VMware vFabric Data Director 2.7 User guide

VMware vFabric Data Director

Administrator and User Guide

vFabric Data Director 2.7

This document supports the version of each product listed and

supports all subsequent versions until the document is replaced

by a new edition. To check for more recent editions of this

document, see http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs.

EN- 001185-00

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Contents

About VMware vFabric Data Director Administrator and User Guide 9

1

VMware vFabric Data Director Overview 11

Data Director System Architecture 11

VMware Data Director Components 12

Data Director User Management Modes 12

About Data Director Administration 13

Data Director Supported Databases 14

2

Managing Data Director Resources 19

Resource Management Overview 19

Resource Bundles and Resource Pools 20

Storage Resources and Data Director 21

System Resource Bundle 22

Resource Assignment 23

vSphere Resource Pools and Data Director 24

Viewing Resource Information 26

Create the System Resource Pool 26

Create the System Resource Bundle 27

Monitor Resource Usage 28

Create a Resource Pool 28

Create a Resource Bundle 29

Assign a Resource Bundle to an Organization 31

Perform Advanced Cluster Configuration 31

3

Managing Users and Roles 33

User Management Overview 34

Authenticating Users 35

Role-Based Access Control 35

Predefined Roles 36

Privileges 37

Propagation of Permissions and Roles 38

Organization Privileges and Permissions 38

Add Users to Your Organization 39

Add Roles to an Organization 39

Grant a Permission to a User 40

Modify Organization Security Settings 40

About vCenter Single Sign-On 41

Register vFabric Data Director with the vCenter Single Sign-On Service 41

Import vCenter Single Sign-On Service Users 42

Remove vCenter Single Sign-On Registration Before Uninstalling vFabric Data Director 43

