H3C S5500-SI Series Configuration manual

H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI Switch Series

Layer 3 - IP Routing Configuration Guide

Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

http://www.h3c.com

Software version: Release 2210

Document version: 6W100-20110915

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior

written consent of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

H3C,

, Aolynk, , H

3

Care,

, TOP G, , IRF, NetPilot, Neocean, NeoVTL,

SecPro, SecPoint, SecEngine, SecPath, Comware, Secware, Storware, NQA, VVG, V

2

G, V

n

G, PSPT,

XGbus, N-Bus, TiGem, InnoVision and HUASAN are trademarks of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co.,

Ltd.

All other trademarks that may be mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective owners

Notice

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Preface

The H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set includes 10 configuration guides, which describe the

software features for the H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI Switch Series Release 2210, and guide you through

the software configuration procedures. These configuration guides also provide configuration examples

to help you apply software features to different network scenarios.

The Layer 3 – IP Routing Configuration Guide describes routing fundamentals and configuration. It covers

the mainstream routing protocols for IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and describes how to use policies to filter

routes and affect routing decisions.

This preface includes:

• Audience

• New and changed features

• Conventions

• About the S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set

• Obtaining documentation

• Technical support

• Documentation feedback

Audience

This documentation is intended for:

• Network planners

• Field technical support and servicing engineers

• Network administrators working with the S5500-EI & S5500-SI Switch Series

New and changed features

This section describes the new and changed features in software release 2210 over release 2208 for the

S5500-EI and S5500-SI switches.

Feature module New features

IP routing basics

Supporting the vpn-instance vpn-instance-name option for the commands

that display IPv6 routes.

Static routing Permanent static routes

RIP N/A

OSPF (only available on the

S5500-EI)

• Incremental shortest path first (ISPF)

• Enabling the OSPF router to calculate the default routes from other

routers

IS-IS (only available on the

S5500-EI)

Assigning convergence priority to routes

Feature module New features

BGP (only available on the

S5500-EI)

4-byte AS number suppression

IPv6 static routing Support for VPN instances

RIPng S5500-EI only: Support for VPN instances

OSPFv3 (only available on the

S5500-EI)

• Collaboration with BFD

• Support for VPN instances

IPv6 IS-IS (only available on the

S5500-EI)

• Collaboration with BFD

• Support for VPN instances

IPv6 BGP (only available on the

S5500-EI)

• Support for VPN instances

• Collaboration with BFD

• 4-byte AS number suppression

• Naming AS community lists

Routing policy S5500-EI only: Naming AS community lists

Policy-based routing (only

available on the S5500-EI)

N/A

MCE (only available on the

S5500-EI)

N/A

IPv6 MCE (only available on the

S5500-EI)

All IPv6 MCE features

Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in this documentation set.

Command conventions

Convention Description

Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.

Italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.

[ ] Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are optional.

{ x | y | ... }

Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from which

you select one.

[ x | y | ... ]

Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from

which you select one or none.

{ x | y | ... } *

Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical

bars, from which you select at least one.

[ x | y | ... ] *

Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by vertical

bars, from which you select one choice, multiple choices, or none.

&<1-n>

The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&) sign can

be entered 1 to n times.

# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.

GUI conventions

Convention Description

Boldface

Window names, button names, field names, and menu items are in Boldface. For

example, the New User window appears; click OK.

> Multi-level menus are separated by angle brackets. For example, File > Create > Folder.

Symbols

Convention Description

WARNING

An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed can

result in personal injury.

CAUTION

An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed can

result in data loss, data corruption, or damage to hardware or software.

IMPORTANT

An alert that calls attention to essential information.

NOTE

An alert that contains additional or supplementary information.

TIP

An alert that provides helpful information.

Network topology icons

Represents a generic network device, such as a router, switch, or firewall.

Represents a routing-capable device, such as a router or Layer 3 switch.

Represents a generic switch, such as a Layer 2 or Layer 3 switch, or a router that supports

Layer 2 forwarding and other Layer 2 features.

Port numbering in examples

The port numbers in this document are for illustration only and might be unavailable on your device.

About the S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set

The H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set includes:

Documents Purposes

Product description and specifications

Marketing brochures Describe product specifications and benefits.

Technology white papers

Provide an in-depth description of software features and

technologies.

