Rohde&Schwarz SMW200A User manual

Type
User manual
Satellite Navigation
R&S®SMW-K44/-K66/-K94/-K97/-
K98/-K106/-K107/-K108/-K109/-
K122/-K123/-K128/-K132/-K134/-
K135/-K136/-K137/-K138/-K139
User Manual
1178637902
Version 16
(;ÜÍÝ2)
This document describes the following options:
R&S®SMW-B9F Wideband Baseband High Signal Dynamics (1434.7808.xx)
R&S®SMW-K44 GPS (1413.3832.xx)
R&S®SMW-K66 Galileo (1413.3839.xx)
R&S®SMW-K94 GLONASS (1414.1485.xx)
R&S®SMW-K97 NavIC (1414.6258.xx)
R&S®SMW-K98 Modernized GPS (1414.1533.xx)
R&S®SMW-K106 SBAS/QZSS (1414.2923.xx)
R&S®SMW-K107 BeiDou (1414.1585.xx)
R&S®SMW-K108 Real world simulation (1414.2975.xx)
R&S®SMW-K109 Real-time interfaces (HIL) (1414.3013.xx)
R&S®SMW-K122 Real-time kinematics virtual reference station (1414.6993.xx)
R&S®SMW-K128 P(Y)-/M-/PRS-Noise (1413.3361.xx)
R&S®SMW-K123 Modernized GLONASS (1413.3310.xx)
R&S®SMW-K132 Modernized BeiDou (1414.6606.xx)
R&S®SMW-K134 Upgrade to dual-frequency (1414.6770.xx)
R&S®SMW-K135 Upgrade to triple-frequency (1414.6793.xx)
R&S®SMW-K136 Add 6 GNSS channels (1414.6812.xx)
R&S®SMW-K137 Add 12 GNSS channels (1414.6835.xx)
R&S®SMW-K138 Add 24 GNSS channels (1414.6858.xx)
R&S®SMW-K139 Add 48 GNSS channels (1414.6935.xx)
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.30.047.xx and later of the R&S®SMW200A.
© 2023 Rohde & Schwarz
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.
1178.6379.02 | Version 16 | Satellite Navigation
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®SMW200A is abbreviated as R&S SMW, R&S®WinIQSIM2TM is
abbreviated as R&S WinIQSIM2; the license types 02/03/07/11/12/13/16 are abbreviated as xx.
ContentsSatellite Navigation
3User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
Contents
1 Welcome to the GNSS options............................................................11
1.1 Key features.................................................................................................................11
1.2 Accessing the GNSS dialog....................................................................................... 13
1.3 What's new...................................................................................................................13
1.4 Documentation overview............................................................................................13
1.4.1 Getting started manual..................................................................................................13
1.4.2 User manuals and help................................................................................................. 14
1.4.3 Tutorials.........................................................................................................................14
1.4.4 Service manual............................................................................................................. 14
1.4.5 Instrument security procedures.....................................................................................14
1.4.6 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................. 14
1.4.7 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................... 15
1.4.8 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 15
1.4.9 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.................................................15
1.4.10 Videos........................................................................................................................... 15
1.5 Scope........................................................................................................................... 16
1.6 Notes on screenshots.................................................................................................16
2 About the GNSS options..................................................................... 17
2.1 Required options.........................................................................................................17
2.2 GNSS overview............................................................................................................19
2.3 SBAS overview............................................................................................................24
2.4 GNSS components overview..................................................................................... 24
2.5 How are the GNSS components simulated?............................................................ 26
3 Getting started......................................................................................28
3.1 Trying out the GNSS simulator.................................................................................. 28
3.2 General settings.......................................................................................................... 32
3.3 Simulation monitor..................................................................................................... 36
4 Simulation time.................................................................................... 45
4.1 Time settings............................................................................................................... 45
5 Receiver type and position................................................................. 51
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5.1 General receiver settings........................................................................................... 51
5.2 Static receiver..............................................................................................................53
5.3 Moving receiver...........................................................................................................58
5.3.1 Defining a moving receiver............................................................................................58
5.3.2 Receiver position settings............................................................................................. 61
6 Satellite constellation.......................................................................... 66
6.1 Systems and signals settings....................................................................................67
6.2 Satellites settings........................................................................................................71
6.3 Space vehicle selection configuration......................................................................75
7 Space vehicle configuration............................................................... 80
7.1 Power settings.............................................................................................................81
7.2 Modulation control settings....................................................................................... 86
7.3 Simulated orbit and orbit perturbation settings.......................................................91
7.4 Simulated clock settings.......................................................................................... 100
8 Real-world environment.................................................................... 104
8.1 Spinning and attitude simulation............................................................................ 105
8.2 Antenna pattern and body mask............................................................................. 106
8.3 Supported environment models.............................................................................. 108
8.4 Supported multipath models....................................................................................111