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4

Building DBVMs and Base DB Templates 45

Database Virtual Machine OVA Files 48

Deploy a DBVM OVA File 48

Disk Configuration for DBVMs and DB Templates 49

Build an Oracle, SQL Server, or Empty Base DBVM 50

Build a MySQL Base DBVM 51

Build an Oracle and SUSE Linux Base DBVM 56

Build an Oracle DBVM with a Custom Linux Operating System 56

Requirements for the Kickstart File 60

Build a Base DBVM with a Custom Operating System 63

Create and Validate a Base DB Template 65

Database Update Configuration 68

Configure a vFabric Postgres Update Chain 69

Update an Oracle Database 70

5

Managing Organizations 77

Organization Structure 77

Operating Organizations 78

Managing Resources For Organizations 79

Managing Organization Users 80

Create a Data Director Organization 80

Bind a vCloud Director Organization to Data Director 81

6

IP Whitelists 83

Create an Organization IP Whitelist 83

Apply IP Whitelists to Databases 84

Create Custom IP Whitelists 84

7

Managing Database Groups 87

Database Group Management Overview 87

Managing Resources for Database Groups 88

Storage Reservation 89

Database Groups and Security 89

Create a Database Group 89

8

Managing Database Templates 91

Introduction to Database Templates 91

Enable a Base DB Template 92

Create a DB Parameter Group 93

Create a Resource Template 93

Modify a Resource Template 94

Create a Backup Template 95

Modify a Backup Template 96

9

Managing Databases 99

Database Lifecycle 99

Requirements for Creating Databases 101

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Database Creation 102

Using Tags 116

Managing the Organization Catalog 117

Batch Operations and Scheduled Tasks 119

Updating Databases 120

Database Administration 121

10

Cloning Databases 127

Clone Types 127

Cloning Customizations 129

Clone a Database 129

Managing Post-Clone Scripts 133

Managing a Cloned Database Refresh 137

11

Managing Database Entities 141

Database Entity Management 141

SQL Management 146

12

Safeguarding Data 149

Backup Strategies 150

Backup Types 150

Backup Template Settings 152

Preconfigured Backup Templates 153

Select a Database Backup Template 153

Schedule Regular Database Backups 154

Create a Database Snapshot 155

Recover a Database from Backup 156

Import Backups 156

Recover a Database from Last State 157

Use VMware Data Recovery to Back Up Data Director 158

Database End of Life and Backups 160

Perform Point-in-time Recovery of Management Server Database 160

Add Pre-Action and Post-Action Scripts to the DBVM for Selected Agents 161

13

High Availability and Replication 163

About High Availability in Data Director 163

vPostgres Database Replication 164

14

Monitoring the Data Director Environment 167

Explore Monitoring Customization and Filtering 167

Monitoring for System Administrators 168

Monitoring for Organization Administrators 172

Explore Database Monitoring 176

Working with Alarms 177

About aurora_mon Configuration 179

aurora_mon Configuration Parameters 180

Contents

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Managing Licenses 185

License Management Overview 185

Counting Data Director Licenses 187

About Evaluation Licenses 187

Add License Keys 188

View License Information 188

View License Usage Information 189

Change the vFabric Postgres Database Usage Type 189

Remove License Keys 190

16

IP Pool Management 191

Add an IP Pool 191

Edit IP Pool 192

Delete an IP Pool 192

17

VMware vCloud Director Integration 195

Enable vCloud Director Integration in Setup 196

Enable vCloud Director Integration after Setup 196

Edit or Disable vCloud Director Integration 197

Add a vCloud Director Organization Administrator 197

18

Reconfiguring Data Director Networks 199

Change the vCenter IP Address 199

Reconfigure the Web Console Network Mapping or Network Adapter 200

Reconfigure the vCenter Network Mapping 201

Reconfigure the vCenter Network Adapter Settings 201

Reconfigure the DB Name Service Network or DB Name Service Network Adapter 202

Reconfigure the Internal Network or Internal Network Adapter Mapping 203

Verify Network Settings in Data Director 204

Reconfigure the Database Access Network Used by a Database Group 204

Modify IP Pool Settings 205

19

Managing SSL Keys and Certificates 207

Regenerate Management Server Key and Certificate 207

Import Management Server Key and Certificate 208

Edit Management Server Certificate 209

Regenerate DB Name Server Key and Certificate 209

Import DB Name Server Key and Certificate 210

Edit DB Name Server Certificate 210

Regenerate DBVM Key and Certificate 211

Import DBVM Key and Certificate 211

Edit DBVM Certificate 212

20

Data Director Troubleshooting 213

vCenter Server Stops Responding 213

Disk Usage Exceeds Acceptable Levels 214

Resource Bundles Become Unusable Because DRS Is Disabled 214

Missing Resource Pool 214

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Troubleshooting for SSL Communication 215

Database Cannot Be Connected Using the JDBC Connection String 216

Unable to Import or Login Users of the Single Sign-On Service 217

Index 219

Contents

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About VMware vFabric Data Director

Administrator and User Guide

The VMware vFabric Data Director Administrator and User Guide describes the features of VMware

®

vFabric Data

Director.

VMware vFabric Data Director is an enterprise class database-as-a-service (DBaaS) solution on VMware

vSphere that provides self-service lifecycle management for heterogeneous databases. The solution includes

the following features.

n

Database creation, cloning, backup, and restore.

n

Flexible, policy-based resource management.

n

Resource isolation within organizations and within databases.

n

Security policy implementation through role-based access control.

n

Database ingestion.

Self-service database lifecycle management enables administrators to create databases, manage schemas,

configure backups, perform restores, clone databases for testing and development, scale up database sizes,

and decommission databases. Administrators can assign permissions to perform these functions to others,

such as application developers, QA (test), and production engineers.

Customizable templates for database configuration and backups simplifies database creation and resource

allocation, enabling administrators to control database parameters and enforce resource allocation policies.

Administrators perform the following types of tasks.

n

Create organizations and database groups.

n

Allocate resources.

n

Create database templates.

n

Create, clone, backup and restore databases.

n

Monitor the Data Director environment.

Administrators also manage users and roles by assigning various permissions to enable users to perform

specific database management tasks.

Intended Audience

This document is for administrators any user to whom an administrator might grant database permissions.

n

System administrators use this document to learn how to manage and monitor a Data Director

environment.

n

Organization administrators use this document to learn how to manage and monitor database groups and

databases.

