H3C S9500E Series Configuration manual

H3C S9500E Series Routing Switches

Layer3 - IP Routing Configuration Guide

Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

http://www.h3c.com

Document Version:

Product Version:

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior

written consent of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

H3C, , Aolynk, , H

3

Care,

, TOP G, , IRF, NetPilot, Neocean, NeoVTL,

SecPro, SecPoint, SecEngine, SecPath, Comware, Secware, Storware, NQA, VVG, V

2

G, V

n

G, PSPT,

XGbus, N-Bus, TiGem, InnoVision and HUASAN are trademarks of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co.,

Ltd.

All other trademarks that may be mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective owners.

Notice

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Environmental Protection

This product has been designed to comply with the requirements on environmental protection. The

storage, use, and disposal of this product must meet the applicable national laws and regulations.

Preface

The H3C S9500E documentation set includes 13 configuration guides, which describe the software

features for the H3C S9500E Series Routing Switches and guide you through the software configuration

procedures. These configuration guides also provide configuration examples to help you apply software

features to different network scenarios.

This preface includes:

• Audience

• Conventions

• About the H3C S9500E Documentation Set

• Obtaining Documentation

• Documentation Feedback

Audience

This documentation is intended for:

Network planners

Field technical support and servicing engineers

Network administrators working with the S9500E series

4

Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in this documentation set.

Command conventions

Convention Description

Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.

italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.

[ ]

Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are

optional.

{ x | y | ... }

Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from

which you select one.

[ x | y | ... ]

Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical

bars, from which you select one or none.

{ x | y | ... } *

Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by

vertical bars, from which you select at least one.

[ x | y | ... ] *

Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by

vertical bars, from which you may select multiple choices or none.

&<1-n>

The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&)

sign can be entered 1 to n times.

# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.

GUI conventions

Convention Description

< > Button names are inside angle brackets. For example, click <OK>.

[ ]

Window names, menu items, data table and field names are inside square

brackets. For example, pop up the [New User] window.

/

Multi-level menus are separated by forward slashes. For example,

[File/Create/Folder].

Symbols

Convention Description

Means reader be extremely careful. Improper operation may cause bodily

injury.

Means reader be careful. Improper operation may cause data loss or damage

to equipment.

Means an action or information that needs special attention to ensure successful

configuration or good performance.

Means a complementary description.

Means techniques helpful for you to make configuration with ease.

5

Network topology icons

Convention Description

Represents a generic network device, such as a router, switch, or firewall.

Represents a routing-capable device, such as a router or Layer 3 switch.

Represents a generic switch, such as a Layer 2 or Layer 3 switch, or a router

that supports Layer 2 forwarding and other Layer 2 features.

6

About the H3C S9500E Documentation Set

The H3C S9500E documentation set includes:

Category Documents Purposes

Product description and

specifications

Marketing brochures Describe product specifications and benefits.

Technology white papers

Provide an in-depth description of software features

and technologies.

Card datasheets Describe card specifications, features, and standards.

Hardware specifications

and installation

Compliance and safety

manual

Provides regulatory information and the safety

instructions that must be followed during installation.

Quick start

Guides you through initial installation and setup

procedures to help you quickly set up and use your

device with the minimum configuration.

Installation guide

Provides a complete guide to hardware installation

and hardware specifications.

Card manuals Provide the hardware specifications of cards.

H3C N68 Cabinet

Installation and Remodel

Introduction

Guides you through installing and remodeling H3C

N68 cabinets.

H3C Pluggable SFP

[SFP+][XFP] Transceiver

Modules Installation

Guide

Guides you through installing SFP/SFP+/XFP

transceiver modules.

Adjustable Slider Rail

Installation Guide

Guides you through installing adjustable slider rails to

a rack.

H3C High-End Network

Products Hot-Swappable

Module Manual

Describes the hot-swappable modules available for the

H3C high-end network products, their external views,

and specifications.

Installation videos

Show how to install the LSTM1PEMC and

LSTM1PEM2N AC-input power supply modules.

Software configuration

Configuration guides

Describe software features and configuration

procedures.

Command references Provide a quick reference to all available commands.

Configuration examples

Describe typical network scenarios and provide

configuration examples and instructions.

Operations and

maintenance

System log messages Explains the system log messages.

