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JG619A

Aruba JG619A, JG632A, JH103A, JH113A Configuration Guide

  • Hello! I've reviewed the HPE FlexFabric 12900E Switch Series Layer 3 IP Routing Configuration Guide. This guide covers various aspects of IP routing, including dynamic and static routing protocols, and features like load sharing and fast switchover. I'm here to help you with any questions you might have regarding the configuration and capabilities described in the document.
  • What is the purpose of this configuration guide?
    What routing protocols are covered in this guide?
    What is BFD used for?
    What is the purpose of route fast switchover?
    What is load sharing in this context?
HPE FlexFabric 12900E Switch Series
Layer 3—IP Routing Configuration Guide
Software
version: Release 5210
Document version: 6W100-20230424
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Contents
Configuring basic IP routing ··········································································· 1
About IP routing ················································································································································· 1
Routing table ·············································································································································· 1
Route categories ········································································································································ 1
Dynamic routing protocols ·························································································································· 1
Route preference ······································································································································· 2
Load sharing ·············································································································································· 2
Route backup ············································································································································· 3
Route recursion ·········································································································································· 3
Route redistribution ···································································································································· 3
Extension attribute redistribution ················································································································ 3
Configuring load sharing ···································································································································· 3
Configuring load sharing mode ·················································································································· 3
Enabling IPv4 bandwidth-based load sharing ···························································································· 4
Enabling symmetric load sharing ··············································································································· 5
Verifying and maintaining load sharing ······································································································ 5
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes and labels in the RIB··········································································· 5
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB ···························································································· 6
Enabling the RIB to flush route attribute information to the FIB ········································································· 7
Enabling the enhanced ECMP mode ················································································································· 7
About enhanced ECMP mode ···················································································································· 7
Restrictions and guidelines for enabling the enhanced ECMP mode ························································ 7
Enabling the IPv4 and IPv6 enhanced ECMP mode·················································································· 7
Configuring RIB NSR ········································································································································· 7
Configuring inter-protocol FRR ·························································································································· 8
Configuring BFD for quick next hop unreachability detection on primary routes ··············································· 9
About configuring BFD for quick next hop unreachability detection on primary routes ······························ 9
Restrictions and guidelines for configuring BFD for primary link availability detection ······························ 9
Configuring BFD control packet mode ····································································································· 10
Configuring BFD echo packet mode ········································································································ 10
Associating the direct routes on an interface with a track entry ······································································· 11
Enabling route fast switchover ························································································································· 12
Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup ·························································································· 12
Configuring next hop recursion loop suppression ···························································································· 13
About next hop recursion loop suppression ····························································································· 13
Restrictions and guidelines for configuring next hop recursion loop suppression···································· 13
Disabling suppression for next hop recursion loop (IPv4) ········································································ 14
Setting the interval for clearing the recursion loop counter (IPv4) ··························································· 14
Disabling suppression for next hop recursion loop (IPv6) ········································································ 14
Setting the interval for clearing the recursion loop counter (IPv6) ··························································· 14
Setting the maximum number of active routes supported by the device ························································· 15
Setting the maximum number of next hop or route entry operation records by operation type for the RIB ····· 16
Enabling MTP··················································································································································· 17
Verifying and maintaining basic IP routing (IPv4) ···························································································· 17
Displaying IPv4 routing table information ································································································· 17
Displaying and clearing IPv4 routing table statistics ················································································ 18
Displaying and clearing the records of IPv4 RIB operations on route entries ·········································· 18
Displaying ECMP route information ········································································································· 18
Displaying IPv4 RIB information··············································································································· 18
Displaying and clearing the records of IPv4 RIB operations on next hops ·············································· 19
Verifying and maintaining basic IP routing (IPv6) ···························································································· 19
Displaying IPv6 routing table information ································································································· 19
Displaying and clearing IPv6 routing table statistics ················································································ 19
Displaying and clearing the records of IPv6 RIB operations on route entries ·········································· 20
Displaying IPv6 ECMP route information ································································································· 20
Displaying IPv6 RIB information··············································································································· 20
Displaying and clearing the records of IPv6 RIB operations on next hops ·············································· 20
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Basic IP routing configuration examples ·········································································································· 21
Example: Configuring load sharing based on source and destination addresses···································· 21
Configuring static routing ············································································· 23
About static routes ··········································································································································· 23
Configuring a static route ································································································································· 23
Configuring a static route group ······················································································································· 24
Configuring the DHCP-designated default router as the next hop of a static route ········································· 25
Configuring floating static routes ······················································································································ 26
Deleting static routes········································································································································ 26
Configuring BFD for static routes ····················································································································· 27
About BFD ················································································································································ 27
Configuring BFD control packet mode ····································································································· 27
Configuring BFD echo packet mode ········································································································ 28
Configuring static route FRR ···························································································································· 29
About static route FRR ····························································································································· 29
Restrictions and guidelines for static route FRR ······················································································ 29
Configuring static route FRR by specifying a backup next hop································································ 30
Configuring static route FRR to automatically select a backup next hop ················································· 30
Enabling BFD echo packet mode for static route FRR ············································································ 30
Allowing static routes to recurse to LSP tunnels ······························································································ 31
Verifying and maintaining static routing ··········································································································· 31
Static route configuration examples ················································································································· 32
Example: Configuring basic static routes ································································································· 32
Example: Configuring BFD for static routes (direct next hop) ·································································· 34
Example: Configuring BFD for static routes (indirect next hop) ······························································· 36
Example: Configuring static route FRR ···································································································· 38
Configuring a default route ··········································································· 42
Configuring RIP ··························································································· 43
About RIP ························································································································································· 43
RIP routing metrics ··································································································································· 43
RIP route entries ······································································································································ 43
RIP operation ··········································································································································· 43
Routing loop prevention ··························································································································· 43
RIP versions ············································································································································· 44
Protocols and standards ·························································································································· 44
RIP tasks at a glance ······································································································································· 44
Configuring basic RIP ······································································································································ 45
Restrictions and guidelines for configuring basic RIP ·············································································· 45
Enabling RIP ············································································································································ 45
Controlling RIP reception and advertisement on interfaces ····································································· 46
Configuring a RIP version ························································································································ 47
Specifying a RIP neighbor ························································································································ 48
Configuring RIP route control ··························································································································· 48
Configuring an additional routing metric ··································································································· 48
Configuring RIPv2 route summarization ·································································································· 49
Disabling host route reception ·················································································································· 50
Advertising a default route ······················································································································· 50
Configuring received/redistributed route filtering······················································································ 51
Setting a preference for RIP ····················································································································· 52
Configuring RIP route redistribution ········································································································· 52
Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ··············································································································· 53
Setting RIP timers ···································································································································· 53
Enabling split horizon and poison reverse ······························································································· 53
Setting the maximum number of RIP ECMP routes ················································································· 54
Setting the RIP triggered update interval ································································································· 54
Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ································································································· 55
Setting the maximum length of RIP packets ···························································································· 55
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing RIP packets ··················································································· 56
Configuring RIP network management ············································································································ 56
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Configuring RIP GR ········································································································································· 56
Enabling RIP NSR············································································································································ 57
Configuring BFD for RIP ·································································································································· 58
About BFD for RIP ··································································································································· 58
Restrictions and guidelines ······················································································································ 58
Configuring single-hop echo detection (for a directly connected RIP neighbor) ······································ 58
Configuring single-hop echo detection (for a specific destination) ··························································· 59
Configuring bidirectional control detection for an indirectly connected neighbor ····································· 59
Configuring bidirectional control detection for a directly connected neighbor ·········································· 60
Configuring RIP FRR ······································································································································· 60
About RIP FRR ········································································································································ 60
Restrictions and guidelines for RIP FRR ·································································································· 61
Enabling RIP FRR ···································································································································· 61
Enabling BFD bidirectional control detection for RIP FRR ······································································· 61
Enabling BFD single-hop echo detection for RIP FRR ············································································ 62
Enhancing RIP security ···································································································································· 62
Enabling zero field check for incoming RIPv1 messages ········································································ 62
Enabling source IP address check for incoming RIP updates ································································· 63
Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ····························································································· 63
Verifying and maintaining RIP ·························································································································· 64
Verifying RIP configuration and running status ························································································ 64
Clearing statistics for a RIP process ········································································································ 64
Resetting a RIP process ·························································································································· 64
RIP configuration examples ····························································································································· 64
Example: Configuring basic RIP ·············································································································· 64
Example: Configuring RIP route redistribution ························································································· 67
Example: Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface································································· 70
Example: Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route ········································································ 71
Example: Configuring RIP GR ················································································································· 74
Example: Configuring RIP NSR ··············································································································· 75
Example: Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection for a directly connected neighbor) ········· 77
Example: Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection for a specific destination) ······················ 79
Example: Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional control detection for an indirectly connected neighbor)
································································································································································· 82
Example: Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional control detection for a directly connected neighbor) ··· 85
Example: Configuring RIP FRR ··············································································································· 87
Configuring OSPF························································································ 91
About OSPF ····················································································································································· 91
OSPF features ········································································································································· 91
OSPF packets ·········································································································································· 91
LSA types ················································································································································· 91
OSPF areas ············································································································································· 92
Router types ············································································································································· 94
Route types ·············································································································································· 95
Router ID ·················································································································································· 96
Route calculation ······································································································································ 96
OSPF network types ································································································································ 96
DR and BDR ············································································································································ 97
Protocols and standards ·························································································································· 98
Restrictions and guidelines: OSPF configuration ····························································································· 99
OSPF tasks at a glance ··································································································································· 99
Configuring basic OSPF functions ················································································································· 100
Enabling an OSPF process ···················································································································· 100
Configuring an OSPF area ····················································································································· 101
Enabling OSPF ······································································································································ 101
Establishing OSPF neighbor relationships on a DRNI network ····························································· 102
Configuring OSPF areas ································································································································ 104
About OSPF area configuration ············································································································· 104
Configuring a stub area ·························································································································· 104
Configuring an NSSA area ····················································································································· 105
Configuring a virtual link ························································································································· 105
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Configuring OSPF network types ··················································································································· 106
Restrictions and guidelines for configuring OSPF network types ·························································· 106
Configuring the broadcast network type for an interface········································································ 106
Configuring the NBMA network type for an interface ············································································· 106
Configuring the P2MP network type for an interface·············································································· 107
Configuring the P2P network type for an interface················································································· 108
Configuring OSPF route control ····················································································································· 108
Configuring OSPF inter-area route summarization ················································································ 108
Configuring redistributed route summarization ······················································································ 108
Configuring received OSPF route filtering ······························································································ 109
Configuring Type-3 LSA filtering ············································································································ 109
Setting an OSPF cost for an interface···································································································· 110
Associating OSPF with Track················································································································· 111
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes ······················································································ 112
Setting OSPF preference ······················································································································· 113
Configuring discard routes for summary networks ················································································· 114
Redistributing routes from another routing protocol ··············································································· 114
Redistributing a default route ················································································································· 115
Advertising a host route ························································································································· 116
Advertising OSPF link state information to BGP ···················································································· 116
Setting OSPF timers ······································································································································ 117
About setting OSPF timers ····················································································································· 117
Configuring OSPF packet timers ············································································································ 117
Setting LSA transmission delay ············································································································· 118
Setting SPF calculation interval ············································································································· 118
Setting the LSA arrival interval ··············································································································· 118
Setting the LSA update interval ·············································································································· 119
Setting OSPF exit overflow interval········································································································ 119
Setting the LSU transmit rate ················································································································· 120
Configuring OSPF packet parameters ··········································································································· 120
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets ··························································· 120
Adding the interface MTU into DD packets ···························································································· 121
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing OSPF packets ············································································· 121
Setting the maximum length of OSPF packets that can be sent by an interface ··································· 122
Controlling LSA generation, advertisement, and reception ············································································ 122
Setting the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB······································································· 122
Filtering outbound LSAs on an interface ································································································ 122
Filtering LSAs for the specified neighbor ······························································································· 123
Configuring update suppression ············································································································ 123
Accelerating OSPF convergence speed ········································································································ 124
Enabling OSPF ISPF ····························································································································· 124
Configuring prefix suppression ··············································································································· 124
Configuring prefix prioritization ··············································································································· 125
Configuring OSPF PIC ··························································································································· 126
Configuring advanced OSPF features ··········································································································· 127
Configuring stub routers ························································································································· 127
Configuring OSPF isolation ···················································································································· 128
Configuring OSPF shutdown ·················································································································· 129
Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583···································································································· 129
Configuring OSPF dynamic host name mappings ················································································· 130
Configuring OSPF GR···································································································································· 130
About OSPF GR ····································································································································· 130
Restrictions and guidelines for OSPF GR ······························································································ 131
