Apple Motion 4 Operating instructions

Motion 4

User Manual

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Welcome to Motion13Preface

About Motion13

About the Motion Documentation14

Additional Resources14

About Motion and Motion Graphics15Chapter 1

General Motion Graphics Tools15

Tools and Techniques Specific to the Motion Application17

About Motion Projects18

The Motion Interface21Chapter 2

Workspace Overview22

Utility Window23

Toolbar44

Canvas53

Project Pane84

Timing Pane101

Window Arrangements128

HUD134

User Interface Controls137Chapter 3

Toolbar Controls138

Slider Controls138

Coordinate Controls139

Dial140

Value Field141

Activation Checkbox141

Menus141

Source Well142

Color Controls143

Gradient Controls146

Mini-Curve Editor156

Generic Inspector Controls158

Rasterization Indicator160

3

Contents

Motion Menus161Chapter 4

Application Menu161

File Menu162

Edit Menu164

Mark Menu166

Object Menu168

Favorites Menu171

View Menu171

Window Menu177

Help Menu179

Preferences181Chapter 5

General Pane182

Appearance Pane184

Project Pane186

Cache Pane189

Canvas Pane191

3D Pane193

Output Pane195

Presets Pane197

Gestures Pane202

Creating and Managing Projects205Chapter 6

Creating New Projects205

Managing Projects219

Browsing Media Files in Motion226

File Types Supported by Motion232

Adding Media to Your Project243

Managing Layers in Your Project248

Deleting Objects from a Project251

Exchanging Media in a Project252

Object Media Tab Parameters253

Using Media in the Library259

Organizing Groups and Layers in Motion264

Customizing and Creating New Templates280

Basic Compositing289Chapter 7

Compositing Workflow290

Group and Layer Order291

Transforming Objects and Layers293

2D Transform Tools296

Adjusting Object Properties in the Inspector312

4 Contents

Making Clone Layers317

Editing Opacity and Blending Parameters319

Drop Shadows343

Retiming345

Expose Commands349

Using the Timeline351Chapter 8

About the Timeline352

Timeline Layers List354

Adding Objects to the Timeline Layers List361

Adding Objects to the Track Area365

Editing Objects in the Timeline370

Working in the Ruler386

Adding Markers393

Using Behaviors399Chapter 9

Behavior Concepts399

Browsing for Behaviors403

Applying and Removing Behaviors404

Modifying Behaviors415

Working with Behaviors417

Changing the Timing of Behaviors423

Animating Behavior Parameters431

Saving and Sharing Custom Behaviors434

Basic Motion Behaviors437

Parameter Behaviors460

Retiming Behaviors489

Simulation Behaviors494

Additional Behaviors522

Behavior Examples522

Keyframes and Curves535Chapter 10

What Is Keyframing?536

Using the Record Button539

Applying Movement to a Clip541

Animating Filters545

Animating Behaviors546

Animation Menu549

The Reset Button551

Animating in the Timeline552

Modifying Keyframes in the Timeline553

Animating in the Keyframe Editor558

Filtering the Parameter List566

5Contents

Modifying Keyframes573

Modifying Curves581

Mini-Curve Editor591

Animating on the Fly593

Keyframe Thinning595

Working with Particles601Chapter 11

About Particle Systems602

Anatomy of a Particle System603

Using Particle Systems605

Creating Graphics and Animations for Particle Systems623

The Difference Between Emitter and Particle Cell Parameters625

Emitter and Cell Parameters628

Animating Objects in Particle Systems649

Viewing Animated Emitter Curves in the Keyframe Editor653

Using Masks with Particle Systems654

Applying Filters to Particle Systems655

Particle System Examples655

Saving Custom Particle Effects to the Library664

Using the Replicator665Chapter 12

Replicator Concepts666

Anatomy of a Replicator668

Getting Started with the Replicator672

Basic Replicator Parameters in the HUD680

Replicators and the Properties Tab684

Using the Replicator Onscreen Controls689

Advanced Replicator Controls692

Using Image and Geometry Objects722

Using Replicators in 3D Space724

Applying Masks to Replicators725