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n

Application developers use this document to learn how to create, manage and monitor databases.

n

Application developers, QA and production engineers, and others use this document to learn how to

perform functions for which they have been granted permissions.

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VMware vFabric Data Director

Overview 1

VMware vFabric Data Director is a software solution that powers Database-as-a-service in your cloud. It

enables you to implement database-aware virtualization on vSphere and provides self-service lifecycle

management for heterogeneous databases.

This chapter includes the following topics:

n

“Data Director System Architecture,” on page 11

n

“VMware Data Director Components,” on page 12

n

“Data Director User Management Modes,” on page 12

n

“About Data Director Administration,” on page 13

n

“Data Director Supported Databases,” on page 14

Data Director System Architecture

vFabric Data Director automates deployment, management, and governance of thousands of databases and

enables policy-based self-service database management for application developers.

Data Director supports the following databases.

n

Oracle 11gR2 Enterprise and Standard editions.

n

Oracle 10gR2 Enterprise and Standard editions.

n

Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Enterprise and Standard editions.

n

Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 Enterprise and Standard editions.

n

MySQL 5.5.27

n

vFabric Postgres 9.1 and 9.2.3 a VMware vSphere optimized relational database based on PostgreSQL.

Data Director provides flexible, policy-based resource management at the system level, and isolation at the

organization and database level. Data Director system administrators can implement security policies through

role-based access control to restrict system access to authorized users. System administrators use database

templates to guarantee corporate compliance to standardization, and carry out important database lifecycle

management tasks such as provisioning, backup, snapshots, point-in-time recovery, cloning, updating,

monitoring, and so on.

Database administrators and authorized users can configure databases by using customizable parameters.

Resource and backup templates simplify database creation. After an administrator assigns appropriate

permissions, users can create databases and allocate resources to them. Users can schedule backups, perform

restores, and clone databases to use in testing and development environments. They can scale up databases

according to system needs, and decommission databases when they are no longer required.

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VMware Data Director Components

The Data Director hierarchy consists of organizations, each with its own discrete database groups and

databases. Currently supported databases include vFabric Postgres, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle.

System administrators perform management tasks at the system level, which is the top level of the hierarchy.

To edit system-level settings you must have system privileges, but having system privileges does not

automatically allow you to make changes at the other levels.

A system can contain multiple organizations, each with multiple database groups. A database group can

contain multiple databases. You can create database groups only within organizations. Databases can exist

only within database groups.

Figure 1-1. Data Director System Hierarchy

System administrators manage Data Director resources at the system and organization levels. System

administrators create resource bundles from vSphere resource pools (CPU and memory resources) and storage

and network resources, and allocate one or more resource bundles to each organization.

Organization administrators assign resources from the given resource bundles to database groups for

consumption by databases.

Data Director User Management Modes

Data Director user management modes control how users are assigned and managed among different

organizations. Data Director has two user management modes: Global mode (for enterprises) and By

Organization mode (for service providers). Global user management mode is the default.

User management mode must be set to By Organization for VMware vCloud Director integration. See

“Organization Structure,” on page 77.

By Organization user management mode has the following characteristics.

n

Organizations are set up as separate, isolated enterprises with no visibility into other organizations.

n

The Data Director system user list is not visible to organizations.

n

No organization can see another organization's user list.

n

Organization administrators send email to invite users to join their organization, or register users directly.

n

Users can navigate to the Data Director web console URL and register for an account, pending approval

from the organization administrator.

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Global user management mode has the following characteristics.

n

Organizations are set up as separate departments, business units, or groups within one enterprise, such

as a corporation's HR and Finance departments.

n

All Data Director users are visible to all organizations within Data Director.

n

Organization administrators grant access to users to the organization or grant access directly from the

system user list.

n

Users can navigate to the Data Director web console URL and register for an account, pending approval

from the organization administrator.

About Data Director Administration

Data Director system administrators perform Data Director administration on the system level. Organization

administrators perform Data Director administration on the organization level.

You create the initial account for the Data Director system administrator during Data Director setup. That

system administrator creates the system resource bundle, base database virtual machines (base DBVMs), and

base database templates.

