Aruba R9F19A Configuration Guide

HPE FlexFabric 12900E Switch Series

EVPN Configuration Guide

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Contents

EVPN overview ······························································································ 1

EVPN solutions ·················································································································································· 1

EVPN VXLAN ············································································································································· 1

EVPN VPWS ·············································································································································· 1

EVPN VPLS ··············································································································································· 2

EVPN benefits ···················································································································································· 2

Layered transport network ································································································································· 3

MP-BGP extension for EVPN····························································································································· 3

RD and route target selection of BGP EVPN routes ·························································································· 4

EVPN VXLAN overview ················································································· 6

EVPN network model ········································································································································· 6

Configuration automation ··································································································································· 7

Assignment of traffic to VXLANs ························································································································ 7

Traffic from the local site to a remote site ·································································································· 7

Traffic from a remote site to the local site ·································································································· 8

Layer 2 forwarding ············································································································································· 8

MAC learning ············································································································································· 8

Unicast ······················································································································································· 8

Flood ·························································································································································· 9

Centralized EVPN gateway deployment ·········································································································· 10

Distributed EVPN gateway deployment ··········································································································· 11

About distributed EVPN gateway deployment ························································································· 11

Symmetric IRB ········································································································································· 12

Asymmetric IRB ······································································································································· 15

EVPN VXLAN multihoming ······························································································································ 16

About EVPN VXLAN multihoming ············································································································ 16

DF election ··············································································································································· 17

Split horizon ············································································································································· 19

Redundancy mode ··································································································································· 19

IP aliasing ················································································································································· 19

ARP and ND flood suppression ······················································································································· 20

MAC mobility ···················································································································································· 21

EVPN DRNI······················································································································································ 21

About EVPN DRNI ··································································································································· 21

VM reachability information synchronization ···························································································· 21

Virtual VTEP address ······························································································································· 22

Independent BGP neighbor relationship establishment ··········································································· 22

Site-facing link redundancy ······················································································································ 22

Configuring EVPN VXLAN ··········································································· 24

Restrictions and guidelines: EVPN VXLAN configuration ················································································ 24

EVPN VXLAN tasks at a glance ····················································································································· 24

Setting the forwarding mode for VXLANs ········································································································ 25

Configuring a VXLAN on a VSI ························································································································ 26

Configuring an EVPN instance ························································································································ 26

About EVPN instance configuration ········································································································· 26

Restrictions and guidelines for EVPN instance configuration ·································································· 27

Configuring an EVPN instance created in system view ··········································································· 27

Configuring an EVPN instance created in VSI view ················································································· 28

Configuring EVPN VXLAN multihoming ··········································································································· 28

Restrictions and guidelines for EVPN VXLAN multihoming ····································································· 28

Assigning an ESI to an interface ·············································································································· 29

Configuring the DF election algorithm ······································································································ 29

Setting the DF election delay ··················································································································· 30

Disabling advertisement of EVPN multihoming routes············································································· 31

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Enabling the device to ignore the Ethernet tag when advertising Ethernet auto-discovery routes and

MAC/IP advertisement routes ·················································································································· 31

Enabling the device to monitor the BGP peer status of another local edge device ································· 32

Configuring BGP to advertise BGP EVPN routes ···························································································· 33

Restrictions and guidelines for BGP EVPN route advertisement ····························································· 33

Enabling BGP to advertise BGP EVPN routes ························································································· 33

Configuring route advertisement settings································································································· 33

Preferring routes with an IPv6 next hop during optimal route selection ··················································· 35

Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup ·················································································· 36

Maintaining BGP sessions ······················································································································· 37

Mapping ACs to a VSI ······································································································································ 37

Mapping a Layer 3 interface to a VSI ······································································································· 37

Mapping an Ethernet service instance to a VSI ······················································································· 38

Mapping dynamic Ethernet service instances to VSIs ············································································· 38

Configuring a centralized EVPN gateway ········································································································ 40

Configuring a centralized gateway interface ···························································································· 40

Setting the static flag for the MAC addresses of centralized gateway interfaces ····································· 40

Configuring a distributed EVPN gateway ········································································································· 41

Restrictions and guidelines for distributed EVPN gateway configuration ················································· 41

Prerequisites for distributed EVPN gateway configuration······································································· 41

Configuring the traffic forwarding mode for EVPN VXLAN ······································································ 41

Configuring a VSI interface ······················································································································ 42

Configuring an L3 VXLAN ID for a VSI interface······················································································ 43

Configuring IP prefix route advertisement ································································································ 45

Configuring BGP route exchange between the public instance and VPN instances ······························· 46

Configuring the EVPN global MAC address····························································································· 48

Enabling the device to advertise ARP information for the distributed EVPN gateway interfaces through

MAC/IP advertisement routes ·················································································································· 49

Managing remote MAC address entries and remote ARP learning ································································· 49

Disabling remote MAC address learning and remote ARP learning ························································ 49

Disabling MAC address advertisement ···································································································· 50

Enabling MAC mobility event suppression ······························································································· 50