Hardware specifications and installation

Compliance and safety manuals

CE DOCs

Provide regulatory information and the safety instructions that must be

followed during installation.

Quick starts

Guides you through initial installation and setup procedures to help

you quickly set up your device.

Documents Purposes

Installation guides Provides a complete guide to switch installation and specifications.

PSR150-A [ PSR150-D ] Power

Modules User Manual

Describe the specifications, installation, and replacement of hot

swappable 150W power modules.

RPS Ordering Information for H3C

Low-End Ethernet Switches

Helps you order RPSs for switches that can work with an RPS.

User manuals for RPSs Describe the specifications, installation, and replacement of RPSs.

User manuals for interface cards

Describe the specifications, installation, and replacement of

expansion interface cards.

H3C Low End Series Ethernet Switches

Pluggable Modules Manual

Describes the specifications of pluggable transceiver modules.

Pluggable SFP[SFP+][XFP] Transceiver

Modules Installation Guide

Describe the installation, and replacement of SFP/SFP+/XFP

transceiver modules.

Software configuration

Configuration guides Describe software features and configuration procedures.

Command references Provide a quick reference to all available commands.

Operations and maintenance

H3C Series Ethernet Switches Login

Password Recovery Manual

Helps you deal with switch login password loss.

Release notes

Provide information about the product release, including the version

history, hardware and software compatibility matrix, version

upgrade information, technical support information, and software

upgrading.

Obtaining documentation

You can access the most up-to-date H3C product documentation on the World Wide Web at

http://www.h3c.com

.

Click the links on the top navigation bar to obtain different categories of product documentation:

[Technical Support & Documents > Technical Documents]

– Provides hardware installation, software

upgrading, and software feature configuration and maintenance documentation.

[Products & Solutions]

– Provides information about products and technologies, as well as solutions.

[Technical Support & Documents > Software Download]

– Provides the documentation released with the

software version.

Technical support

cu[email protected]

http://www.h3c.com

Documentation feedback

You can e-mail your comments about product documentation to inf[email protected].

We appreciate your comments.

i

Contents

IP routing basics ··························································································································································· 1

IP routing overview ···························································································································································1

Routing table·····························································································································································1

Dynamic routing protocols ······································································································································2

Routing preference ···················································································································································3

Load sharing ·····························································································································································4

Route backup ····························································································································································4

Route recursion ·························································································································································4

Route redistribution···················································································································································4

Displaying and maintaining a routing table ··················································································································4

Static routing configuration ········································································································································· 7

Introduction ········································································································································································7

Static route ································································································································································7

Default route······························································································································································7

Static route configuration items·······························································································································7

Configuring a static route·················································································································································8

Configuration prerequisites ·····································································································································8

Configuration procedure ·········································································································································8

Configuring BFD for static routes·····································································································································9

BFD control packet mode ········································································································································9

BFD echo packet mode········································································································································· 10

Configuring static route FRR·········································································································································· 10

Displaying and maintaining static routes ···················································································································· 11

Static route configuration examples····························································································································· 12

Basic static route configuration example ············································································································ 12

Static route FRR configuration example ·············································································································· 14

BFD for static routes configuration example (direct session) ············································································ 16

BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect session) ········································································· 18

RIP configuration ························································································································································21

RIP overview ··································································································································································· 21

RIP working mechanism ········································································································································ 21

Operation of RIP···················································································································································· 22

RIP version······························································································································································ 22

RIP message format ··············································································································································· 23

Supported RIP features·········································································································································· 24

Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 25

RIP configuration task list··············································································································································· 25

Configuring RIP basic functions ···································································································································· 26

Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 26

Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 26

Configuring RIP route control········································································································································ 28

Configuring an additional routing metric ··········································································································· 28

Configuring RIPv2 route summarization·············································································································· 28

Disabling host route reception ····························································································································· 29

Advertising a default route ··································································································································· 30

Configuring inbound or outbound route filtering······························································································· 30

Configuring a priority for RIP ······························································································································· 31

Configuring RIP route redistribution····················································································································· 31

ii

Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ···························································································································· 32

Configuring RIP timers··········································································································································· 32

Configuring split horizon and poison reverse···································································································· 32

Configuring the maximum number of load balanced routes············································································ 33

Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages ·················································································· 33

Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates············································································ 34

Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ········································································································ 34