Trap messages Explains the trap messages.

MIB Companion Describes the MIBs for the software release.

Release notes

Provide information about the product release,

including the version history, hardware and software

compatibility matrix, version upgrade information,

technical support information, and software

upgrading.

7

Category Documents Purposes

Error code reference Explains the error codes for the QoS module.

8

Obtaining documentation

You can access the most up-to-date H3C product documentation on the World Wide Web at

http://www.h3c.com

.

Click the links on the top navigation bar to obtain different categories of product documentation:

[Technical Support & Documents > Technical Documents]

– Provides hardware installation, software

upgrading, and software feature configuration and maintenance documentation.

[Products & Solutions]

– Provides information about products and technologies, as well as solutions.

[Technical Support & Documents > Software Down

load] – Provides the documentation released with the

software version.

Documentation feedback

You can e-mail your comments about product documentation to [email protected].

We appreciate your comments.

9

Table of Contents

Preface ·········································································································································································· 3

Audience ············································································································································································ 3

Conventions ······································································································································································· 4

About the H3C S9500E Documentation Set ·················································································································· 6

IP routing basics configuration ·································································································································· 20

IP routing and routing table ·········································································································································· 20

Routing ···································································································································································· 20

Routing table ·························································································································································· 20

Routing protocol overview ············································································································································· 22

Static routing and dynamic routing ····················································································································· 22

Dynamic routing protocols classification ············································································································ 22

Routing protocols and routing preference ·········································································································· 23

Load balancing and route backup ······················································································································ 24

Route recursion ······················································································································································ 24

Routing information sharing ································································································································· 24

Configuring a router ID ················································································································································· 24

Displaying and maintaining a routing table ··············································································································· 25

Static routing configuration ······································································································································· 27

Static route ····························································································································································· 27

Default route ··························································································································································· 27

Application environment ······································································································································· 27

Configuring a static route ·············································································································································· 28

Configuring BFD for static routes ························································································································· 29

Configuring static route FRR ·········································································································································· 31

Displaying and maintaining static routes ···················································································································· 32

Static route configuration examples ····························································································································· 33

Basic static route configuration example ············································································································ 33

Static route FRR configuration example ·············································································································· 35

Configuring BFD echo packet mode ··················································································································· 38

Configuring BFD control packet mode for static routing ··················································································· 40

RIP configuration ························································································································································ 42

RIP overview ··································································································································································· 42

RIP routing table ···················································································································································· 42

RIP timers ································································································································································ 42

Routing loops prevention ······································································································································ 43

Operating RIP ························································································································································ 43

RIP versions ···························································································································································· 43

RIP message format ··············································································································································· 44

10

Supported RIP features ·········································································································································· 46

Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 46

Configuring RIP basic functions ···································································································································· 46

Configuring RIP route control ········································································································································ 48

Configuring an additional routing metric ··········································································································· 49

Configuring RIPv2 route summarization·············································································································· 49

Disabling host route reception ····························································································································· 50

Advertising a default route ··································································································································· 51

Configuring inbound or outbound route filtering ······························································································· 52

Configuring a priority for RIP ······························································································································· 52

Configuring RIP route redistribution ····················································································································· 53

Configuring RIP network optimization ························································································································· 53

Configuring RIP timers ··········································································································································· 53

Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ···································································································· 54

Configuring the maximum number of load balanced routes ············································································ 55

Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages ·················································································· 55

Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates ············································································ 56

Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ········································································································ 56

Specifying a RIP neighbor ···································································································································· 57

Configuring RIP-to-MIB binding ···························································································································· 57

Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ············································································································ 57

Configuring RIP FRR ·············································································································································· 58

Configuring BFD for RIP ················································································································································· 59

Single-hop detection in BFD echo packet mode ································································································ 59

Bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode ·························································································· 60

Displaying and maintaining RIP ··································································································································· 60

RIP configuration examples ··········································································································································· 61

Configuring RIP version ········································································································································ 61

Configuring RIP route redistribution ····················································································································· 63

Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface ························································································· 65

Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route ··································································································· 67

RIP FRR configuration example ···························································································································· 70

Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop detection in BFD echo packet mode) ····················································· 72

Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode) ·············································· 75

Troubleshooting RIP ························································································································································ 79