Configuring OSPF GR restarter ············································································································· 131
Configuring OSPF GR helper ················································································································· 132
Triggering OSPF GR ······························································································································ 133
Configuring OSPF NSR ································································································································· 133
Configuring BFD for OSPF····························································································································· 133
About BFD for OSPF ······························································································································ 133
Configuring bidirectional control detection ····························································································· 134
Configuring single-hop echo detection ··································································································· 134
Configuring OSPF FRR·································································································································· 134
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About OSPF FRR ··································································································································· 134
Restrictions and guidelines for OSPF FRR ···························································································· 135
OSPF FRR tasks at a glance ················································································································· 135
Configuring OSPF LFA FRR ·················································································································· 135
Configuring OSPF remote LFA FRR ······································································································ 136
Configuring OSPF FRR to use a backup next hop specified in a routing policy ···································· 138
Setting the priority for FRR backup path selection policies ···································································· 138
Configuring BFD control packet mode for OSPF FRR ··········································································· 140
Configuring BFD echo packet mode for OSPF FRR ·············································································· 140
Enabling OSPF to adjust the interface cost according to the link quality ······················································· 141
Configuring OSPF authentication ·················································································································· 141
About OSPF area and interface authentication······················································································ 141
Configuring OSPF area authentication ·································································································· 141
Configuring OSPF interface authentication ···························································································· 142
Configuring GTSM for OSPF ························································································································· 142
About GTSM ·········································································································································· 142
Restrictions and guidelines for GTSM ···································································································· 143
Configuring GTSM in OSPF area view ·································································································· 143
Configuring GTSM in interface view ······································································································· 143
Configuring OSPF logging and SNMP notifications ······················································································· 144
Logging neighbor state changes ············································································································ 144
Configuring the OSPF logging feature ··································································································· 144
Configuring OSPF network management ······························································································ 144
Setting the maximum number of OSPF neighbor relationship troubleshooting entries·························· 145
Verifying and maintaining OSPF ···················································································································· 145
Verifying OSPF configuration and running status ·················································································· 146
Displaying and clearing OSPF statistics ································································································ 147
Display and clear OSPF neighbor relationship troubleshooting information ·········································· 148
Verifying OSPF route summarization configuration ··············································································· 148
Displaying and clearing GTSM discarded packet statistics ···································································· 148
Displaying and clearing OSPF log information······················································································· 148
Displaying and clearing OSPF hello packet log information ·································································· 149
Maintaining OSPF ·································································································································· 149
OSPF configuration examples ······················································································································· 149
Example: Configuring basic OSPF········································································································· 149
Example: Configuring OSPF route redistribution ··················································································· 152
Example: Configuring OSPF route summarization ················································································ 154
Example: Configuring OSPF stub area ·································································································· 157
Example: Configuring OSPF NSSA area ······························································································· 159
Example: Configuring OSPF DR election ······························································································ 161
Example: Configuring OSPF virtual link ································································································· 165
Example: Configuring OSPF GR ············································································································ 168
Example: Configuring OSPF NSR ········································································································· 170
Example: Configuring BFD for OSPF ····································································································· 172
Example: Configuring OSPF FRR ·········································································································· 176
Troubleshooting OSPF configuration ············································································································· 179
No OSPF neighbor relationship established ·························································································· 179
Incorrect routing information ·················································································································· 179
Configuring IS-IS ······················································································· 181
About IS-IS ····················································································································································· 181
Terminology ··········································································································································· 181
IS-IS address ········································································································································· 181
NET ························································································································································ 182
IS-IS area ··············································································································································· 183
IS-IS topology ········································································································································· 183
Route leaking ········································································································································· 184
IS-IS network types ································································································································ 184
DIS and pseudonodes···························································································································· 184
IS-IS PDUs ············································································································································· 185
IPv6 IS-IS ··············································································································································· 187
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 187
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IPv4 IS-IS tasks at a glance ··························································································································· 188
IPv6 IS-IS tasks at a glance ··························································································································· 190
Configuring basic IS-IS ·································································································································· 191
Enabling IPv4 IS-IS ································································································································ 191
Enabling IPv6 IS-IS ································································································································ 192
Setting the IS level and circuit level ······································································································· 192
Configuring P2P network type for an interface ······················································································· 193
Configuring IS-IS multi-instance processes ··································································································· 194
Configuring IS-IS route control ······················································································································· 194
Configuring IS-IS link cost ······················································································································ 194
Enabling IS-IS to advertise the maximum link cost to neighbors ··························································· 197
Specifying a preference for IS-IS ··········································································································· 197
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes ··············································································· 198
Configuring IS-IS route summarization ·································································································· 199
Advertising a default route ····················································································································· 199
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ····································································································· 200
Filtering routes calculated from received LSPs ······················································································ 202
Configuring IS-IS route leaking ·············································································································· 202
Advertising IS-IS link state information to other protocols······································································ 204
Configuring IS-IS to advertise network performance parameters ·································································· 204
About IS-IS network performance parameters ······················································································· 204
Restrictions and guidelines ···················································································································· 205
Enabling IS-IS to advertise link attributes in LSPs ················································································· 205
Advertising link delay information··········································································································· 205
Advertising link bandwidth information ··································································································· 207
Configuring IS-IS flexible algorithm ················································································································ 208
About IS-IS flexible algorithm ················································································································· 208
IS-IS flexible algorithm tasks at a glance ······························································································· 210
Prerequisites ·········································································································································· 210
Mapping an affinity attribute name to an affinity bit ················································································ 210
Assigning affinity attributes to IS-IS links ······························································································· 211
Configuring a flexible algorithm ·············································································································· 211
Configuring the metric type of a flexible algorithm ················································································· 212
Configuring flexible algorithm FRR ········································································································ 214
Configuring flexible algorithm TI-LFA FRR ···························································································· 215
Set the priority of an FRR backup path selection policy ········································································· 218
Applying a flexible algorithm to SR-MPLS ····························································································· 219
Applying a flexible algorithm to SRv6····································································································· 220
Configuring IS-IS timers ································································································································· 221
Specifying the interval for sending IS-IS hello packets ·········································································· 221
Specifying the interval for sending IS-IS CSNP packets ········································································ 221
Setting the maximum age of LSPs ········································································································· 222
Setting the LSP refresh interval and generation interval ········································································ 222
Setting LSP sending intervals ················································································································ 223
Setting the LSP receiving interval ·········································································································· 223
Setting the lifetime for expired LSPs in the LSDB ·················································································· 224
Setting the SPF calculation interval ······································································································· 224
Configuring IS-IS packet-related features ······································································································ 225
Configuring a DIS priority for an interface ······························································································ 225
