’s New (OES11). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

3 Installing and Configuring Novell Distributed File Services 29

3.1 Requirements for OES 11 SP2 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

3.1.1 Novell Storage Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.1.2 Novell Storage Management Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

3.1.3 Novell eDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

3.1.4 SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.1.5 Novell Linux User Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

3.1.6 NCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

3.1.7 File Access Protocols (NCP, CIFS, Samba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

3.1.8 Novell iManager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

3.1.9 Novell Logical Volume Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.2 Installing DFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

3.3 Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3.3.1 Upgrading from OES to OES 11 SP2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

3.4 Enabling DFS Junction Support for CIFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

4 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

3.4.1 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

3.4.2 Enabling DFS Support CIFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

3.5 What’s Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4 Clustering Novell Distributed File Services 37

4.1 Guidelines for Using DFS in a Cluster Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

4.1.1 Guidelines for Using DFS Junctions in a Cluster Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

4.1.2 Guidelines for Using DFS Move and Split in a Cluster Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

4.1.3 Guidelines for Clustering the VLDB Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.2 Clustering the VLDB Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.3 Modifying VLDB Settings in the Cluster Load Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

5 Business Continuity Clustering Novell Distributed File Services 43

5.1 Guidelines for Enabling DFS Using BCC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

5.2 BCC Enabling the VLDB Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

6 Migrating DFS from NetWare to OES 11 SP2 47

6.1 Migration Issues for DFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

6.1.1 Caveats for Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

6.1.2 Caveats for Protocol Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

6.1.3 Caveats for Mounting NSS Volumes on Different Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.1.4 Caveats for Migrating Data with the OES 11 SP2 File System Migration Tool . . . . . . . . . .50

6.2 Planning Your Migration in a DFS Management Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6.2.1 Supported Migration Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

6.2.2 System Credential Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

6.2.3 Supported Migration Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

6.3 Migrating the DFS VLDB Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

6.3.1 Prerequisites for Migrating the VLDB Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

6.3.2 Migrating a VLDB Service by Adding It as a Replica Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.4 Migrating NSS Volumes with the DFS Move Volume or Split Volume Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

7 Running DFS in a Virtualized Environment 57

7.1 Guidelines for Managing DFS in a Virtualized Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

7.2 Guidelines for Using DFS Junctions in a Virtualized Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

7.3 What’s Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

8 Management Tools for DFS 59

8.1 Novell iManager and DFS-Related Plug-Ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

8.1.1 Installing the DFS-Related Plug-Ins in iManager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

8.1.2 Accessing iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.1.3 Accessing Roles and Tasks in iManager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

8.1.4 Selecting a Server to Manage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

8.1.5 Distributed File Services Plug-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

8.1.6 Storage Plug-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

8.1.7 Files and Folders Plug-In. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

8.1.8 SFCB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

8.2 DFS Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

9 Planning for DFS 67

9.1 Guidelines for Combining Platforms, Volumes, and Protocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

9.1.1 Supported Combinations for Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Contents 5

9.1.2 Supported Combinations for Moving Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

9.1.3 Supported Combinations for Splitting Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

9.2 Guidelines for DFS Management Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

9.3 Guidelines for VLDB Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

9.4 Guidelines for Junctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

9.4.1 Junction Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

9.4.2 Junction Target Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

9.4.3 Junction Target Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

9.4.4 Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

9.5 Guidelines for Using DFS with Encrypted NSS Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

9.5.1 Creating DFS Junctions on Encrypted NSS Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

9.5.2 Moving or Splitting Encrypted NSS Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

9.6 Guidelines for Moving or Splitting NSS Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

9.6.1 Choosing Source and Destination Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

9.6.2 Preparing the DFS Management Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

9.6.3 Requirements for OES 11 SP2 Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

9.6.4 Prerequisites for Trustees and Trustee Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

9.6.5 Moving Volumes that Use the Upgraded Media Format for Enhanced Hard Links . . . . . . .75

9.6.6 Moving or Splitting in a Cluster Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9.6.7 Moving or Splitting in a Dynamic Storage Technology Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