Specifying a RIP neighbor ···································································································································· 35

Configuring RIP-to-MIB binding···························································································································· 35

Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ············································································································ 35

Configuring RIP FRR ······················································································································································· 36

Configuring BFD for RIP················································································································································· 37

Single-hop detection in BFD echo packet mode ································································································ 37

Bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode·························································································· 37

Displaying and maintaining RIP ··································································································································· 38

RIP configuration examples··········································································································································· 38

Configuring RIP version ········································································································································ 38

Configuring RIP route redistribution····················································································································· 40

Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface························································································· 42

Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route··································································································· 44

RIP FRR configuration example ···························································································································· 46

Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop detection in BFD echo packet mode) ····················································· 48

Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode)·············································· 51

Troubleshooting RIP························································································································································ 54

No RIP updates received ······································································································································ 54

Route oscillation occurred ···································································································································· 54

OSPF configuration····················································································································································56

Introduction to OSPF ······················································································································································ 56

Basic concepts ······················································································································································· 56

Area based OSPF network partition ··················································································································· 58

Router types···························································································································································· 61

Classification of OSPF networks ·························································································································· 62

DR and BDR ··························································································································································· 63

OSPF packet formats············································································································································· 64

Supported features ················································································································································ 72

Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 73

OSPF configuration task list ·········································································································································· 73

Enabling OSPF ······························································································································································· 74

Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 74

Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 75

Configuring OSPF areas ··············································································································································· 76

Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 76

Configuring a stub area ······································································································································· 76

Configuring an NSSA area·································································································································· 77

Configuring a virtual link······································································································································ 77

Configuring OSPF network types ································································································································· 78

Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 78

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as broadcast ································································· 79

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as NBMA ······································································ 79

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as P2MP ········································································ 80

Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as P2P············································································ 80

Configuring OSPF route control ··································································································································· 81

Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 81

Configuring OSPF route summarization ············································································································· 81

iii

Configuring OSPF inbound route filtering ·········································································································· 82

Configuring ABR Type-3 LSA filtering ················································································································· 83

Configuring an OSPF cost for an interface ········································································································ 83

Configuring the maximum number of OSPF routes ··························································································· 84

Configuring the maximum number of load-balanced routes ············································································ 84

Configuring OSPF preference······························································································································ 84

Configuring OSPF route redistribution ················································································································ 85

Advertising a host route········································································································································ 86

Tuning and optimizing OSPF networks························································································································ 86

Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 87

Configuring OSPF packet timers·························································································································· 87

Specifying LSA transmission delay ······················································································································ 88

Specifying SPF calculation interval······················································································································ 88

Specifying the LSA arrival interval······················································································································· 88

Specifying the LSA generation interval ··············································································································· 89

Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets······································································ 89

Configuring stub routers ······································································································································· 90

Configuring OSPF authentication ························································································································ 90

Adding the interface MTU into DD packets········································································································ 91

Configuring the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB ··········································································· 91

Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583··············································································································· 91

Logging neighbor state changes·························································································································· 92

Configuring OSPF network management ··········································································································· 92

Enabling message logging··································································································································· 93

Enabling the advertisement and reception of opaque LSAs ············································································· 93

Configuring OSPF to give priority to receiving and processing hello packets ··············································· 93

Configuring the LSU transmit rate························································································································ 94

Enabling OSPF ISPF ·············································································································································· 94

Configuring OSPF FRR··················································································································································· 94

Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart······························································································································ 96

Configuring the OSPF GR Restarter····················································································································· 96

Configuring the OSPF GR Helper························································································································ 97

Triggering OSPF Graceful Restart························································································································ 98

Configuring BFD for OSPF ············································································································································ 98

Configuring control packet bidirectional detection ··························································································· 98

Configuring echo packet single-hop detection··································································································· 98

Displaying and maintaining OSPF······························································································································· 99

OSPF configuration examples ····································································································································100

Configuring OSPF basic functions·····················································································································100

Configuring OSPF route redistribution ··············································································································103

Configuring OSPF to advertise a summary route·····························································································105

Configuring an OSPF stub area·························································································································107

Configuring an OSPF NSSA area·····················································································································110

Configuring OSPF DR election···························································································································112

Configuring OSPF virtual links ···························································································································116

Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart···················································································································118

Configuring route filtering ··································································································································120

Configuring OSPF FRR········································································································································123