8.5 Simulating real-world effects................................................................................... 112
8.5.1 Simulating antenna patterns and body masks.............................................................112
8.5.2 Creating multipath environment scenarios..................................................................120
8.5.3 Creating obscured environment scenarios..................................................................122
8.6 Antenna and body mask settings............................................................................123
8.6.1 Antenna configuration settings....................................................................................124
8.6.2 Edit body mask and antenna pattern settings............................................................. 127
8.7 Environment configuration settings....................................................................... 130
8.7.1 Environment model and configuration.........................................................................131
8.7.2 Vertical obstacles........................................................................................................ 132
8.7.3 Roadside planes......................................................................................................... 136
8.7.4 Full obscuration...........................................................................................................140
8.7.5 Ground/sea reflection..................................................................................................144
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8.7.6 Static multipath............................................................................................................146
9 Real-time kinematics......................................................................... 150
9.1 Required options.......................................................................................................151
9.2 RTK configuration.....................................................................................................152
9.3 RTK protocol configuration......................................................................................153
9.4 RTK position configuration......................................................................................154
9.5 RTK antenna configuration...................................................................................... 158
10 Generating Galileo OSNMA signals................................................. 162
10.1 About OSNMA........................................................................................................... 162
10.2 Generating Galileo OSNMA test vector signals..................................................... 164
10.2.1 Test setup....................................................................................................................164
10.2.2 Configuring the R&S SMW..........................................................................................165
10.2.3 Configuring the GNSS receiver...................................................................................166
10.3 OSNMA configuration and settings.........................................................................168
11 Tracking mode....................................................................................170
11.1 Signal dynamics settings......................................................................................... 170
11.2 Related settings........................................................................................................ 174
12 Perturbations and errors simulation................................................ 175
12.1 About noise and CW interferer................................................................................ 175
12.2 Noise and CW interferer settings............................................................................ 175
12.3 About error sources..................................................................................................181
12.3.1 About the atmospheric effects.....................................................................................182
12.3.2 About orbit and orbit perturbation parameters and errors........................................... 183
12.3.3 About clock and time conversion parameters and errors............................................184
12.3.4 Simulating errors......................................................................................................... 185
12.4 Atmospheric effects and ionospheric errors settings...........................................185
12.5 Pseudorange errors settings................................................................................... 195
12.6 Orbit and orbit perturbation errors settings...........................................................198
12.7 Clock errors settings................................................................................................ 206
12.8 Time conversion errors settings..............................................................................210
12.9 System errors settings............................................................................................. 215
13 SBAS corrections...............................................................................221
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13.1 About SBAS...............................................................................................................221
13.2 About SBAS corrections.......................................................................................... 223
13.3 How to generate SBAS corrections.........................................................................224
13.4 SBAS settings........................................................................................................... 226
13.4.1 SBAS satellites settings.............................................................................................. 227
13.4.2 GEO ranging information............................................................................................ 228
13.4.3 Differential corrections.................................................................................................233
13.4.4 Additional SBAS system parameters.......................................................................... 244
14 Advanced GNSS scenarios...............................................................250
14.1 How to set up advanced GNSS scenarios.............................................................. 251
14.1.1 How to enable GNSS advanced mode....................................................................... 251
14.1.2 How to set up multi-frequency scenarios.................................................................... 253
14.1.3 How to set up multi-vehicle scenarios.........................................................................258
14.1.4 How to set up multi-antenna scenarios....................................................................... 259
14.1.5 How to configure GNSS streams................................................................................ 261
14.2 Advanced GNSS settings......................................................................................... 265
14.2.1 Related settings.......................................................................................................... 265