9.7 Guidelines for Managing Move Volume or Split Volume Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

9.8 Guidelines for Using DFS and Novell Dynamic Storage Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

9.8.1 DFS and DST Compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

9.8.2 Using DFS Junctions in a DST Shadow Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

9.8.3 Moving and Splitting Volumes in a DST Shadow Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

9.9 Guidelines for DFS and Volume Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

9.10 Guidelines for Using DFS with Novell Archive and Version Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

9.11 Guidelines for Using DFS and Nearline Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

10 Managing VLDB Services 79

10.1 Creating a DFS Management Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

10.2 Deleting a Management Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

10.3 Managing Replica Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

10.4 Starting or Activating the VLDB Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

10.4.1 Using iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

10.4.2 Using Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

10.5 Specifying Non-Default VLDB Database Paths on Replica Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

10.6 Stopping the VLDB Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

10.6.1 Using iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

10.6.2 Using Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

10.7 Monitoring the Health of the VLDB Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

10.7.1 Using iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

10.7.2 Using Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

10.8 Viewing VLDB Service Details for a Replica Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

10.9 Adding a Replica Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

10.10 Removing a Replica Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

10.11 Viewing a List of Volume Entries in the VLDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

10.12 Adding a Volume Entry to the VLDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

10.13 Deleting a Volume Entry from the VLDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

10.14 Repairing the VLDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

11 Managing DFS Junctions 93

11.1 Understanding DFS Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

11.1.1 Junction Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

6 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

11.1.2 Trustee Rights for the Junction and Target Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

11.2 Prerequisites and Guidelines for DFS Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

11.3 Creating a DFS Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

11.4 Modifying a DFS Junction Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

11.5 Modifying the Junction Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

11.6 Modifying the Target Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

11.7 Adding or Deleting Trustees for the Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

11.8 Adding or Deleting Trustees for the Junction Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

11.9 Modifying Trustee Rights for the Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

11.10 Modifying Trustee Rights for the Junction Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

11.11 Viewing a DFS Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

11.12 Deleting the Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

11.13 Salvaging or Purging Deleted Junctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

11.13.1 Guidelines for Deleted Junctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

11.13.2 Salvaging a Deleted Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

11.13.3 Purging Deleted Junctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

12 Using DFS to Move NSS Volumes 105

12.1 Prerequisites for Moving an NSS Volume with DFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

12.1.1 Planning the Move Volume Job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

12.1.2 Preparing the DFS Management Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

12.1.3 Preparing the Source Server and Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

12.1.4 Preparing the Destination Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

12.2 Moving an NSS Volume with DFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

13 Using DFS to Split NSS Volumes 111

13.1 Prerequisites for Splitting an NSS Volume with DFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

13.1.1 Planning the Split Volume Job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

13.1.2 Preparing the DFS Management Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111

13.1.3 Preparing the Source Server and Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

13.1.4 Preparing the Destination Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

13.2 Splitting a Volume with DFS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

14 Managing Move Volume or Split Volume Jobs 117

14.1 Monitoring the Status of Move Volume or Split Volume Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

14.1.1 Understanding the Job Status Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

14.1.2 Viewing the Volume Job Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

14.2 Pausing a Move or Split Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

14.3 Resuming a Move or Split Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

14.4 Rescheduling a Move or Split Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

14.5 Viewing Files Skipped by a Move or Split Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

14.6 Finishing a Move or Split Job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

14.7 Deleting a Move or Split Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

14.8 Troubleshooting Move or Split Job Failures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

14.8.1 Failed: (No Reason Specified). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

14.8.2 Failed: Could Not Start Backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

14.8.3 Failed: File Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

14.8.4 Failed: File Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

14.8.5 Failed: Invalid Original Server’s NSS Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

14.8.6 Failed: Invalid Target Server’s NSS Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

14.8.7 Failed: Log File Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

14.8.8 Failed: Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

14.8.9 Failed: No Management Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Contents 7

14.8.10 Failed: Wrong Management Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

15 Troubleshooting DFS 127

15.1 Adding Replica Site to the New Management Context Fails with an eDirectory -603 error. . . . . . .127

15.2 NetStorage Does Not Resolve a DFS Junction If Both OES 11 SP2 and NetWare VLDB

Replicas are Present in a Management Context.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

15.3 DFS may not function properly after upgrading NSS on OES 2 and later.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

15.4 Cannot Delete DFS Management Context by Using iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128

15.5 Cannot Re-Create a DFS Management Context on a Container. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

15.6 Errors Using DFS on an Upgraded OES 11 Server or Later . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

15.7 Junctions Are Broken After a Volume Object Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

15.8 Junctions Are Broken After Deleting and Re-Creating an NCP Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

15.9 Move Volume or Split Volume Job Fails to Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131

15.10 Users Cannot See Directories or Files on the Target Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

15.11 VLDB Stops Working After Renaming the O or OU Container for a DFS Management Context. . .131

15.12 The State of a Move Volume or Split Volume Job in a Cluster Environment is Scheduled . . . . . . .131

16 Security Considerations 133

16.1 VLDB File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

16.2 TCP Port 6901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

16.3 Move and Split Job Crash Persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

16.4 Creating DFS Junctions on Encrypted NSS Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

16.5 Moving or Splitting Encrypted NSS Volumes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

16.6 ~DFSINFO.8-P File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

A DFS Commands and Utilities 135

A.1 VLDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

A.1.1 Managing the VLDB Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135

A.1.2 Managing VLDB Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

A.1.3 Repairing the VLDB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

A.1.4 Hidden VLDB Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

A.2 VOLMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

B DFS Modules 139

B.1 DFS VLDB Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

B.2 DFS Volume Manager Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

B.3 DFS Remote Procedure Calls Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