Configuring the administrative tag value for an interface ······································································· 226
Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier········································································································ 228
Disabling an interface from sending/receiving IS-IS packets ································································· 228
Enabling an interface to send small hello packets ················································································· 228
Setting LSP lengths ································································································································ 229
Enabling LSP flash flooding ··················································································································· 229
Enabling LSP fragment extension ·········································································································· 230
Controlling LSP generation, advertisement and reception ············································································· 231
Limiting LSP flooding ····························································································································· 231
Configuring IS-IS route update suppression ·························································································· 232
Configuring advanced IS-IS features ············································································································· 232
Configuring convergence priorities for specific routes ··········································································· 232
Setting the LSDB overload bit ················································································································ 233
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Setting IS-IS interface cost upon LSDB overload ·················································································· 235
Configuring IS-IS isolation ······················································································································ 236
Configuring IS-IS shutdown ··················································································································· 236
Configuring the ATT bit ·························································································································· 237
Configuring system ID to host name mappings ····················································································· 238
Configuring IS-IS logging and SNMP notifications ························································································· 239
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes ···················································································· 239
Setting the maximum number of log entries that can be recorded························································· 239
Setting the maximum number of IS-IS neighbor relationship troubleshooting entries ··························· 240
Configuring IS-IS network management ································································································ 240
Configuring IS-IS fast convergence ··············································································································· 241
Enabling ISPF ········································································································································ 241
Enabling prefix suppression ··················································································································· 241
Configuring IS-IS PIC ····························································································································· 242
Enhancing IS-IS network security ·················································································································· 243
Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ··················································································· 243
Configuring area authentication ············································································································· 244
Configuring routing domain authentication····························································································· 244
Configuring IS-IS GR ····································································································································· 245
Configuring IS-IS NSR ··································································································································· 246
Configuring BFD for IS-IS ······························································································································ 246
Enabling BFD for IS-IS ··························································································································· 246
Applying a BFD template for IS-IS ········································································································· 248
Enabling IS-IS to adjust the interface cost according to the BFD session state ···································· 249
Controlling IS-IS adjacency establishment and maintenance based on BFD session state ·················· 251
Configuring IS-IS FRR ··································································································································· 253
About IS-IS FRR ···································································································································· 253
IS-IS FRR tasks at a glance ··················································································································· 253
Configuring IS-IS LFA FRR ···················································································································· 254
Configuring IS-IS remote LFA FRR········································································································ 257
Setting the priority for FRR backup path selection policies ···································································· 259
Enabling IS-IS to adjust the interface cost according to the link quality ························································· 261
Displaying and maintaining IPv4 IS-IS ··········································································································· 261
Displaying IPv4 IS-IS configuration and running status ········································································· 261
Displaying and clearing IPv4 IS-IS statistics ·························································································· 263
Displaying and clearing IPv4 IS-IS log information ················································································ 263
Displaying and clearing troubleshooting information about IPv4 IS-IS neighbor relationship ················ 264
Maintaining IPv4 IS-IS ···························································································································· 264
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS ··········································································································· 265
Displaying IPv6 IS-IS configuration and running status ········································································· 265
Displaying and clearing IPv6 IS-IS information ······················································································ 266
Displaying and clearing IPv6 IS-IS log information ················································································ 266
Displaying and clearing troubleshooting information about IPv6 IS-IS neighbor relationship ················ 267
Maintaining IPv6 IS-IS ···························································································································· 267
IS-IS configuration examples ························································································································· 268
Example: Configuring basic IS-IS ·········································································································· 268
Example: Configuring DIS election ········································································································ 272
Example: Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ····················································································· 276
Example: Configuring IS-IS authentication ···························································································· 280
Example: Configuring IS-IS GR ············································································································· 282
Example: Configuring IS-IS NSR ··········································································································· 283
Example: Configuring BFD for IS-IS ······································································································ 286
Example: Configuring IS-IS FRR ··········································································································· 290
Example: Configuring IS-IS remote LFA FRR ························································································ 293
Example: Configuring IS-IS multi-instance processes ··········································································· 297
IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples ················································································································· 301
Example: Configuring IPv6 IS-IS basics ································································································ 301
Example: Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ······························································································ 305
Example: Configuring IPv6 IS-IS FRR ··································································································· 308
Example: Applying a flexible algorithm to IS-IS SRv6 ············································································ 311
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BGP overview ···························································································· 326
BGP characteristics········································································································································ 326
BGP speaker and BGP peer ·························································································································· 326
BGP message types ······································································································································ 326
BGP finite state machine································································································································ 327
BGP path attributes ········································································································································ 328
BGP route selection ······································································································································· 332
BGP route advertisement rules ······················································································································ 333
BGP load balancing ······································································································································· 333
Settlements for problems in large-scale BGP networks ················································································· 334
MP-BGP ························································································································································· 337
BGP multi-instance ········································································································································ 339
BGP configuration views ································································································································ 339
Protocols and standards ································································································································ 341
Building basic BGP networks ····································································· 343
Basic BGP network configuration tasks at a glance (IPv4 unicast/IPv4 multicast) ········································ 343
Basic BGP network configuration tasks at a glance (IPv6 unicast/IPv6 multicast) ········································ 344
Configuring basic BGP ··································································································································· 345
Enabling BGP ········································································································································· 345
Configuring a BGP peer ························································································································· 346
Configuring dynamic BGP peers ············································································································ 349
Configuring an IBGP peer group ············································································································ 352
Configuring an EBGP peer group ·········································································································· 356
Specifying the source address of TCP connections ··············································································· 367
Controlling BGP route generation ·················································································································· 369
Injecting a local network ························································································································· 369
Redistributing IGP routes ······················································································································· 370
Configuring BGP route summarization ··································································································· 372
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group················································································ 374
Controlling BGP route advertisement············································································································· 376
Advertising optimal routes in the IP routing table ··················································································· 376
Enabling prioritized withdrawal of the default route················································································ 377
Enabling prioritized withdrawal of specific routes··················································································· 377
Configuring BGP route distribution filtering policies ··············································································· 378
Enabling first-AS-number check for EBGP routes before route advertisement ····································· 382
Setting the BGP route sending rate ······································································································· 383
Configuring BGP route update delay ····································································································· 383
Control the frequency of sending the same route update ······································································ 384
Applying route update interval setting to withdrawn routes ···································································· 385
Configuring BGP route advertisement delay ·························································································· 386
Configuring a startup policy for BGP route updates ··············································································· 386
Setting the send buffer size for BGP sessions ······················································································· 387
Configuring the BGP update message sending parameters ·········································································· 388
About this task ········································································································································ 388
Restrictions and guidelines ···················································································································· 388
Setting the update interval and the maximum number of update messages that can be sent each time