14.2.2 Output streams settings.............................................................................................. 268
15 Data logging....................................................................................... 272
15.1 Data logging general settings..................................................................................274
15.2 Configure logging settings...................................................................................... 277
16 Assistance data generation.............................................................. 282
17 Loading constellation and navigation message data.....................289
17.1 Import constellation settings................................................................................... 291
17.2 Import SBAS settings............................................................................................... 293
18 Hardware in the loop (HIL)................................................................ 295
18.1 Tips for best results..................................................................................................296
18.1.1 Synchronization...........................................................................................................296
18.1.2 System latency............................................................................................................297
18.1.3 Latency calibration...................................................................................................... 297
18.1.4 Adding a constant delay to compensate for command jitter....................................... 299
18.1.5 Interpolation................................................................................................................ 301
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18.1.6 Trajectory prediction....................................................................................................301
18.2 HIL settings................................................................................................................302
18.3 UDP position data..................................................................................................... 307
18.4 SCPI position data.................................................................................................... 308
18.5 Remote-control commands......................................................................................309
19 Signal generation control..................................................................317
19.1 Trigger settings......................................................................................................... 317
19.2 Marker settings..........................................................................................................322
19.3 Clock settings............................................................................................................326
19.4 Local and global connectors settings.....................................................................327
20 How to perform signal generation tasks with the GNSS options..329
20.1 General workflow for signal generation tasks....................................................... 329
20.2 How to generate GNSS signals for simple receiver tests..................................... 331
20.3 How to simulate real-world effects..........................................................................331
20.4 How to add noise or CW interferer.......................................................................... 331
20.5 How to load historical data...................................................................................... 331
20.6 How to generate GNSS advanced mode signals................................................... 331
21 Remote-control commands...............................................................333
21.1 General commands...................................................................................................336
21.2 System and signal commands.................................................................................340
21.3 Time conversion configuration................................................................................346
21.4 Receiver positioning configuration commands.....................................................359
21.5 Antenna pattern and body mask............................................................................. 369
21.6 Real-time kinematics (RTK) commands..................................................................372
21.6.1 RTK general commands..............................................................................................374
21.6.2 RTK location commands............................................................................................. 375
21.6.3 RTK antenna commands.............................................................................................378
21.6.4 RTK protocol commands.............................................................................................380
21.7 Environment configuration commands.................................................................. 381
21.8 Static multipath configuration................................................................................. 393
21.9 Atmospheric configuration commands.................................................................. 406
21.10 AWGN configuration................................................................................................. 412
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21.11 Satellites constellation............................................................................................. 416
21.12 Signals and power configuration per satellite....................................................... 427
21.13 SBAS corrections......................................................................................................457
21.14 Navigation message commands............................................................................. 467
21.14.1 Simulated orbit, orbit perturbation and clock commands............................................ 469
21.14.2 Pseudorange commands............................................................................................ 480
21.14.3 Orbit, clock, system, time conversion and ionospheric errors.....................................489
21.15 Signal dynamics........................................................................................................554
21.16 Assistance data commands.....................................................................................565
21.17 Monitoring and real-time commands...................................................................... 577
21.17.1 Monitoring commands.................................................................................................579
21.17.2 Real-time commands.................................................................................................. 586
21.18 Data logging.............................................................................................................. 598
21.19 Advanced mode commands.................................................................................... 604
21.20 Trigger commands.................................................................................................... 613
21.21 Marker commands.................................................................................................... 619