Animating Replicator Parameters727

Using the Sequence Replicator Behavior733

Using Behaviors with Replicators748

Applying Filters to Replicators750

Saving Custom Replicators to the Library751

Creating and Editing Text753Chapter 13

About Text in Motion754

Setting Motion Preferences for Text755

Adding Text756

Using the Text Tools768

About Fonts769

6 Contents

Editing Text in the Inspector772

Editing Text Format775

Text Controls in the Format Pane776

Text Format-Related Tasks779

Editing Text Style781

Text Controls in the Style Pane782

Text Style-Related Tasks789

Using and Creating Preset Text Styles808

Editing Text Layout812

Text Controls in the Layout Pane813

Text Layout-Related Tasks825

Text Margin and Tab-Related Tasks835

Working with Text Glyphs837

Adding Behaviors and Filters to Text844

Using the Text HUD845

Animating Text849Chapter 14

Text Animation and Text Sequence Behaviors850

Sequence Text Behavior853

Scroll Text Behavior876

Text Tracking Behavior879

Type On Behavior880

Preset Text Sequence Behaviors882

Saving a Modified Text Behavior to the Library888

Using Other Behaviors with Text889

Using Behaviors to Animate Text in 3D890

Animating Text with Keyframes891

Animating with the Adjust Glyph Tool893

Using LiveFonts895

Working with Generators901Chapter 15

About Generators901

Adding a Generator902

Modifying Generators903

Generator Parameters916

Text Generators939

Using Filters947Chapter 16

About Filters948

Browsing For and Previewing Filters948

Applying and Removing Filters949

Adjusting Filters952

Enabling, Renaming, and Locking Filters957

7Contents

Copying, Pasting, Moving and Duplicating Filters957

Reordering Filters959

Changing Filter Timing959

Blur Filters961

Border Filters972

Color Correction Filters974

Distortion Filters992

Glow Filters1014

Keying Filters1021

Matte Filters1027

Sharpen Filters1028

Stylize Filters1029

Tiling Filters1052

Time Filters1058

Video Filters1061

Using Shapes, Masks, and Paint Strokes1063Chapter 17

About Shapes, Masks, and Paint Strokes1064

The Difference Between Shapes, Paint Strokes, and Masks1065

Shape and Mask Drawing Tools1066

Creating and Editing Shapes1076

Adding Shapes from the Library1105

Shape Parameters1105

Shape Controls in the HUD1128

Creating Illustrations Using Multiple Shapes1129

Creating Holes and Transparency in Shapes1131

Applying Filters to Shapes1132

Animating Shapes1133

Shape Behaviors1133

Keyframing Shape Animation1151

Saving Shapes and Shape Styles1153

Using Masks to Create Transparency1157

Mask Parameters1170

Applying Image Masks to a Layer1174

Image Mask Parameters1177

Using Masks to Aid Keying Effects1178

Converting Between Shapes and Masks1182

Manipulating Alpha Channels Using Filters1184

3D Compositing1187Chapter 18

Real-World Coordinates1187

3D Transform Tools1189

3D Workspace and Views1199

8 Contents

Cameras1208

2D and 3D Group Intersection1221

Lighting1224

Shadows1231

Reflections1241

Motion Tracking1247Chapter 19

About Motion Tracking1248

How a Tracker Works1249

Motion Tracking Behaviors1250

Shape Track Points Behavior1252

Track Parameter Behavior1252

General Motion Tracking Workflow1252

Match Move Workflows1257

Using a Non-Match Move Four-Point Track for Corner-Pinning1271

Stabilize Workflow1274

Unstabilize Workflow1277

Track Points Workflow1278

Track Parameter Workflow1282

Adjusting the Onscreen Trackers1283

Strategies for Better Tracking1285

Tracking Behavior Parameters1304

Working with Audio1327Chapter 20

About Audio in Motion1327

Audio Files in Motion Projects1328

Working with Audio Tracks1337

Keyframing Level and Pan Changes1345

Crossfading Audio Tracks1347

Syncing Audio and Video Tracks1347

Retiming Audio1347

Using Markers with Audio1350

Audio Behaviors1350

Audio Parameter Behavior1353

Using Soundtrack Pro with Motion1357

Exporting Audio1358

Outputting Motion Projects1359Chapter 21

Exporting from Motion1359

