Ampac FIRERAY 2000 User manual

Brand: Ampac

Model: FIRERAY 2000

Type: User manual

This manual is also suitable for

PDS220-FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

WORLD LEADER OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS

FIRERAY

-1

Product Guide

“Our aim is to provide ‘Consistently Excellent Service’ in the eyes of our customers”

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No.

1 About This Manual.................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1

1.2 References..................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Symbols .........................................................................................................................1

2 What is an Optical Beam Smoke Detector ............................................................................. 2

2.1 Definition ........................................................................................................................ 2

2.2 Operation Principles....................................................................................................... 3

2.3 Optical Beam Smoke Detector Types............................................................................ 4

2.3.1 Projected............................................................................................................ 4

2.3.2 Reflected............................................................................................................ 4

2.3.3 Application of Projected and Reflected Optical Beam Smoke Detectors.......... 5

2.3.4 New Optical Beam Smoke Detector Technology .............................................. 5

3 Where is an Optical Beam Smoke Detector Used ................................................................. 6

3.1 Traditional Applications.................................................................................................. 6

3.2 Special Applications....................................................................................................... 6

4 Specify an Optical Beam Smoke Detector ............................................................................. 7

4.1 Standards.......................................................................................................................7

4.2 Coverage / Ceiling Height .............................................................................................. 7

4.3 Location, Spacing and Positioning................................................................................. 7

4.3.1 Flat Ceiling......................................................................................................... 8

4.3.2 Apex Ceiling – Shed Type ................................................................................. 8

4.3.3 Apex Ceiling – Peaked Type ............................................................................. 9

4.3.4 Atrium .............................................................................................................. 10

4.4 Capability to Critical Enviroments ................................................................................ 11

4.4.1 High Air Velocity .............................................................................................. 11

4.4.2 Hostile Enviroment .......................................................................................... 11

4.4.3 Stratification ..................................................................................................... 12

4.5 Comparison with Point Type Detectors ....................................................................... 14

4.5.1 High Air Velocity .............................................................................................. 14

4.5.2 Coverage / Spacing ......................................................................................... 14

4.5.3 Installation / Maintenance in Wide Area’s ....................................................... 14

4.6 Interface to a Fire Alarm Control Panel ....................................................................... 15

4.6.1 Conventional Optical Beam Smoke Detector .................................................. 15

4.6.2 Conventional Optical Beam Smoke Detector on an Addressable FACP ........ 15

5 Install an Optical Beam Smoke Detector ............................................................................. 16

5.1 Structure.......................................................................................................................16

5.2 Reflections and Obscuration........................................................................................ 17

5.3 Optical Cross Talk........................................................................................................ 18

5.4 Sensitivity .....................................................................................................................18

5.5 Sunlight / Artificial Lights.............................................................................................. 18

5.6 Heat Sources ............................................................................................................... 18

5.7 Testing Procedures...................................................................................................... 19

5.7.1 Smoke Test...................................................................................................... 19

5.7.2 Fault Test......................................................................................................... 19

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

6 Commision an Optical Beam Smoke Detector .................................................................... 20

7 Maintain an Optical Beam Smoke detector.......................................................................... 21

8 FIRERAY Optical Beam Smoke Detectors ........................................................................... 22

8.1 Approvals ..................................................................................................................... 22

8.2 FIRERAY Projected Range.......................................................................................... 23

8.2.1 FIRERAY 2000 ................................................................................................ 23

8.2.2 Accessories ..................................................................................................... 23

8.3 FIRERAY Reflected Range.......................................................................................... 24

8.3.1 FIRERAY 50R 100R........................................................................................ 24

8.3.2 Accessories ..................................................................................................... 24

8.4 FIRERAY Reflected and Motorised Range.................................................................. 26

8.4.1 FIRERAY 5000 ................................................................................................ 26

8.4.2 Accessories ..................................................................................................... 27

9 Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 30

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 1

1 About This Manual

1.1 Introduction

The aim of this guide is to offer information on the proper use of infrared (IR) / Optical Beam Smoke

Detectors to protect lives, equipment and property.

The Guide summarise the design requirements, the principles and practical applications for their

incorporation as a component of a Fire Alarm Control Panel

For specific applications, Optical Beam Smoke Detectors can be important links in a well engineered

Fire Alarm Control Panel. Thanks to their own capabilities, Optical Beam Smoke Detectors can

overcome the problems and limitations of point-type smoke detectors

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are an efficient and economical way of protecting lives, equipment

and property where:

Areas are wide

Ceilings are high

Architecture cosmetic / aesthetic is important

Cost of installation and servicing is low.