By default, users do not have roles or permissions and cannot access any organizations. Organization

administrators assign roles and permissions to users and grant them access to specific organizations.

System administrators perform system-level operations for Data Director or for an entire organization. System

administrators perform the following tasks.

Table 1-1. System-Level Operations

Operation Type Examples

Resource management operations

n

Creating and managing the system resource bundle.

n

Creating and managing resource bundles.

n

Creating and managing database virtual machines (DBVMs).

n

Managing base database templates.

n

Assigning base database templates to resource bundles.

n

Assigning resource bundles to organizations.

n

Creating and managing resource templates.

n

Creating and managing backup templates.

User and organization

management operations

n

Creating system users.

n

Creating system administrators.

n

Creating organizations.

n

Creating organization administrators.

n

Designating existing users as organization administrators.

Organization administrators perform organization-level operations within their organizations. Organization

administrators perform the following tasks.

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Table 1-2. Organization-Level Operations

Operation Type Examples

Resource management operations

n

Creating database groups.

n

Enabling base database templates in resource bundles.

n

Creating resource templates.

n

Creating backup templates.

n

Allocating resources to database groups within the organization.

User management operations

n

Creating and managing organization users.

n

Granting organization access to existing Data Director users.

n

Assigning organization roles to users in the organization.

n

Creating and managing organization roles and granting roles to

organization user.

n

Defining organization permissions and granting permissions to

organization users.

By default, Data Director system administrators do not have access to organizations. Organization

administrators have access to only their own organization. They can create organization users and can grant

access to existing Data Director users.

Data Director system administrators can create users, but only organization administrators can grant those

users access to organizations.

Data Director Supported Databases

Data Director supports self-service database provisioning and automation through a web interface and

compatible client tools and drivers.

Data Director supports the following databases.

n

“VMware vFabric Postgres Databases,” on page 15

n

“Oracle Databases,” on page 15

n

“Microsoft SQL Server Databases,” on page 15

n

“MySQL Databases,” on page 17

Database administrators and application developers administer databases within their organizations.

Database administration includes the following tasks.

n

Creating databases and allocating resources to them.

n

Cloning databases.

n

Managing database users, roles, privileges, and permissions.

n

Maintenance such as performing backups and restores.

n

Scaling up databases.

n

Updating databases.

n

Monitoring database usage and performance.

n

Monitoring database alarms.

n

Decommissioning databases.

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Oracle Databases

As a system administrator, you upload, test, and manage the Oracle base database templates that organization

administrators, DBAs, and application developers use to create Oracle databases.

The recommended practice for using Oracle with Data Director is to set up a dedicated vSphere ESXi cluster

for hosting Oracle resources, including operating system, Oracle database server, and client tools. You create

Oracle base database virtual machines (DBVMs) using the dedicated Oracle resources in vSphere, then upload

the DBVMs to Data Director to use as database templates.

Data Director supports the following Oracle versions.

n

Oracle 11gR2 on SUSE, RHEL, or Oracle Linux.

n

Oracle 10gR2 on SUSE, RHEL, or Oracle Linux.

VMware vFabric Postgres Databases

Data Director provides self-service database provisioning and automation with vFabric Postgres databases.

vFabric Postgres is built on the open source Postgres database.

vFabric Postgres is compatible with pSQL and the PostgreSQL tools and client drivers. vFabric Postgres

databases are fully compliant with ACID and ANSI SQL. The ACID properties, Atomicity, Consistency,

Isolation, and Durability, guarantee that database transactions are processed reliably.

For information about the Postgres database features for Data Director, see the Using VMware vFabric Postgres

for Data Director.

Microsoft SQL Server Databases

As a Data Director system administrator you upload and manage the SQL Server base database templates that

organization administrators, DBAs, and application developers use to provision SQL Server databases.

Use SQL Server with Data Director to set up a dedicated vSphere ESXi cluster for hosting SQL Server resources,

including operating system, SQL Server database server, and client tools. You create SQL Server base database

virtual machines (DBVMs) using the dedicated SQL Server resources in vSphere, and upload the DBVMs to

Data Director to use as database templates from which you can provision SQL Server databases.