No RIP updates received ······································································································································ 79

Route oscillation occurred ···································································································································· 79

OSPF configuration ···················································································································································· 80

Introduction to OSPF ······················································································································································ 80

Basic concepts ······················································································································································· 80

OSPF area partition ·············································································································································· 82

Router types ···························································································································································· 86

Classification of OSPF networks ·························································································································· 87

11

DR and BDR ··························································································································································· 88

OSPF packet formats ············································································································································· 89

Supported OSPF features ····································································································································· 99

Protocols and standards ····································································································································· 101

OSPF configuration tasks ············································································································································ 101

Enabling OSPF ····························································································································································· 102

Prerequisites ························································································································································· 102

Configuration procedure ···································································································································· 102

Configuring OSPF areas ············································································································································· 103

Prerequisites ························································································································································· 103

Configuring a stub area ····································································································································· 104

Configuring an NSSA area ································································································································ 104

Configuring a virtual link ···································································································································· 105

Configuring OSPF network types ······························································································································· 106

Prerequisites ························································································································································· 106

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as broadcast ······························································· 107

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as NBMA ···································································· 107

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as P2MP ······································································ 108

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as P2P ·········································································· 109

Configuring OSPF route control ································································································································· 110

Prerequisites ························································································································································· 110

Configuring OSPF route summarization ··········································································································· 110

Configuring OSPF inbound route filtering ········································································································ 112

Configuring ABR Type-3 LSA filtering ··············································································································· 112

Configuring an OSPF cost for an interface ······································································································ 113

Configuring the maximum number of OSPF routes ························································································· 114

Configuring the maximum number of load-balanced routes ·········································································· 114

Configuring a priority for OSPF ························································································································· 114

Configuring OSPF route redistribution ·············································································································· 115

Advertising a host route ······································································································································ 117

Configuring OSPF network optimization ··················································································································· 117

Prerequisites ························································································································································· 117

Configuring OSPF packet timers ························································································································ 117

Specifying an LSA transmission delay ·············································································································· 118

Specifying SPF calculation interval ···················································································································· 119

Specifying the LSA minimum repeat arrival interval ························································································ 119

Specifying the LSA generation interval ············································································································· 120

Disabling interfaces from receiving or sending OSPF packets ······································································· 121

Configuring stub routers ····································································································································· 121

Configuring OSPF authentication ······················································································································ 122

Adding the interface MTU into DD packets ······································································································ 123

Configuring the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB ········································································· 123

Making external route selection rules defined in RFC 1583 compatible ······················································ 124

Logging neighbor state changes ························································································································ 124

12

Configuring OSPF network management ········································································································· 124

Enabling message logging ································································································································· 125

Enabling the advertisement and reception of opaque LSAs ··········································································· 126

Configuring OSPF to give priority to receiving and processing hello packets ············································· 126

Configuring the LSU transmit rate ······················································································································ 126

Configuring OSPF FRR ········································································································································ 127

Prerequisites ························································································································································· 128

Configure OSPF FRR to automatically calculate a backup next hop ····························································· 128

Configure OSPF FRR to designate a backup next hop using a routing policy ············································· 128

Configuring OSPF graceful restart ····························································································································· 129

Configuring the OSPF GR Helper ······················································································································ 130

Triggering OSPF Graceful Restart······················································································································ 131

Configuring BFD for OSPF ·········································································································································· 131

Displaying and maintaining OSPF ····························································································································· 132

OSPF configuration examples ···································································································································· 134

Configuring OSPF basic functions ····················································································································· 134

Configuring OSPF route redistribution ·············································································································· 138

Configuring OSPF to advertise a summary route ····························································································· 140

Configuring an OSPF stub area························································································································· 143

Configuring an OSPF NSSA area ····················································································································· 147

Configuring OSPF DR election ··························································································································· 149

Configuring OSPF virtual links ··························································································································· 154

OSPF Graceful Restart configuration example ································································································· 156

Configuring route filtering ·································································································································· 158

Configuring OSPF FRR ········································································································································ 161

Configuring BFD for OSPF ································································································································· 163

Troubleshooting OSPF configuration ························································································································· 165

No OSPF neighbor relationship established ···································································································· 165

Incorrect routing information ······························································································································ 165

