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H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI Switch Series
Layer 3 - IP Routing Configuration Guide
Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
http://www.h3c.com
Software version: Release 2210
Document version: 6W100-20110915
Copyright © 2011, Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd. and its licensors
All rights reserved
No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written consent of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks
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Care,
, TOP G, , IRF, NetPilot, Neocean, NeoVTL,
SecPro, SecPoint, SecEngine, SecPath, Comware, Secware, Storware, NQA, VVG, V
2
G, V
n
G, PSPT,
XGbus, N-Bus, TiGem, InnoVision and HUASAN are trademarks of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co.,
Ltd.
All other trademarks that may be mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective owners
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Preface
The H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set includes 10 configuration guides, which describe the
software features for the H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI Switch Series Release 2210, and guide you through
the software configuration procedures. These configuration guides also provide configuration examples
to help you apply software features to different network scenarios.
The Layer 3 – IP Routing Configuration Guide describes routing fundamentals and configuration. It covers
the mainstream routing protocols for IPv4 and IPv6 networks, and describes how to use policies to filter
routes and affect routing decisions.
This preface includes:
• Audience
• New and changed features
• Conventions
• About the S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set
• Obtaining documentation
• Technical support
• Documentation feedback
Audience
This documentation is intended for:
• Network planners
• Field technical support and servicing engineers
• Network administrators working with the S5500-EI & S5500-SI Switch Series
New and changed features
This section describes the new and changed features in software release 2210 over release 2208 for the
S5500-EI and S5500-SI switches.
Feature module New features
IP routing basics
Supporting the vpn-instance vpn-instance-name option for the commands
that display IPv6 routes.
Static routing Permanent static routes
RIP N/A
OSPF (only available on the
S5500-EI)
• Incremental shortest path first (ISPF)
• Enabling the OSPF router to calculate the default routes from other
routers
IS-IS (only available on the
S5500-EI)
Assigning convergence priority to routes
Feature module New features
BGP (only available on the
S5500-EI)
4-byte AS number suppression
IPv6 static routing Support for VPN instances
RIPng S5500-EI only: Support for VPN instances
OSPFv3 (only available on the
S5500-EI)
• Collaboration with BFD
• Support for VPN instances
IPv6 IS-IS (only available on the
S5500-EI)
• Collaboration with BFD
• Support for VPN instances
IPv6 BGP (only available on the
S5500-EI)
• Support for VPN instances
• Collaboration with BFD
• 4-byte AS number suppression
• Naming AS community lists
Routing policy S5500-EI only: Naming AS community lists
Policy-based routing (only
available on the S5500-EI)
N/A
MCE (only available on the
S5500-EI)
N/A
IPv6 MCE (only available on the
S5500-EI)
All IPv6 MCE features
Conventions
This section describes the conventions used in this documentation set.
Command conventions
Convention Description
Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.
Italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.
[ ] Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are optional.
{ x | y | ... }
Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from which
you select one.
[ x | y | ... ]
Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from
which you select one or none.
{ x | y | ... } *
Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select at least one.
[ x | y | ... ] *
Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by vertical
bars, from which you select one choice, multiple choices, or none.
&<1-n>
The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&) sign can
be entered 1 to n times.
# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.
GUI conventions
Convention Description
Boldface
Window names, button names, field names, and menu items are in Boldface. For
example, the New User window appears; click OK.
> Multi-level menus are separated by angle brackets. For example, File > Create > Folder.
Symbols
Convention Description
WARNING
An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed can
result in personal injury.
CAUTION
An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed can
result in data loss, data corruption, or damage to hardware or software.
IMPORTANT
An alert that calls attention to essential information.
NOTE
An alert that contains additional or supplementary information.
TIP
An alert that provides helpful information.
Network topology icons
Represents a generic network device, such as a router, switch, or firewall.
Represents a routing-capable device, such as a router or Layer 3 switch.
Represents a generic switch, such as a Layer 2 or Layer 3 switch, or a router that supports
Layer 2 forwarding and other Layer 2 features.
Port numbering in examples
The port numbers in this document are for illustration only and might be unavailable on your device.
About the S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set
The H3C S5500-EI & S5500-SI documentation set includes:
Documents Purposes
Product description and specifications
Marketing brochures Describe product specifications and benefits.
Technology white papers
Provide an in-depth description of software features and
technologies.
Hardware specifications and installation
Compliance and safety manuals
CE DOCs
Provide regulatory information and the safety instructions that must be
followed during installation.