B.4 DFS Library Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

B.5 JetStream Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

C Error Code List 141

D Documentation Updates 145

D.1 January 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

D.1.1 What’s New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145

D.1.2 Clustering Novell Distributed File Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145

D.1.3 Managing VLDB Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

D.2 August 2012 (OES 11 SP1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

D.2.1 What’s New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

D.2.2 Error Code List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

8 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

About This Guide 9

About This Guide

ThisdocumentdescribeshowtoconfigureandmanageNovellDistributedFileServicesforNovell

StorageServices(NSS)volumesonaNovellOpenEnterpriseServer(OES)11SP2server.

 Chapter 1,“OverviewofDistributedFileServices,”onpage 11

 Chapter 2,“What’sNeworChangedinDistributedFileServices(DFS),”onpage 27

 Chapter 3,“Installing

andConfiguringNovellDistributedFileServices,”onpage 29

 Chapter 4,“ClusteringNovellDistributedFileServices,”onpage 37

 Chapter 5,“BusinessContinuityClusteringNovellDistributedFileServices,”onpage 43

 Chapter 6,“MigratingDFSfromNetWaretoOES11SP2,”onpage 47

 Chapter 7,“RunningDFSinaVirtualizedEnvironment,”onpage 57

 Chapter 8,“ManagementToolsforDFS,”

onpage 59

 Chapter 9,“PlanningforDFS,”onpage 67

 Chapter 10,“ManagingVLDBServices,”onpage 79

 Chapter 11,“ManagingDFSJunctions,”onpage 93

 Chapter 12,“UsingDFStoMoveNSSVolumes,”onpage 105

 Chapter 13,“UsingDFStoSplitNSSVolumes,”onpage 111

 Chapter 14,“ManagingMoveVolumeorSplitVolumeJobs,”onpage 117

 Chapter 15,“Troubleshooting

DFS,”onpage 127

 Chapter 16,“SecurityConsiderations,”onpage 133

 Appendix A,“DFSCommandsandUtilities,”onpage 135

 Appendix B,“DFSModules,”onpage 139

 Appendix C,“ErrorCodeList,”onpage 141

 Appendix D,“DocumentationUpdates,”onpage 145

Audience

Thisguideisintendedfornetworkadministrators.Chapter 16,“SecurityConsiderations,”on

page 13 3describeskeysecurityissuesforsecurityadministrators.

Feedback

Wewanttohearyourcommentsandsuggestionsaboutthismanualand theotherdocumentation

includedwiththisproduct.PleaseusetheUserCommentfeatureatthebottomofeachpageofthe

onlinedocumentation.

Documentation Updates

ForthemostrecentversionoftheNovellDistributedFileServicesAdministrationGuide,seethelatest

NovellOpenEnterpriseServer11documentation(http://www.novell.com/documentation/oes11/

index.html).

10 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

Additional Documentation

ForinformationaboutDFSXMLoptions,seetheNovellDeveloperKit:VirtualFileServices(http://

developer.novell.com/documentation/vfs/v fs__enu/data/bktitle.htm l).

ForinformationaboutOES11SP2servicesreferencedinthisguide,seethefollowing:

 NetIQeDirectory8.8SP8AdministrationGuide

 OES11SP2:NCPServerforLinuxAdministrationGuid e

 OES11SP2:NovellCIFSfor

LinuxAdministrationGuide

 OES11SP2:NovellSambaAdministrationGuide

ForinformationaboutusingDFSonNetWare6.5servers,seetheNW6.5SP8:NovellDistributedFile

ServicesAdministrationGuide.

1

Overview of Distributed File Services 11

1

Overview of Distributed File Services

NovellDistributedFileServices(DFS)fortheNovellStorageServices(NSS)filesystemprovides

locationtransparencyoffiledatatoendusers.WithDFS,youcancreateasinglevirtualfilesystem

fordataonNSSvolumesthatspansmultiplemachinestomaximizetheuseandperformanceof

storageresources.