Disabling learning of MAC addresses from ARP or ND information ························································ 51

Disabling ARP information advertisement ································································································ 52

Disabling the VSI interface on a centralized EVPN gateway from learning ARP or ND information across

subnets ····················································································································································· 52

Enabling ARP mobility event suppression ······························································································· 53

Enabling ARP request proxy ···················································································································· 54

Enabling conversational learning for host route FIB entries ············································································ 55

Configuring BGP EVPN route redistribution and advertisement ······································································ 55

Redistributing MAC/IP advertisement routes into BGP unicast routing tables ········································· 55

Setting the metric of BGP EVPN routes added to a VPN instance's routing table ··································· 56

Enabling BGP EVPN route advertisement to the local site ······································································ 57

Disabling flooding for a VSI ······························································································································ 57

Enabling ARP or ND flood suppression ··········································································································· 58

Testing the connectivity of a VXLAN tunnel ····································································································· 59

Enabling overlay OAM ····························································································································· 59

Pinging a VXLAN tunnel destination ········································································································ 59

Tracing the path to a VXLAN tunnel destination ······················································································ 60

Configuring EVPN DRNI ·································································································································· 61

About this task ·········································································································································· 61

Restrictions and guidelines ······················································································································ 62

Prerequisites ············································································································································ 63

Procedure (IPv4) ······································································································································ 64

Procedure (IPv6) ······································································································································ 64

Verifying and maintaining EVPN VXLAN ········································································································· 65

Displaying EVPN running status and statistics ························································································ 65

Verifying MAC address information and ARP and ND information ·························································· 66

Advertising suppressed MAC addresses and ARP/ND information for suppressed IP addresses ·········· 67

EVPN VXLAN configuration examples ············································································································ 67

Example: Configuring a centralized IPv4 EVPN gateway ········································································ 67

Example: Configuring distributed IPv4 EVPN gateways in symmetric IRB mode ···································· 75

iii

Example: Configuring distributed IPv4 EVPN gateways in asymmetric IRB mode ·································· 85

Example: Configuring communication between IPv4 EVPN networks and the public network ················ 94

Example: Configuring IPv4 EVPN VXLAN multihoming ········································································· 105

Example: Configuring IPv4 EVPN distributed relay using a VXLAN tunnel as the IPL ·························· 124

Configuring EVPN VPLS············································································ 137

About EVPN VPLS ········································································································································· 137

EVPN VPLS network model ··················································································································· 137

Neighbor auto-discovery and PW establishment ··················································································· 137

MAC address learning, aging, and withdrawal ······················································································· 138

Traffic forwarding and flooding ··············································································································· 138

Full mesh and split horizon ···················································································································· 139

EVPN VPLS multihoming ······················································································································· 139

ARP flood suppression ··························································································································· 142

Control word ··········································································································································· 143

MAC mobility ·········································································································································· 143

EVPN VPLS tasks at a glance ······················································································································· 143

Restrictions and guidelines: EVPN VPLS configuration················································································· 144

Configuring a VSI ··········································································································································· 144

Creating a VSI ········································································································································ 144

Configure VSI parameters ······················································································································ 145

Configuring an EVPN instance ······················································································································ 145

About EVPN instance configuration ······································································································· 145

Restrictions and guidelines for EVPN instance configuration ································································ 145

Configuring an EVPN instance created in system view ········································································· 145

Configuring an EVPN instance created in VSI view ··············································································· 147

Mapping ACs to a VSI ···································································································································· 147

Mapping a Layer 3 interface to a VSI ····································································································· 147

Mapping an Ethernet service instance to a VSI ····················································································· 148

Configuring BGP to advertise BGP EVPN routes ·························································································· 149

Restrictions and guidelines for BGP EVPN route advertisement ··························································· 149

Enabling BGP to advertise BGP EVPN routes ······················································································· 149

Enabling advertisement of MPLS-encapsulated BGP EVPN routes ······················································ 149

Configuring optimal route selection and route advertisement settings··················································· 150

Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup ················································································ 151

Maintaining BGP sessions ····················································································································· 153

Configuring a PW class ·································································································································· 153

Configuring EVPN VPLS multihoming ··········································································································· 153

Restrictions and guidelines for EVPN VPLS multihoming ······································································ 153

Assigning an ESI to an interface ············································································································ 154

Configuring the DF election algorithm ···································································································· 154

Setting the DF election delay ················································································································· 155

Setting the advertisement delay timer for Ethernet auto-discovery routes············································· 156

Disabling advertisement of EVPN multihoming routes··········································································· 156

Configuring local FRR for EVPN VPLS ·································································································· 157

Generating MAC address entries for received MAC/IP advertisement routes ······································· 158

Enabling VSIs to ignore the state of ACs ······························································································· 158

Enabling the device to monitor the BGP peer status of another local edge device ······························· 159

Managing remote MAC address entries and remote ARP learning ······························································· 160

Disabling MAC address advertisement ·································································································· 160

Enabling MAC mobility event suppression ····························································································· 160