Data Director supports the following SQL Server versions.

n

SQL Server 2012 Enterprise and Standard editions.

n

SQL Server 2008 R2 Enterprise and Standard editions.

About Provisioning SQL Server Databases

Data Director supports the creation of a stand-alone SQL Server instance using the default (unnamed) instance

or a named instance. The default instance name is the same as the host name. You can have only one default

instance per virtual machine.

NOTE A SQL Server instance is either an unnamed instance or a named instance. When SQL Server is installed

as an unnamed instance, it does not require a client to specify the name of the instance to make a connection.

The client only has to know the server name. A named instance is identified by the network name of the

computer plus the instance name that you specify during installation. The client must specify both the server

name and the instance name when connecting. By default, SQL Server installs as an unnamed instance unless

you specify an instance name.

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The Data Director provisioning process prepares and configures the SQL Server software as described in the

following list.

n

The SQL Server DBVM can join an existing Windows domain during provisioning. You must provide a

Windows Active Directory credential with sufficient privileges to join the domain. If a SQL Server DBVM

joins a domain, Windows authentication is the authentication method. The user-supplied domain account

is added to the sysadmin role of the SQL Server instance.

n

If the DBVM does not join a domain, Data Director uses mixed authentication, and prompts for the SQL

Server System Administrator (SA) password.

n

No user databases are created when provisioning within Data Director.

About SQL Server Snapshot Backups

Data Director supports manually initiated, snapshot backups with SQL Server DBVMs. You cannot use

automatic, external, or point-in-time recovery (PITR) backups when using a SQL Server a DBVM.

If you create a snapshot backup of a SQL Server DBVM, then change the configuration properties of the DBVM

and try to recover from the now out-of-date (or un-synchronized) snapshot, the virtual machine may become

unstable, or the configuration values displayed in the Data Director interface for the SQL Server DBVM may

not be accurate.

Also, snapshot backups may decrease the I/O performance of a SQL Server DBVM.

For these reasons VMware recommends that you only use snapshots as a temporary backup solution, and that

you maintain them for a limited amount of time. You can use snapshot backups before performing system

maintenance, such as applying patches to the operating system or database software, or performing database

operations that may cause a loss of data. When you have successfully completed the maintenance or data

changing tasks, delete the snapshot backup.

See “Snapshot Backups,” on page 151 and “Create a Database Snapshot,” on page 155.

Data Director Support for SQL Server

You can provision new, empty SQL Server databases using Data Director. To learn more about creating a SQL

Server database, see “Create an Empty SQL Server Database,” on page 105.

The following Data Director features are not available for use with SQL Server. When managing SQL Server

databases the user interface controls for these features are not available in the Data Director administration

console.

n

Database cloning.

n

Adding databases to the organization catalog.

n

Database ingestion.

n

Use of IP whitelists.

n

Changing disk size.

n

DBVM reporting.

n

Editing database resources.

n

Adding database owners.

n

Base DB template validation.

n

Upgrading.

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MySQL Databases

As a Data Director system administrator you upload and manage MySQL base database templates that

organization administrators, DBAs, and application developers use to provision MySQL databases.

Use MySQL with Data Director to set up a dedicated vSphere ESXi cluster for hosting MySQL resources,

including operating system, MySQL database server, and client tools. You create MySQL base database virtual

machines (DBVMs) using the dedicated resources in vSphere, and upload the DBVMs to Data Director to use

as database templates from which you can provision MySQL databases.

Data Director supports MySQL Community Edition 5.5.27.

Data Director Support for MySQL

The following Data Director features are not available for use with MySQL. When managing MySQL databases

the user interface controls for these features are not available in the Data Director administration console.

n

Provision a database by ingestion.

n

Schema only clone.

n

Import or regenerate SSL keys.

n

Connection string to identify a DB Name server.

n

Performance monitoring and database statistics.

n

Alarms alerting you to MySQL specific thresholds and problems.

n

Upgrading and patching.

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Managing Data Director Resources 2

System administrators manage CPU, memory, storage, and networking resources, as well as system-wide

database and backup configuration templates. Organization administrators manage resources for database

groups and for databases and enable database templates for their organizations.