1.2 References

PDS220-0004 FIRERAY 2000 Beam Detector Product Data Sheet

PDS220-0005 FIRERAY 50R 100R Beam Detector Product Data Sheet

PDS220-0008 FIRERAY 5000 Beam Detector Product Data Sheet

1.3 Symbols

Note: Configuration considerations

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 2

2 What is an Optical Beam Smoke Detector

2.1 Definition

An Optical Beam Smoke Detector comprises of a Transmitter, a Receiver and a Control Unit

The Transmitter is an infrared light source that generates and projects a modulated infrared

(invisible) light beam over an area to the Receiver.

The Receiver is a photosensitive sensor that forwards the signal to a Control unit.

The Control Unit, which can be a separate or integrated unit (depending on the type of Optical

Beam Smoke Detector) analyses the signal information and communicates with the Fire Alarm

Control Panel (FACP) on the status of the Optical Beam Smoke Detector

Core: The effective region corresponds to the Core area, which will connect the Transmitter with the

Receiver / Reflector. The Core region contains sufficient IR energy to operate the system.

Scattered Region: The energy is Scattered Region is not sufficient to ensure reliable operation of

the system.

Edge: The transition area between Core and the Scattered Region.

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 3

2.2 Operation Principles

The Optical Beam Smoke Detector works on the principle of light obscuration. The photosensitive

element of the Optical Beam Smoke Detector sees light produced by the Transmitter in a normal

condition. The Receiver is calibrated to a preset sensitivity level based on a percentage of total

obscuration. AMPAC’s range of Optical Beam Smoke Detectors offers various sensitivity settings to

choose from.

Unlike point type photoelectric smoke detectors, Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are generally less

sensitive to the colour of the smoke. Therefore an Optical Beam Smoke Detector may be well suited

to applications unsuitable for point type photoelectric detectors, such as applications where the

anticipated fire would produce black smoke. Optical Beam Smoke Detectors do require visible

smoke and therefore may not be as sensitive as Ion detectors in some applications.

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are sensitive to the cumulative obscuration presented by a smoke

field. A combination of smoke density and the linear distance of the smoke field create this

cumulative obscuration across the projected light beam. Cumulative obscuration is therefore a

measure of the percentage of light blockage.

Note: Condensation can be considered as an obscuration phenomenon.

Since the sudden and total obscuration of the light beam is not a typical smoke signature, the Optical

Beam Smoke Detector will see this a fault condition, not as an alarm. The threshold is typically set

by the manufacturer at a specified sensitivity level. This minimises the possibility of unwanted alarm

due to the blockage of the beam by a solid object, such as a sign or a ladder being inadvertently

placed in the beam path.

Very small, slow changes in the obscuration of the light source are also not typical of a smoke

signature. These changes occur because of environmental conditions such as dust or dirt

accumulation on the Optical Beam Smoke Detector’s optical assemblies or on the reflector surface.

Small, slow changes may also occur due to building movement.

Changes caused by environmental conditions are typically compensated for by an automatic gain

control (AGC). When the Optical Beam Smoke Detector is first turned on and put through its setup

program, it assumes the light signal level at that time as a reference point for normal condition.

As the quality of the light signal degrades over time, the AGC will compensate for this change. The

rate of compensation is limited to ensure that Optical Beam Smoke Detector will maintain its set

sensitivity and will also still be sensitive to smouldering or slow building fires.

When the AGC can no longer compensate for the loss of signal (as with accumulation of dust or dirt

or building movement) the Optical Beam Smoke Detector will signal a fault condition, so that

maintenance can take place.

With a motorised Optical Beam Smoke Detector, it is also possible to steer and reposition the unit to

retain good alignment after building movement.

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 4

2.3 Optical Beam Smoke Detector Types

There are currently two types of Optical Beam Smoke Detectors. The Projected style and the

Reflective style.

2.3.1 Projected

The Transmitter and the Receiver are installed at each end of the area to be protected, up to 100

metres apart. The Receiver is electrically connected to the Control Unit, the later being installed at

the ground level

2.3.2 Reflected

The Transmitter and the Receiver are contained within one unit: The Transceiver. The transmitted

infrared light beam is reflected back by a reflector (prism) mounted directly opposite this unit, up to

100 metres away. The Receiver is connected to a Control Unit that can be either integrated into the

Transceiver or installed at ground level

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 5

2.3.3 Application of Projected and Reflected Optical Beam Smoke Detectors

The Type of Optical Beam Smoke Detector used will be dictated by the installation and the

environment conditions and constraints.