Configuring BFD for OSPF ·································································································································125

Troubleshooting OSPF configuration ·························································································································129

No OSPF neighbor relationship established ····································································································129

Incorrect routing information······························································································································129

IS-IS configuration ··················································································································································· 131

IS-IS overview ·······························································································································································131

iv

Basic concepts ·····················································································································································131

IS-IS area ······························································································································································133

IS-IS network type ················································································································································135

IS-IS PDU format···················································································································································136

Supported IS-IS features······································································································································142

Protocols and standards ·····································································································································144

IS-IS configuration task list···········································································································································144

Configuring IS-IS basic functions································································································································145

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································145

Enabling IS-IS·······················································································································································146

Configuring the IS level and circuit level ··········································································································146

Configuring the network type of an interface as P2P······················································································147

Configuring IS-IS routing information control············································································································147

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································147

Configuring IS-IS link cost···································································································································147

Specifying a priority for IS-IS ·····························································································································149

Configuring the maximum number of equal cost routes··················································································149

Configuring IS-IS route summarization··············································································································149

Advertising a default route ·································································································································150

Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································150

Configuring IS-IS route filtering··························································································································151

Configuring IS-IS route leaking ··························································································································152

Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks························································································································152

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································152

Specifying intervals for sending IS-IS hello and CSNP packets ·····································································152

Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier····················································································································153

Configuring a DIS priority for an interface·······································································································153

Disabling an interface from sending or receiving IS-IS packets ·····································································154

Enabling an interface to send small hello packets···························································································154

Configuring LSP parameters·······························································································································154

Configuring SPF parameters ······························································································································157

Assigning a high priority to IS-IS routes············································································································157

Setting the LSDB overload bit·····························································································································157

Configuring system ID to host name mappings································································································158

Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes·····························································································159

Enhancing IS-IS network security ································································································································159

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································159

Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ···························································································159

Configuring area authentication························································································································160

Configuring routing domain authentication······································································································160

Configuring IS-IS GR····················································································································································161

Configuring IS-IS NSR··················································································································································161

Configuring IS-IS FRR ···················································································································································162

Enabling IS-IS SNMP trap ···········································································································································163

Binding an IS-IS process with MIBs ····························································································································163

Configuring BFD for IS-IS·············································································································································164

Displaying and maintaining IS-IS ·······························································································································164

IS-IS configuration examples·······································································································································165

IS-IS basic configuration ·····································································································································165

DIS election configuration ··································································································································170

Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································174

IS-IS Graceful Restart configuration example ···································································································177

IS-IS NSR configuration example·······················································································································179

IS-IS FRR configuration example ························································································································181

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IS-IS authentication configuration example·······································································································184

Configuring BFD for IS-IS····································································································································186

BGP configuration··················································································································································· 190

BGP overview ·······························································································································································190

Formats of BGP messages ··································································································································190

BGP path attributes ·············································································································································193

BGP route selection ·············································································································································197

iBGP and IGP synchronization ··························································································································199

Settlements for problems in large scale BGP networks ···················································································199

BGP GR ································································································································································202

MP-BGP·································································································································································203

Protocols and standards ·····································································································································203

BGP configuration task list ··········································································································································204

Configuring BGP basic functions································································································································205

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································205

Creating a BGP connection································································································································205

Specifying the source interface for TCP connections·······················································································206

Allowing establishment of eBGP connection to an indirectly connected peer or peer group·····················207

Controlling route generation·······································································································································207

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································207

Injecting a local network ····································································································································208

Configuring BGP route redistribution ················································································································208

Enabling default route redistribution into BGP ·································································································208

Controlling route distribution and reception ·············································································································209

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································209

Configuring BGP route summarization ·············································································································209

Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group ·······················································································210

Configuring BGP route distribution/reception filtering policies ·····································································210

Enabling BGP and IGP route synchronization ·································································································211

Limiting prefixes received from a peer or peer group·····················································································212

Configuring BGP route dampening···················································································································212

Configuring a shortcut route·······························································································································213

Configuring BGP route attributes································································································································213

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································213

Specifying a preferred value for routes received·····························································································213

Configuring preferences for BGP routes ···········································································································214

Configure the default local preference ·············································································································214

Configuring the MED attribute ···························································································································214

Configuring the next hop attribute·····················································································································216