Quick starts
Guides you through initial installation and setup procedures to help
you quickly set up your device.
Documents Purposes
Installation guides Provides a complete guide to switch installation and specifications.
PSR150-A [ PSR150-D ] Power
Modules User Manual
Describe the specifications, installation, and replacement of hot
swappable 150W power modules.
RPS Ordering Information for H3C
Low-End Ethernet Switches
Helps you order RPSs for switches that can work with an RPS.
User manuals for RPSs Describe the specifications, installation, and replacement of RPSs.
User manuals for interface cards
Describe the specifications, installation, and replacement of
expansion interface cards.
H3C Low End Series Ethernet Switches
Pluggable Modules Manual
Describes the specifications of pluggable transceiver modules.
Pluggable SFP[SFP+][XFP] Transceiver
Modules Installation Guide
Describe the installation, and replacement of SFP/SFP+/XFP
transceiver modules.
Software configuration
Configuration guides Describe software features and configuration procedures.
Command references Provide a quick reference to all available commands.
Operations and maintenance
H3C Series Ethernet Switches Login
Password Recovery Manual
Helps you deal with switch login password loss.
Release notes
Provide information about the product release, including the version
history, hardware and software compatibility matrix, version
upgrade information, technical support information, and software
upgrading.
Obtaining documentation
You can access the most up-to-date H3C product documentation on the World Wide Web at
http://www.h3c.com
.
Click the links on the top navigation bar to obtain different categories of product documentation:
[Technical Support & Documents > Technical Documents]
– Provides hardware installation, software
upgrading, and software feature configuration and maintenance documentation.
[Products & Solutions]
– Provides information about products and technologies, as well as solutions.
[Technical Support & Documents > Software Download]
– Provides the documentation released with the
software version.
Technical support
http://www.h3c.com
Documentation feedback
You can e-mail your comments about product documentation to inf[email protected].
We appreciate your comments.
i
Contents
IP routing basics ··························································································································································· 1
IP routing overview ···························································································································································1
Routing table·····························································································································································1
Dynamic routing protocols ······································································································································2
Routing preference ···················································································································································3
Load sharing ·····························································································································································4
Route backup ····························································································································································4
Route recursion ·························································································································································4
Route redistribution···················································································································································4
Displaying and maintaining a routing table ··················································································································4
Static routing configuration ········································································································································· 7
Introduction ········································································································································································7
Static route ································································································································································7
Default route······························································································································································7
Static route configuration items·······························································································································7
Configuring a static route·················································································································································8
Configuration prerequisites ·····································································································································8
Configuration procedure ·········································································································································8
Configuring BFD for static routes·····································································································································9
BFD control packet mode ········································································································································9
BFD echo packet mode········································································································································· 10
Configuring static route FRR·········································································································································· 10
Displaying and maintaining static routes ···················································································································· 11
Static route configuration examples····························································································································· 12
Basic static route configuration example ············································································································ 12
Static route FRR configuration example ·············································································································· 14
BFD for static routes configuration example (direct session) ············································································ 16
BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect session) ········································································· 18
RIP configuration ························································································································································21
RIP overview ··································································································································································· 21
RIP working mechanism ········································································································································ 21
Operation of RIP···················································································································································· 22
RIP version······························································································································································ 22
RIP message format ··············································································································································· 23
Supported RIP features·········································································································································· 24
Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 25
RIP configuration task list··············································································································································· 25
Configuring RIP basic functions ···································································································································· 26
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 26
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 26
Configuring RIP route control········································································································································ 28
Configuring an additional routing metric ··········································································································· 28
Configuring RIPv2 route summarization·············································································································· 28
Disabling host route reception ····························································································································· 29
Advertising a default route ··································································································································· 30
Configuring inbound or outbound route filtering······························································································· 30
Configuring a priority for RIP ······························································································································· 31
Configuring RIP route redistribution····················································································································· 31
ii
Tuning and optimizing RIP networks ···························································································································· 32
Configuring RIP timers··········································································································································· 32
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse···································································································· 32
Configuring the maximum number of load balanced routes············································································ 33
Enabling zero field check on incoming RIPv1 messages ·················································································· 33
Enabling source IP address check on incoming RIP updates············································································ 34
Configuring RIPv2 message authentication ········································································································ 34
Specifying a RIP neighbor ···································································································································· 35
Configuring RIP-to-MIB binding···························································································································· 35
Configuring the RIP packet sending rate ············································································································ 35
Configuring RIP FRR ······················································································································································· 36
Configuring BFD for RIP················································································································································· 37
Single-hop detection in BFD echo packet mode ································································································ 37
Bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode·························································································· 37
Displaying and maintaining RIP ··································································································································· 38
RIP configuration examples··········································································································································· 38
Configuring RIP version ········································································································································ 38
Configuring RIP route redistribution····················································································································· 40
Configuring an additional metric for a RIP interface························································································· 42
Configuring RIP to advertise a summary route··································································································· 44
RIP FRR configuration example ···························································································································· 46
Configuring BFD for RIP (single-hop detection in BFD echo packet mode) ····················································· 48
Configuring BFD for RIP (bidirectional detection in BFD control packet mode)·············································· 51
Troubleshooting RIP························································································································································ 54
No RIP updates received ······································································································································ 54
Route oscillation occurred ···································································································································· 54