Section 1.1,“BenefitsofDFS,”onpage 11

 Section 1.2,“DFSComponents,”onpage 12

 Section 1.3,“ServicesandComponentsUsedbyDFS,”onpage 18

 Section 1.4,“ExamplesofDFSManagementContexts,”onpage 19

 Section 1.5,“What’sNext,”onpage 26

1.1 Benefits of DFS

NovellDistributedFileServiceshelpsyoumodifytheunderlyingphysicalorganizationofdataon

NSSvolumestomaximizetheuseandperformanceofavailablestorageresources.

 Section 1.1.1,“DataDistribution,”onpage 11

 Section 1.1.2,“Backup,”onpage 12

 Section 1.1.3,“DataMigration,”onpage 12

1.1.1 Data Distribution

DFSpreservesthelogicalfileorganizationfromtheuserperspectivebymaintainingaVolume

LocationDatabase(VLDB)forallvolumesinaDFSmanagementcontext.WhenyoumoveanNSS

volumetoanewvolumeinadifferentpool,theVLDBhelpsredirectqueriestothenewlocation.

Whenyousplit

anNSSvolumetorelocateadirectory’sdatatoanewlycreatedNSSvolume,DFS

placesajunctionfileinplaceofthedirectoryatthesourcelocation.Thejunctioncontainsahintabout

thedestinationlocat ionofthedata.Whenauserattemptstoaccessthedata,DFSuses

that

informationtolookupthelocationofthedestinationvolumeintheVLDB,thenautomatically

redirectsqueriessothatthesessionconnectioncanbemadetransparentlyfromtheuser’spointof

viewbygoingdirectlytothedata.Aftertheconnectionismade,thejunctionitselfisnolonger

involved

inthesession.

UsingjunctionsandtheVLDBeliminatestheuser’sneedtoknowthepathtothephysicallocationof

thedata.Notonlydoesitdecreaseadministrationcostsbyallowingyoutomoveavolumetoa

differentserverwithoutmakinganyannouncementsorneedingtoreeducateusers,but

italso

simplifiesthenumberofpathsauserneedstorememberifthedataisspreadamongdifferent

volumesorservers.

Forexample,ifJohn’sdataislocatedonserversX,Y,andZ,youcancreatejunctionsonserverXthat

pointtoallofhisdataon

serversYandZ.Thatway,Johnonlyneedstorememberthepathtoserver

X,becausewithjunctions,itappearsasifthedataisalllocatedinoneplace.

12 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

1.1.2 Backup

DFSprovidesasolutiontothecommonproblemofstoragevolumesgrowingtoobigtobackup

withinthedesiredorrequiredtimeperiod.Atoo ‐largevolumecanbesplitinto two(ormore)

volumes,andtheresultingvolumesbackedupseparatelyasrequired.Youcansplitavolumeat

any

directorytoanewNSSvolumewithoutchangingthelogicalpathtofiles.Youandyouruserscan

continuetousethelogicalpathswhenmappingnetworkdrivesorcreatingloginscripts.The

physicallocationofdatacanchangeovertime,andthatchangeiscompletelytransparenttothe

end

user.

1.1.3 Data Migration

DFScanalsoprovide amigrationpathforcustomersmovingNSSvolumesfromNetWare6.5toOES

11SP2.TheMoveVolumetaskforDFScanbe usedonaNetWareservertomovefiledataonanNSS

volumetoatargetNSSvolumeoranNCPvolumeonan

OES11SP2server.Thisallowsyouto

graduallymovedatatoanOES11SP2environment,withoutcommittingtoaturnkeychangeof

operatingenvironment.Foranexample,seeChapter 6,“MigratingDFSfromNetWaretoOES11

SP2,”onpage 47.

1.2 DFS Components

 Section 1.2.1,“DFSManagementContext,”onpage 12

 Section 1.2.2,“VolumeLocationDatabase,”onpage 14

 Section 1.2.3,“VLDBService,”onpage 15

 Section 1.2.4,“VLDBServiceReplicaSites,”onpage 15

 Section 1.2.5,“DFSJunctions,”onpage 15

 Section 1.2.6,“MoveVolumeJobs,”onpage 16

 Section 1.2.7,“SplitVolumeJobs,”onpage 17

 Section 1.2.8,“DFSManagementTools,”onpage 18

1.2.1 DFS Management Context

DFSoperateswithinamanagementcontext.ThemanagementcontextisapreexistingOorOU

containerthatyouchoosefromyourNovelleDirectorytree.Whenyoudefinethemanagement

context,twoattributesareaddedtotheOorOUcontainerobjectthatyousel ect:

 DFS‐VLD B ‐Hosts:Amultiple‐valuedattribute

thatcontainsthedistinguishednamesoftheone

ortwoserversthathosttheVLDBservicereplicaforthismanagementcontext.