Disabling learning of MAC addresses from ARP or ND information ······················································ 161

Disabling ARP information advertisement ······························································································ 162

Confining floods to the local site ···················································································································· 162

Enabling ARP flood suppression···················································································································· 163

Enabling packet statistics for an AC··············································································································· 163

Testing the connectivity of an EVPN PW ······································································································· 164

Pinging a PW destination ······················································································································· 164

Tracing the path to a PW destination ····································································································· 165

Verifying and maintaining EVPN VPLS ·········································································································· 165

Displaying BGP EVPN running status and statistics information ··························································· 165

Displaying EVPN route information ········································································································ 166

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EVPN VPLS configuration examples ············································································································· 167

Example: Configuring EVPN VPLS between singlehomed sites ··························································· 167

Example: Configuring EVPN VPLS multihoming ··················································································· 171

Example: Configuring local FRR for EVPN VPLS ·················································································· 177

Configuring EVPN VPWS ·········································································· 185

About EVPN VPWS ······································································································································· 185

EVPN VPWS network model ················································································································· 185

Remote connection establishment ········································································································· 185

EVPN VPWS multihoming ····················································································································· 186

FRR for EVPN VPWS ···························································································································· 189

Control word ··········································································································································· 190

EVPN VPWS tasks at a glance ···················································································································· 190

Prerequisites for EVPN VPWS······················································································································· 191

Enabling L2VPN ············································································································································· 191

Configuring a Layer 3 interface with Ethernet or VLAN encapsulation ·························································· 191

Configuring an Ethernet service instance on an interface ············································································· 192

Configuring EVPN route advertisement ········································································································· 193

Restrictions and guidelines for EVPN route advertisement configuration ·············································· 193

Enabling BGP to advertise BGP EVPN routes ······················································································· 193

Enabling the device to advertise MPLS-encapsulated BGP EVPN routes ············································ 193

Configuring optimal route selection and route advertisement settings··················································· 194

Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup ················································································ 195

Maintaining BGP sessions ····················································································································· 197

Configuring a cross-connect ·························································································································· 197

Configuring a PW ··········································································································································· 197

Configuring a PW class ·························································································································· 197

Configuring an EVPN PW ······················································································································ 198

Mapping an AC to a cross-connect ················································································································ 199

About mapping an AC to a cross-connect······························································································ 199

Restrictions and guidelines for mapping an AC to a cross-connect ······················································· 199

Mapping a Layer 3 interface to a cross-connect ···················································································· 199

Mapping an Ethernet service instance to a cross-connect····································································· 200

Configuring EVPN VPWS multihoming ·········································································································· 200

Restrictions and guidelines for EVPN VPWS multihoming ···································································· 200

Assigning an ESI to an interface ············································································································ 201

Configuring the DF election algorithm ···································································································· 201

Setting the redundancy mode on an interface ······················································································· 202

Setting the DF election delay ················································································································· 203

Enabling fast DF/BDF switchover ·········································································································· 203

Disabling advertisement of EVPN multihoming routes··········································································· 205

Enabling cross-connects to ignore the state of ACs ·············································································· 205

Enabling the device to monitor the BGP peer status of another local edge device ······························· 206

Configuring FRR for EVPN VPWS ················································································································· 207

Configuring local FRR ···························································································································· 207

Configuring remote FRR ························································································································ 207

Testing the connectivity of an EVPN PW ······································································································· 208

Prerequisites for EVPN PW connectivity test ························································································· 208

Pinging a PW destination ······················································································································· 208

Tracing the path to a PW destination ····································································································· 208

Verifying and maintaining EVPN VPWS ········································································································ 209

Displaying EVPN running status and statistics ······················································································ 209

Displaying cross-connect group configuration and running status ························································· 210

Displaying AC configuration and running status ···················································································· 210

Displaying PW configuration and running status ···················································································· 211

EVPN VPWS configuration examples ············································································································ 211

Example: Configuring a remote connection between singlehomed sites ··············································· 211

Example: Configuring EVPN VPWS multihoming ·················································································· 216

Example: Configuring PW concatenation ······························································································· 223

Example: Configuring inter-AS option A ································································································· 227

Example: Configuring inter-AS option B ································································································· 233

Example: Configuring inter-AS option C ································································································ 240

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Example: Configure FRR for EVPN VPWS ···························································································· 247

Configuring EVPN-DCI ·············································································· 258

About EVPN-DCI············································································································································ 258

EVPN-DCI network model ······················································································································ 258

Working mechanisms ····························································································································· 258

EVPN-DCI dual-homing ························································································································· 258

EVPN-DCI DRNI ···································································································································· 259

Restrictions and guidelines: EVPN-DCI configuration ··················································································· 260

EVPN-DCI tasks at a glance ·························································································································· 260

Prerequisites for EVPN-DCI ··························································································································· 261

Configuring route reorigination on EDs ·········································································································· 261

Enabling route nexthop replacement and route router MAC replacement ············································· 261

Enabling an ED to replace the L3 VXLAN ID, RD, route targets of BGP EVPN routes ························· 262