This chapter includes the following topics:

n

“Resource Management Overview,” on page 19

n

“Resource Bundles and Resource Pools,” on page 20

n

“Storage Resources and Data Director,” on page 21

n

“System Resource Bundle,” on page 22

n

“Resource Assignment,” on page 23

n

“vSphere Resource Pools and Data Director,” on page 24

n

“Viewing Resource Information,” on page 26

n

“Create the System Resource Pool,” on page 26

n

“Create the System Resource Bundle,” on page 27

n

“Monitor Resource Usage,” on page 28

n

“Create a Resource Pool,” on page 28

n

“Create a Resource Bundle,” on page 29

n

“Assign a Resource Bundle to an Organization,” on page 31

n

“Perform Advanced Cluster Configuration,” on page 31

Resource Management Overview

System administrators allocate resources to organizations. These virtual resources come directly from the

physical resources of the cluster on which Data Director runs. Organization administrators assign organization

resources to database groups and databases.

A vSphere cluster consists of several ESXi hosts that provide the physical CPU and memory resources for the

databases managed by Data Director. As part of installation, you create the cluster and enable vSphere High

Availability (HA) and vSphere Distributed Resource Management (DRS) for the cluster. Data Director can take

advantage of the vSphere HA and vSphere DRS functionality because Data Director runs on top of the cluster.

See the vSphere Availability and the vSphere Resource Management documentation for details.

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A Data Director resource bundle includes CPU, memory, storage, and networking resources. The CPU and

memory resources come from a resource pool in the vSphere cluster. The storage and networking resources

are assigned to Data Director during installation or at a later time. Data Director includes a set of VLANs to

carry different types of network traffic.

Data Director provides the following types of resource bundles.

n

System resource bundle. Data Director system administrators create one system resource bundle at the

Data Director system level. In addition to providing virtual resources, the system resource bundle contains

the database virtual machines (DBVMs) and base database templates that support creating and

provisioning databases. See “System Resource Bundle,” on page 22.

n

Resource bundle. Data Director system administrators create one or more resource bundles to provide

operating resources to organizations.

When system administrators create an organization, they can assign virtual resources to the organization as

resource bundles. When organization administrators create a database group, they assign virtual resources to

the database group. These virtual resources are backed by the physical resources of one or more clusters.

vSphere clusters provide failover protection and support efficient use of physical resources.

System administrators can assign resources when they create an organization (see “Create a Data Director

Organization,” on page 80) or assign resources to an existing organization (see “Assign a Resource Bundle

to an Organization,” on page 31). Organization administrators can assign resources when they create a

database group or assign resources to existing database groups.

NOTE If you chose the Express installation in the Data Director Setup wizard and enabled Create defaults, a

system resource bundle and Default resource bundle is already created. A Default organization and Default

database group is also created, and the Default resource bundle is assigned to the Default organization.

To help you specify the resources associated with a database template, Data Director includes a calculator that

computes the optimum resource configuration based on the anticipated usage patterns. When you create

databases from the template, the specified resources are allocated.

Resource Bundles and Resource Pools

A resource bundle is a set of compatible IT resources for provisioning databases. To assign the appropriate

amount of resources to each organization, system administrators create resource bundles and assign them to

organizations.

System administrators specify a resource pool and storage and networking resources when they create a

resource bundle.

NOTE If you deployed Data Director using the Express installation, and selected the Create defaults option

to specify resources, a Default resource bundle is created and assigned to a Default organization.

Resource Pool

All CPU and memory resources of a resource bundle come from a vSphere

resource pool that is created in the vSphere Client with reservation equal to

limit. See “Create a Resource Pool,” on page 28.

Storage Resources

Each resource bundle includes storage resources for the operating system,

database binary, data, log, and backup storage needs for each database virtual

machine that you create. The storage resources must be visible to all hosts that

use the resource bundle.

DB Access Networks

DB Access Networks provide communication for databases. A DB Access

Network corresponds to a vSphere port group. Each network must be visible

to all hosts that use the resource bundle. DHCP or IP Pool is required. See

Chapter 16, “IP Pool Management,” on page 191

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