 VLDB‐BackEnd‐ID:Thenameoftheback‐enddatabaseplug‐inforthismanagementcontext.

Currently,thisis

vdqad

,andtheplug‐inisnotmodifiable.

ThepresenceoftheseattributesiswhatindicatestotheDFSsoftwarethatthe containerisaDFS

managementcontext.

ThemanagementcontextcanhaveoneortwoVolumeLocationDatabaseservicesreplicas.The

serversthathostreplicasoftheVLDBservicecan

existanywhereinthemanagementcontext,as

shownbelow.

Overview of Distributed File Services 13

Figure 1-1 ASingleDFSManagementContext

MultiplemanagementcontextscanbedefinedinasingleeDirectorytree.Themanagementcontexts

functionindependently.Ifthemanagementcontextsaredefinedindifferentsubtrees,addingand

removingoneofthecontextshasnoeffectontheotherone.Ifamanagementcontextisdefinedata

differentlevelinthe

tree,thehigher‐levelmanagementcontextdoesnotincludethesubtreeofthe

lower‐levelmanagementcontext,asshownbelow.Eachmanagementcontextisresponsibleforonly

thosevolumesthatareinitssubtreebut arenotinalower‐levelmanagementcontext.

example_tree

company

west east

mgmt serversservers legalusers dev

svr201

svr202

svr1

grp1

user1

patents servers

svr51

svr52

birch

elm

oak

DFS Management Context

west.company

DFS VLDB Services Replica

svr52.servers.legal.west.company

DFS VLDB Services Replica

svr2.servers.west.company

svr2

14 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

Figure 1-2 MultipleDFSManagementContextsintheSameSubtree

Foranexplanationofthesemanagementcontextsandformoreexamples,seeSection 1.4,“Examples

ofDFSManagementContexts,”onpage 19.

1.2.2 Volume Location Database

TheVolumeLocationDatabaseprovidesamappingofthephysicallocationofallvolumeswithina

DFSmanagementcontextthathaveanobjectinNovelleDirectory.Typically,thisincludesNSS

volumesandNCPvolumes.Whenyoucreateamanagementcontext,DFSwalksthesubtreetolocate

theVolumeobjectsforNSS

volumestoaddanentrytotheVLDB.

EachvolumehasaDFSGUID(globallyuniqueidentifier)thatjunctionsusewhentargetinga

volume.WheneveryoucreateanNSSvolume,NSSautomaticallycreatesaDFSGUIDforthe

volume,andwritesitasanattributeoftheVolumeobject.In

ordertoallowaVLDBrepairtocorrect

theinformationineDirectoryiftheVolumeobjectislost,thevolume’sDFSGUIDisalsostoredinthe

~DFSINFO.8-P

fileintherootdirectoryofthevolume.ForanNCPvolumeonLinuxthatmightbea

junctiontarget,theDFSGUIDisgeneratedbyDFSwheneveryouaddthevolumeentrytotheVLDB

orifyourunaVLDBrepair.TheNCPvolume’sDFSGUIDonlyexists

intheeDirectoryVolume

object;the

~DFSINFO.8-P

filedoesnotexistonanNCPvolume.DFSautomaticallygeneratesaDFS

GUIDforaVolumeobjectonlyiftheDFSGUIDdoesnotexistintheVolumeobjectorinthe

~DFSINFO.8‐Pfile.IftheeDirectoryVolumeobjectforanNCPvolumeislost,VLDBrepairgenerates

anewDFSGUIDforthatvolume.

TheVLDBtracksvolumesonthefollowingplatformsinitsmanagementcontext:

 OES11SP2

 OES11SP1

example_tree

company

west east

mgmt serversservers legalusers dev

svr201

svr202

svr1

grp1

user1

patents servers

svr51

svr52

birch

elm

oak

DFS VLDB Services Replica

svr52.servers.legal.west.company

DFS VLDB Services Replica

svr2.servers.west.company

svr2

DFS Management Context

west.company

DFS Management Context

legal.west.company

Overview of Distributed File Services 15

 OES2

 NetWare6.5

AnyvolumethathasaVolumeobjectintheOorOUcontainerbelongstothemanagementcontext,

unlessthevolumebelongstoamanagementcontextthatisdefinedatalowerlevelinthecontainer.

NSSautomaticallycreatesaVolumeobjectineDirectorywhenyou

createavolumewithNSStools.

NCPServerautomaticallycreatesaVolumeobjectineDirectorywhenyoucreatetheNCPsharefor

anNCPvolume(anNCPshareonaLinuxPOSIXvolume).