21.22 Clock commands...................................................................................................... 622
Annex.................................................................................................. 624
A User environment files...................................................................... 624
A.1 Movement or motion files.........................................................................................624
A.1.1 Waypoint file format.....................................................................................................624
A.1.2 Vector trajectory file format......................................................................................... 627
A.1.3 NMEA files as source for movement information........................................................ 630
A.1.4 Trajectory description files...........................................................................................630
A.1.5 Resampling principle...................................................................................................634
A.1.6 Calculating the maximum time duration of a movement file........................................635
A.2 Vehicle description files (used for smoothening).................................................. 636
A.3 Antenna pattern and body mask files..................................................................... 637
B RINEX files..........................................................................................640
C NMEA scenarios.................................................................................641
D QZSS navigation message scheduling............................................643
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E Predefined GNSS scenarios..............................................................644
E.1 3GPP TS and assisted GNSS................................................................................... 644
E.2 Assisted GNSS test scenarios.................................................................................645
E.3 Assisted GNSS 2020 test scenarios........................................................................650
E.4 Real constellations reference scenarios................................................................ 654
E.5 Galileo OSNMA scenarios........................................................................................ 654
F Ionospheric grid file format...............................................................655
G Channel budget..................................................................................656
G.1 Hardware resources..................................................................................................657
G.2 Instrument setups..................................................................................................... 659
H List of predefined files.......................................................................662
Glossary: Specifications and references.........................................664
List of commands.............................................................................. 666
Index....................................................................................................714
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Welcome to the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
11User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
1 Welcome to the GNSS options
The R&S SMW-K44/-K66/-K94/-K97/-K98/-K106/-K107/-K108/-K109/-K122/-K132/-
K134/-K135/-K136/-K137/-K138/-K139 are firmware applications that add functionality
to generate signals in accordance with GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, NavIC, QZSS and
COMPASS/BeiDou navigation systems and SBAS augmentation systems.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application pro-
vides, including remote control operation.
All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are
described in the R&S SMW user manual. The latest version is available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/SMW200A
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the delivery of the option or in the
R&S SMW service manual.
Key features............................................................................................................ 11
Accessing the GNSS dialog....................................................................................13
What's new..............................................................................................................13
Documentation overview.........................................................................................13
Scope......................................................................................................................16
Notes on screenshots............................................................................................. 16
1.1 Key features
The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) solution for the R&S SMW is suitable for
R&D lab tests or production tests. Supported are all possible scenarios, from simple
setups with individual satellites all the way to flexible scenarios generated in real time.
Real-time scenarios offer simulation of up to several hundred satellites for navigation
systems GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou, NavIC and QZSS depending on the instal-
led options.
Key features
The GNSS options key features are:
Support of multiple GNSS and regional navigation satellite systems (RNSS) and
signals including mixed constellations (Table 1-1)
Support of satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) and signals including
mixed constellations (Table 1-2)
Configuring the state of a particular signal component individually
Real-time simulation of mixed constellations and unlimited simulation time
Flexible scenario generation including moving scenarios, dynamic power control
and atmospheric modeling
Simulation of real-time kinematics (RTK) virtual reference stations
Key features
Welcome to the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
12User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
Configuration of realistic user environments, including obscuration and multipath,
antenna characteristics and vehicle attitude
Navigation test mode for satellite constellation simulation, position fixing and time
to first fix (TTFF) testing
Tracking test mode for signal acquisition and tracking tests
Simulation of orbit perturbations and pseudorange errors
Support of ranging, correction and integrity services for SBAS
Configuration suitable for basic receiver testing using signals with zero, constant or
varying Doppler profiles
Common configuration of advanced GNSS scenarios
Support of assisted GNSS test scenarios, including generation of assistance data
for GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and BeiDou
Logging of user motion and satellite-related parameters
Real-time external trajectory feed for hardware in the loop (HIL) applications
High signal dynamics, simulation of spinning vehicles to support aerospace and
defense applications
Table 1-1: Supported GNSS/RNSS, frequency bands and signals
GNSS/RNSS L1 band L2 band L5 band
GPS C/A, P, L1C, P(Y)-Noise,
M-Noise
C/A, P, L2C, P(Y)-Noise,
M-Noise
L5
Galileo E1 OS, E1 PRS-Noise E6, E6 PRS-Noise E5a, E5b
GLONASS C/A, CDMA L1 C/A, CDMA L2 CDMA L3
BeiDou B1I, B1C B3I B2I, B2a, B2b
QZSS C/A, L1C L2C L5
NavIC - - SPS
For detailed information, see Chapter 2.2, "GNSS overview", on page 19.
