HPE FlexFabric 5710 Switch Series
Layer 3—IP Routing Configuration Guide
Part number: 5200-4992b
Software version: Release 2612 and later
Document version: 6W102-20200310
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Contents
Configuring basic IP routing ································································ 1
Routing table ···························································································································· 1
Dynamic routing protocols ············································································································ 2
Route preference ······················································································································· 2
Load sharing ····························································································································· 3
Route backup ···························································································································· 3
Route recursion ························································································································· 3
Route redistribution ···················································································································· 3
Extension attribute redistribution ··································································································· 4
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes and labels in the RIB ······························································ 4
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB ············································································· 4
Enabling the RIB to flush route attribute information to the FIB ····························································· 5
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes ················································································· 5
Configuring the ECMP mode ········································································································ 6
Enabling the enhanced ECMP mode ······················································································· 6
Enabling the compressed ECMP mode ···················································································· 6
Configuring RIB NSR ·················································································································· 6
Configuring IPv4 RIB NSR ···································································································· 7
Configuring IPv6 RIB NSR ···································································································· 7
Configuring inter-protocol FRR ······································································································ 7
Configuring IPv4 RIB inter-protocol FRR ·················································································· 7
Configuring IPv6 RIB inter-protocol FRR ·················································································· 8
Enabling support for IPv6 routes with prefixes longer than 64 bits ························································· 8
Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup ············································································· 8
Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup for IPv4 routes ·················································· 9
Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup for IPv6 routes ·················································· 9
Setting the maximum number of active routes ·················································································· 9
Setting the maximum number of active IPv4 routes ····································································· 9
Setting the maximum number of active IPv6 routes ··································································· 10
Enabling route fast switchover ···································································································· 10
Enabling IPv4 route fast switchover ······················································································· 10
Enabling IPv6 route fast switchover ······················································································· 10
Displaying and maintaining a routing table ····················································································· 11
Configuring static routing ································································· 13
Configuring a static route ··········································································································· 13
Configuring BFD for static routes ································································································· 14
Bidirectional control mode ··································································································· 14
Single-hop echo mode ········································································································ 15
Configuring static route FRR ······································································································ 16
Configuration guidelines ····································································································· 16
Configuring static route FRR by specifying a backup next hop ···················································· 16
Configuring static route FRR to automatically select a backup next hop ········································ 17
Enabling BFD echo packet mode for static route FRR ······························································· 17
Displaying and maintaining static routes ······················································································· 17
Static route configuration examples ····························································································· 18
Basic static route configuration example ················································································· 18
BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop) ······················································ 20
BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop) ··················································· 22
Static route FRR configuration example ················································································· 24
Configuring a default route ······························································· 28
Configuring RIP ············································································· 29
Overview ································································································································ 29
RIP route entries ··············································································································· 29
Routing loop prevention ······································································································ 29
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RIP operation ··················································································································· 29
RIP versions ····················································································································· 30
Protocols and standards ····································································································· 30
RIP configuration task list ·········································································································· 30
Configuring basic RIP ··············································································································· 31
Enabling RIP ···················································································································· 31
Controlling RIP reception and advertisement on interfaces ························································· 32
Configuring a RIP version ··································································································· 32
Configuring RIP route control ······································································································ 33
Configuring an additional routing metric·················································································· 33
Configuring RIPv2 route summarization ················································································· 34
Disabling host route reception ······························································································ 35
Advertising a default route ··································································································· 35
Configuring received/redistributed route filtering ······································································· 35
Setting a preference for RIP ································································································ 36
Configuring RIP route redistribution ······················································································· 36
Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ···························································································· 37
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································· 37
Setting RIP timers ············································································································· 37
Enabling split horizon and poison reverse ··············································································· 38
Setting the maximum number of RIP ECMP routes ··································································· 38
Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages ···························································· 39
Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates ······················································ 39
Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ············································································· 39
Setting the RIP triggered update interval ················································································ 40
Specifying a RIP neighbor ··································································································· 40
Configuring RIP network management ··················································································· 41
Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ················································································· 41
Setting the maximum length of RIP packets ············································································ 41
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing RIP packets ····································································· 42
Configuring RIP GR ·················································································································· 42
Enabling RIP NSR···················································································································· 43
Configuring BFD for RIP ············································································································ 43
Configuring single-hop echo detection (for a directly connected RIP neighbor) ······························· 44
Configuring single-hop echo detection (for a specific destination) ················································ 44
Configuring bidirectional control detection ··············································································· 44
Configuring RIP FRR ················································································································ 45
Configuration restrictions and guidelines ················································································ 45
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································· 45
Configuring RIP FRR ········································································································· 46
Enabling BFD for RIP FRR ·································································································· 46