IS-IS configuration ··················································································································································· 167

IS-IS overview ······························································································································································· 167

Basic concepts ····················································································································································· 167

IS-IS area ······························································································································································ 169

IS-IS network types ·············································································································································· 171

IS-IS PDU format ··················································································································································· 173

Supported IS-IS features ······································································································································ 179

Protocols and standards ····································································································································· 182

IS-IS configuration tasks ··············································································································································· 182

Configuring IS-IS basic functions ······················································································································· 182

Enabling IS-IS ······················································································································································· 183

Configuring the IS level and circuit level ·········································································································· 183

Configuring the network type of an interface as P2P ······················································································ 184

Configuring IS-IS routing information control ············································································································ 184

13

Configuring IS-IS link cost ··································································································································· 184

Specifying a priority for IS-IS ····························································································································· 186

Configuring the maximum number of equal-cost routes ·················································································· 187

Configuring IS-IS route summarization ·············································································································· 187

Advertising a default route ································································································································· 188

Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································ 188

Configuring IS-IS route filtering ·························································································································· 189

Configuring IS-IS route leaking ·························································································································· 190

Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks ························································································································ 191

Specifying intervals for sending IS-IS hello and CSNP packets ····································································· 191

Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier ···················································································································· 191

Configuring a DIS priority for an interface ······································································································· 192

Disabling an interface from sending or receiving IS-IS packets ····································································· 192

Enabling an interface to send small hello packets ··························································································· 193

Configuring LSP parameters ······························································································································· 193

Configuring SPF parameters ······························································································································ 197

Setting the LSDB overload bit ····························································································································· 197

Configuring IS-IS authentication ································································································································· 198

Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ··························································································· 198

Configuring area authentication ························································································································ 198

Configuring routing domain authentication ······································································································ 199

Configuring system ID to host name mappings ········································································································ 199

Configuring a static system ID to host name mapping ···················································································· 200

Configuring dynamic system ID to host name mapping ················································································· 200

Configuring IS-IS GR ···················································································································································· 201

Configuring IS-IS NSR ·················································································································································· 202

Configuring IS-IS FRR ··················································································································································· 203

Introduction ·························································································································································· 203

Configure IS-IS FRR to automatically calculate a backup next hop································································ 204

Configure IS-IS FRR to designate a backup next hop with a routing policy·················································· 204

Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes ······································································································ 205

Enabling IS-IS SNMP trap ··········································································································································· 205

Binding an IS-IS process with MIBs ···························································································································· 205

Configuring BFD for IS-IS············································································································································· 206

Displaying and maintaining IS-IS ······························································································································· 206

IS-IS configuration examples ······································································································································· 207

IS-IS basic configuration ····································································································································· 207

DIS election configuration ·································································································································· 213

Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································ 218

IS-IS-based Graceful Restart configuration example ························································································ 223

IS-IS NSR configuration example ······················································································································· 225

IS-IS FRR configuration example ························································································································ 228

IS-IS authentication configuration example······································································································· 231

Configuring BFD for IS-IS ···································································································································· 233

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BGP configuration ··················································································································································· 236

BGP overview ······························································································································································· 236

Formats of BGP messages ·································································································································· 237

BGP path attributes ············································································································································· 240

BGP route selection ············································································································································· 244

iBGP and IGP synchronization ·························································································································· 246

Settlements for problems in large-scale BGP networks ···················································································· 247

BGP GR ································································································································································ 251

MP-BGP ································································································································································· 252

Protocols and standards ····································································································································· 253

BGP configuration ························································································································································ 253

Configuring BGP connection ······························································································································ 253

Creating a BGP connection ································································································································ 253

Specifying the source interface for TCP connections ······················································································· 254

Allowing establishment of eBGP connection to a non-directly connected peer or peer group ······················ 255

Controlling route distribution and reception ············································································································· 256

Configuring BGP route redistribution ················································································································ 256

Configuring BGP route summarization ············································································································· 256

Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group ······················································································· 257

Configuring BGP route distribution filtering policies ······················································································· 257

Configuring BGP route reception filtering policies ·························································································· 258

Enabling BGP and IGP route synchronization ································································································· 259

Configuring BGP route dampening ··················································································································· 260

Configuring BGP route attributes ································································································································ 260