Exporting an Audio File1367

Using Export Presets1367

Sharing Your Project1373

Exporting Portions of a Project1386

9Contents

About Rasterization1389Appendix A

Groups and Rasterization1389

Text and Rasterization1392

Shapes and Rasterization1393

Particles and Rasterization1393

Replicators and Rasterization1395

Filters and Rasterization1397

Shadows and Rasterization1399

Video and File Formats1401Appendix B

Supported File Formats1401

Standard Definition Versus High Definition Video Formats1404

Popular Video Codecs for File Exchange1408

What Is Field Order?1410

Using Square or Nonsquare Pixels When Creating Graphics1411

Differences in Color Between Computer and Video Graphics1413

Using Fonts and Creating Line Art for Video1413

Scaling Imported High-Resolution Graphics1414

Creating Graphics for HD Projects1414

Keyboard Shortcuts1417Appendix C

Enabling Traditional Function Keys on Mobile Macintosh Systems1418

General Interface Commands1419

Motion Menu1420

File Menu1421

Edit Menu1421

Mark Menu1422

Object Menu1423

View Menu1424

Window Menu1426

Help Menu1427

Audio Editor1427

Audio Tab1427

View Tools1428

Create Tools1429

Mask Tools1432

Transport Controls1434

View Options1434

Miscellaneous1436

HUD1436

File Browser1437

Inspector1437

10 Contents

Keyframe Editor1438

Layers1438

Library1439

Media Tab1440

Timeline Editing and Navigating1440

Keyframing Commands1442

Shape and Mask Commands1442

Toolbar1443

3D Commands1444

Using the Command Editor1445

Working with Final Cut Pro1453Appendix D

Using Motion with Final Cut Pro1453

Rendering Motion Projects for Use in Final Cut Pro1458

Using Motion Templates in Final Cut Pro1458

Master Templates in Final Cut Pro1462

Obsolete Text Behaviors1467Appendix E

Using the Sequence Text Behavior (Motion 3.0.2 and Earlier)1467

Sequence Text Controls1472

Using the Sequence Text Custom Behavior Option (Motion 3.0.2 and Earlier)1477

Preset Text Sequence Behaviors (Motion 3.0.2 and Earlier)1479

Using the Crawl and Scroll Behaviors (Motion 3.0.2 and Earlier)1486

Using Gestures1489Appendix F

Configuring Gesture Setup1489

Wacom Settings1491

Using Gestures1492

11Contents

Motion is a behavior-driven motion graphics application that allows you to create stunning

imaging effects for a wide variety of broadcast, video, and film projects.

This preface covers the following:

• About Motion (p. 13)

• About the Motion Documentation (p. 14)

• Additional Resources (p. 14)

About Motion

Motion lets you create sophisticated moving images and other visual effects on the fly

and in real time. Simply drag one of Motion’s built-in behaviors (such as Spin or Throw)

or filters (such as Glow or Strobe) onto an object in the Canvas and watch your composition

spring to life—twirling, zipping across the screen, pulsing with luminescence, or any of

hundreds of other effects.

You can also animate the traditional way, using keyframes, but Motion behaviors give

you instant feedback, so you can sit with your clients, art directors, or friends and

interactively design a motion graphics project on your desktop. You want a title to fade

in, do a little shimmy, and then slide out of view? Simply click Play, then drag the Fade,

Random Motion, and Gravity behaviors onto the title in the Canvas—no preview rendering

time is necessary.

Whether you need simple text effects like lower-thirds and credit rolls, a complex motion

graphics project for a show intro or television commercial, or more advanced image

manipulation techniques to stabilize footage or composite green screen effects, Motion

has a flexible tool set to meet your motion graphics needs.

13

Welcome to Motion

Preface

About the Motion Documentation

The Motion 4 User Manual (this document) contains detailed information about the Motion

interface, commands, and menus and gives step-by-step instructions for creating Motion

projects and for accomplishing specific tasks. It is written for users of all levels of

experience.