······························································································································································· 388
Setting the update message send queue parameters ··········································································· 389
Controlling BGP route reception ···················································································································· 390
Limiting routes received from a peer or peer group ··············································································· 390
Configuring BGP route reception filtering policies·················································································· 391
Configuring the SoO attribute ················································································································· 394
Configuring BGP timers ································································································································· 395
Configuring the keepalive interval and hold time ··················································································· 395
Setting the session retry timer ················································································································ 397
Setting an update delay for local MPLS labels······················································································· 398
Configuring BGP logging and notifications ···································································································· 398
Enabling logging for session state changes ··························································································· 398
Enabling logging for BGP route flapping ································································································ 399
Configuring BGP network management ································································································· 400
ix
Verifying and maintaining basic BGP network configuration·········································································· 401
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv4 unicast address family) ····································· 401
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv6 unicast address family) ····································· 402
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv4 multicast address family) ·································· 404
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv6 multicast address family) ·································· 405
Resetting BGP sessions ························································································································ 406
Displaying and clearing BGP route flapping statistics ············································································ 406
Basic IPv4 BGP network configuration examples ·························································································· 407
Example: Configuring basic BGP ··········································································································· 407
Example: Configuring BGP and IGP route redistribution ······································································· 412
Example: Configuring dynamic BGP peers ···························································································· 414
Example: Configuring BGP route summarization ··················································································· 416
Basic IPv6 BGP network configuration examples ·························································································· 420
Example: Configuring IPv6 BGP basics ································································································· 420
Example: Configuring IPv6 multicast BGP ····························································································· 423
Troubleshooting BGP ····································································································································· 426
State of the connection to a peer cannot become established ······························································ 426
Configuring large-scale BGP networks ······················································ 427
Large-scale BGP network configuration tasks at a glance ············································································ 427
Configuring BGP route dampening ················································································································ 427
Configuring BGP communities ······················································································································· 428
Configuring BGP route reflection ··················································································································· 431
Configuring a BGP route reflector ·········································································································· 431
Ignoring the ORIGINATOR_ID attribute ································································································· 434
Configuring BGP confederation settings ········································································································ 435
About BGP confederation ······················································································································ 435
Configuring a BGP confederation ·········································································································· 435
Configuring confederation compatibility ································································································· 436
Verifying and maintaining large-scale BGP network configuration ································································ 436
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv4 unicast address family) ····································· 436
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv6 unicast address family) ····································· 436
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv4 multicast address family) ·································· 437
Verifying BGP configuration and running status (IPv6 multicast address family) ·································· 437
Displaying and clearing BGP route flapping statistics ············································································ 438
Large-scale BGP network configuration examples ························································································ 439
Example: Configuring BGP communities ······························································································· 439
Example: Configuring BGP route reflector ····························································································· 442
Example: Configuring BGP confederation ····························································································· 444
Controlling BGP path selection ·································································· 450
BGP path selection control tasks at a glance································································································· 450
Configuring preferences for BGP routes ········································································································ 451
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute ············································································································ 452
Setting the local router as the next hop·································································································· 452
Disabling nexthop changing for routes advertised to a peer or peer group ··········································· 454
Advertising only the global unicast address in the NEXT_HOP attribute ··············································· 456
Setting a preferred value for received routes ································································································· 458
Configuring the default local preference ········································································································ 459
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ··············································································································· 460
Permitting local AS number to appear in routes from a peer or peer group··········································· 460
Ignoring the AS_PATH attribute during optimal route selection ····························································· 461
Advertising a fake AS number to a peer or peer group ·········································································· 462
Configuring AS number substitution ······································································································· 462
Removing/replacing private AS numbers in BGP updates ····································································· 464
Ignoring the first AS number of EBGP route updates ············································································ 466
Setting an AS number quantity threshold ······························································································· 467
Configuring the MED attribute ························································································································ 467
About the MED attribute ························································································································· 467
Configuring the default MED value ········································································································ 467
Enabling MED comparison for routes from different ASs ······································································· 468
Enabling MED comparison for routes on a per-AS basis ······································································· 469
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Enabling MED comparison for routes from confederation peers ··························································· 470
Enabling BGP to use the MED and IGP metric together for optimal route selection ····························· 471
Configuring the link bandwidth attribute ········································································································· 471
Minimizing the priority of BGP routes advertised to peers ············································································· 475
Minimizing the priority of BGP routes advertised to peers with a DOWN-to-UP state change ·············· 475
Minimizing the priority of BGP routes advertised to peers after a device reboot ··································· 482
Restoring the priority of advertised BGP routes ····················································································· 484
Preferring routes learned from a peer or peer group during optimal route selection ····································· 484
Configuring the AIGP attribute ······················································································································· 485
Ignoring IGP metrics during optimal route selection ······················································································ 487
Ignoring router IDs during optimal route selection ························································································· 488
Configuring the next hop type selection rule for optimal route selection ························································ 488
About tunnel next hops ·························································································································· 488
Permitting BGP routes with only tunnel next hops to participate in optimal route selection ··················· 488
Preferring BGP routes of a specific next hop type during optimal route selection ································· 489
Verifying and maintaining BGP path selection control················································································ 490
BGP path selection control configuration examples ······················································································ 490
Example: Configuring BGP path selection ····························································································· 490
Tuning and optimizing BGP networks ························································ 494
BGP network tuning and optimization tasks at a glance ················································································ 494
Setting the TCP MSS for TCP connections ··································································································· 495
Enabling BGP to establish an EBGP session over multiple hops ·································································· 496
Enabling immediate re-establishment of direct EBGP connections upon link failure ····································· 497
Enabling BGP ORF capabilities negotiation ·································································································· 497
About BGP ORF ····································································································································· 497
Restrictions and guidelines ···················································································································· 497
Enabling BGP ORF capabilities negotiation for a peer or peer group···················································· 497
Enabling nonstandard BGP ORF capabilities negotiation for a peer or peer group······························· 499
Verifying and maintaining BGP ORF······································································································ 499
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ······································································································· 499
Disabling BGP session establishment ··········································································································· 500
About disabling BGP session establishment ·························································································· 500
Restrictions and guidelines ···················································································································· 501
Disabling BGP session establishment with a peer or peer group (IPv4 peers)······································ 501
Disabling BGP session establishment with a peer or peer group (IPv6 peers)······································ 502
Disabling BGP session establishment with all peers or peer groups ····················································· 502
Configuring BGP soft-reset ···························································································································· 503
About BGP soft-reset ····························································································································· 503
Enabling route refresh (IPv4 peers) ······································································································· 503
Enabling route refresh (IPv6 peers) ······································································································· 504
Saving updates(IPv4 unicast/multicast address family) ········································································· 504
Saving updates (IPv6 unicast/multicast address family) ········································································ 505
Configuring manual soft-reset(IPv4 unicast/multicast address family) ··················································· 505
Configuring manual soft-reset (IPv6 unicast/multicast address family) ·················································· 506
Configuring BGP load balancing ···················································································································· 507
Configuring the BGP Additional Paths feature ······························································································· 510
Configuring BGP optimal route selection delay ····························································································· 511
Configuring the BGP session state to collaborate with the monitor link downlink interfaces ························· 513
Setting the delay time for responding to recursive next hop changes ··························································· 517
Specifying the longest match principle for next hop recursion ······································································· 519