Configuring the AS-PATH attribute ····················································································································217

Tuning and optimizing BGP networks························································································································220

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································220

Configuring the BGP keepalive interval and holdtime ····················································································220

Configuring the interval for sending the same update ····················································································221

Configuring BGP soft-reset··································································································································221

Enabling the BGP ORF capability······················································································································222

Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ··········································································································223

Enabling quick eBGP session reestablishment ·································································································224

Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections ·························································································224

Configuring BGP load balancing ······················································································································224

Forbiding session establishment with a peer or peer group···········································································225

Configuring a large scale BGP network····················································································································225

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································225

Configuring BGP peer groups ···························································································································225

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Configuring BGP community······························································································································227

Configuring a BGP route reflector·····················································································································228

Configuring a BGP confederation ·····················································································································228

Configuring BGP GR ···················································································································································229

Enabling trap································································································································································230

Enabling logging of peer state changes····················································································································230

Configuring BFD for BGP ············································································································································231

Displaying and maintaining BGP·······························································································································231

Displaying BGP····················································································································································231

Resetting BGP connections ·································································································································232

Clearing BGP information ··································································································································233

BGP configuration examples·······································································································································233

BGP basic configuration·····································································································································233

BGP and IGP synchronization configuration····································································································237

BGP load balancing configuration····················································································································240

BGP community configuration····························································································································242

BGP route reflector configuration ······················································································································244

BGP confederation configuration ······················································································································246

BGP path selection configuration ······················································································································250

BGP GR configuration·········································································································································253

Configuring BFD for BGP ···································································································································254

Troubleshooting BGP ···················································································································································259

BGP peer relationship not established ··············································································································259

IPv6 static routing configuration····························································································································· 260

Introduction to IPv6 static routing ·······························································································································260

Features of IPv6 static routes ······························································································································260

Default IPv6 route ················································································································································260

Configuring an IPv6 static route ·································································································································260

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································260

Configuration procedure ····································································································································260

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes··········································································································261

IPv6 static routing configuration example ·················································································································261

RIPng configuration················································································································································· 264

Introduction to RIPng ····················································································································································264

RIPng working mechanism··································································································································264

RIPng packet format ············································································································································265

RIPng packet processing procedure ··················································································································266

Protocols and standards ·····································································································································266

RIPng configuration task list ········································································································································266

Configuring RIPng basic functions······························································································································267

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································267

Configuration procedure ····································································································································267

Configuring RIPng route control ·································································································································267

Configuring an additional routing metric ·········································································································268

Configuring RIPng route summarization ···········································································································268

Advertising a default route ·································································································································268

Configuring a RIPng route filtering policy·········································································································269

Configuring a priority for RIPng·························································································································269

Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··············································································································269

Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network·················································································································270

Configuring RIPng timers ····································································································································270

Configuring split horizon and poison reverse··································································································270

Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ·······························································································271

vii

Configuring the maximum number of equal cost routes for load balancing ················································271

Applying IPsec policies for RIPng ·······························································································································272

Displaying and maintaining RIPng·····························································································································273

RIPng configuration examples·····································································································································273

Configuring RIPng basic functions·····················································································································273

Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··············································································································276

Configuring RIPng IPsec policies ·······················································································································278

OSPFv3 configuration············································································································································· 281

Introduction to OSPFv3················································································································································281

OSPFv3 overview ················································································································································281

OSPFv3 packets···················································································································································281

OSPFv3 LSA types···············································································································································282

Timers of OSPFv3 ················································································································································282

OSPFv3 features supported································································································································283

Protocols and standards ·····································································································································283

OSPFv3 configuration task list····································································································································283

Enabling OSPFv3·························································································································································284

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································284

Enabling OSPFv3 ················································································································································284

Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters ······················································································································285

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································285

Configuring an OSPFv3 stub area ····················································································································285

Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link···················································································································286

Configuring OSPFv3 network types···························································································································286

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································287

Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface ··················································································287

Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor·······································································································287

Configuring OSPFv3 routing information control ·····································································································287

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································287

Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization ·······································································································288

Configuring OSPFv3 inbound route filtering ····································································································288

Configuring an OSPFv3 cost for an interface ··································································································288

Configuring the maximum number of OSPFv3 load-balanced routes ···························································289

Configuring a priority for OSPFv3 ····················································································································289

Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution··········································································································290

Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks ·················································································································290

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································291

Configuring OSPFv3 timers································································································································291

Configuring a DR priority for an interface········································································································292

Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ·················································································································292

Disable interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets···································································292

Enable the logging of neighbor state changes ································································································293

Configuring OSPFv3 GR ·············································································································································293

Configuring GR Restarter····································································································································293

Configuring GR Helper·······································································································································294

Configuring BFD for OSPFv3······································································································································294

Applying IPsec policies for OSPFv3···························································································································295

Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3·························································································································296

OSPFv3 configuration examples ································································································································297

Configuring OSPFv3 areas ································································································································297

Configuring OSPFv3 DR election·······················································································································301

Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution··········································································································303

Configuring OSPFv3 GR ····································································································································306

Configuring BFD for OSPFv3 ·····························································································································308

viii

Configuring OSPFv3 IPsec policies ···················································································································311

Troubleshooting OSPFv3 configuration ·····················································································································314

No OSPFv3 neighbor relationship established································································································314

Incorrect routing information······························································································································315

IPv6 IS-IS configuration··········································································································································· 316

Introduction to IPv6 IS-IS··············································································································································316

Configuring IPv6 IS-IS basic functions························································································································316

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································316

Configuration procedure ····································································································································316

Configuring IPv6 IS-IS routing information control ···································································································317

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································317

Configuration procedure ····································································································································317

Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ····································································································································318

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS·······················································································································319

IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples ······························································································································320

IPv6 IS-IS basic configuration example·············································································································320

Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ···························································································································324

IPv6 BGP configuration··········································································································································· 328

IPv6 BGP overview·······················································································································································328

IPv6 BGP configuration task list··································································································································329

Configuring IPv6 BGP basic functions ·······················································································································330

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································330

Specifying an IPv6 BGP peer·····························································································································330

Injecting a local IPv6 route·································································································································330

Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or peer group····························································331

Specifying the source interface for establishing TCP connections ·································································331

Allowing the establishment of an indirect eBGP connection ··········································································332

Configuring a description for an IPv6 peer or peer group·············································································332

Disabling session establishment to an IPv6 peer or peer group ····································································332

Logging IPv6 peer or peer group state changes······························································································333

Controlling route distribution and reception ·············································································································333

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································333

Configuring IPv6 BGP route redistribution········································································································333

Configuring IPv6 BGP route summarization·····································································································334

Advertising a default route to an IPv6 peer or peer group·············································································334

Configuring outbound route filtering·················································································································334

Configuring inbound route filtering ···················································································································335

Configuring IPv6 BGP and IGP route synchronization····················································································336

Configuring route dampening····························································································································336

Configuring IPv6 BGP route attributes ·······················································································································337

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································337

Configuring IPv6 BGP preference and default LOCAL_PREF and NEXT_HOP attributes ····························337

Configuring the MED attribute ···························································································································338

Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ···················································································································338

Tuning and optimizing IPv6 BGP networks ···············································································································339

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································339

Configuring IPv6 BGP timers······························································································································339

Configuring IPv6 BGP soft reset·························································································································340

Enabling the IPv6 BGP ORF capability ·············································································································341

Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ··········································································································342

Configuring the maximum number of load-balanced routes ··········································································342

Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections ·························································································343

Applying an IPsec policy to an IPv6 BGP peer or peer group·······································································343

ix

Configuring a large-scale IPv6 BGP network············································································································344

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································344

Configuring IPv6 BGP peer group·····················································································································344

Configuring IPv6 BGP community ·····················································································································346

Configuring an IPv6 BGP route reflector···········································································································346

Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP····································································································································347

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 BGP·······················································································································348

Displaying BGP····················································································································································348

Resetting IPv6 BGP connections·························································································································349

Clearing IPv6 BGP information··························································································································349

IPv6 BGP configuration examples ······························································································································349

IPv6 BGP basic configuration example·············································································································349

IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration example ······························································································351

IPv6 BGP IPsec policy configuration example··································································································353

Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP ···························································································································357

Troubleshooting IPv6 BGP configuration ···················································································································362

IPv6 BGP peer relationship not established······································································································362

Routing policy configuration ·································································································································· 363

Introduction to routing policy ······································································································································363

Routing policy application··································································································································363

Routing policy implementation···························································································································363