Tuning and optimizing BGP networks ························································································································ 262

Configuring BGP keepalive interval and holdtime ·························································································· 262

Configuring the interval for sending the same update ···················································································· 263

Configuring BGP soft-reset·································································································································· 263

Enabling the BGP ORF capability······················································································································ 265

Enabling quick eBGP session reestablishment ································································································· 266

Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections ························································································· 266

Configuring BGP load balancing ······················································································································ 266

Forbiding session establishment with a peer or peer group ··········································································· 267

Configuring a large-scale BGP network ···················································································································· 267

Configuring BGP peer groups ··························································································································· 267

Configuring BGP community ······························································································································ 270

Configuring a BGP route reflector ····················································································································· 270

Configuring a BGP confederation ····················································································································· 271

Configuring BGP GR ··················································································································································· 271

Enabling trap ································································································································································ 272

Configuring BFD for BGP ············································································································································ 273

Displaying and maintaining BGP ······························································································································· 273

Displaying BGP ···················································································································································· 273

Resetting BGP connections ································································································································· 275

15

Clearing BGP information ·································································································································· 275

BGP configuration examples ······································································································································ 275

BGP basic configuration ····································································································································· 276

BGP and IGP synchronization configuration ···································································································· 281

BGP load balancing configuration ···················································································································· 284

BGP community configuration ···························································································································· 286

BGP route reflector configuration ······················································································································ 289

BGP confederation configuration ······················································································································ 291

BGP path selection configuration ······················································································································ 295

Configuring BFD for BGP ··································································································································· 299

BGP GR configuration ········································································································································· 302

Troubleshooting BGP ··················································································································································· 303

No BGP peer relationship established ·············································································································· 303

IP unicast policy routing configuration ·················································································································· 305

Introduction to IP unicast policy routing ····················································································································· 305

Policy routing ······················································································································································· 305

Track-policy routing collaboration ····················································································································· 305

Configuring IP unicast policy routing ························································································································· 306

Defining a policy ················································································································································· 306

Configuring local policy routing ························································································································ 307

Configuring interface policy routing ················································································································· 307

Displaying and maintaining IP unicast policy routing configuration ······································································ 308

IP unicast policy routing configuration examples ····································································································· 308

Configuring local policy routing based on packet type ·················································································· 308

Configuring interface policy routing based on packet type ··········································································· 311

IPv6 static routing configuration ····························································································································· 313

Introduction to IPv6 static routing ······························································································································· 313

Features of IPv6 static routes ······························································································································ 313

Default IPv6 route ················································································································································ 313

Configuring an IPv6 static route ································································································································· 313

Configuring an IPv6 static route ························································································································ 313

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes ·········································································································· 314

IPv6 static routing configuration example ················································································································· 314

RIPng configuration ················································································································································· 324

Introduction to RIPng ···················································································································································· 324

RIPng working mechanism ·································································································································· 325

RIPng packet format ············································································································································ 325

RIPng packet processing procedure ·················································································································· 327

Protocols and standards ····································································································································· 327

Configuring RIPng basic functions ······························································································································ 327

Configuring RIPng route control ································································································································· 328

Configuring an additional routing metri ··········································································································· 328

16

Configuring RIPng route summarization ··········································································································· 329

Advertising a default route ································································································································· 329

Configuring a RIPng route filtering policy ········································································································· 329

Configuring a priority for RIPng ························································································································· 330

Configuring RIPng route redistribution ·············································································································· 330

Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network ················································································································· 331

Configuring RIPng timers ···································································································································· 331

Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ·································································································· 331

Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ······························································································· 332

Configuring the maximum number of equal cost routes for load balancing ················································ 333

Displaying and maintaining RIPng ····························································································································· 333

RIPng configuration examples····································································································································· 334

Configure RIPng basic functions ························································································································ 334

Configuring RIPng route redistribution ·············································································································· 337

OSPFv3 configuration ············································································································································· 341

Introduction to OSPFv3 ················································································································································ 341

OSPFv3 overview ················································································································································ 341

OSPFv3 packets··················································································································································· 341

OSPFv3 LSA types ··············································································································································· 342

Timers of OSPFv3 ················································································································································ 342

OSPFv3 features supported ································································································································ 343

Protocols and standards ····································································································································· 343