OSPF configuration····················································································································································56
Introduction to OSPF ······················································································································································ 56
Basic concepts ······················································································································································· 56
Area based OSPF network partition ··················································································································· 58
Router types···························································································································································· 61
Classification of OSPF networks ·························································································································· 62
DR and BDR ··························································································································································· 63
OSPF packet formats············································································································································· 64
Supported features ················································································································································ 72
Protocols and standards ······································································································································· 73
OSPF configuration task list ·········································································································································· 73
Enabling OSPF ······························································································································································· 74
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 74
Configuration procedure ······································································································································ 75
Configuring OSPF areas ··············································································································································· 76
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 76
Configuring a stub area ······································································································································· 76
Configuring an NSSA area·································································································································· 77
Configuring a virtual link······································································································································ 77
Configuring OSPF network types ································································································································· 78
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 78
Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as broadcast ································································· 79
Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as NBMA ······································································ 79
Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as P2MP ········································································ 80
Configuring the OSPF network type for an interface as P2P············································································ 80
Configuring OSPF route control ··································································································································· 81
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 81
Configuring OSPF route summarization ············································································································· 81
iii
Configuring OSPF inbound route filtering ·········································································································· 82
Configuring ABR Type-3 LSA filtering ················································································································· 83
Configuring an OSPF cost for an interface ········································································································ 83
Configuring the maximum number of OSPF routes ··························································································· 84
Configuring the maximum number of load-balanced routes ············································································ 84
Configuring OSPF preference······························································································································ 84
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ················································································································ 85
Advertising a host route········································································································································ 86
Tuning and optimizing OSPF networks························································································································ 86
Configuration prerequisites ·································································································································· 87
Configuring OSPF packet timers·························································································································· 87
Specifying LSA transmission delay ······················································································································ 88
Specifying SPF calculation interval······················································································································ 88
Specifying the LSA arrival interval······················································································································· 88
Specifying the LSA generation interval ··············································································································· 89
Disabling interfaces from receiving and sending OSPF packets······································································ 89
Configuring stub routers ······································································································································· 90
Configuring OSPF authentication ························································································································ 90
Adding the interface MTU into DD packets········································································································ 91
Configuring the maximum number of external LSAs in LSDB ··········································································· 91
Enabling compatibility with RFC 1583··············································································································· 91
Logging neighbor state changes·························································································································· 92
Configuring OSPF network management ··········································································································· 92
Enabling message logging··································································································································· 93
Enabling the advertisement and reception of opaque LSAs ············································································· 93
Configuring OSPF to give priority to receiving and processing hello packets ··············································· 93
Configuring the LSU transmit rate························································································································ 94
Enabling OSPF ISPF ·············································································································································· 94
Configuring OSPF FRR··················································································································································· 94
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart······························································································································ 96
Configuring the OSPF GR Restarter····················································································································· 96
Configuring the OSPF GR Helper························································································································ 97
Triggering OSPF Graceful Restart························································································································ 98
Configuring BFD for OSPF ············································································································································ 98
Configuring control packet bidirectional detection ··························································································· 98
Configuring echo packet single-hop detection··································································································· 98
Displaying and maintaining OSPF······························································································································· 99
OSPF configuration examples ····································································································································100
Configuring OSPF basic functions·····················································································································100
Configuring OSPF route redistribution ··············································································································103
Configuring OSPF to advertise a summary route·····························································································105
Configuring an OSPF stub area·························································································································107
Configuring an OSPF NSSA area·····················································································································110
Configuring OSPF DR election···························································································································112
Configuring OSPF virtual links ···························································································································116
Configuring OSPF Graceful Restart···················································································································118
Configuring route filtering ··································································································································120
Configuring OSPF FRR········································································································································123
Configuring BFD for OSPF ·································································································································125
Troubleshooting OSPF configuration ·························································································································129
No OSPF neighbor relationship established ····································································································129
Incorrect routing information······························································································································129
IS-IS configuration ··················································································································································· 131
IS-IS overview ·······························································································································································131
iv
Basic concepts ·····················································································································································131
IS-IS area ······························································································································································133
IS-IS network type ················································································································································135
IS-IS PDU format···················································································································································136
Supported IS-IS features······································································································································142
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································144
IS-IS configuration task list···········································································································································144
Configuring IS-IS basic functions································································································································145