Filters·····································································································································································363

Routing policy configuration task list··························································································································365

Defining filters·······························································································································································365

Prerequisites ·························································································································································365

Defining an IP-prefix list ······································································································································365

Defining an AS path list······································································································································366

Defining a community list ···································································································································366

Defining an extended community list ················································································································367

Configuring a routing policy·······································································································································367

Prerequisites ·························································································································································367

Creating a routing policy ···································································································································367

Defining if-match clauses ····································································································································368

Defining apply clauses········································································································································369

Defining a continue clause·································································································································371

Displaying and maintaining the routing policy·········································································································371

Routing policy configuration examples······················································································································372

Applying a routing policy to IPv4 route redistribution·····················································································372

Applying a routing policy to IPv6 route redistribution·····················································································375

Applying a routing policy to filter received BGP routes··················································································376

Troubleshooting routing policy configuration············································································································379

IPv4 routing information filtering failure············································································································379

IPv6 routing information filtering failure············································································································379

Policy-based routing configuration ························································································································ 380

Introduction to PBR ·······················································································································································380

PBR modes····························································································································································380

Concepts·······························································································································································381

QoS mode····························································································································································381

Configuring PBR (using a PBR policy) ························································································································382

Defining a policy ·················································································································································382

Configuring local PBR ·········································································································································383

Configuring interface PBR ··································································································································383

PBR and track·······················································································································································384

x

Configuring PBR (using a QoS policy)·······················································································································384

Configuring a QoS policy ··································································································································384

Applying the QoS policy····································································································································384

Displaying and maintaining PBR configuration ········································································································385

PBR configuration (using a PBR policy) ·············································································································385

PBR configuration (using a QoS policy)············································································································386

PBR configuration examples········································································································································387

Configuring local PBR based on packet type···································································································387

Configuring interface PBR based on packet type ····························································································388

IPv4 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ···················································································390

IPv6 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ···················································································391

MCE configuration·················································································································································· 393

MCE overview ······························································································································································393

MPLS L3VPN overview········································································································································393

MPLS L3VPN concepts ········································································································································394

Multi-VPN-instance CE ········································································································································396

How MCE works ·················································································································································397

Configuring routing on an MCE·································································································································397

Route exchange between an MCE and a VPN site·························································································397

Route exchange between an MCE and a PE ···································································································399

Configuring an MCE ···················································································································································399

Configuring VPN instances ································································································································399

Configuring routing on an MCE·································································································································401

Configuration prerequisites ································································································································402

Configuring routing between MCE and VPN site····························································································402

Configuring routing between MCE and PE ······································································································407

Displaying and maintaining MCE······························································································································411

Resetting BGP connections ·································································································································411

Displaying and maintaining MCE ·····················································································································411

MCE configuration examples ·····································································································································413

Using OSPF to advertise VPN routes to the PE·································································································413

Using BGP to advertise VPN routes to the PE···································································································418

IPv6 MCE configuration·········································································································································· 422

Overview·······································································································································································422

Configuring an IPv6 MCE ···········································································································································422

Configuring VPN instances ································································································································422

Configuring routing on an IPv6 MCE ························································································································424

Configuring routing between IPv6 MCE and VPN site ···················································································424

Configuring routing between IPv6 MCE and PE······························································································428

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 MCE······················································································································431

Resetting BGP connections ·································································································································431

Displaying information about IPv6 MCE ··········································································································431

IPv6 MCE configuration examples ·····························································································································432

Using IPv6 ISIS to advertise VPN routes to the PE ···························································································432

Index ········································································································································································ 439

1

IP routing basics

NOTE:

• The term

router

in this document refers to both routers and Layer 3 switches.

• The types of interfaces that appear in any figures other than the network diagrams for configuration

examples are for illustration only. Some of them might be unavailable on your switch.

• The term

interface

in the routing features refers to Layer 3 interfaces, including VLAN interfaces and

route-mode (or Layer 3) Ethernet ports. You can set an Ethernet port to operate in route mode by usin

g

the port link-mode route command (see

Layer 2—LAN Switching Configuration Guide

).

• The S5500-SI Switch Series does not support configuring Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces.

• The S5500-SI Switch Series does not support VPN-related parameters.

• The S5500-SI Switch Series does not support OSPF, BGP, IS-IS, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, or IPv6 IS-IS.