Displaying and maintaining RIP ··································································································· 46
RIP configuration examples ········································································································ 47
Configuring basic RIP ········································································································· 47
Configuring RIP route redistribution ······················································································· 50
Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface ··································································· 52
Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route ········································································· 53
Configuring RIP GR ··········································································································· 56
Configuring RIP NSR ········································································································· 56
Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop echo detection for a directly connected neighbor) ···················· 58
Configuring BFD for RIP (single hop echo detection for a specific destination) ································ 61
Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode) ································ 63
Configuring RIP FRR ········································································································· 66
Configuring OSPF ·········································································· 69
Overview ································································································································ 69
OSPF packets ·················································································································· 69
LSA types ························································································································ 69
OSPF areas ····················································································································· 70
Router types ····················································································································· 72
Route types ······················································································································ 73
Route calculation ··············································································································· 73
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OSPF network types ·········································································································· 74
DR and BDR ···················································································································· 74
Protocols and standards ····································································································· 75
OSPF configuration task list ······································································································· 75
Enabling OSPF ······················································································································· 77
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································· 77
Configuration guidelines ····································································································· 77
Enabling OSPF on a network ······························································································· 77
Enabling OSPF on an interface ···························································································· 78
Configuring OSPF areas ············································································································ 78
Configuring a stub area ······································································································ 79
Configuring an NSSA area ·································································································· 79
Configuring a virtual link ······································································································ 80
Configuring OSPF network types ································································································· 80
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································· 81
Configuring the broadcast network type for an interface ····························································· 81
Configuring the NBMA network type for an interface ································································· 81
Configuring the P2MP network type for an interface ·································································· 82
Configuring the P2P network type for an interface ···································································· 82
Configuring OSPF route control ·································································································· 83
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································· 83
Configuring OSPF route summarization ················································································· 83
Configuring received OSPF route filtering ··············································································· 84
Configuring Type-3 LSA filtering ··························································································· 84
Setting an OSPF cost for an interface ···················································································· 85
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes ········································································· 85
Setting OSPF preference ···································································································· 86
Configuring discard routes for summary networks ···································································· 86
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ···················································································· 86
Advertising a host route ······································································································ 88
Excluding interfaces in an OSPF area from the base topology ···················································· 88
Tuning and optimizing OSPF networks ························································································· 88
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································· 88
Setting OSPF timers ·········································································································· 88
Setting LSA transmission delay ···························································································· 89
Setting SPF calculation interval ···························································································· 90
Setting the LSA arrival interval ····························································································· 90
Setting the LSA generation interval ······················································································· 90
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets ··················································· 91
Configuring stub routers ······································································································ 91
Configuring OSPF authentication ·························································································· 92
Adding the interface MTU into DD packets ·············································································· 93
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing OSPF packets ································································· 93
Setting the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB ···························································· 93
Setting OSPF exit overflow interval ······················································································· 94
Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583 ···················································································· 94
Logging neighbor state changes ··························································································· 95
Configuring OSPF network management ················································································ 95
Setting the LSU transmit rate ······························································································· 96
Setting the maximum length of OSPF packets that can be sent by an interface······························· 96
Enabling OSPF ISPF ········································································································· 97
Configuring prefix suppression ····························································································· 97
Configuring prefix prioritization ····························································································· 98
Configuring OSPF PIC ······································································································· 98
Setting the number of OSPF logs ·························································································· 99
Filtering outbound LSAs on an interface ··············································································· 100
Filtering LSAs for the specified neighbor··············································································· 100
Configuring GTSM for OSPF ····························································································· 100
Configuring OSPF GR ············································································································· 101
Configuring OSPF GR restarter ·························································································· 101
Configuring OSPF GR helper ····························································································· 102
Triggering OSPF GR ········································································································ 103
iv
Configuring OSPF NSR ··········································································································· 103
Configuring BFD for OSPF ······································································································· 104
Configuring bidirectional control detection ············································································· 104
Configuring single-hop echo detection ················································································· 104
Configuring OSPF FRR ··········································································································· 104
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 105
Configuration guidelines ··································································································· 105
Configuration procedure ··································································································· 105
Advertising OSPF link state information to BGP ············································································ 107
Displaying and maintaining OSPF ····························································································· 107
OSPF configuration examples ·································································································· 108
Basic OSPF configuration example ····················································································· 108
OSPF route redistribution configuration example ···································································· 111
OSPF route summarization configuration example ································································· 112
OSPF stub area configuration example ················································································ 115
OSPF NSSA area configuration example ·············································································· 118
OSPF DR election configuration example ············································································· 120