Enabling routing policy-based nexthop recursion ·························································································· 520
Configuring peer flap dampening ··················································································································· 523
Protecting an EBGP peer when memory usage reaches level 2 threshold ··················································· 523
Setting a DSCP value for outgoing BGP packets ·························································································· 524
Flushing the suboptimal BGP route to the RIB ······························································································ 525
Enabling BGP to not flush specific routes to the routing table ······································································· 525
Specifying a label allocation mode ················································································································· 526
Disabling optimal route selection for labeled routes without tunnel information············································· 527
Disabling MPLS local IFNET tunnel establishment ························································································ 527
Enabling peer unreachability detection ·········································································································· 528
Enabling fast host route update upon user migration ···················································································· 529
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Enabling conversational remote host route learning ······················································································ 530
Resetting BGP sessions ································································································································ 531
BGP network tuning and optimization configuration examples ······································································ 532
Example: Configuring BGP load balancing ···························································································· 532
Example: Configuring the BGP Additional Paths feature ······································································· 535
Configuring BGP security features ····························································· 538
BGP security feature configuration tasks at a glance ···················································································· 538
Enabling MD5 authentication for BGP peers ································································································· 538
Configuring GTSM for BGP···························································································································· 539
Enabling keychain authentication for BGP peers ··························································································· 540
Configuring BGP RPKI ··································································································································· 540
About BGP RPKI ···································································································································· 540
Configuring RPKI connection parameters ······························································································ 541
Enabling BGP RPKI validation ··············································································································· 542
Applying the BGP RPKI validation state to optimal route selection ······················································· 542
Advertising BGP RPKI validation state to a peer or peer group ····························································· 544
Verifying and maintaining BGP security features ··························································································· 545
Verifying and maintaining BGP RPKI ····································································································· 545
Verifying and maintaining BGP GTSM ··································································································· 545
IPv4 BGP security feature configuration examples ························································································ 546
Example: Configuring BGP RPKI ··········································································································· 546
IPv6 BGP security feature configuration examples ························································································ 548
Example: Configuring BGP RPKI ··········································································································· 548
Improving BGP network reliability ······························································ 552
BGP network reliability improvement tasks at a glance ················································································· 552
Configuring BGP GR ······································································································································ 552
Configuring BGP NSR···································································································································· 554
Configuring BFD for BGP ······························································································································· 555
Configuring BGP FRR ···································································································································· 556
About BGP FRR ····································································································································· 556
Configuring BGP FRR by using a routing policy (IPv4 unicast address family) ····································· 557
Configuring BGP FRR by using a routing policy (IPv6 unicast address family) ····································· 558
Configuring BGP FRR through PIC (IPv4 unicast address family) ························································ 559
Configuring BGP FRR through PIC (IPv6 unicast address family) ························································ 559
Configuring BFD-powered nexthop connectivity detection for BGP FRR ·············································· 560
Configuring BGP maintenance features ········································································································ 561
About BGP isolation and BGP shutdown ······························································································· 561
Configuring BGP isolation ······················································································································ 561
Configuring BGP shutdown ···················································································································· 562
IPv4 BGP network reliability improvement configuration examples ······························································· 562
Example: Configuring BGP GR ·············································································································· 562
Example: Configuring BFD for BGP ······································································································· 564
Example: Configuring BGP FRR ············································································································ 568
IPv6 BGP network reliability improvement configuration examples ······························································· 572
Example: Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP ······························································································· 572
Example: Configuring IPv6 BGP FRR ···································································································· 576
Configuring extended BGP features ·························································· 581
Extended BGP feature configuration tasks at a glance·················································································· 581
Configuring BMP ············································································································································ 581
Configuring BGP LS ······································································································································· 583
About BGP LS ········································································································································ 583
Configuring basic BGP LS ····················································································································· 583
Configuring BGP LS route reflection ······································································································ 584
Specifying an AS number and a router ID for BGP LS messages ························································· 584
Disabling nexthop changing for BGP LS routes ····················································································· 585
Enabling routing policy-based nexthop recursion for BGP LS routes ···················································· 585
Preferring routes learned from a peer or peer group during optimal route selection ····························· 585
Performing manual soft-reset for BGP sessions of LS address family ·················································· 586
Verifying and maintaining BGP LS ········································································································· 586
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Configuring 6PE ············································································································································· 587
About 6PE ·············································································································································· 587
Prerequisites ·········································································································································· 587
Configuring basic 6PE ···························································································································· 588
Configuring the BGP Additional Paths feature for 6PE ·········································································· 588
Controlling path selection for 6PE ·········································································································· 589
Controlling 6PE route advertisement and reception ··············································································· 589
Tuning and optimizing 6PE ···················································································································· 590
Specifying a label for 6PE routes ··········································································································· 591
Configuring 6PE route reflection ············································································································ 591
Resetting 6PE connections ···················································································································· 592
Extended IPv4 BGP feature configuration examples ····················································································· 592
Example: Configuring BGP LS ··············································································································· 592
Extended IPv6 BGP feature configuration examples ····················································································· 595
Example: Configuring 6PE ····················································································································· 595
Configuring PBR ························································································ 599
About PBR ····················································································································································· 599
Packet forwarding process ····················································································································· 599
PBR types ·············································································································································· 599
Policy ······················································································································································ 600
PBR and Track ······································································································································· 600
Restrictions and guidelines: PBR configuration ····························································································· 601
PBR tasks at a glance ···································································································································· 601
Configuring a policy········································································································································ 601
Creating a node ······································································································································ 601
Setting match criteria for a node ············································································································ 602
Configuring actions for a node ··············································································································· 602
Specifying a policy for PBR ···························································································································· 605
Specifying a policy for local PBR ··········································································································· 605
Specifying a policy for interface PBR ····································································································· 606
Enabling the PBR logging feature ·················································································································· 606
Verifying and maintaining PBR ······················································································································ 607
Verifying PBR policy configuration ········································································································· 607
Displaying PBR configuration and statistics ··························································································· 607
Clearing PBR statistics ··························································································································· 607
PBR configuration examples ·························································································································· 607
Example: Configuring packet type-based local PBR ·············································································· 607
Example: Configuring packet type-based interface PBR ······································································· 608
Example: Configuring source-IP-based interface PBR ·········································································· 610
Configuring IPv6 static routing ··································································· 612
About IPv6 static routing ································································································································ 612
Configuring an IPv6 static route ····················································································································· 612
Configuring IPv6 floating static routes············································································································ 613
Deleting IPv6 static routes ····························································································································· 613
Configuring the next hop of an IPv6 static route as the gateway address ····················································· 613
Configuring BFD for IPv6 static routes ··········································································································· 614
About BFD for IPv6 static routes ············································································································ 614
Restrictions and guidelines for BFD ······································································································· 614
Configuring BFD control packet mode ··································································································· 615
Configuring BFD echo packet mode ······································································································ 616