1.2.3 VLDB Service

TheVolumeLocationDatabaseserviceprovidestheframeworkforlocatingvolumesinthe

managementcontext.ManagingtheVLDBserviceinvolvesthecreation,day‐to‐daymanagement,

maintenance,andrepairoftheVLDB.

1.2.4 VLDB Service Replica Sites

AreplicasiteistheserverthathostsaninstanceoftheVLDBserviceanditsVLDBfileforaDFS

managementcontext.Eachmanagementcontexthasoneortworeplicas.Thereplicascanbeonany

combinationofoperatingplatformsthatsupportDFS.Theserverscanbeatthesame

levelorbelow

themanagementcontextintheeDirectorytree,buttheymustnotbeinalower‐levelDFS

managementcontext.

Whentworeplicasitesaredeployedforthemanagementcontext,eachinstanceoftheVLDBservice

isanequalreplicathatautomaticallysynchronizesitsdatawiththeotherreplica

site.Thetwo

instancesexchangedatabases(theentiredatabase,notjustthechanges)anytimeachangeismadeto

aninstance.Uponreceiptoftheotherreplicaʹsdatabase,eachreplicamergesthereceiveddatabase

withitsown,determiningwhichentrieshavebeenadded,deleted,ormodified.

UsetheDistributed

FileServices>ManageReplicaSitestaskiniManagertoconfigurereplicasites,

monitortheirstatus,andrepairtheVLDBasneeded.Youcanalsomanagethe VLDBservicefromthe

serverconsolewithVLDBcommands.

1.2.5 DFS Junctions

ADFSjunctionisalogicalplaceholderfordatathatisstoredonad i fferentNSSvolume.Onejunction

pointstoonlyonetargetlocation.Ajunctionisavirtualdirectorythatpointstotherootofatarget

NSSvolume.Insomeconfigurations,thejunctioncanpointtoasubdirectory

onthetargetvolume.

Fordetails,seeSection 9.1.1,“SupportedCombinationsforJunctions,”onpage 67.

TheDFSjunctionstorestheDFSGUIDofthetargetvolume,notitsphysicallocation.Thisallows

volumestobemovedwithoutrectifyingthe changeineveryjunction.TheVLDBcontains

informationaboutthephysicallocation

ofvolumes.Whenthejunctionreceivesaquery,DFS‐aware

client(NovellClient,NovellCIFSserver,orNetStorage)presentsthetargetDFSGUIDtotheVLDB

togetthephysicallocationofthevolume,andthequeryistr ansparentlyredirectedtothetarget

location.

Totheuser,aDFSjunctionappears

tobeanormalsubdirectory;onlyitsdirectorypropertiesidentify

itasajunction.Userscancontinuetoaccesstheirdatawithoutmodifyingthefamiliarlogicalpaths.

DFSsupportsjunctionsforNSSvolumes.ThejunctioncanbelocatedanywhereinthesourceNSS

volume,includingtherootofthevolume.Multiple

levelsofjunctionsareallowedwhenajunction

pointstotherootofatargetvolumeandthefileaccessprotocolsupportsmultiplelevelsofjunctions.

Fordetailsofsupportedrelationships,seeSection 9.1,“GuidelinesforCombiningPlatforms,

Volumes,and Protocols,”onpage 67.

16 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

Ajunctioncanpointtoatargetlocationonthefollow ingtypesofvolumesthatareinthesameDFS

ManagementContext.Fileaccessiscontrolledbyfilesystemtrusteesandtrusteerights:

 NSSvolumes

Thesourceserverandtargetservermusthavethesamecommunicationprotocolconfiguredfor

fileaccess,

suchasNCPtoNCP,NetWareCIFStoNetWareCIFS,NovellCIFS toNovellCIFS,or

NetWareCIFStoSamba.

IMPORTANT:SambadoesnotsupportDFSjunctionsthemselves,soifthetargetvolume

containsjunctions,theydonotwork.

 NCPvolumes(NCPsharesonLinuxPOSIXvolumes)

ThisrequirestheNCPServertoberunningonthesourceandtargetservers.

Targetvolumescanresideonthefollowingoperatingsystems:

 OES11SP2

 OES11SP1

 OES2

 NetWare6.5

WhenyousplitanNSS

volume,DFScopiesthedatatoanewlycreatedvolume,createsajunctionto

replacethedirectory,anddeletesallcontentbelowthatpointintheoriginalvolume.Forinstructions

onhowtosplitavolume,seeChapter 13,“UsingDFStoSplitNSSVolumes,”onpage 111.

Youcanalsocreate

ajunctionmanually.Thefollowingtablesdescribetherulesformanuallycreating

junctions.