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································145
Enabling IS-IS·······················································································································································146
Configuring the IS level and circuit level ··········································································································146
Configuring the network type of an interface as P2P······················································································147
Configuring IS-IS routing information control············································································································147
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································147
Configuring IS-IS link cost···································································································································147
Specifying a priority for IS-IS ·····························································································································149
Configuring the maximum number of equal cost routes··················································································149
Configuring IS-IS route summarization··············································································································149
Advertising a default route ·································································································································150
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································150
Configuring IS-IS route filtering··························································································································151
Configuring IS-IS route leaking ··························································································································152
Tuning and optimizing IS-IS networks························································································································152
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································152
Specifying intervals for sending IS-IS hello and CSNP packets ·····································································152
Specifying the IS-IS hello multiplier····················································································································153
Configuring a DIS priority for an interface·······································································································153
Disabling an interface from sending or receiving IS-IS packets ·····································································154
Enabling an interface to send small hello packets···························································································154
Configuring LSP parameters·······························································································································154
Configuring SPF parameters ······························································································································157
Assigning a high priority to IS-IS routes············································································································157
Setting the LSDB overload bit·····························································································································157
Configuring system ID to host name mappings································································································158
Enabling the logging of neighbor state changes·····························································································159
Enhancing IS-IS network security ································································································································159
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································159
Configuring neighbor relationship authentication ···························································································159
Configuring area authentication························································································································160
Configuring routing domain authentication······································································································160
Configuring IS-IS GR····················································································································································161
Configuring IS-IS NSR··················································································································································161
Configuring IS-IS FRR ···················································································································································162
Enabling IS-IS SNMP trap ···········································································································································163
Binding an IS-IS process with MIBs ····························································································································163
Configuring BFD for IS-IS·············································································································································164
Displaying and maintaining IS-IS ·······························································································································164
IS-IS configuration examples·······································································································································165
IS-IS basic configuration ·····································································································································165
DIS election configuration ··································································································································170
Configuring IS-IS route redistribution ················································································································174
IS-IS Graceful Restart configuration example ···································································································177
IS-IS NSR configuration example·······················································································································179
IS-IS FRR configuration example ························································································································181
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IS-IS authentication configuration example·······································································································184
Configuring BFD for IS-IS····································································································································186
BGP configuration··················································································································································· 190
BGP overview ·······························································································································································190
Formats of BGP messages ··································································································································190
BGP path attributes ·············································································································································193
BGP route selection ·············································································································································197
iBGP and IGP synchronization ··························································································································199
Settlements for problems in large scale BGP networks ···················································································199
BGP GR ································································································································································202
MP-BGP·································································································································································203
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································203
BGP configuration task list ··········································································································································204
Configuring BGP basic functions································································································································205
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································205
Creating a BGP connection································································································································205
Specifying the source interface for TCP connections·······················································································206
Allowing establishment of eBGP connection to an indirectly connected peer or peer group·····················207
Controlling route generation·······································································································································207
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································207
Injecting a local network ····································································································································208
Configuring BGP route redistribution ················································································································208
Enabling default route redistribution into BGP ·································································································208
Controlling route distribution and reception ·············································································································209
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································209
Configuring BGP route summarization ·············································································································209
Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group ·······················································································210
Configuring BGP route distribution/reception filtering policies ·····································································210
Enabling BGP and IGP route synchronization ·································································································211
Limiting prefixes received from a peer or peer group·····················································································212
Configuring BGP route dampening···················································································································212
Configuring a shortcut route·······························································································································213
Configuring BGP route attributes································································································································213
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································213
Specifying a preferred value for routes received·····························································································213
Configuring preferences for BGP routes ···········································································································214
Configure the default local preference ·············································································································214
Configuring the MED attribute ···························································································································214
Configuring the next hop attribute·····················································································································216
Configuring the AS-PATH attribute ····················································································································217
Tuning and optimizing BGP networks························································································································220
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································220
Configuring the BGP keepalive interval and holdtime ····················································································220
Configuring the interval for sending the same update ····················································································221
Configuring BGP soft-reset··································································································································221
Enabling the BGP ORF capability······················································································································222
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ··········································································································223
Enabling quick eBGP session reestablishment ·································································································224
Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections ·························································································224
Configuring BGP load balancing ······················································································································224
Forbiding session establishment with a peer or peer group···········································································225
Configuring a large scale BGP network····················································································································225
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································225
Configuring BGP peer groups ···························································································································225
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Configuring BGP community······························································································································227
Configuring a BGP route reflector·····················································································································228
Configuring a BGP confederation ·····················································································································228
Configuring BGP GR ···················································································································································229
Enabling trap································································································································································230
Enabling logging of peer state changes····················································································································230
Configuring BFD for BGP ············································································································································231
Displaying and maintaining BGP·······························································································································231
Displaying BGP····················································································································································231
Resetting BGP connections ·································································································································232
Clearing BGP information ··································································································································233
BGP configuration examples·······································································································································233
BGP basic configuration·····································································································································233
BGP and IGP synchronization configuration····································································································237
BGP load balancing configuration····················································································································240
BGP community configuration····························································································································242
BGP route reflector configuration ······················································································································244
BGP confederation configuration ······················································································································246
BGP path selection configuration ······················································································································250
BGP GR configuration·········································································································································253
Configuring BFD for BGP ···································································································································254
Troubleshooting BGP ···················································································································································259
BGP peer relationship not established ··············································································································259
IPv6 static routing configuration····························································································································· 260
Introduction to IPv6 static routing ·······························································································································260
Features of IPv6 static routes ······························································································································260
Default IPv6 route ················································································································································260
Configuring an IPv6 static route ·································································································································260
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································260
Configuration procedure ····································································································································260
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 static routes··········································································································261
IPv6 static routing configuration example ·················································································································261
RIPng configuration················································································································································· 264
Introduction to RIPng ····················································································································································264
RIPng working mechanism··································································································································264
RIPng packet format ············································································································································265
RIPng packet processing procedure ··················································································································266
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································266
RIPng configuration task list ········································································································································266
Configuring RIPng basic functions······························································································································267
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································267
Configuration procedure ····································································································································267
Configuring RIPng route control ·································································································································267
Configuring an additional routing metric ·········································································································268
Configuring RIPng route summarization ···········································································································268
Advertising a default route ·································································································································268
Configuring a RIPng route filtering policy·········································································································269
Configuring a priority for RIPng·························································································································269
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··············································································································269
Tuning and optimizing the RIPng network·················································································································270
Configuring RIPng timers ····································································································································270
Configuring split horizon and poison reverse··································································································270
Configuring zero field check on RIPng packets ·······························································································271
vii
Configuring the maximum number of equal cost routes for load balancing ················································271
Applying IPsec policies for RIPng ·······························································································································272
Displaying and maintaining RIPng·····························································································································273
RIPng configuration examples·····································································································································273
Configuring RIPng basic functions·····················································································································273
Configuring RIPng route redistribution ··············································································································276
Configuring RIPng IPsec policies ·······················································································································278
OSPFv3 configuration············································································································································· 281
Introduction to OSPFv3················································································································································281
OSPFv3 overview ················································································································································281
OSPFv3 packets···················································································································································281
OSPFv3 LSA types···············································································································································282
Timers of OSPFv3 ················································································································································282
OSPFv3 features supported································································································································283
Protocols and standards ·····································································································································283
OSPFv3 configuration task list····································································································································283
Enabling OSPFv3·························································································································································284
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································284
Enabling OSPFv3 ················································································································································284
Configuring OSPFv3 area parameters ······················································································································285
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································285
Configuring an OSPFv3 stub area ····················································································································285
Configuring an OSPFv3 virtual link···················································································································286
Configuring OSPFv3 network types···························································································································286
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································287
Configuring the OSPFv3 network type for an interface ··················································································287
Configuring an NBMA or P2MP neighbor·······································································································287
Configuring OSPFv3 routing information control ·····································································································287
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································287
Configuring OSPFv3 route summarization ·······································································································288
Configuring OSPFv3 inbound route filtering ····································································································288