IP routing overview

Upon receiving a packet, a router determines the optimal route based on the destination address and

forwards the packet to the next router in the path. When the packet reaches the last router, it then

forwards the packet to the destination host.

Routing provides the path information that guides the forwarding of packets.

Routes can be divided into the following categories by destination:

• Network route—The destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32 bits.

• Host route—The destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.

Routes can be divided into the following types based on whether the destination is directly connected to

the router:

• Direct routes—The destination is directly connected to the router.

• Indirect routes—The destination is not directly connected to the router.

Routing table

Introduction to routing table

A router selects optimal routes from the routing table, and sends them to the forwarding information base

(FIB) table to guide packet forwarding. Each router maintains a routing table and a FIB table.

Routes in a routing table can be divided into the following categories by origin:

• Direct routes—Routes discovered by data link protocols, also known as “interface routes”

• Static routes—Routes manually configured. Static routes are easy to configure and require less

system resources. They work well in small and stable networks. Static routes cannot adjust to

network changes. You must manually configure the routes again whenever the network topology

changes.

• Dynamic routes—Routes discovered dynamically by routing protocols

2

Each entry in the FIB table specifies a physical interface that packets destined for a certain address

should go out to reach the next hop—the next router—or the directly connected destination.

NOTE:

For more information about the FIB table, see

Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide

.

Routing table information

Display the brief information of a routing table by using the display ip routing-table command.

For example:

<Sysname> display ip routing-table

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 7 Routes : 7

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.1 Vlan11

2.2.2.0/24 Static 60 0 12.2.2.2 Vlan12

80.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 80.1.1.1 Vlan13

…(Part of the output information is omitted)

A route entry includes the following key items:

• Destination—Destination IP address or destination network

• Mask—The network mask specifies, in company with the destination address, the address of the

destination network. A logical AND operation between the destination address and the network

mask yields the address of the destination network. For example, if the destination address is

129.102.8.10 and the mask 255.255.0.0, the address of the destination network is 129.102.0.0. A

network mask is made up of a certain number of consecutive 1s. It can be expressed in dotted

decimal format or by the number of the 1s.

• Pre—Preference of the route. Among routes to the same destination, the one with the highest

preference is optimal.

• Cost—When multiple routes to a destination have the same preference, the one with the smallest

cost becomes the optimal route.

• NextHop—Specifies the IP address of the next hop

• Interface—Specifies the interface through which a matching IP packet is to be forwarded

Dynamic routing protocols

Based on dynamic routing protocols, dynamic routing can detect network topology changes and

recalculate the routes, so it is suitable for large networks. However, dynamic routing is difficult to

configure, imposes higher requirements on the system, and consumes a certain amount of network

resources.

Dynamic routing protocols can be classified based on different criteria, as shown in Table 1:

3

Table 1 Dynamic routing protocols

Criterion Categories

Optional scope

•

Interior gateway protocols (IGPs)—Work within an autonomous system (AS).

Examples include RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS.

• Exterior gateway protocols (EGPs)—Work between ASs. The most popular one is

BGP.

Routing algorithm

•

Distance-vector protocols—RIP and BGP. BGP is also considered a path-vector

protocol.

• Link-state protocols—OSPF and IS-IS

Destination address

type

•

Unicast routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS

• Multicast routing protocols—PIM-SM and PIM-DM

IP version

•

IPv4 routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS

• IPv6 routing protocols—RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and IPv6 IS-IS

NOTE:

• An AS refers to a group of routers sharing the same routing policy and working under the same

administration.

• This chapter focuses on unicast routing protocols. For more information about multicast routing

protocols, see

IP Multicast Configuration Guide

.

Routing preference

Different routing protocols can find different routes to the same destination. However, not all of those

routes are optimal. For route selection, routing protocols, direct routes, and static routes are assigned

different preferences. The route with the highest preference is preferred.

The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can manually configure

preferences for any other route type. Each static route can be configured with a different preference. The

following table lists the types of routes and the default preferences. The smaller the preference value, the

higher the preference.

Routing approach Preference

Direct route

0

OSPF 10

IS-IS 15

Static route 60

RIP 100

OSPF ASE 150

OSPF NSSA 150

iBGP 255

eBGP 255

Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256

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H3C S5500-SI Series Configuration manual

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