Projected Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are less susceptible to stray reflection as reflections go

back to the transmitter. As a result, projected Optical Beam Smoke Detectors can operate within

narrower gaps left in the operating environment.

In addition, Projected Optical Beam Smoke Detector Transmitter and Receiver units are generally

compact and easily adopted into “aesthetic” architectural designs.

Reflected Optical Beam Smoke Detectors utilises less wiring for reduced costs (power and wiring

are only required at the transceiver end) and only requires the Transceiver to be aligned. However

the Reflected Optical Beam Smoke Detector can be vulnerable to reflective items close to IR beam

path.

As the Reflector has a wide acceptance angle, it does not need to be aligned as accurately as both

ends of a Projected Optical Beam Smoke Detectors

2.3.4 New Optical Beam Smoke Detector Technology

The latest Optical Beam Smoke Detectors generation can also encompass a motor.

In conjunction with a Control Unit installed at ground level, the user can benefit from being able to

steer the motorised units without the need to perform most of the setting up, commissioning and

maintaining activities from heights.

With a motorised Optical Beam Smoke Detector, it is possible to include software algorithms that

automatically align the unit and can accommodate building movements

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 6

3 Where is an Optical Beam Smoke Detector Used

3.1 Traditional Applications

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are used to provide “wide area” smoke detection. These are usually

used in situations where it is either impractical, inappropriate or not cost effective (installation, wiring

and maintenance) to use traditional point type detectors. It also enables coverage of a large area, at

minimal cost.

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are also ideally suited for situations that might include high ceilings,

dusty and dirty environments, or environments that experience temperature extremes

Some examples of common applications:

 Atriums

 Conference / Exhibition Centres

 Shopping Malls

 Historic Buildings

 Churches / Mosques

 Museums

 Hangers

 Manufacturing Plants

 Warehouses

 Airports

 Stables

 Sport / Leisure Centres

3.2 Special Applications

Like point type detectors, Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are inappropriate for outdoor applications.

Outdoor conditions make smoke behaviour impossible to predict. Environmental conditions such as

temperature extremes, rain, snow, sleet, fog and dew can interfere with the proper operation of the

Optical Beam Smoke Detector.

Hazard areas require a flame / explosion proof Optical Beam Smoke Detector, ATEX approved

 Zone 1 Environments

 Refineries

 Mills

 Munitions Factories and Stores

 Flammable Liquid Stores

 Flammable Gas Sores

 Flammable Powder Stores

 Industrial Plants and Warehouses

 Power Stations

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 7

4 Specify an Optical Beam Smoke Detector

4.1 Standards

The following guidelines are provided to give a general summary of common situations in which

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are used.

There are many recognised National and International standards and Codes of Practise.

Please refer to your local authority for your applicable standards and codes

4.2 Coverage / Ceiling Height

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors generally have an operating range of up to 100 metres.

However, the optical concept means that the infrared light beam doesn’t suddenly drop at 100

metres but carries on, fading away progressively. With regards to the Reflected Optical Beam

Smoke Detector, the infrared light beam actually travels up to 100 Metres and back the same

distance.

Note: Projected Optical Beam Smoke Detector can be offered with an extended range.

The recommended width of detection either side of the infrared light beam axis is 7.5 metres for

satisfactory detection under flat ceilings (see section 4.3 Location, Spacing and Positioning for

distances to be considered in some general applications)

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are ideally suited for high ceiling applications, where their infrared

light beam path is less likely to be obstructed.

High Ceiling applications such as atriums, lobbies, gymnasiums, sports arenas, museums, factories

and warehouses are areas where Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are not only acceptable, but are

the detector of choice.

4.3 Location, Spacing and Positioning

It is important that the Optical Beam Smoke Detector is positioned correctly to minimise the detection

time

Experiments have shown that smoke from a fire does not rise directly upwards, but fans out as a

plume due to dilution with cool air and heat layering effects.

The time to signal a fire condition depends on the location of the Optical Beam Smoke Detector

within the premises, the volume and density of smoke produced, construction of the roof ventilation

arrangements and airflow within detection area.

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 8

Smoke layering, where smoke does not reach the ceiling level due to layers of static hot air, is

overcome by mounting the Optical Beam Smoke Detector / Reflector at the recommended height

below the ceiling of between 0.3 metres and 0.6 metres. This brings the infrared light beam below

the heat layer and into the smoke layer.