OSPFv3 configuration tasks ········································································································································ 343

Enabling OSPFv3 ················································································································································ 343

Enabling an OSPFv3 process ····························································································································· 344

Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters ············································································································· 344

Configuring an OSPFv3 stub area ···················································································································· 344

Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link ··················································································································· 345

Configuring OSPFv3 network types ··························································································································· 346

Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface ·················································································· 346

Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor ······································································································· 346

Configuring OSPFv3 routing information control ····································································································· 347

Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization ······································································································· 347

Configuring OSPFv3 inbound route filtering ···································································································· 348

Configuring an OSPFv3 cost for an interface ·································································································· 348

Configuring the maximum number of OSPFv3 load-balanced routes ··························································· 349

Configuring a priority for OSPFv3 ···················································································································· 349

Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ·········································································································· 350

Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks ················································································································· 351

Configuring OSPFv3 timers ································································································································ 351

Configuring a DR priority for an interface ········································································································ 352

Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ················································································································· 352

Disable interfaces from sending OSPFv3 packets ··························································································· 353

17

Enable the logging of neighbor state changes ································································································ 353

Configuring OSPFv3 GR ············································································································································· 354

Configuring GR Restarter ···································································································································· 354

Configuring GR Helper ······································································································································· 354

Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3 ························································································································· 355

OSPFv3 configuration examples ································································································································ 356

Configuring OSPFv3 areas ································································································································ 356

Configuring OSPFv3 DR election ······················································································································· 361

Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution ·········································································································· 364

Configuring OSPFv3 GR ···································································································································· 368

Troubleshooting OSPFv3 configuration ····················································································································· 369

No OSPFv3 neighbor relationship established ································································································ 369

Incorrect routing information ······························································································································ 370

IPv6 IS-IS configuration ··········································································································································· 371

Introduction to IPv6 IS-IS ·············································································································································· 371

Configuring IPv6 IS-IS basic functions ························································································································ 371

Configuring IPv6 IS-IS routing information control ··································································································· 372

Prerequisites ························································································································································· 372

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS ······················································································································· 373

IPv6 IS-IS configuration example ································································································································ 374

IPv6 BGP configuration ··········································································································································· 377

IPv6 BGP overview ······················································································································································· 377

IPv6 BGP configuration tasks ······································································································································ 377

Configuring IPv6 BGP basic functions ·············································································································· 377

Specifying an IPv6 BGP peer ····························································································································· 378

Injecting a local IPv6 route ································································································································· 378

Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or peer group ···························································· 378

Specifying the source interface for establishing TCP connections ································································· 379

Allowing the establishment of a non-direct eBGP connection ········································································ 380

Configuring a description for an IPv6 peer or peer group ············································································· 380

Disabling session establishment to an IPv6 peer or peer group ···································································· 381

Logging IPv6 peer or peer group state changes ······························································································ 381

Controlling route distribution and reception ············································································································· 381

Configuring IPv6 BGP route redistribution ········································································································ 382

Advertising a default route to an IPv6 peer or peer group ············································································· 382

Configuring outbound route filtering ················································································································· 383

Configuring inbound route filtering ··················································································································· 383

Configuring IPv6 BGP and IGP route synchronization ···················································································· 384

Configuring route dampening ···························································································································· 385

Configuring IPv6 BGP route attributes ······················································································································· 385

Configuring IPv6 BGP preference and default LOCAL_PREF and NEXT_HOP attributes ···························· 385

Configuring the MED attribute ··························································································································· 386

Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ··················································································································· 387

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Tuning and optimizing IPv6 BGP networks ··············································································································· 388

Configuring IPv6 BGP timers ······························································································································ 388

Configuring IPv6 BGP soft reset ························································································································· 389

Enabling the IPv6 BGP ORF capability ············································································································· 390

Configuring the maximum number of load-balanced routes ·········································································· 391

Configuring a large-scale IPv6 BGP network ············································································································ 392

Configuring IPv6 BGP peer group ····················································································································· 392

Configuring IPv6 BGP community ····················································································································· 394

Configuring an IPv6 BGP route reflector··········································································································· 394

Configuring 6PE ··························································································································································· 395

Configuring basic 6PE capabilities ··················································································································· 396

Configuring optional 6PE capabilities ·············································································································· 396