OSPF virtual link configuration example ··············································································· 124
OSPF GR configuration example ························································································ 126
OSPF NSR configuration example ······················································································ 129
BFD for OSPF configuration example ·················································································· 131
OSPF FRR configuration example ······················································································ 134
Troubleshooting OSPF configuration ·························································································· 136
No OSPF neighbor relationship established ·········································································· 136
Incorrect routing information ······························································································ 137
Configuring IS-IS ·········································································· 138
Overview ······························································································································ 138
Terminology ··················································································································· 138
IS-IS address format ········································································································ 138
NET······························································································································ 139
IS-IS area ······················································································································ 140
IS-IS network types ·········································································································· 141
IS-IS PDUs ···················································································································· 142
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 144
IS-IS configuration task list ······································································································· 144
Configuring basic IS-IS ············································································································ 145
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 145
Enabling IS-IS ················································································································ 145
Setting the IS level and circuit level ····················································································· 146
Configuring P2P network type for an interface ······································································· 146
Configuring IS-IS route control ·································································································· 147
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 147
Configuring IS-IS link cost ································································································· 147
Specifying a preference for IS-IS ························································································ 148
Configuring the maximum number of ECMP routes ································································· 149
Configuring IS-IS route summarization ················································································· 149
Advertising a default route ································································································· 149
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ··················································································· 150
Configuring IS-IS route filtering ··························································································· 151
Configuring IS-IS route leaking ··························································································· 152
Advertising IS-IS link state information to BGP ······································································· 152
Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks ························································································· 153
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 153
Specifying the interval for sending IS-IS hello packets ····························································· 153
Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier ····················································································· 153
Specifying the interval for sending IS-IS CSNP packets ··························································· 154
Configuring a DIS priority for an interface ············································································· 154
Disabling an interface from sending/receiving IS-IS packets ····················································· 154
Enabling an interface to send small hello packets ··································································· 155
Configuring LSP parameters ······························································································ 155
Controlling SPF calculation interval ····················································································· 157
v
Configuring convergence priorities for specific routes ······························································ 158
Setting the LSDB overload bit ···························································································· 158
Configuring the ATT bit ····································································································· 159
Configuring the tag value for an interface ·············································································· 159
Configuring system ID to host name mappings ······································································ 160
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes ····································································· 161
Enabling IS-IS ISPF ········································································································· 161
Enabling prefix suppression ······························································································· 161
Configuring IS-IS network management ··············································································· 162
Configuring IS-IS PIC ······································································································· 162
Enhancing IS-IS network security ······························································································ 163
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 163
Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ···································································· 164
Configuring area authentication ·························································································· 164
Configuring routing domain authentication ············································································ 165
Configuring IS-IS GR ·············································································································· 165
Configuring IS-IS NSR ············································································································ 166
Configuring BFD for IS-IS ········································································································ 167
Configuring IS-IS FRR ············································································································ 167
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 168
Configuration guidelines ··································································································· 168
Configuration procedure ··································································································· 168
Displaying and maintaining IS-IS ······························································································· 170
IS-IS configuration examples ···································································································· 171
Basic IS-IS configuration example ······················································································· 171
DIS election configuration example ····················································································· 175
IS-IS route redistribution configuration example ····································································· 179
IS-IS authentication configuration example ··········································································· 183
IS-IS GR configuration example ························································································· 186
IS-IS NSR configuration example ························································································ 187
BFD for IS-IS configuration example ···················································································· 190
IS-IS FRR configuration example ························································································ 193
Configuring BGP ·········································································· 197
Overview ······························································································································ 197
BGP speaker and BGP peer ······························································································ 197
BGP message types ········································································································ 197
BGP path attributes ········································································································· 197
BGP route selection ········································································································· 201
BGP route advertisement rules ··························································································· 201
BGP load balancing ········································································································· 202
Settlements for problems in large-scale BGP networks ···························································· 203
MP-BGP ························································································································ 206
BGP multi-instance ·········································································································· 206
BGP configuration views ··································································································· 207
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 208
BGP configuration task list ······································································································· 208
Configuring basic BGP ············································································································ 211
Enabling BGP ················································································································· 211
Configuring a BGP peer ···································································································· 212
Configuring dynamic BGP peers ························································································· 214
Configuring a BGP peer group ··························································································· 217
Specifying the source address of TCP connections ································································· 227
Generating BGP routes ··········································································································· 229
Injecting a local network ···································································································· 229
Redistributing IGP routes ·································································································· 230
Controlling route distribution and reception ·················································································· 232
Configuring BGP route summarization ················································································· 232