Suppressing BGP EVPN route advertisement ······························································································· 263

Configuring VXLAN mapping ························································································································· 264

Configuring the BGP EVPN address family and the BGP VPNv4 or VPNv6 address family to exchange routes

······································································································································································· 265

About route exchange ···························································································································· 265

Enabling BGP VPNv4 or VPNv6 route advertisement for the BGP EVPN address family ···················· 266

Enabling BGP EVPN route advertisement for the BGP VPNv4 or VPNv6 address family ···················· 266

Configuring EVPN-DCI dual-homing ·············································································································· 266

Configuring EVPN-DCI DRNI ························································································································· 267

EVPN-DCI configuration examples ················································································································ 268

Example: Configuring a basic EVPN-DCI network ················································································· 268

Example: Configuring EVPN-DCI intermediate VXLAN mapping ·························································· 273

Example: Configuring EVPN-DCI IPv4 Layer 3 communication ···························································· 279

Example: Configuring EVPN-DCI dual-homing ······················································································ 285

Example: Configuring EVPN-DCI DRNI ································································································· 294

Document conventions and icons ······························································ 304

Conventions ··················································································································································· 304

Network topology icons ·································································································································· 305

Support and other resources ····································································· 306

Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support····························································································· 306

Accessing updates ········································································································································· 306

Websites ················································································································································ 307

Customer self repair ······························································································································· 307

Remote support ······································································································································ 307

Documentation feedback ······················································································································· 307

Index ·········································································································· 309

1

EVPN overview

Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) is a Layer 2 VPN technology that provides both Layer 2 and

Layer 3 connectivity between distant network sites across an IP or MPLS network. EVPN uses

MP-BGP in the control plane and Virtual eXtensible LAN (VXLAN) or MPLS in the data plane. EVPN

is typically used in data centers for multitenant services.

EVPN supports advertising private routes of VPN instances in an MPLS L3VPN network. For more

information, see "Configuring EVPN L3VPN."

EVPN solutions

EVPN provides the EVPN VXLAN, EVPN Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS), and EVPN Virtual

Private LAN Service (VPLS) solutions.

EVPN VXLAN

As shown in Figure 1, EVPN VXLAN uses the VXLAN technology for traffic forwarding in the data

plane. The transport edge devices assign VMs to different VXLANs, and then forward traffic at Layer

2 between sites for VMs by using VXLAN tunnels. The transport edge devices are VXLAN tunnel

endpoints (VTEPs). All EVPN VXLAN processing is performed on VTEPs

To provide Layer 3 connectivity between subnets of a tenant and between the EVPN VXLAN network

and external networks, you can deploy EVPN gateways.

For more information about EVPN VXLAN, see "Configuring EVPN VXLAN."

Figure 1 EVPN VXLAN network model

EVPN VPWS

As shown in Figure 2, EVPN VPWS is a Layer 2 VPN technology that uses EVPN for PW

establishment in the control plane and MPLS for forwarding in the data plane. EVPN VPWS provides

point-to-point forwarding services for users by using ACs and PWs associated with cross-connects

without MAC address table lookup.

For more information about EVPN VPWS, see "Configuring EVPN VPWS."

VXLAN tunnel

VTEP

Server Server

Site 1 Site 2

VM

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VSI/VXLAN 30

VM

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VSI/VXLAN 30

Transport

network

P

ES ES

VTEP

2

Figure 2 EVPN VPWS network model

EVPN VPLS

As shown in Figure 3, EVPN VPLS is a Layer 2 VPN technology that uses EVPN for PW

establishment in the control plane and MPLS for forwarding in the data plane. EVPN VPLS provides

point-to-multipoint forwarding services for users by using the MAC address table.

For more information about EVPN VPLS, see "Configuring EVPN VPLS."

Figure 3 EVPN VPLS network model

EVPN benefits

EVPN provides the following benefits:

•

Configuration automation—MP-BGP automates VTEP/PE discovery, VXLAN tunnel/PW

establishment, and VXLAN tunnel assignment to ease deployment.

•

Separation of the control plane and the data plane—EVPN uses MP-BGP to advertise host

reachability information in the control plane and uses VXLAN or MPLS to forward traffic in the

data plane.

•

Integrated routing and bridging (IRB)—MP-BGP advertises both Layer 2 and Layer 3 host

reachability information to provide optimal forwarding paths and minimize flooding in an EVPN

VXLAN network.

•

Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connection—Layer 2 frames are transmitted

transparently across the IP or MPLS transport network between sites after they are

encapsulated into VXLAN packets or MPLS packets.