Table 1-2: Supported SBAS, frequency bands and signals
SBAS L1 band L2 band L5 band
EGNOS C/A - Exp L5
WAAS C/A - Exp L5
MSAS C/A - -
GAGAN C/A - -
For detailed information, see Table 2-11.
Key features
Welcome to the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
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1.2 Accessing the GNSS dialog
To open the dialog with GNSS settings
In the block diagram of the R&S SMW, select "Baseband" > "GNSS".
A dialog box opens that displays the provided general settings.
The signal generation is not started immediately. To start signal generation with the
default settings, select "State" > "On".
1.3 What's new
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.30.047.xx and later of the
R&S®SMW200A.
Compared to the previous version, it provides the new features listed below:
Generating Galileo open service navigation message authentication (OSNMA) sig-
nals based on OSNMA test vectors, see Chapter 10, "Generating Galileo OSNMA
signals", on page 162.
BeiDou I-component B2b_I of the B2b open service signal in L5 band, see
Table 2-8 and "Signals" on page 69.
Time-based triggering, see "Time Based Trigger" on page 319 and "Trigger Time"
on page 320.
Editorial changes
1.4 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S SMW user documentation. Unless speci-
fied otherwise, you find the documents at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/smw200a
1.4.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S SMW and describes how to set up and start working with the prod-
uct. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general informa-
tion, e.g. safety instructions, etc. A printed version is delivered with the instrument.
Documentation overview
Welcome to the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
14User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
1.4.2 User manuals and help
Separate manuals for the base unit and the software options are provided for down-
load:
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control com-
mands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
Software option manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of an option. Basic information on
operating the R&S SMW is not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S SMW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the software options.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Inter-
net.
1.4.3 Tutorials
The R&S SMW provides interactive examples and demonstrations on operating the
instrument in form of tutorials. A set of tutorials is available directly on the instrument.
1.4.4 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking compliance with rated specifications, firm-
ware update, troubleshooting, adjustments, installing options and maintenance.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
1.4.5 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S SMW in secure areas. It is avail-
able for download on the internet.
1.4.6 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
Documentation overview
Welcome to the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
15User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
1.4.7 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S SMW. It also lists the
options and their order numbers and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific char-
acteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/smw200a
1.4.8 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The software makes use of several valuable open source software packages. An open-
source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the used open
source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/smw200a
1.4.9 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particu-
lar topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/smw200a and www.rohde-schwarz.com/
manual/smw200a
1.4.10 Videos
Find various videos on Rohde & Schwarz products and test and measurement topics
on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@RohdeundSchwarz
On the menu bar, search for your product to find related videos.
Figure 1-1: Product search on YouTube
Documentation overview
Welcome to the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
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1.5 Scope
Tasks (in manual or remote operation) that are also performed in the base unit in the
same way are not described here.
In particular, it includes:
Managing settings and data lists, like saving and loading settings, creating and
accessing data lists, or accessing files in a particular directory.
Information on regular trigger, marker and clock signals and filter settings, if appro-
priate.
General instrument configuration, such as checking the system configuration, con-
figuring networks and remote operation
Using the common status registers
For a description of such tasks, see the R&S SMW user manual.
1.6 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options instal-
led. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your par-
ticular product configuration.
Notes on screenshots
About the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
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2 About the GNSS options
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) employs the radio signals of several naviga-
tion standards, like GPS, Galileo, GLONASS and BeiDou and NavIC. For several
years, GPS used to be the only standard available for civilian navigation through its
C/A civilian code.
Nowadays, the GNSS signals and systems are undergoing fast development, some
systems are getting modernized and some are new. In the foreseeable future, several
more GNSS satellites utilizing more signals and new frequencies are available.