Advertising optimal routes in the IP routing table ···································································· 234
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group ································································· 235
Enabling prioritized advertisement of default-route withdrawal messages ···································· 237
Limiting routes received from a peer or peer group ································································· 238
vi
Configuring BGP route filtering policies ················································································ 239
Setting the BGP route sending rate ····················································································· 245
Configuring BGP route update delay ··················································································· 246
Configuring a startup policy for BGP route updates ································································· 246
Configuring BGP route dampening ······················································································ 247
Controlling BGP path selection ································································································· 248
Setting a preferred value for routes received ········································································· 248
Configuring preferences for BGP routes ··············································································· 249
Configuring the default local preference ··············································································· 251
Configuring the MED attribute ···························································································· 252
Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute ··················································································· 256
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ····················································································· 258
Ignoring IGP metrics during optimal route selection ································································ 264
Configuring the SoO attribute ····························································································· 264
Tuning and optimizing BGP networks ························································································· 265
Configuring the keepalive interval and hold time ····································································· 266
Setting the session retry timer ···························································································· 267
Configuring the interval for sending updates for the same route ················································· 268
Enabling BGP to establish an EBGP session over multiple hops ··············································· 269
Enabling immediate re-establishment of direct EBGP connections upon link failure ······················· 270
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ·············································································· 270
Enabling MD5 authentication for BGP peers ·········································································· 271
Enabling keychain authentication for BGP peers ···································································· 272
Configuring BGP load balancing ························································································· 273
Configuring the BGP Additional Paths feature ········································································ 275
Configuring IPsec for IPv6 BGP ·························································································· 276
Disabling BGP session establishment ·················································································· 277
Configuring GTSM for BGP ······························································································· 279
Configuring BGP soft-reset ································································································ 280
Protecting an EBGP peer when memory usage reaches level 2 threshold ··································· 285
Flushing the suboptimal BGP route to the RIB ······································································· 286
Setting a DSCP value for outgoing BGP packets ···································································· 286
Disabling route recursion policy control for routes received from a peer or peer group ···················· 287
Configuring a large-scale BGP network ······················································································ 287
Configuring BGP communities ··························································································· 287
Configuring BGP route reflection ························································································ 289
Configuring a BGP confederation ························································································ 292
Configuring BGP GR ·············································································································· 293
Configuring BGP NSR ············································································································· 294
Enabling SNMP notifications for BGP ························································································· 294
Enabling logging for session state changes ················································································· 295
Enabling logging for BGP route flapping ······················································································ 295
Configuring BFD for BGP ········································································································· 297
Configuring BGP FRR ············································································································· 298
Configuring BGP LS ··············································································································· 300
Configuring basic BGP LS ································································································· 301
Configuring BGP LS route reflection ···················································································· 301
Specifying an AS number and a router ID for BGP LS messages ··············································· 301
Configuring BMP···················································································································· 302
Displaying and maintaining BGP ······························································································· 302
Displaying BGP ··············································································································· 302
Resetting BGP sessions ··································································································· 306
Clearing BGP information ·································································································· 307
IPv4 BGP configuration examples ····························································································· 307
Basic BGP configuration example ······················································································· 307
BGP and IGP route redistribution configuration example ·························································· 312
BGP route summarization configuration example ··································································· 314
BGP load balancing configuration example ··········································································· 317
BGP Additional Paths configuration example ········································································· 320
BGP community configuration example ················································································ 323
BGP route reflector configuration example ············································································ 326
BGP confederation configuration example ············································································ 328
vii
BGP path selection configuration example ············································································ 332
BGP GR configuration example ·························································································· 335
BFD for BGP configuration example ···················································································· 337
BGP FRR configuration example ························································································ 340
Multicast BGP configuration example··················································································· 344
Dynamic BGP peer configuration example ············································································ 348
BGP LS configuration example ··························································································· 350
IPv6 BGP configuration examples ····························································································· 352
IPv6 BGP basic configuration example ················································································· 352
IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration example ····································································· 355
BFD for IPv6 BGP configuration example ············································································· 358
IPsec for IPv6 BGP packets configuration example ································································· 361
IPv6 BGP FRR configuration example ················································································· 366
IPv6 multicast BGP configuration example ············································································ 370
Troubleshooting BGP ·············································································································· 373
Symptom ······················································································································· 373
Analysis ························································································································ 373
Solution ························································································································· 373
Configuring PBR ·········································································· 375
Overview ······························································································································ 375
Policy ···························································································································· 375
PBR and Track ··············································································································· 376
Restrictions and guidelines: PBR configuration ············································································· 376
PBR configuration task list ······································································································· 376
Configuring a policy ················································································································ 377
Creating a node ·············································································································· 377
Setting match criteria for a node ························································································· 377
Configuring actions for a node ···························································································· 378
Specifying a policy for PBR ······································································································ 379
Specifying a policy for local PBR ························································································ 379
Specifying a policy for interface PBR ··················································································· 379
Specifying a policy for outbound PBR on a VXLAN tunnel interface ············································ 379
Displaying and maintaining PBR ······························································································· 380