Configuring IPv6 static route FRR ················································································································· 616
About IPv6 static route FRR ··················································································································· 616
Restrictions and guidelines for IPv6 static route FRR ············································································ 617
Configuring IPv6 static route FRR to automatically select a backup next hop ······································· 617
Enabling BFD echo packet mode for IPv6 static route FRR ·································································· 617
Allowing IPv6 static routes to recurse to SRv6 TE policy tunnels or LSP tunnels ········································· 618
Enabling periodic sending of ND requests to the next hops of IPv6 static routes ·········································· 618
Verifying and maintaining IPv6 static routing ································································································· 619
IPv6 static routing configuration examples ···································································································· 619
Example: Configuring basic IPv6 static route························································································· 619
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Example: Configuring BFD for IPv6 static routes (direct next hop) ························································ 621
Example: Configuring BFD for IPv6 static routes (indirect next hop) ····················································· 623
Configuring an IPv6 default route······························································· 627
Configuring RIPng ····················································································· 628
About RIPng ··················································································································································· 628
RIPng routing metrics ····························································································································· 628
RIPng route entries ································································································································ 628
RIPng packets and advertisement ········································································································· 628
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 628
RIPng tasks at a glance ································································································································· 629
Configuring basic RIPng ································································································································ 629
Configuring RIPng route control ····················································································································· 630
Configuring an additional routing metric ································································································· 630
Configuring RIPng route summarization ································································································ 630
Advertising a default route ····················································································································· 631
Configuring received/redistributed route filtering···················································································· 631
Setting a preference for RIPng ··············································································································· 631
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··································································································· 632
Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network ····································································································· 632
Setting RIPng timers ······························································································································ 632
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ························································································· 633
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes ······················································································ 633
Configuring the RIPng packet sending rate ··························································································· 633
Setting the interval for sending triggered updates ·················································································· 634
Configuring RIPng GR ··································································································································· 634
Configuring RIPng NSR ································································································································· 635
Configuring RIPng FRR ································································································································· 636
About RIPng FRR ·································································································································· 636
Restrictions and guidelines for RIPng FRR ···························································································· 636
Enabling RIPng FRR ······························································································································ 636
Enabling BFD for RIPng FRR ················································································································ 637
Enhancing RIPng security ······························································································································ 637
Configuring zero field check for RIPng packets ····················································································· 637
Verifying and maintaining RIPng ···················································································································· 638
Verifying RIPng configuration and running status ·················································································· 638
Clearing statistics for a RIPng process ·································································································· 638
Resetting a RIPng process ···················································································································· 638
RIPng configuration examples ······················································································································· 638
Example: Configuring basic RIPng ········································································································ 638
Example: Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··················································································· 641
Example: Configuring RIPng GR ··········································································································· 644
Example: Configuring RIPng NSR ········································································································· 645
Example: Configuring RIPng FRR ········································································································· 647
Configuring OSPFv3 ·················································································· 651
About OSPFv3 ··············································································································································· 651
Comparison of OSPFv3 with OSPFv2 ··································································································· 651
OSPFv3 packets ···································································································································· 651
OSPFv3 LSA types ································································································································ 651
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 652
OSPFv3 tasks at a glance······························································································································ 652
Enabling OSPFv3··········································································································································· 654
Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters ··········································································································· 654
About OSPFv3 areas ····························································································································· 654
Configuring a stub area ·························································································································· 655
Configuring an NSSA area ····················································································································· 655
Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link ········································································································ 656
Configuring OSPFv3 network types ··············································································································· 656
Restrictions and guidelines for OSPFv3 network type configuration ····················································· 656
Setting the broadcast network type for an OSPFv3 interface ································································ 656
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Setting the NBMA network type for an OSPFv3 interface ······································································ 657
Setting the P2MP network type for an OSPFv3 interface ······································································ 657
Setting the P2P network type for an OSPFv3 interface ········································································· 657
Configuring OSPFv3 route control ················································································································· 658
Configuring OSPFv3 inter-area route summarization ············································································ 658
Configuring redistributed route summarization ······················································································ 658
Configuring OSPFv3 received route filtering ·························································································· 659
Configuring Inter-Area-Prefix LSA filtering ····························································································· 659
Setting an OSPFv3 cost for an interface ································································································ 659
Associating OSPFv3 with Track ············································································································· 660
Setting the maximum number of OSPFv3 ECMP routes ······································································· 662
Setting a preference for OSPFv3 ··········································································································· 663
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ······························································································· 663
Configuring default route redistribution ·································································································· 664
Advertising OSPFv3 link state information to BGP ················································································ 664
Setting OSPFv3 timers··································································································································· 665
Setting OSPFv3 packet timers ··············································································································· 665
Setting LSA transmission delay ············································································································· 666
Setting SPF calculation interval ············································································································· 666
Setting the LSA generation interval········································································································ 667
Setting the LSU transmit rate ················································································································· 667
Setting a DR priority for an interface ·············································································································· 667
Configuring OSPFv3 packet parameters ······································································································· 668
Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ······································································································ 668
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing OSPFv3 packets ········································································· 668
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets ························································ 668
Accelerating OSPFv3 convergence speed ···································································································· 669
Configuring OSPFv3 ISPF ····················································································································· 669
Configuring prefix suppression ··············································································································· 669
Configuring PIC ······································································································································ 670
Configuring OSPFv3 advanced features········································································································ 671
Configuring a stub router ························································································································ 671
Configuring OSPFv3 isolation ················································································································ 672
Configuring OSPFv3 shutdown ·············································································································· 673
Configuring OSPFv3 GR ································································································································ 673
About OSPFv3 GR ································································································································· 673
Restrictions and guidelines for OSPFv3 GR ·························································································· 674
Configuring GR restarter ························································································································ 674
Configuring GR helper ··························································································································· 674
Triggering OSPFv3 GR ·························································································································· 674
Configuring OSPFv3 NSR······························································································································ 675
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3 ························································································································· 675
Configuring OSPFv3 FRR ······························································································································ 676
About OSPFv3 FRR ······························································································································· 676
Configuring OSPFv3 FRR to use the LFA algorithm to calculate a backup next hop ···························· 676
Configuring OSPFv3 FRR to use a backup next hop in a routing policy················································ 677
Setting the priority for FRR backup path selection policies ···································································· 677
Configuring BFD control packet mode for OSPFv3 FRR ······································································· 678
Configuring BFD echo packet mode for OSPFv3 FRR ·········································································· 679
Enhancing OSPFv3 security ·························································································································· 679