However, if there are objects below the ceiling that could obscure the beam path, the detector heads

/ Reflector positioning may need to be adjusted. (This can be determined by smoke tests)

The effects of stratification should also be considered when locating Optical Beam Smoke Detectors

(see 4.4.3 Stratification)

Note: There are several models for positioning Optical Beam Smoke Detectors. The most

common ones are described in the following pages.

4.3.1 Flat Ceiling

4.3.2 Apex Ceiling – Shed Type

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 9

4.3.3 Apex Ceiling – Peaked Type

A ceiling or roof with a slope in excess of 4.5 degrees should be regarded as an APEX ceiling / roof.

When Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are mounted in an APEX, the lateral coverage either side of

the beam axis can be increased in relation to the angle (Ø) of the pitch, using the following formula:

X = 7.5 + (7.5 x Ø/100) metres

For example

If the pitch angle (Ø) is 20° the lateral coverage can be increased from 7.5m either side of the

infrared light beam axis to:

X = 7.5 + (7.5 x 20/100) metres

X = 7.5 + (1.5) metres

X = 9 metres

The lateral coverage can be increased to 9 metres either side of the infrared light beam axis

This only applies for:

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors positioned in the APEX. For all Optical Beam Smoke Detectors, the

calculations remain the same:

Pitch angles up to and including 25°. Hence the maximum increase in lateral coverage can be:

X = 7.5 + (7.5 x 25/100) metres

X = 9.375 metres

Pitch angles over 25° must use the maximum lateral figure of 9.375 metres either side of the infrared

light beam axis

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 10

4.3.4 Atrium

If the Optical Beam Smoke Detector is to be placed in an Atrium, or near glass / polished surfaces,

the Receiver / Reflector should be offset from the central line of sight, and angled back to the

Transmitter

This can be either on the vertical or on the horizontal axis, or a combination of both.

In the instance of a Reflected Optical Beam Smoke Detector, the reflected infrared light beam from

the Reflector will be returned to the Receiver in the normal way.

The purpose of this approach is to detect the rising plume rather than the smoke layer. For this

approach, supplementary detection using Optical Beam Smoke Detectors close enough to each

other to assure intersection of the plume is installed at a level below the lowest expected

stratification layer.

The spacing (X4) between Optical Beam Smoke Detectors is based on the narrowest potential width

of the plume at level detection (X5); typically X4 is 25% of X5

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 11

4.4 Capability to Critical Enviroments

4.4.1 High Air Velocity

High air movement does not have as great as an effect on Optical Beam Smoke Detectors as other

detector types. An Optical Beam Smoke Detector’s sensing range can be long as a football field

(maximum beam range is typically 100 metres). It is therefore less likely to blown out of the Optical

Beam Smoke Detector’s sensing range. Although reduced spacing is not required in high airflow

areas, attention should be given to the anticipated behaviour of smoke in these applications.

4.4.2 Hostile Enviroment

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are not as limited as point type detectors to hostile environments:

temperature extremes, dirt and corrosive gases and such.

In addition, flame / explosion proof Optical Beam Smoke Detector have been designed for protection

of large hazardous (with potentially explosive atmospheres) areas, such as:

 Refineries

 Mills

 Munitions Factories and Stores

 Flammable Liquid Stores

 Flammable Gas Sores

 Flammable Powder Stores

 Industrial Plants and Warehouses

 Power Stations

This version provides an early warning of smouldering or strongly smoke generative fires, which may

not be picked up by flame detectors installed in these hazardous areas.

Flame / explosion proof Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are ATEX approved.

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 12

4.4.3 Stratification

Stratification occurs when smoke is heated by smouldering of burning materials and becomes less

dense than surrounding cooler air.

The smoke rises until there is no longer a difference between the smoke and the surrounding air.

Therefore, stratification may occur in areas where the air temperature may be elevated at the ceiling

level, but especially where there is a lack of ventilation.

On smooth ceilings, Optical Beam Smoke Detectors should generally be mounted 0.3 metres to 0.6

metres from the ceiling.

In many cases, however, the location and sensitivity of the detectors shall be the result of an

engineering evaluation that includes the following

 Structural features

 Size and shape of the room and bays

 Occupancy and uses of the area

 Ceiling height and shape

 Surface and obstructions

 Ventilation

 Ambient environment

 Burning characteristics of the combustible materials present

 Configuration of the contents in the area protected

The results of an engineering evaluation may require an installation at a reduced height to defeat the

effects of stratification or other obstructions.

(A) This plume is narrow at the ground level and expands at higher levels; it can be detected readily

at these levels. (B) This fire is slow to develop; the temperature of the plume cools around 10 metres

to 15 Metres causing it to stratify at this level. (C) This plume develops at lower levels and doesn’t

cool until it reaches higher elevations. Due to the high temperature, its size is equal from floor to

ceiling.