PBR configuration examples ···································································································· 380
Packet type-based local PBR configuration example ······························································· 380
Packet type-based interface PBR configuration example ························································· 382
VXLAN ID-based outbound PBR configuration example ·························································· 383
Configuring IPv6 static routing ························································ 387
Configuring an IPv6 static route ································································································ 387
Configuring BFD for IPv6 static routes ························································································ 387
Bidirectional control mode ································································································· 388
Single-hop echo mode ······································································································ 388
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes ··············································································· 389
IPv6 static routing configuration examples ··················································································· 389
Basic IPv6 static route configuration example ········································································ 389
BFD for IPv6 static routes configuration example (direct next hop) ············································· 391
BFD for IPv6 static routes configuration example (indirect next hop) ··········································· 394
Configuring an IPv6 default route ····················································· 397
Configuring RIPng ········································································ 398
Overview ······························································································································ 398
RIPng route entries ·········································································································· 398
RIPng packets ················································································································ 398
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 399
RIPng configuration task list ····································································································· 399
Configuring basic RIPng ·········································································································· 399
Configuring RIPng route control ································································································ 400
Configuring an additional routing metric················································································ 400
Configuring RIPng route summarization ··············································································· 400
viii
Advertising a default route ································································································· 401
Configuring received/redistributed route filtering ····································································· 401
Setting a preference for RIPng ··························································································· 401
Configuring RIPng route redistribution·················································································· 402
Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network ··················································································· 402
Setting RIPng timers ········································································································ 402
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse ········································································· 403
Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ······································································ 403
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes ······································································· 404
Configuring the RIPng packet sending rate ··········································································· 404
Setting the interval for sending triggered updates ··································································· 405
Configuring RIPng GR ············································································································ 405
Configuring RIPng NSR ··········································································································· 406
Configuring RIPng FRR ··········································································································· 406
Configuration restrictions and guidelines ·············································································· 407
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 407
Configuring RIPng FRR ···································································································· 407
Enabling BFD for RIPng FRR ····························································································· 407
Applying an IPsec profile ········································································································· 408
Displaying and maintaining RIPng ····························································································· 408
RIPng configuration examples ·································································································· 409
Basic RIPng configuration example ····················································································· 409
RIPng route redistribution configuration example ···································································· 411
RIPng GR configuration example ························································································ 414
RIPng NSR configuration example ······················································································ 415
Configuring RIPng FRR ···································································································· 417
RIPng IPsec profile configuration example ············································································ 419
Configuring OSPFv3 ····································································· 422
Overview ······························································································································ 422
OSPFv3 packets ············································································································· 422
OSPFv3 LSA types ·········································································································· 422
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 423
OSPFv3 configuration task list ·································································································· 423
Enabling OSPFv3 ·················································································································· 424
Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters ························································································ 425
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 425
Configuring a stub area ···································································································· 425
Configuring an NSSA area ································································································ 425
Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link ······················································································ 426
Configuring OSPFv3 network types ··························································································· 426
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 427
Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface ····························································· 427
Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor ·············································································· 427
Configuring OSPFv3 route control ····························································································· 427
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 427
Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization ············································································ 428
Configuring OSPFv3 received route filtering ·········································································· 428
Configuring Inter-Area-Prefix LSA filtering ············································································· 429
Setting an OSPFv3 cost for an interface ··············································································· 429
Setting the maximum number of OSPFv3 ECMP routes ·························································· 430
Setting a preference for OSPFv3 ························································································ 430
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution··············································································· 430
Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks ···················································································· 432
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 432
Setting OSPFv3 timers ····································································································· 432
Setting LSA transmission delay ·························································································· 432
Setting SPF calculation interval ·························································································· 433
Setting the LSA generation interval ····················································································· 433
Setting a DR priority for an interface ···················································································· 434
Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ···················································································· 434
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets ············································· 434
ix
Enabling logging for neighbor state changes ········································································· 435
Configuring OSPFv3 network management ··········································································· 435
Setting the LSU transmit rate ····························································································· 436
Configuring stub routers ···································································································· 436
Configuring prefix suppression ··························································································· 437
Setting the maximum number of OSPFv3 logs ······································································· 438
Configuring OSPFv3 authentication ····················································································· 438
Configuring OSPFv3 GR ········································································································· 439
Configuring GR restarter ··································································································· 439
Configuring GR helper ······································································································ 439
Triggering OSPFv3 GR ····································································································· 440
Configuring OSPFv3 NSR ········································································································ 440
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3 ···································································································· 441
Configuring OSPFv3 FRR ········································································································ 441
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 442
Configuration guidelines ··································································································· 442