CE 1 CE 2

PE 1 PE 2

Tunnel

PW

AC

MPLS or IP backbone

Customer

network Customer

network

CE 1 CE 2

PE 1 PE 2

Tunnel

PW

AC

MPLS or IP backbone

Customer

network Customer

network

Customer

network

CE 3

AC

3

Layered transport network

As shown in Figure 4, typically the EVPN transport network uses a layered structure. On the

transport network, leaf nodes act as VTEPs or PEs to provide VXLAN or MPLS services, and spine

nodes perform forwarding for VXLAN or MPLS traffic based on the outer IP header. If all VTEPs or

PEs and transport network devices of an EVPN network belong to the same AS, the spine nodes can

act as route reflectors (RRs) to reflect routes between the VTEPs or PEs. In this scenario, the spine

nodes advertise and receive BGP EVPN routes, but do not perform VXLAN or MPLS encapsulation

and de-encapsulation.

Figure 4 Layered transport network

MP-BGP extension for EVPN

To support EVPN, MP-BGP introduces the EVPN subsequent address family under the L2VPN

address family and the following network layer reachability information (BGP EVPN routes):

•

Ethernet auto-discovery route—Advertises ES and service ID information in multihomed

sites and advertises service ID information in an EVPN VPWS network.

•

MAC/IP advertisement route—Advertises MAC reachability information and host route

information (host ARP or ND information).

•

Inclusive multicast Ethernet tag (IMET) route—Advertises VTEP and VXLAN mappings for

automating VTEP discovery, VXLAN tunnel establishment, and VXLAN tunnel assignment in an

EVPN VXLAN network. Advertises PE information for automating PE discovery and PW

establishment in an EVPN VPLS network.

•

Ethernet segment (ES) route—Advertises ES and VTEP/PE mappings.

•

IP prefix advertisement route—Advertises BGP IPv4 or IPv6 unicast routes as IP prefixes.

MP-BGP uses the route distinguisher (RD) field to differentiate BGP EVPN routes of different VSIs or

cross-connect groups and uses route targets to control the advertisement and acceptance of BGP

EVPN routes.

MP-BGP supports the following types of route targets:

•

Export targets—A VTEP or PE sets the export targets for BGP EVPN routes learned from the

local site before advertising them to remote VTEPs or PEs.

•

Import targets—A VTEP or PE checks the export targets of BGP EVPN routes received from

remote VTEPs or PEs. The VTEP or PE imports the BGP EVPN routes only when their export

targets match the local import targets.

VTEP/PE

Transport

network

VTEP/PE

RR RR

Leaf

Spine

Site 1 Site 2

4

RD and route target selection of BGP EVPN

routes

As shown in Table 1, you can configure RDs and route targets for BGP EVPN routes in multiple

views.

Table 1 Supported views for RD and route target configuration

Item

Views

RD

• VSI EVPN instance view

• VPN instance view

• Public instance view

• Cross-connect group EVPN instance view

Route targets

• VSI EVPN instance view

• VPN instance view

• VPN instance IPv4 address family view

• VPN instance IPv6 address family view

• VPN instance EVPN view

• Public instance view

• Public instance IPv4 address family view

• Public instance IPv6 address family view

• Public instance EVPN view

• Cross-connect group EVPN instance view

NOTE:

Route targets configured in VPN instance view apply to IPv4 VPN, IPv6 VPN, and

EVPN. Route targets configured in IPv4 address family view apply only to IPv4 VPN.

Route targets configured in IPv6 address family view apply only to IPv6 VPN. Route

targets configured in VPN instance EVPN view apply only to EVPN. Route targets

configured in IPv4 address family view, IPv6 address family view, or VPN instance

EVPN view take precedence over those in VPN instance view. The precedence order

for different views of a VPN instance also applies to the views of the public instance.

The device selects RDs and route targets for BGP EVPN routes by using the following rules:

•

Ethernet auto-discovery routes—The device uses the RD and route targets configured in

EVPN instance view of a VSI or cross-connect group when advertising the routes. The device

uses the route targets configured in EVPN instance view of a VSI or cross-connect group when

accepting the routes.

•

IMET routes and MAC/IP advertisement routes that contain only MAC addresses—The

device uses the RD and route targets configured in VSI EVPN instance view when advertising

and accepting the routes.

•

MAC/IP advertisement routes that contain ARP or ND information—The device uses the

following settings when advertising the routes:

 RD and export route targets configured in VSI EVPN instance view.

 Export route targets configured for EVPN on a VPN instance or the public instance (VPN

instance view, EVPN view of a VPN instance or the public instance, and public instance

view).

The device uses the import route targets configured for the EVPN instance on a VSI and EVPN

on a VPN instance or the public instance when accepting the routes.

•

ES routes—The device uses the RD and export route targets configured for an EVPN instance

on a VSI or cross-connect group when advertising the routes. The device uses the import route

targets configured for an EVPN instance on a VSI or cross-connect group when accepting the

routes.

5

•

IP prefix advertisement routes—The device uses the route targets configured for IPv4 or

IPv6 VPN on a VPN instance or the public instance when advertising and accepting the routes.

6

EVPN VXLAN overview

EVPN VXLAN uses EVPN routes for VXLAN tunnel establishment and assignment and MAC

reachability information advertisement in the control plane and uses VXLAN for forwarding in the

data plane.