Configuring an OSPFv3 cost for an interface ··································································································288
Configuring the maximum number of OSPFv3 load-balanced routes ···························································289
Configuring a priority for OSPFv3 ····················································································································289
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution··········································································································290
Tuning and optimizing OSPFv3 networks ·················································································································290
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································291
Configuring OSPFv3 timers································································································································291
Configuring a DR priority for an interface········································································································292
Ignoring MTU check for DD packets ·················································································································292
Disable interfaces from receiving and sending OSPFv3 packets···································································292
Enable the logging of neighbor state changes ································································································293
Configuring OSPFv3 GR ·············································································································································293
Configuring GR Restarter····································································································································293
Configuring GR Helper·······································································································································294
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3······································································································································294
Applying IPsec policies for OSPFv3···························································································································295
Displaying and maintaining OSPFv3·························································································································296
OSPFv3 configuration examples ································································································································297
Configuring OSPFv3 areas ································································································································297
Configuring OSPFv3 DR election·······················································································································301
Configuring OSPFv3 route redistribution··········································································································303
Configuring OSPFv3 GR ····································································································································306
Configuring BFD for OSPFv3 ·····························································································································308
viii
Configuring OSPFv3 IPsec policies ···················································································································311
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 configuration ·····················································································································314
No OSPFv3 neighbor relationship established································································································314
Incorrect routing information······························································································································315
IPv6 IS-IS configuration··········································································································································· 316
Introduction to IPv6 IS-IS··············································································································································316
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS basic functions························································································································316
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································316
Configuration procedure ····································································································································316
Configuring IPv6 IS-IS routing information control ···································································································317
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································317
Configuration procedure ····································································································································317
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ····································································································································318
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 IS-IS·······················································································································319
IPv6 IS-IS configuration examples ······························································································································320
IPv6 IS-IS basic configuration example·············································································································320
Configuring BFD for IPv6 IS-IS ···························································································································324
IPv6 BGP configuration··········································································································································· 328
IPv6 BGP overview·······················································································································································328
IPv6 BGP configuration task list··································································································································329
Configuring IPv6 BGP basic functions ·······················································································································330
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································330
Specifying an IPv6 BGP peer·····························································································································330
Injecting a local IPv6 route·································································································································330
Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or peer group····························································331
Specifying the source interface for establishing TCP connections ·································································331
Allowing the establishment of an indirect eBGP connection ··········································································332
Configuring a description for an IPv6 peer or peer group·············································································332
Disabling session establishment to an IPv6 peer or peer group ····································································332
Logging IPv6 peer or peer group state changes······························································································333
Controlling route distribution and reception ·············································································································333
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································333
Configuring IPv6 BGP route redistribution········································································································333
Configuring IPv6 BGP route summarization·····································································································334
Advertising a default route to an IPv6 peer or peer group·············································································334
Configuring outbound route filtering·················································································································334
Configuring inbound route filtering ···················································································································335
Configuring IPv6 BGP and IGP route synchronization····················································································336
Configuring route dampening····························································································································336
Configuring IPv6 BGP route attributes ·······················································································································337
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································337
Configuring IPv6 BGP preference and default LOCAL_PREF and NEXT_HOP attributes ····························337
Configuring the MED attribute ···························································································································338
Configuring the AS_PATH attribute ···················································································································338
Tuning and optimizing IPv6 BGP networks ···············································································································339
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································339
Configuring IPv6 BGP timers······························································································································339
Configuring IPv6 BGP soft reset·························································································································340
Enabling the IPv6 BGP ORF capability ·············································································································341
Enabling 4-byte AS number suppression ··········································································································342
Configuring the maximum number of load-balanced routes ··········································································342
Enabling MD5 authentication for TCP connections ·························································································343
Applying an IPsec policy to an IPv6 BGP peer or peer group·······································································343
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Configuring a large-scale IPv6 BGP network············································································································344
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································344
Configuring IPv6 BGP peer group·····················································································································344
Configuring IPv6 BGP community ·····················································································································346
Configuring an IPv6 BGP route reflector···········································································································346
Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP····································································································································347
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 BGP·······················································································································348
Displaying BGP····················································································································································348
Resetting IPv6 BGP connections·························································································································349
Clearing IPv6 BGP information··························································································································349
IPv6 BGP configuration examples ······························································································································349
IPv6 BGP basic configuration example·············································································································349
IPv6 BGP route reflector configuration example ······························································································351
IPv6 BGP IPsec policy configuration example··································································································353
Configuring BFD for IPv6 BGP ···························································································································357
Troubleshooting IPv6 BGP configuration ···················································································································362
IPv6 BGP peer relationship not established······································································································362