Configuration procedure ··································································································· 442
Applying an IPsec profile ········································································································· 443
Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3 ·························································································· 444
OSPFv3 configuration examples ······························································································· 445
OSPFv3 stub area configuration example ············································································· 445
OSPFv3 NSSA area configuration example ·········································································· 450
OSPFv3 DR election configuration example ·········································································· 453
OSPFv3 route redistribution configuration example ································································· 456
OSPFv3 route summarization configuration example ······························································ 459
OSPFv3 GR configuration example ····················································································· 463
OSPFv3 NSR configuration example ··················································································· 464
BFD for OSPFv3 configuration example ··············································································· 465
OSPFv3 FRR configuration example ··················································································· 468
OSPFv3 IPsec profile configuration example ········································································· 470
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS ··································································· 475
Overview ······························································································································ 475
Configuring basic IPv6 IS-IS ····································································································· 475
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS route control ··························································································· 476
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS link cost ·························································································· 477
Tuning and optimizing IPv6 IS-IS networks ·················································································· 478
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 478
Assigning a convergence priority to IPv6 IS-IS routes ······························································ 478
Setting the LSDB overload bit ···························································································· 479
Configuring a tag value on an interface ················································································ 479
Controlling SPF calculation interval ····················································································· 479
Enabling IPv6 IS-IS ISPF ·································································································· 480
Enabling prefix suppression ······························································································· 480
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ································································································· 480
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS FRR ······································································································ 481
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 481
Configuration procedure ··································································································· 482
Enabling IPv6 IS-IS MTR ········································································································· 483
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS ························································································ 484
IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples ····························································································· 485
IPv6 IS-IS basic configuration example ················································································ 485
BFD for IPv6 IS-IS configuration example ············································································· 489
IPv6 IS-IS FRR configuration example ················································································· 492
Configuring IPv6 PBR ··································································· 495
Overview ······························································································································ 495
Policy ···························································································································· 495
IPv6 PBR and Track ········································································································ 496
Restrictions and guidelines: IPv6 PBR configuration ······································································ 496
IPv6 PBR configuration task list ································································································ 496
Configuring an IPv6 policy ······································································································· 497
x
Creating an IPv6 node ······································································································ 497
Setting match criteria for an IPv6 node ················································································· 497
Configuring actions for an IPv6 node ··················································································· 497
Configuring IPv6 PBR ············································································································· 498
Configuring IPv6 local PBR ······························································································· 498
Configuring IPv6 interface PBR ·························································································· 498
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PBR ························································································· 499
IPv6 PBR configuration examples ······························································································ 499
Packet type-based IPv6 local PBR configuration example ························································ 499
Packet type-based IPv6 interface PBR configuration example ··················································· 500
Configuring routing policies ···························································· 503
Overview ······························································································································ 503
Filters ··························································································································· 503
Routing policy ················································································································· 503
Configuring filters ··················································································································· 504
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 504
Configuring an IP prefix list ································································································ 504
Configuring an AS path list ································································································ 505
Configuring a community list ······························································································ 505
Configuring an extended community list ··············································································· 505
Configuring a routing policy ······································································································ 506
Configuration prerequisites ································································································ 506
Creating a routing policy ··································································································· 506
Configuring if-match clauses ······························································································ 506
Configuring apply clauses ································································································· 508
Configuring the continue clause ·························································································· 510
Displaying and maintaining the routing policy ··············································································· 510
Routing policy configuration examples ························································································ 511
Routing policy configuration example for IPv4 route redistribution ·············································· 511
Routing policy configuration example for IPv6 route redistribution ·············································· 513
Document conventions and icons ···················································· 516
Conventions ························································································································· 516
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Support and other resources ·························································· 518
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Index ························································································· 521
1
Configuring basic IP routing
IP routing directs IP packet forwarding on routers based on a routing table. This chapter focuses on
unicast routing protocols. For more information about multicast routing protocols, see IP Multicast
Configuration Guide.
Routing table
A RIB contains the global routing information and related information, including route recursion, route
redistribution, and route extension information. The router selects optimal routes from the routing
table and puts them into the FIB table. It uses the FIB table to forward packets. For more information
about the FIB table, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide.
Table 1 categorizes routes by different criteria.
Table 1 Route categories
Criterion Categories
Destination
• Network route—The destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32
bits.
• Host route—The destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.
Whether the
destination is directly
connected
• Direct route—The destination is directly connected.
• Indirect route—The destination is indirectly connected.
Origin
• Direct route—A direct route is discovered by the data link protocol on an
interface, and is also called an interface route.
• Static route—A static route is manually configured by an administrator.
• Dynamic route—A dynamic route is dynamically discovered by a routing
protocol.
To view brief information about a routing table, use the display ip routing-table command.
<Sysname> display ip routing-table
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.0/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0
...
A route entry includes the following key items:
• Destination—IP address of the destination host or network.
• Mask—Mask length of the IP address.
• Proto—Protocol that installed the route.
• Pre—Preference of the route. Among routes to the same destination, the route with the highest
preference is optimal.
2
• Cost—If multiple routes to a destination have the same preference, the one with the smallest
cost is the optimal route.
• NextHop—Next hop.
• Interface—Output interface.
Dynamic routing protocols
Static routes work well in small, stable networks. They are easy to configure and require fewer
system resources. However, in networks where topology changes occur frequently, a typical practice
is to configure a dynamic routing protocol. Compared with static routing, a dynamic routing protocol
is complicated to configure, requires more router resources, and consumes more network resources.