EVPN network model

As shown in Figure 5, EVPN uses the VXLAN technology for traffic forwarding in the data plane. The

transport edge devices assign user terminals to different VXLANs, and then forward traffic between

sites for user terminals by using VXLAN tunnels. The transport edge devices are VXLAN tunnel

endpoints (VTEPs). They can be servers that host VMs or independent network devices.

Supported user terminals include PCs, wireless terminals, and VMs on servers.

NOTE:

This document uses VMs as examples to describe the mechanisms of EVPN. The mechanisms do

not differ between different kinds of user terminals.

A VTEP uses ESs, VSIs, and VXLAN tunnels to provide VXLAN services:

•

Ethernet segment (ES)—An ES is a link that connects a site to a VTEP. Each ES is uniquely

identified by an Ethernet segment identifier (ESI).

•

VSI—A virtual switch instance is a virtual Layer 2 switched domain. Each VSI provides

switching services only for one VXLAN. VSIs learn MAC addresses and forward frames

independently of one another. User terminals in different sites have Layer 2 connectivity if they

are in the same VXLAN. A VXLAN is identified by a 24-bit VXLAN ID which is also called the

virtual network identifier (VNI). A VXLAN corresponds to an EVPN instance.

•

VXLAN tunnel—Logical point-to-point tunnels between VTEPs over the transport network.

Each VXLAN tunnel can trunk multiple VXLANs.

All VXLAN processing is performed on VTEPs. The ingress VTEP encapsulates VXLAN traffic in the

VXLAN, outer UDP, and outer IP headers, and forwards the traffic through VXLAN tunnels. The

egress VTEP removes the VXLAN encapsulation and forwards the traffic to the destination.

Transport network devices (for example, the P device in Figure 5) forward VXLAN traffic only based

on the outer IP header of VXLAN packets.

Figure 5 EVPN network model

VXLAN tunnel

VTEP

Terminal

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VSI/VXLAN 30

Terminal

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VSI/VXLAN 30

Transport

network

P

ES ES

VTEP

Site 1 Site 2

7

Configuration automation

If EVPN is used for Layer 2 forwarding, VTEPs use the following BGP EVPN routes to discover

VTEP neighbors, establish VXLAN tunnels, and assign the tunnels to VXLANs:

•

IMET route—VTEPs advertise their VXLAN IDs through IMET routes. If two VTEPs have the

same VXLAN ID, they automatically establish a VXLAN tunnel and assign the tunnel to the

VXLAN.

•

MAC/IP advertisement route—VTEPs advertise local MAC addresses and VXLAN IDs

through MAC/IP advertisement routes. If two VTEPs have the same VXLAN ID, they

automatically establish a VXLAN tunnel and assign the tunnel to the VXLAN.

If EVPN is used for Layer 3 forwarding, VTEPs use the following BGP EVPN routes to discover

VTEP neighbors, establish VXLAN tunnels, and assign the tunnels to VXLANs:

•

IMET route—VTEPs advertise the VXLAN IDs they have through IMET routes. If two VTEPs

have the same VXLAN ID, they automatically establish a VXLAN tunnel and assign the tunnel

to the VXLAN.

•

MAC/IP advertisement route and IP prefix advertisement route—In the EVPN gateway

deployment, VTEPs advertise MAC/IP advertisement routes or IP prefix advertisement routes

which carry the export targets. When a VTEP receives a route, it compares the export targets of

the route with the local import targets. If the route targets match, the VTEP establishes a

VXLAN tunnel with the remote VTEP and associates the tunnel with the L3 VXLAN ID of the

corresponding VPN instance. For more information about the L3 VXLAN ID, see "Distributed

EVPN gateway deployment."

Assignment of traffic to VXLANs

Traffic from the local site to a remote site

The VTEP uses an Ethernet service instance or Layer 3 interface to match customer traffic on a

site-facing interface. The VTEP assigns customer traffic to a VXLAN by mapping the Layer 3

interface or Ethernet service instance to a VSI.

An Ethernet service instance or Layer 3 interface is identical to an attachment circuit (AC) in L2VPN.

An Ethernet service instance matches a list of VLANs on a Layer 2 Ethernet interface by using a

frame match criterion. The frame match criterion specifies the characteristics of traffic from the

VLANs, such as tagging status and VLAN IDs.

As shown in Figure 6, Ethernet service instance 1 matches VLAN 2 and is mapped to VSI A (VXLAN

10). When a frame from VLAN 2 arrives, the VTEP assigns the frame to VXLAN 10, and looks up VSI

A's MAC address table for the outgoing interface.

Figure 6 Identifying traffic from the local site

Server

Service instance 1:

VLAN 2 VSI A

VXLAN 10

VLAN 2

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

Service instance 2:

VLAN 3

Service instance 3:

VLAN 4

VLAN 3

VLAN 4

VSI B

VXLAN 20

VSI C

VXLAN 30

VTEP

8

Traffic from a remote site to the local site

When a VXLAN packet arrives at a VXLAN tunnel interface, the VTEP uses the VXLAN ID in the

packet to identify its VXLAN.