Configuring OSPFv3 authentication ······································································································· 679
Configuring OSPFv3 logging and SNMP notifications ··················································································· 680
Enabling logging for neighbor state changes ························································································· 680
Setting the maximum number of OSPFv3 logs ······················································································ 681
Configuring OSPFv3 network management··························································································· 681
Verifying and maintaining OSPFv3 ················································································································ 682
Verifying OSPFv3 configuration and running status ·············································································· 682
Verifying OSPFv3 route summarization configuration ··········································································· 683
Displaying and clearing OSPFv3 log information ··················································································· 683
Displaying and clearing OSPFv3 statistics····························································································· 683
Restarting an OSPFv3 process ·············································································································· 684
Restarting OSPFv3 route redistribution ································································································· 684
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OSPFv3 configuration examples···················································································································· 684
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 stub area ······························································································ 684
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 NSSA area ··························································································· 689
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 DR election ··························································································· 692
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ··············································································· 695
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization ············································································· 698
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 GR ········································································································ 702
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 NSR ······································································································ 703
Example: Configuring BFD for OSPFv3 ································································································· 704
Example: Configuring OSPFv3 FRR ······································································································ 707
Configuring IPv6 PBR ················································································ 711
About IPv6 PBR ············································································································································· 711
IPv6 packet forwarding process ············································································································· 711
IPv6 PBR types ······································································································································ 711
Policy ······················································································································································ 712
IPv6 PBR and Track ······························································································································· 713
Restrictions and guidelines: IPv6 PBR configuration ····················································································· 713
IPv6 PBR tasks at a glance···························································································································· 713
Configuring an IPv6 policy ····························································································································· 714
Creating an IPv6 node ··························································································································· 714
Setting match criteria for an IPv6 node ·································································································· 714
Configuring actions for an IPv6 node ····································································································· 714
Specifying a policy for IPv6 PBR ··················································································································· 718
Specifying an IPv6 policy for IPv6 local PBR ························································································· 718
Specifying an IPv6 policy for IPv6 interface PBR··················································································· 718
Enabling the IPv6 PBR logging feature ·········································································································· 719
Verifying and maintaining IPv6 PBR ·············································································································· 719
Verifying IPv6 PBR policy configuration ································································································· 719
Displaying IPv6 PBR configuration and statistics··················································································· 719
Clearing IPv6 PBR statistics ·················································································································· 719
IPv6 PBR configuration examples·················································································································· 720
Example: Configuring packet type-based IPv6 local PBR ····································································· 720
Example: Configuring packet type-based IPv6 interface PBR ······························································· 721
Configuring routing policies ········································································ 723
About routing policies ····································································································································· 723
Implementation of a routing policy ········································································································· 723
Filters ····················································································································································· 723
Routing policy tasks at a glance ···················································································································· 724
Configuring an IPv4 prefix list ························································································································ 725
Configuring an IPv6 prefix list ························································································································ 725
Configuring an AS path list····························································································································· 725
Configuring a community list ·························································································································· 728
Configuring a tag list ······································································································································ 729
Configuring an RD list ···································································································································· 729
Configuring a routing policy···························································································································· 729
Creating a routing policy ························································································································ 729
Configuring if-match clauses ·················································································································· 730
Configuring apply clauses ······················································································································ 732
Configuring the continue clause ············································································································· 734
Configuring the routing policy change delay timer ························································································· 735
Verifying and maintaining routing policies ······································································································ 736
Verifying routing policy configuration ····································································································· 736
Displaying and clearing BGP AS path list information ··········································································· 736
Displaying and clearing IP prefix list statistics························································································ 736
Routing policy configuration examples ·········································································································· 737
Example: Configuring a routing policy for IPv4 route redistribution ······················································· 737
Example: Configuring a routing policy for IPv6 route redistribution ······················································· 739
Configuring DCN ······················································································· 742
About DCN ····················································································································································· 742
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Basic concepts ······································································································································· 742
GNE ······················································································································································· 742
NE search ·············································································································································· 742
Automatic report ····································································································································· 742
DCN tasks at a glance ··································································································································· 743
Enabling DCN ················································································································································ 743
Configuring the NE ID and NE IP ··················································································································· 743
Configuring DCN VPN···································································································································· 744
Enabling the automatic report feature ············································································································ 744
Configuring the LLDP features ······················································································································· 745
Advertising the LLDP management address·························································································· 745
Enabling the device to generate ARP entries for received management address LLDP TLVs ············· 745
Verifying and maintaining DCN ······················································································································ 746
DCN configuration examples ························································································································· 746
Example: Configuring DCN ···················································································································· 746
Document conventions and icons ······························································ 752
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1
Configuring basic IP routing
About IP routing
IP routing directs IP packet forwarding on routers. Based on the destination IP address in the packet,
a router looks up a route for the packet in a routing table and forwards the packet to the next hop.
Routes are path information used to direct IP packets.
Routing table
A RIB contains the global routing information and related information, including route recursion, route
redistribution, and route extension information. The router selects optimal routes from the routing
table and puts them into the FIB table. It uses the FIB table to forward packets. For more information
about the FIB table, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide.
Route categories
Table 1 categorizes routes by different criteria.
Table 1 Route categories
Criterion
Categories
Origin
• Direct route—A direct route is discovered by the data link protocol on an
interface, and is also called an interface route.
• Static route—A static route is manually configured by an administrator.
• Dynamic route—A dynamic route is dynamically discovered by a routing
protocol.
Destination
• Network route—The destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32
bits.
• Host route—The destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.
Whether the
destination is directly
connected
• Direct route—The destination is directly connected.
• Indirect route—The destination is indirectly connected.
Dynamic routing protocols
Static routes work well in small, stable networks. They are easy to configure and require fewer
system resources. However, in networks where topology changes occur frequently, a typical practice
is to configure a dynamic routing protocol. Compared with static routing, a dynamic routing protocol
is complicated to configure, requires more router resources, and consumes more network resources.
Dynamic routing protocols dynamically collect and report reachability information to adapt to
topology changes. They are suitable for large networks.
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified by different criteria, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Categories of dynamic routing protocols
Criterion
Categories
Operation scope • IGPs—Work within an AS. Examples include RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
• EGPs—Work between ASs. The most popular EGP is BGP.
2
Criterion
Categories
Routing algorithm
• Distance-vector protocols—Examples include RIP and BGP. BGP is also
considered a path-vector protocol.
• Link-state protocols—Examples include OSPF and IS-IS.
Destination address
type
• Unicast routing protocols—Examples include RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
• Multicast routing protocols—Examples include PIM-SM and PIM-DM.
IP version
• IPv4 routing protocols—Examples include RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
• IPv6 routing protocols—Examples include RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and
IPv6 IS-IS.
An AS refers to a group of routers that use the same routing policy and work under the same
administration.
Route preference
Routing protocols, including static and direct routing, each by default have a preference. If they find
multiple routes to the same destination, the router selects the route with the highest preference as
the optimal route.
The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can configure a preference
for each static route and each dynamic routing protocol. The following table lists the route types and
default preferences. The smaller the value, the higher the preference.
Table 3 Route types and default route preferences
Route type
Preference
Direct route 0
OSPF 10
IS-IS 15
Unicast static route 60
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
OSPF NSSA 150
IBGP 255
EBGP 255
Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256
Load sharing
A routing protocol might find multiple optimal equal-cost routes to the same destination. You can use
these routes to implement equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) load sharing.
Static routing, IPv6 static routing, RIP, RIPng, OSPF, OSPFv3, BGP, IPv6 BGP, IS-IS, and IPv6 IS-IS
support ECMP load sharing.
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