The GNSS implementation in the R&S SMW enables you to generate composite sig-
nals of GNSS satellites, depending on the installed options. Signal generation is per-
formed in real time and thus not limited to a certain time period.
The following chapters provide background information on required options, basic
terms and principles in the context of GNSS signal generation. For detailed information
on the GNSS standards, see the corresponding specifications.
2.1 Required options
The basic equipment layout for generating GNSS signals includes:
Standard or wideband baseband generator (R&S SMW-B10/-B9)
Baseband main module (R&S SMW-B13/-B13T) or wideband baseband main mod-
ule (R&S SMW-B13XT)
Frequency option (e.g. R&S SMW-B1003)
At least one basic or modernized GNSS option, per signal path, see Table 2-1. The
modernized GNSS options do not require a basic GNSS option.
Optional enhanced simulation capability options, per signal path, see Table 2-2.
– R&S SMW-B10: Standard GNSS, one simulation capability option per signal
path
– R&S SMW-B9: Advanced GNSS, one simulation capability option only
Optional enhanced simulation capacity options, see Table 2-3:
Table 2-1: GNSS system options
Option Designation Remark
R&S SMW-K44 GPS C/A and P signals in L1 and L2 bands
R&S SMW-K66 Galileo E1 OS, E6, E5a and E5b signals in L1, L2 and L5 bands
R&S SMW-K94 GLONASS C/A signal in L1 and L2 bands
R&S SMW-K97 NavIC/IRNSS SPS signal in L5 band
R&S SMW-K98 Modernized GPS L1C, L2C and L5 signals in L1, L2 and L5 bands
R&S SMW-K107 BeiDou/COMPASS B1I and B2I signals in L1 and L5 bands
Q-component AS signals are not supported, see also
Table 2-8.
Required options
About the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
18User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
Option Designation Remark
R&S SMW-K123 Modernized GLONASS Requires R&S SMW-B9.
CDMA L1, L2 and L3 signals in L1, L2 and L5 bands
R&S SMW-K128 P(Y)-/M-/PRS-Noise Requires R&S SMW-B9.
GPS P(Y)-Noise and M-Noise signals in L1 and L2 bands
Galileo E1 PRS-Noise and E6 PRS-Noise signals in L1
and L2 bands
R&S SMW-K132 Modernized BeiDou B1C, B3I, B2a, and B2b_I signals in L1, L2 and L5 bands
Q-component AS signals including B2b_Q are not suppor-
ted, see also Table 2-8.
Table 2-2: GNSS simulation capability options
Option Designation Remark
R&S SMW-K106 SBAS/QZSS Requires R&S SMW-K44.
Augmentation system option using satellite-based and
regional navigation signals.
R&S SMW-K108 Real world simulation Simulates real-world environments: Signal obscurations,
echoed and multipath effects, receiver antenna patterns
and body masks.
R&S SMW-K109 Real-time interfaces Emulates a realistic environment of the DUT in real time
via the Hardware in the Loop test mode.
R&S SMW-K122 Real-time kinematics
(RTK)
Requires R&S SMW-B9.
Simulates real-time kinematics for one RTK base station
and one GNSS receiver.
Option R&S SMW-K120 Advanced GNSS is no longer required, since advanced GNSS
operation requires R&S SMW-B9.
Table 2-3: GNSS simulation capacity options
Option Designation Remark
R&S SMW-K134 Dual-frequency GNSS Requires R&S SMW-B9.
Simulation of 2 RF band signals
R&S SMW-K135 Triple-frequency GNSS Requires R&S SMW-B9 and R&S SMW-K134.
Simulation of 3 RF band signals
R&S SMW-K136 Add 6 GNSS channels Requires R&S SMW-B9.
Installable up to 8 times
R&S SMW-K137 Add 12 GNSS channels Requires R&S SMW-B9.
Installable up to 8 times
R&S SMW-K138 Add 24 GNSS channels Requires R&S SMW-B9.