Layer 2 forwarding

MAC learning

The VTEP performs Layer 2 forwarding based on a VSI's MAC address table. The VTEP learns MAC

addresses by using the following methods:

•

Local MAC learning—The VTEP automatically learns the source MAC addresses of frames

sent from the local site. The outgoing interfaces of local MAC address entries are site-facing

interfaces on which the MAC addresses are learned.

•

Remote MAC learning—The VTEP uses MP-BGP to advertise local MAC reachability

information to remote sites and learn MAC reachability information from remote sites. The

outgoing interfaces of MAC address entries advertised from a remote site are VXLAN tunnel

interfaces.

Unicast

As shown in Figure 7, the VTEP performs typical Layer 2 forwarding for known unicast traffic within

the local site.

Figure 7 Intra-site unicast

As shown in Figure 8, the following process applies to a known unicast frame between sites:

1. The source VTEP encapsulates the Ethernet frame in the VXLAN/UDP/IP header.

In the outer IP header, the source IP address is the source VTEP's VXLAN tunnel source IP

address. The destination IP address is the VXLAN tunnel destination IP address.

2. The source VTEP forwards the encapsulated packet out of the outgoing VXLAN tunnel

interface found in the VSI's MAC address table.

3. The intermediate transport devices (P devices) forward the packet to the destination VTEP by

using the outer IP header.

VXLAN tunnel

VTEP 1 VTEP 2

Transport

network

P

Server 1

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

Server 3

VM 7

VM 8

VM 9

MAC table on VTEP 1

VXLAN/VSI MAC Interface

VXLAN 10/VSI A MAC 1 Interface A, VLAN 2

VXLAN 10/VSI A MAC 4 Interface B, VLAN 3

Server 2

VM 4

VM 5

VM 6

Interface A

Interface B

9

4. The destination VTEP removes the headers on top of the inner Ethernet frame. It then performs

MAC address table lookup in the VXLAN's VSI to forward the frame out of the matching

outgoing interface.

Figure 8 Inter-site unicast

Flood

As shown in Figure 9, a VTEP floods a broadcast, multicast, or unknown unicast frame to all

site-facing interfaces and VXLAN tunnels in the VXLAN, except for the incoming interface. The

source VTEP replicates the flood frame, and then sends one replica to the destination IP address of

each VXLAN tunnel in the VXLAN. Each destination VTEP floods the inner Ethernet frame to all the

site-facing interfaces in the VXLAN. To avoid loops, the destination VTEPs do not flood the frame to

VXLAN tunnels.

VTEP 1 VTEP 2

Transport

network

P

Server 1

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

Server 3

VM 7

VM 8

VM 9

MAC table on VTEP 1

VXLAN/VSI MAC Interface

VXLAN 10/VSI A MAC 1 Interface A, VLAN 2

VXLAN 10/VSI A MAC 7 Tunnel 1

Server 2

VM 4

VM 5

VM 6

Interface A

Interface B

MAC table on VTEP 2

VXLAN/VSI MAC Interface

VXLAN 10/VSI A MAC 1 Tunnel 1

VXLAN 10/VSI A MAC 7 Interface A, VLAN 3

Interface A

VXLAN tunnel 1

10

Figure 9 Forwarding of flood traffic

Centralized EVPN gateway deployment

Centralized EVPN gateway deployment uses one VTEP to provide Layer 3 forwarding for VXLANs.

The VTEP uses virtual Layer 3 VSI interfaces as gateway interfaces for VXLANs. Typically, the

gateway-collocated VTEP connects to other VTEPs and the external network. To use this design,

make sure the gateway has sufficient bandwidth and processing capability. A centralized EVPN

gateway can provide services only for IPv4 sites.

As shown in Figure 10, a VTEP acts as a gateway for VMs in the VXLANs. The VTEP both

terminates the VXLANs and performs Layer 3 forwarding for the VMs. The network uses the

following process to forward Layer 3 traffic from a VM to the destination:

1. The VM sends an ARP request to obtain the MAC address of the VSI interface that acts as the

gateway, and then sends the Layer 3 traffic to the centralized EVPN gateway.

2. The local VTEP looks up the matching VSI's MAC address table and forwards the traffic to the

centralized EVPN gateway through a VXLAN tunnel.

3. The centralized EVPN gateway removes the VXLAN encapsulation and forwards the traffic at

Layer 3.

4. The centralized EVPN gateway forwards the replies sent by the destination node to the VM

based on the ARP entry for the VM.

VTEP 1 VTEP 2

Transport network

P

Server 1

VM 1

VM 2

VM 3

Server 3

VM 7

VM 8

VM 9

Server 2

VM 4

VM 5

VM 6

VXLAN tunnel

VTEP 3

VXLAN tunnel

Server 4

VM 10

VM 11

VM 12

Replicate and

encapsulate

11

Figure 10 Example of centralized EVPN gateway deployment

Distributed EVPN gateway deployment

About distributed EVPN gateway deployment

As shown in Figure 11, each site's VTEP acts as a gateway to perform Layer 3 forwarding for the

VXLANs of the local site. A VTEP acts as a border gateway to the Layer 3 network for the VXLANs.