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 BGP ······················································································································· 398

Displaying BGP ···················································································································································· 398

Resetting IPv6 BGP connections ························································································································· 399

Clearing IPv6 BGP information ·························································································································· 400

IPv6 BGP configuration examples ······························································································································ 400

IPv6 BGP basic configuration ···························································································································· 401

IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration ·············································································································· 403

Troubleshooting IPv6 BGP configuration ··················································································································· 405

No IPv6 BGP peer relationship established ····································································································· 405

IPv6 unicast policy routing configuration ·············································································································· 406

Introduction to IPv6 unicast policy routing················································································································· 406

Configuring IPv6 unicast policy routing ····················································································································· 406

Configuring IPv6 policy ······································································································································ 406

Configuring IPv6 local policy routing ················································································································ 408

Configuring IPv6 interface policy routing ········································································································· 408

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 unicast policy routing configuration ·································································· 409

IPv6 unicast policy routing configuration examples ································································································· 409

Configuring IPv6 local policy routing based on packet type ········································································· 410

Configuring IPv6 interface policy routing based on packet type ··································································· 412

Routing policy configuration ·································································································································· 415

Introduction to routing policy ······································································································································ 415

Routing policy and policy routing ······················································································································ 415

Filters ····································································································································································· 415

Routing policy application ·································································································································· 416

Routing policy configuration tasks ······························································································································ 416

Defining filters ······················································································································································ 416

Defining an IP-prefix list ······································································································································ 417

Defining an AS-PATH list ···································································································································· 418

Defining a community list ··································································································································· 418

Defining an extended community list ················································································································ 419

Configuring a routing policy ······································································································································· 419

19

Creating a routing policy ··································································································································· 420

Defining if-match clauses ···································································································································· 420

Defining apply clauses ········································································································································ 422

Defining a continue clause ································································································································· 424

Displaying and maintaining the routing policy ········································································································· 425

Routing policy configuration examples ······················································································································ 425

Applying a routing policy to IPv4 route redistribution ····················································································· 425

Applying a routing policy to IPv6 route redistribution ····················································································· 429

Applying a routing policy to filter received BGP routes ·················································································· 431

Troubleshooting routing policy configuration ··········································································································· 433

IPv4 routing information filtering failure············································································································ 433

IPv6 routing information filtering failure············································································································ 434

Obtaining support for your product ······················································································································· 436

Register your product ··················································································································································· 436

Purchase value-added services ··································································································································· 436

Troubleshoot online ······················································································································································ 436

Access software downloads ········································································································································ 437

Telephone technical support and repair ···················································································································· 437

Contact us ····································································································································································· 437

Acronyms ································································································································································· 438

Index ········································································································································································ 452

20

IP routing basics configuration

IP routing and routing table

Routing

Routing in the Internet is achieved through routers. Upon receiving a packet, a router finds an

optimal route based on the destination address and forwards the packet to the next router in the

path until the packet reaches the last router. The last router forwards the packet to the intended

destination host.

The term router in this document refers to both routers and Layer 3 switches.

Routing table

Routing tables play a key role in routing. Each router maintains a routing table. Each entry in the

table specifies which physical interface a packet destined for a certain destination will go out to

reach the next hop (the next router) or the directly connected destination.

Routes in a routing table can be divided into the following categories by origin:

• Direct routes: Routes discovered by data link protocols, also known as interface routes

• Static routes: Manually configured routes

• Dynamic routes: Routes discovered dynamically by routing protocols

Routing table contents

A routing table includes the following key items:

• Destination address: Destination IP address or destination network.

• Network mask: Specifies, in company with the destination address, the address of the

destination network. A logical AND operation between the destination address and the

network mask yields the address of the destination network. For example, if the destination

address is 129.102.8.10 and the mask is 255.255.0.0, then the address of the destination

network is 129.102.0.0. A network mask is made of a certain number of consecutive 1s. It

can be expressed in dotted decimal format or by the number of the 1s.

• Outbound interface: Specifies the interface through which the IP packets are to be

forwarded.

• IP address of the next hop: Specifies the address of the next router on the path. If only the

outbound interface is configured, its address will be the IP address of the next hop.

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H3C S9500E Series Configuration manual

H3C S9500E Series Configuration manual

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