Dynamic routing protocols dynamically collect and report reachability information to adapt to
topology changes. They are suitable for large networks.
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified by different criteria, as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Categories of dynamic routing protocols
Criterion Categories
Operation scope
• IGPs—Work within an AS. Examples include RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
• EGPs—Work between ASs. The most popular EGP is BGP.
Routing algorithm
• Distance-vector protocols—Examples include RIP and BGP. BGP is also
considered a path-vector protocol.
• Link-state protocols—Examples include OSPF and IS-IS.
Destination address
type
• Unicast routing protocols—Examples include RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
• Multicast routing protocols—Examples include PIM-SM and PIM-DM.
IP version
• IPv4 routing protocols—Examples include RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS.
• IPv6 routing protocols—Examples include RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and
IPv6 IS-IS.
An AS refers to a group of routers that use the same routing policy and work under the same
administration.
Route preference
Routing protocols, including static and direct routing, each by default have a preference. If they find
multiple routes to the same destination, the router selects the route with the highest preference as
the optimal route.
The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can configure a preference
for each static route and each dynamic routing protocol. The following table lists the route types and
default preferences. The smaller the value, the higher the preference.
Table 3 Route types and default route preferences
Route type Preference
Direct route 0
Multicast static route 1
OSPF 10
IS-IS 15
3
Route type Preference
Unicast static route 60
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
OSPF NSSA 150
IBGP 255
EBGP 255
Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256
Load sharing
A routing protocol might find multiple optimal equal-cost routes to the same destination. You can use
these routes to implement equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) load sharing.
Static routing, IPv6 static routing, RIP, RIPng, OSPF, OSPFv3, BGP, IPv6 BGP, IS-IS, and IPv6 IS-IS
support ECMP load sharing.
Route backup
Route backup can improve network availability. Among multiple routes to the same destination, the
route with the highest priority is the primary route and others are secondary routes.
The router forwards matching packets through the primary route. When the primary route fails, the
route with the highest preference among the secondary routes is selected to forward packets. When
the primary route recovers, the router uses it to forward packets.
Route recursion
To use a BGP, static, or RIP route that has an indirectly connected next hop, a router must perform
route recursion to find the output interface to reach the next hop.
Link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, do not need route recursion, because they
obtain directly connected next hops through route calculation.
The RIB records and saves route recursion information, including brief information about related
routes, recursive paths, and recursion depth.
Route redistribution
Route redistribution enables routing protocols to learn routing information from each other. A
dynamic routing protocol can redistribute routes from other routing protocols, including direct and
static routing. For more information, see the respective chapters on those routing protocols in this
configuration guide.
The RIB records redistribution relationships of routing protocols.
4
Extension attribute redistribution
Extension attribute redistribution enables routing protocols to learn route extension attributes from
each other, including BGP extended community attributes, OSPF area IDs, route types, and router
IDs.
The RIB records extended attributes of each routing protocol and redistribution relationships of
different routing protocol extended attributes.
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes and labels
in the RIB
Perform this task to prevent routes of a certain protocol from being aged out due to slow protocol
convergence resulting from a large number of route entries or long GR period.
The configuration takes effect at the next protocol or RIB process switchover.
To set the maximum lifetime for routes and labels in the RIB (IPv4):
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4 By default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv4 routes and labels in the
RIB.
protocol protocol [ instance
instance-name ] lifetime seconds
By default, the maximum
lifetime for routes and labels
in the RIB is 480 seconds.
To set the maximum route lifetime for routes and labels in the RIB (IPv6):
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6 By default, no RIB IPv6
address family exists.
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv6 routes and labels in the
RIB.
protocol protocol [ instance
instance-name ] lifetime seconds
By default, the maximum
lifetime for routes and labels
in the RIB is 480 seconds.
Setting the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB
When GR or NSR is disabled, FIB entries must be retained for some time after a protocol process
switchover or RIB process switchover. When GR or NSR is enabled, FIB entries must be removed
immediately after a protocol or RIB process switchover to avoid routing issues. Perform this task to
meet such requirements.
To set the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB (IPv4):
5
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4 By default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv4 routes in the FIB. fib lifetime seconds By default, the maximum
lifetime for routes in the FIB
is 600 seconds.
To set the maximum lifetime for routes in the FIB (IPv6):
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6 By default, no RIB IPv6
address family exists.
4. Set the maximum lifetime for
IPv6 routes in the FIB. fib lifetime seconds By default, the maximum
lifetime for routes in the FIB
is 600 seconds.
Enabling the RIB to flush route attribute
information to the FIB
This feature is available only for BGP routes in the current software version. You can configure this
feature when using sFlow to monitor BGP traffic. For more information about BGP path attributes
and sFlow, see Layer 3
—
IP Routing Configuration Guide and Network Management and Monitoring
Configuration Guide.