VXLAN tunnel

VTEP 1 VTEP 2

Server Server

Site 1 Site 2

VM

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VSI/VXLAN 30

VM

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VSI/VXLAN 30

Transport

network

P

10.1.1.11

20.1.1.11

30.1.1.11

10.1.1.12

20.1.1.12

30.1.1.12

VXLAN tunnel

VTEP 3/Centralized EVPN gateway

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VSI/VXLAN 30

VSI-interface10

10.1.1.1/24

VSI-interface20

20.1.1.1/24

VSI-interface30

30.1.1.1/24

L3 network

12

Figure 11 Distributed EVPN gateway placement design

A distributed EVPN gateway supports the following traffic forwarding modes:

•

Asymmetric IRB—The ingress gateway performs Layer 2 and Layer 3 lookups and the egress

gateway performs only Layer 2 forwarding.

•

Symmetric IRB—Both the ingress and egress gateways perform Layer 2 and Layer 3 lookups.

Symmetric IRB

Basic concepts

Symmetric IRB introduces the following concepts:

•

L3 VXLAN ID—Also called L3 VNI. An L3 VXLAN ID identifies the traffic of a routing domain

where devices have Layer 3 reachability. An L3 VXLAN ID is associated with one VPN instance.

Distributed EVPN gateways use VPN instances to isolate traffic of different services on VXLAN

tunnel interfaces.

•

Router MAC address—Each distributed EVPN gateway has a unique router MAC address

used for inter-gateway forwarding. The MAC addresses in the inner Ethernet header of VXLAN

packets are router MAC addresses of distributed EVPN gateways.

VSI interfaces

As shown in Figure 12, each distributed EVPN gateway has the following types of VSI interfaces:

•

VSI interface as a gateway interface of a VXLAN—The VSI interface acts as the gateway

interface for VMs in a VXLAN. The VSI interface is associated with a VSI and a VPN instance.

On different distributed EVPN gateways, the VSI interface of a VXLAN use the same IP address

to provide services.

•

VSI interface associated with an L3 VXLAN ID—The VSI interface is associated with a VPN

instance and assigned an L3 VXLAN ID. VSI interfaces associated with the same VPN instance

share an L3 VXLAN ID.

A border gateway only has VSI interfaces that are associated with an L3 VXLAN ID.

VXLAN tunnel

VTEP

Server

Site 1

L3 network

VXLAN tunnel VXLAN tunnel

Server

Site 2

Server

Site 3

Server

Site 4

Server

Site 5

Server

Site 6

VTEP/Distributed

EVPN gateway

Border gateway

VTEP/Distributed

EVPN gateway

VTEP/Distributed

EVPN gateway

13

Figure 12 Example of distributed EVPN gateway deployment

Layer 3 forwarding entry learning

A distributed EVPN gateway forwards Layer 3 traffic based on FIB entries generated from BGP

EVPN routes and ARP information.

A VTEP advertises an external route imported in the EVPN address family through MP-BGP. A

remote VTEP adds the route to the FIB table of a VPN instance based on the L3 VXLAN ID carried in

the route. In the FIB entry, the outgoing interface is a VXLAN tunnel interface, and the next hop is the

peer VTEP address in the NEXT_HOP attribute of the route.

A VTEP has the following types of ARP information:

•

Local ARP information—ARP information of VMs in the local site. The VTEP snoops GARP

packets, RARP packets, and ARP requests for the gateway MAC address to learn the ARP

information of the senders and generates ARP entries and FIB entries. In an ARP or FIB entry,

the outgoing interface is the site-facing interface where the packet is received, and the VPN

instance is the instance associated with the corresponding VSI interface.

•

Remote ARP information—ARP information of VMs in remote sites. Each VTEP uses

MP-BGP to advertise its local ARP information with L3 VXLAN IDs in routes to remote sites. A

VTEP generates only FIB entries for the remote ARP information. A FIB entry contains the

following information:

 Outgoing interface: VSI interface associated with the L3 VXLAN ID.

 Next hop: Peer VTEP address in the NEXT_HOP attribute of the route.

 VPN instance: VPN instance associated with the L3 VXLAN ID.

The VTEP then creates an ARP entry for the next hop in the FIB entry.

Traffic forwarding

A distributed EVPN gateway can work in one of the following mode:

VXLAN tunnel

GW 1 GW 2

Server Server

Site 1 Site 2

VM 1

VM 2

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

VM 4

VM 5

VSI/VXLAN 10

VSI/VXLAN 20

P

10.1.1.11

20.1.1.11

10.1.1.12

20.1.1.12

VXLAN tunnel

Border

gateway

L3 network

VSI-interface10

10.1.1.1/24

VPN instance: vpna

VSI-interface20

20.1.1.1/24

VPN instance: vpna

VSI-interface1

VPN instance: vpna

L3VNI: 1000

VSI-interface1

VPN instance: vpna

L3VNI: 1000

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