Table 1-1 RulesforManuallyCreatingJunctions

1.2.6 Move Volume Jobs

AMoveVolumejobhelpsyoutodothefollowing:

 MoveanNSSvolumetoanewlycreatedNSSvolumeinadifferentpoolthathasspaceavailable

orthatisexpandable.

 MoveNSSvolumestodifferentserversinthesameDFSmanagementcontexttobalance

associatedtrafficandworkload

acrossmultipleservers.

 MovedatabetweenvolumesfasterthanwithanormalcopybecauseitusesNovellStorage

ManagementServicestotransferthedata.

UsetheMoveVolumetaskintheStorageplug‐intoiManagertodefineMoveVolumejobs.

Source Volume

Source Volume’s DFS

Management Context

Target Volume

Target Volume’s DFS

Management Context

An existing NSS volume

on a supported system.

It must be in the same

eDirectory tree as the

target volume.

None required.

It must be in the same

eDirectory tree as the

target volume, but is not

required to be in the

target’s DFS management

context.

An existing volume on a

supported system.

It must be in the same

eDirectory tree as the

source volume.

Required.

It can be in any

management context in

the same eDirectory tree

as the source volume.

Overview of Distributed File Services 17

Afterasuccessfulmove,thephysicallocationofthevolumeisautomaticallyupdatedintheVLDB.If

thevolumeisonadifferentserver,existingjunctionsthatpointtothesourcevolumearenotbroken.

TheysimplypointtothenewvolumelocationbyusingtheupdatedVLDBmapping.Scriptsneed

to

bemodifiedinordertoaccessthevolumebyitsnewpathnameifyoumovethevolumetoadifferent

serverorrenameit.

ThefollowingtabledescribestherulesformovingvolumeswithDFS.Forinstructions,see

Chapter 12,“UsingDFStoMoveNSSVolumes,”onpage 105.

Table 1-2 RulesforMovingVolu mes

1.2.7 Split Volume Jobs

WithDFS,youcansplitanNSSvolumeataspecifieddirectoryandrelocatethedirectorycontentsto

anewvolumeonthesa meserver,ortoadifferentserveranywhereinthesameeDirectory

managementcontext.Thenewvolumetypicallyresidesinadifferentpool.Afterasuccessful

relocationof

directorycontents,DFSautomaticallycreatesaDFSjunctionatthesplitpoint,which

replacestheoriginaldirectoryanditscontent.TheDFSjunctioncontainsinformationusedtoredirect

queriestothenewlocation.Userscancontinuetoaccesstheirdataonthenewvolume,without

modifyingthefamiliarlogicalpaths.

The

followingtabledescribestherulesforsplittingvolumes.Forinstructions,seeChapter 13,“Using

DFStoSplitNSSVolumes,”onpage 111.

Table 1-3 RulesforSplittingVolume s

Source Volume

Source Volume’s

DFS Management

Context

Target Volume

Target Volume’s

DFS Management

Context

NSS volume on a supported

system.

Required.

The source and target

volume must be in the

same management

context.

A newly created

volume on a

supported system

Required.

The source and target

volume must be in the

same management

context.

Source Directory

Source Volume’s DFS

Management Context

Target Location

Target Volume’s DFS

Management Context

Any directory in an NSS volume on

a supported system.

Required.

The source and target

volume must be in the

same management

context.

A newly created NSS

volume on a supported

system.

The target location

must be at the root of

the volume.

Required.

The source and target

volume must be in the

same management

context.

18 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

1.2.8 DFS Management Tools

TheprimarymanagementtoolforNovellDistributedFileServices isNovelliManager2.7.Usethe

followingplug‐ins:

 DistributedFileServices:Thisplug‐inallowsyoutocreateordeleteDFScontexts,manage

VLDBreplicasitesandtheirVLDBservice,andcontrolmoveandsplitvolumejobs.Foran

overviewof

theavailabletasks,seeSection 8.1.5,“DistributedFileServicesPlug‐In,”onpage 61.

 Storage:Thisplug‐inallowsyoutodefineMoveVolumejobsandSplitVo lumejobsfromits

Volumespage.Foranoverviewoftheavailabletasks,seeSection 8.1.6,“StoragePlug‐In,”on

page 64.

Formoreinformationabout

usingiManager,seeSection 8.1,“NovelliM anagerandDFS‐Related

Plug‐Ins,”onpage 59.

1.3 Services and Components Used by DFS

Theservicesandcomponentsinthi ssectionareusedbyDFS.