Installable up to 8 times
R&S SMW-K139 Add 48 GNSS channels Requires R&S SMW-B9.
Installable up to 8 times
Required options
About the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
19User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
There is a limitation on the maximum number of satellite signals that can be simulated
simultaneously. For more information, see Chapter G, "Channel budget", on page 656.
To find out installed GNSS options
Select "System Config" > "Setup" > "Instrument Assembly" > "Versions / Options" >
"Software Options".
The column "Licenses" lists the number of installed options.
To play back GNSS waveforms
You can generate signals via play-back of waveform files at the signal generator. To
create the waveform file using R&S WinIQSIM2, you do not need a specific option.
To play back the waveform file at the signal generator, you have two options:
Install the R&S WinIQSIM2 option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMW-K255 for
playing LTE waveforms
If supported, install the real-time option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMW-K55
for playing LTE waveforms
For more information, see data sheet.
2.2 GNSS overview
This section provides an overview on the GNSS including the following:
Power spectral density, frequency bands and center frequencies fcenter
Characteristics of the satellite constellation
Signal plan for each GNSS
The number of deployed satellites increases constantly. For the current deployment
status, see the official information of the GNSS providers.
The GNSS simulation capacity depends on installed options and the visibility state of
the individual satellite. For the number of satellites that can be present in the satellite
constellation, see Table 6-1.
f
Q
I
Figure 2-1: Power spectral density and center frequencies of most important GNSS signals
GNSS overview
About the GNSS optionsSatellite Navigation
20User Manual 1178.6379.02 ─ 16
Red = GPS L1, L2 and L5 signals, details in GPS signal plan
Blue = Galileo E1, E5 and E6 signals, details in Galileo signal plan
Green = GLONASS G1(L1), G2(L2) and G3(L5) signals, details in GLONASS FDMA signal plan
Yellow = BeiDou B1, B2 and B3 signals, details in BeiDou signal plan
GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of several satellites circling the earth in
low orbits. The satellites transmit permanently information that can be used by the
receivers to calculate their current position (ephemeris) and about the orbits of all sat-
ellites (almanac). The 3D position of a receiver on the earth can be determined by car-
rying out delay measurements of at least four signals emitted by different satellites.
Being transmitted on a single carrier frequency, the signals of the individual satellites
can be distinguished by correlation (gold) codes. These ranging codes are used as
spreading codes for the navigation message which is transmitted at a rate of 50 bauds.
The C/A codes provide standard positioning service (SPS). The P codes provide pre-
cise positioning service (PPS).
For interface control documents (ICD), see GPS ICD.
Table 2-4: GPS signal plan
Signal C/A P, P(Y)-Noise1) L1C L2C M-Noise1) L5
Freq. band L1
L2
L1
L2
L1 L2 L1
L2
L5
fcenter, MHz 1575.42
1227.6
1575.42
1227.6
1575.42 1227.6 1575.42
1227.6
1176.45
Modulation BPSK(1) - TMBOC
(6,1,1/11)
BPSK(1) - QPSK(10)
1) The GPS signals P(Y)-Noise and M-Noise are for experimental use only. These sig-
nals contain arbitrary noise. Use them for spectral interferer testing. For example, to
generate a C/A signal and an interfering P(Y)-Noise signal on the same center fre-
quency. Theses noise signals are not useful for position fix calculation and do not com-
ply with any ICD specification.
Galileo
Galileo is the European global navigation satellite system that provides global position-
ing service under civilian control. It is planed to be inter-operable with GPS and GLO-
NASS and other global satellite navigation systems.
The fully deployed Galileo system consists of operational and spare satellites. Three
independent CDMA signals, named E5, E6 and E1, are permanently transmitted by all
Galileo satellites. The E5 signal is further subdivided into two signals denoted E5a and
E5b (see Figure 2-1). The Galileo system provides open service (OS), public regulated
service (PRS) to authorized, commercial service (CS) and search and rescue (SAR)
service.
For interface control documents (ICD), see Galileo ICD.
GNSS overview
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Rohde&Schwarz SMW200A User manual

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