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 13

There is no sure way of identifying what condition will be present at the start of a fire. Any of the

following detection schemes can provide for prompt detection regardless of the condition present at

the time of fire initiation.

Upward Optical Beam Smoke Detectors to Detect the Smoke Layer:

The purpose of this approach is to quickly detect the development of a smoke layer at whatever

temperature condition exists. One or more Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are aimed at an upward

angle to intersect the smoke layer regardless of the level of smoke stratification. For redundancy

when using this approach, more than one Optical Beam Smoke Detector is recommended.

Horizontal Optical Beam Smoke Detectors to Detect the Smoke Layer at Various Levels:

The purpose of this approach is to quickly detect the development of a smoke layer at whatever

temperature condition exists. One or more Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are located at the ceiling.

Additional Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are located at other levels lower in the volume. The exact

positioning of the Optical Beam Smoke Detectors is a function of the specific design but should

include Optical Beam Smoke Detectors at the bottom of any identified unconditioned (Dead air)

spaces and at / or near the design smoke level with several Optical Beam Smoke Detectors

positions at other levels

Horizontal Optical Beam Smoke Detectors to Detect Smoke Plume:

The purpose of this approach is to detect the rising plume rather than the smoke layer. For this

approach, an arrangement of Optical Beam Smoke Detectors close enough to each other to assure

intersection of the plume is installed at a level below the lowest expected stratification level. The

spacing between Optical Beam Smoke Detectors is based on the narrowest potential width of the

plume at the level of detection.

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 14

4.5 Comparison with Point Type Detectors

4.5.1 High Air Velocity

Point Type Detector

High Air Velocity may blow smoke out of the sensing chamber

Optical Beam Smoke Detector

High air movement does not have as great as effect on Optical Beam Smoke Detector’. An Optical

Beam Smoke Detector’s sensing range can be typically as long as 100 metres. It is therefore less

likely smoke will be blown out of the Optical Beam Smoke Detector’s sensing range.

4.5.2 Coverage / Spacing

Point Type Detector

Radius = 7.5 metres

Distance between detectors = 10 metres

Qty required to cover 1500m² = 15 units minimum

Optical Beam Smoke Detector

Lateral coverage = 7.5 metres either side

Distance between detectors = 15 metres

Qty required to cover 1500m² = 1 unit

4.5.3 Installation / Maintenance in Wide Area’s

Point Type Detector

To all detectors situated across the ceiling, which require individual connection / testing

Optical Beam Smoke Detector

Along the end walls only

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 15

4.6 Interface to a Fire Alarm Control Panel

4.6.1 Conventional Optical Beam Smoke Detector

Conventional Optical Beam Smoke Detectors are very versatile; they are compatible with any

conventional control panel and by using them in conjunction with a suitable interface control module,

they can be added to any intelligent system irrespective of the communication protocol between the

Control Panel and Detectors

4.6.2 Conventional Optical Beam Smoke Detector on an Addressable FACP

Using a Loop Driven Zone Interface Device allows the Conventional Optical Beam Smoke Detector

to be placed on Addressable FACP

Addressable

Fire Panel

Conventional Beam

Smoke Detector

Power

Supply Unit

Loop Zone

Interface Device

Loop

Wiring

Fire

Relay

Fault

Relay

Zone

Wiring

Alarm

Resistor

End Of Line

component

FIRERAY PRODUCT GUIDE

Page 16

5 Install an Optical Beam Smoke Detector

5.1 Structure

Optical Beam Smoke Detectors must be mounted on stable stationary surfaces for proper operation:

to prevent movement and subsequent misalignment. A surface that moves, shifts, vibrates, or warps

over time will cause false alarm or trouble conditions. Initial selection of a proper mounting surface

will eliminate false alarm or nuisance signals

In cases where only one stable mounting surface as defined above can be used, and Reflected

Optical Beam Smoke Detector has been chosen, the Transceiver should be mounted to the stable

surface and the Reflector should be mounted to the less stable surface. The Reflector has a much

greater tolerance for the unstable mounting locations defined above.

DO NOT MOUNT the Optical Beam Smoke Detector on corrugated metal walls, sheet metal walls,

external building sheathing, external siding, suspended ceilings, steel web trusses, rafters, non-

structural beam, joists or other such surfaces.

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Ampac FIRERAY 2000 User manual

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Model: FIRERAY 2000

Type: User manual

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