To enable RIB to flush route attribute information to the FIB:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4 By default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4. Enable the RIB to flush route
attribute information to the
FIB. flush route-attribute protocol By default, the RIB does not
flush route attribute
information to the FIB.
Setting the maximum number of ECMP routes
This configuration takes effect at reboot. Make sure the reboot does not impact your network.
To set the maximum number of ECMP routes:
6
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Set the maximum number of
ECMP routes. max-ecmp-num number By default, the maximum
number of ECMP routes is 8.
Configuring the ECMP mode
This configuration takes effect at reboot. Make sure the reboot does not impact your network.
Enabling the enhanced ECMP mode
About the enhanced ECMP mode
When one or multiple ECMP routes fail, the default ECMP mode enables the device to reallocate all
traffic to the remaining routes.
The enhanced ECMP mode enables the device to reallocate only the traffic of the failed routes to the
remaining routes, which ensures forwarding continuity.
Procedure
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable the enhanced ECMP
mode. ecmp mode enhanced By default, the enhanced
ECMP mode is disabled.
Enabling the compressed ECMP mode
About the compressed ECMP mode
An ECMP route group contains ECMP routes to the same destination. When the hardware resources
used by all ECMP route groups on the device reach the upper limit, no more ECMP route groups can
be created.
This feature enables the device to compress the hardware resources of all ECMP route groups to
save storage space for more ECMP route groups.
Procedure
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable the compressed
ECMP mode. ecmp mode compressed By default, the compressed
ECMP mode is disabled.
Configuring RIB NSR
IMPORTANT:
Use this feature with protocol GR or NSR to avoid route timeouts and traffic interruption.
7
When an active/standby switchover occurs, nonstop routing (NSR) backs up routing information
from the active process to the standby process to avoid routing flapping and ensure forwarding
continuity.
RIB NSR provides faster route convergence than protocol NSR during an active/standby switchover.
Configuring IPv4 RIB NSR
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4 By default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4. Enable IPv4 RIB NSR. non-stop-routing By default, RIB NSR is
disabled.
Configuring IPv6 RIB NSR
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6 By default, no RIB IPv6
address family exists.
4. Enable IPv6 RIB NSR. non-stop-routing By default, RIB NSR is
disabled.
Configuring inter-protocol FRR
CAUTION:
This feature uses the next hop of a route from a different protocol as the backup next hop for the
faulty route, which might cause loops.
Inter-protocol fast reroute (FRR) enables fast rerouting between routes of different protocols. A
backup next hop is automatically selected to reduce the service interruption time caused by
unreachable next hops. When the next hop of the primary link fails, the traffic is redirected to the
backup next hop.
Among the routes to the same destination in the RIB, a router adds the route with the highest
preference to the FIB table. For example, if a static route and an OSPF route in the RIB have the
same destination, the router adds the OSPF route to the FIB table by default. The next hop of the
static route is selected as the backup next hop for the OSPF route. When the next hop of the OSPF
route is unreachable, the backup next hop is used.
Configuring IPv4 RIB inter-protocol FRR
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
8
Step Command Remarks
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv4 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv4 By default, no RIB IPv4
address family exists.
4. Enable IPv4 RIB
inter-protocol FRR. inter-protocol fast-reroute
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
By default, inter-protocol
FRR is disabled.
If you do not specify a VPN
instance, inter-protocol FRR
is enabled for the public
network.
Configuring IPv6 RIB inter-protocol FRR
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enter RIB view. rib N/A
3. Create the RIB IPv6 address
family and enter its view. address-family ipv6 By default, no RIB IPv6
address family exists.
4. Enable IPv6 RIB
inter-protocol FRR. inter-protocol fast-reroute
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
By default, inter-protocol
FRR is disabled.
If you do not specify a VPN
instance, inter-protocol FRR
is enabled for the public
network.
Enabling support for IPv6 routes with prefixes
longer than 64 bits
This feature takes effect at next reboot. Make sure the reboot does not impact your network.
To enable support for IPv6 routes with prefixes longer than 64 bits:
Step Command Remarks
1. Enter system view. system-view N/A
2. Enable support for IPv6
routes with prefixes longer
than 64 bits.
hardware-resource
routing-mode { ipv6-64 |
ipv6-128 }
By default, the device does not
support IPv6 routes with prefixes
longer than 64 bits.
Configuring routing policy-based recursive lookup
When a route changes, the routing protocol has to perform a route recursion if the next hop is
indirectly connected. The routing protocol might select an incorrect path, which can cause traffic loss.
To prevent this problem, you can use a routing policy to verify the recursive route. If the recursive
route fails to match the routing policy, the routing protocol invalidates the route and marks it as
unreachable.
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