Routing policy configuration ·································································································································· 363
Introduction to routing policy ······································································································································363
Routing policy application··································································································································363
Routing policy implementation···························································································································363
Filters·····································································································································································363
Routing policy configuration task list··························································································································365
Defining filters·······························································································································································365
Prerequisites ·························································································································································365
Defining an IP-prefix list ······································································································································365
Defining an AS path list······································································································································366
Defining a community list ···································································································································366
Defining an extended community list ················································································································367
Configuring a routing policy·······································································································································367
Prerequisites ·························································································································································367
Creating a routing policy ···································································································································367
Defining if-match clauses ····································································································································368
Defining apply clauses········································································································································369
Defining a continue clause·································································································································371
Displaying and maintaining the routing policy·········································································································371
Routing policy configuration examples······················································································································372
Applying a routing policy to IPv4 route redistribution·····················································································372
Applying a routing policy to IPv6 route redistribution·····················································································375
Applying a routing policy to filter received BGP routes··················································································376
Troubleshooting routing policy configuration············································································································379
IPv4 routing information filtering failure············································································································379
IPv6 routing information filtering failure············································································································379
Policy-based routing configuration ························································································································ 380
Introduction to PBR ·······················································································································································380
PBR modes····························································································································································380
Concepts·······························································································································································381
QoS mode····························································································································································381
Configuring PBR (using a PBR policy) ························································································································382
Defining a policy ·················································································································································382
Configuring local PBR ·········································································································································383
Configuring interface PBR ··································································································································383
PBR and track·······················································································································································384
x
Configuring PBR (using a QoS policy)·······················································································································384
Configuring a QoS policy ··································································································································384
Applying the QoS policy····································································································································384
Displaying and maintaining PBR configuration ········································································································385
PBR configuration (using a PBR policy) ·············································································································385
PBR configuration (using a QoS policy)············································································································386
PBR configuration examples········································································································································387
Configuring local PBR based on packet type···································································································387
Configuring interface PBR based on packet type ····························································································388
IPv4 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ···················································································390
IPv6 PBR configuration example (using a QoS policy) ···················································································391
MCE configuration·················································································································································· 393
MCE overview ······························································································································································393
MPLS L3VPN overview········································································································································393
MPLS L3VPN concepts ········································································································································394
Multi-VPN-instance CE ········································································································································396
How MCE works ·················································································································································397
Configuring routing on an MCE·································································································································397
Route exchange between an MCE and a VPN site·························································································397
Route exchange between an MCE and a PE ···································································································399
Configuring an MCE ···················································································································································399
Configuring VPN instances ································································································································399
Configuring routing on an MCE·································································································································401
Configuration prerequisites ································································································································402
Configuring routing between MCE and VPN site····························································································402
Configuring routing between MCE and PE ······································································································407
Displaying and maintaining MCE······························································································································411
Resetting BGP connections ·································································································································411
Displaying and maintaining MCE ·····················································································································411
MCE configuration examples ·····································································································································413
Using OSPF to advertise VPN routes to the PE·································································································413
Using BGP to advertise VPN routes to the PE···································································································418
IPv6 MCE configuration·········································································································································· 422
Overview·······································································································································································422
Configuring an IPv6 MCE ···········································································································································422
Configuring VPN instances ································································································································422
Configuring routing on an IPv6 MCE ························································································································424
Configuring routing between IPv6 MCE and VPN site ···················································································424
Configuring routing between IPv6 MCE and PE······························································································428
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 MCE······················································································································431
Resetting BGP connections ·································································································································431
Displaying information about IPv6 MCE ··········································································································431
IPv6 MCE configuration examples ·····························································································································432
Using IPv6 ISIS to advertise VPN routes to the PE ···························································································432
Index ········································································································································································ 439
1
IP routing basics
NOTE:
• The term
router
in this document refers to both routers and Layer 3 switches.
• The types of interfaces that appear in any figures other than the network diagrams for configuration
examples are for illustration only. Some of them might be unavailable on your switch.
• The term
interface
in the routing features refers to Layer 3 interfaces, including VLAN interfaces and
route-mode (or Layer 3) Ethernet ports. You can set an Ethernet port to operate in route mode by usin
g
the port link-mode route command (see
Layer 2—LAN Switching Configuration Guide
).
• The S5500-SI Switch Series does not support configuring Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces.
• The S5500-SI Switch Series does not support VPN-related parameters.
• The S5500-SI Switch Series does not support OSPF, BGP, IS-IS, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, or IPv6 IS-IS.