 Section 1.3.1,“NovellStorageServices,”onpage 18

 Section 1.3.2,“NCPServerandNCP Volumes,”onpage 18

 Section 1.3.3,“NovellStorageManagementServices,”onpage 18

 Section 1.3.4,“eDirectoryDClient,”onpage 19

 Section 1.3.5,“JetStream,”onpage 19

1.3.1 Novell Storage Services

DFSjunctionscanresideonlyonNSSvolumes.TheDFSvolumemoveandsplitoptionsareavailable

onlywhereboththesourceanddestinationvolumesareNSSvolumes.

1.3.2 NCP Server and NCP Volumes

OnOES11SP2,DFSjunctionscanalsopointtoNCPvolumes(NCPsharesforLinuxPOSIX

volumes).NCPServermustbeinstalledandrunningonthetargetserverinordertosupportNCP

volumes.ItenforcessecurefileaccessonNCPvolumesforLinux‐enabledeDirectoryusers,usingthe

Novell

TrusteeModeloftrusteesandtrusteerights.

WhenyoudefineanNCPshare(mountpoint)forthe NCPvolume,NCPServercreatesaVolume

objectineDirectory.DFSassignsaDFSGUIDasanobjectattributefortheNCPvolume.Thephysical

serverlocationoftheNCPvolumeistracked

intheVLDB.TheVLDBtracksvolumesbytheirDFS

GUIDsanddoesnotcontaininformationthatdistinguisheswhetheragivenvolumeisanNSS

volumeoranNCPvolume.

1.3.3 Novell Storage Management Services

DFSusesNovellStorageManagementServicestocopyfilestothenewlocationinaDFSvolume

moveorsplit.AnSMScopyisfasterthanforanormalcopyutility,anditcanberestartedasneeded.

Overview of Distributed File Services 19

1.3.4 eDirectory DClient

TheVLDBcodeiswrittentoNovelleDirectory,notLDAP,andusesthelow‐levelDClientinterfaces

foreDirectory.ThisrequiresthateDirectoryberunningonserversthatcontainjunctionsoronboth

thesourceandtargetserverswhenusingtheDFSvolumemovesorsplits.However,aneDirectory

replicais

notrequiredtobeco‐locatedontheserver.

1.3.5 JetStream

JetStreamprovidesatransport‐independentinterprocesscommunicationfacility.DFSusesJetStream

forinterprocesscommunicationsbyDFSmodules.JetStreamusesanunregisteredTCPport6901

(0x1AF5).Thisportassignmentisnotconfigurable.UsingDFSthroughafirewallrequiresthisportto

beopenedbythenetworkadministrator.DFScomponentsthatinteractwith

JetStreamuse

eDirectorynames(suchasdfstest.east.example)fornamesoftargethosts.TheDFSJetStream‐related

codeusesthelow‐levelDClientinterfacesforeDirectory.

1.4 Examples of DFS Management Contexts

ThissectiondescribesmultipleexamplesofDFSmanagementcontexts.Thefollowingicons

representeDirectorycontainersandobjectsintheexamples.

Figure 1-3 IconsforeDirectoryContainersandObjects

 Section 1.4.1,“A SingleDFSManagementContext,”onpage 20

 Section 1.4.2,“MultipleDFSManagementContextsinDifferentSubtrees,”onpage 21

 Section 1.4.3,“MultipleDFSManagementContextsinthe SameSubtree,”onpage 22

eDirectory Icons

Containers

Tree

Organization (O)

Organizational Unit (OU)

Leaf Objects (Common Name (CN))

Server

Volume

Group

User

20 OES 11 SP2: Novell Distributed File Services Administration Guide for Linux

1.4.1 A Single DFS Management Context

Inthefollowingexample,asingleDFSmanagementcontextisshownbyashadedbox.

Figure 1-4 ASingleDFSManagementContext

Feature Description

The management context is defined at the eDirectory container called west.company

(ou=west.o=company).

Junctions can point to any supported volume in the management context.

Two replica servers each host an instance of the VLDB service for the management context.

Its VLDB maps the location of the volumes at all levels in the subtree defined by the

west.company eDirectory container.

Volume objects in the east.company (ou=east.o=company) subtree are not in a

management context in this example, so it is not possible to create a junction to any

supported volumes in this part of the tree.

example_tree

company

west east

mgmt serversservers legalusers dev

svr201

svr202

svr1

grp1

user1

patents servers

svr51

svr52

birch

elm

oak

DFS Management Context

west.company

DFS VLDB Services Replica

svr52.servers.legal.west.company

DFS VLDB Services Replica

svr2.servers.west.company

svr2

BC

A

D

A

B

C

D

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