IP routing overview
Upon receiving a packet, a router determines the optimal route based on the destination address and
forwards the packet to the next router in the path. When the packet reaches the last router, it then
forwards the packet to the destination host.
Routing provides the path information that guides the forwarding of packets.
Routes can be divided into the following categories by destination:
• Network route—The destination is a network. The subnet mask is less than 32 bits.
• Host route—The destination is a host. The subnet mask is 32 bits.
Routes can be divided into the following types based on whether the destination is directly connected to
the router:
• Direct routes—The destination is directly connected to the router.
• Indirect routes—The destination is not directly connected to the router.
Routing table
Introduction to routing table
A router selects optimal routes from the routing table, and sends them to the forwarding information base
(FIB) table to guide packet forwarding. Each router maintains a routing table and a FIB table.
Routes in a routing table can be divided into the following categories by origin:
• Direct routes—Routes discovered by data link protocols, also known as “interface routes”
• Static routes—Routes manually configured. Static routes are easy to configure and require less
system resources. They work well in small and stable networks. Static routes cannot adjust to
network changes. You must manually configure the routes again whenever the network topology
changes.
• Dynamic routes—Routes discovered dynamically by routing protocols
2
Each entry in the FIB table specifies a physical interface that packets destined for a certain address
should go out to reach the next hop—the next router—or the directly connected destination.
NOTE:
For more information about the FIB table, see
Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide
.
Routing table information
Display the brief information of a routing table by using the display ip routing-table command.
For example:
<Sysname> display ip routing-table
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.1 Vlan11
2.2.2.0/24 Static 60 0 12.2.2.2 Vlan12
80.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 80.1.1.1 Vlan13
…(Part of the output information is omitted)
A route entry includes the following key items:
• Destination—Destination IP address or destination network
• Mask—The network mask specifies, in company with the destination address, the address of the
destination network. A logical AND operation between the destination address and the network
mask yields the address of the destination network. For example, if the destination address is
129.102.8.10 and the mask 255.255.0.0, the address of the destination network is 129.102.0.0. A
network mask is made up of a certain number of consecutive 1s. It can be expressed in dotted
decimal format or by the number of the 1s.
• Pre—Preference of the route. Among routes to the same destination, the one with the highest
preference is optimal.
• Cost—When multiple routes to a destination have the same preference, the one with the smallest
cost becomes the optimal route.
• NextHop—Specifies the IP address of the next hop
• Interface—Specifies the interface through which a matching IP packet is to be forwarded
Dynamic routing protocols
Based on dynamic routing protocols, dynamic routing can detect network topology changes and
recalculate the routes, so it is suitable for large networks. However, dynamic routing is difficult to
configure, imposes higher requirements on the system, and consumes a certain amount of network
resources.
Dynamic routing protocols can be classified based on different criteria, as shown in Table 1:
3
Table 1 Dynamic routing protocols
Criterion Categories
Optional scope
•
Interior gateway protocols (IGPs)—Work within an autonomous system (AS).
Examples include RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS.
• Exterior gateway protocols (EGPs)—Work between ASs. The most popular one is
BGP.
Routing algorithm
•
Distance-vector protocols—RIP and BGP. BGP is also considered a path-vector
protocol.
• Link-state protocols—OSPF and IS-IS
Destination address
type
•
Unicast routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS
• Multicast routing protocols—PIM-SM and PIM-DM
IP version
•
IPv4 routing protocols—RIP, OSPF, BGP, and IS-IS
• IPv6 routing protocols—RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 BGP, and IPv6 IS-IS
NOTE:
• An AS refers to a group of routers sharing the same routing policy and working under the same
administration.
• This chapter focuses on unicast routing protocols. For more information about multicast routing
protocols, see
IP Multicast Configuration Guide
.
Routing preference
Different routing protocols can find different routes to the same destination. However, not all of those
routes are optimal. For route selection, routing protocols, direct routes, and static routes are assigned
different preferences. The route with the highest preference is preferred.
The preference of a direct route is always 0 and cannot be changed. You can manually configure
preferences for any other route type. Each static route can be configured with a different preference. The
following table lists the types of routes and the default preferences. The smaller the preference value, the
higher the preference.
Routing approach Preference
Direct route
0
OSPF 10
IS-IS 15
Static route 60
RIP 100
OSPF ASE 150
OSPF NSSA 150
iBGP 255
eBGP 255
Unknown (route from an untrusted source) 256
/