Additional Resources

Along with the documentation that comes with Motion, there are a variety of resources

you can use to find out more about the application.

Motion Website

For general information and updates as well as the latest news about Motion, go to:

• http://www.apple.com/finalcutstudio/motion

Apple Service and Support Websites

For software updates and answers to the most frequently asked questions for all Apple

products, go to the general Apple Support webpage:

• http://www.apple.com/support

For software updates, documentation, discussion forums, and answers to the most

frequently asked questions for Motion, go to:

• http://www.apple.com/support/motion

To get more information on third-party tools, resources, and user groups, go to:

• http://www.apple.com/finalcutstudio/resources

To provide comments and feedback about Motion, go to:

• http://www.apple.com/feedback/motion.html

For discussion forums for all Apple products, where you can search for an answer, post

a question, or answer other users’ questions, go to:

• http://discussions.apple.com

For more information on the Apple Pro Training Program, go to:

• http://www.apple.com/software/pro/training

14 Preface Welcome to Motion

Motion graphics is a type of visual effects work most commonly associated with title

sequences and show openers, bumpers and interstitials, and interface design like DVD

menus. It is also frequently used in technical settings for simulations of moving systems

such as traffic patterns or scientific models.

Motion graphics usually incorporates multiple objects onscreen simultaneously and is

typically governed by design considerations and a strong sense of visual impact.

Sophisticated motion graphics artists often combine traditional layout and design

techniques with tools borrowed from special effects work such as keying, masking,

compositing, and particle systems to create dynamic moving designs.

This chapter covers the following:

• General Motion Graphics Tools (p. 15)

• Tools and Techniques Specific to the Motion Application (p. 17)

• About Motion Projects (p. 18)

General Motion Graphics Tools

The tools commonly used for motion graphics fall into several categories.

Design Tools

Graphic designers have been using software to facilitate their work for many years. Motion

has incorporated many of the most valuable tools commonly found in layout and design

applications, including guides, alignment, and direct manipulation for positioning,

transforming, and distorting layers. Motion also contains some of the most flexible and

sophisticated tools for creating and handling text elements. This is especially important

because text is such a critical component of motion graphics design.

15

About Motion and Motion

Graphics

1

Timing Tools

The principal difference between traditional design and motion graphics design is that

motion graphics design is time-based. Motion graphics artists are concerned with creating

a well-composed and readable layout that can be manipulated over time. Motion provides

a Timeline that contains tools usually found in a video editing application (such as tools

for trimming, setting markers, slipping, and snapping) to allow a motion graphics artist

to hone and compose the temporal aspects of a kinetic project.

Motion also supports audio files, including basic audio mixing, so you can create a

soundtrack for your project and make timing decisions based upon the audio as well as

visual components. You can animate layers, filters, behaviors, and other elements to

create elegant and precise compositions. Furthermore, you can smoothly retime your

footage using optical flow technology, or apply Retiming behaviors to clips for some

funky effects such as stutter and flash frames.

2D and 3D Compositing Tools

Any time you have more than one layer onscreen simultaneously, you must employ some

version of compositing to combine the elements. This might mean moving the layers

onscreen so they don’t overlap, adjusting the layers’ opacities so they are partly visible,

or incorporating blend modes that mix the overlapping images in a variety of ways.

Compositing is fundamental to motion graphics work. Fortunately, Motion makes it easier

than ever before, allowing you to control layer and group order, lock and group layers,

and apply more than 25 different blending options to create unique effects.

You can also mix 2D and 3D groups in a single project. This allows you to do basic

compositing with some elements of your project and complex 3D animations with other

elements.

Special Effects Tools

You can further enhance your motion graphics projects by employing many of the same

tools used in movies to combine dinosaurs with live actors, sink luxury liners in the ocean,

or create space battles. Motion provides many of these tools such as keying (to isolate an

object shot against a solid-colored background), masking (to hide wires or other objects

that should not be seen in the final image), and particle systems (to simulate natural

phenomena such as smoke, fire, and water). Motion can be used to create special effects

shots like these, but its real power is in integrating these tools with the design and editing

tools described above.

16 Chapter 1 About Motion and Motion Graphics

Tools and Techniques Specific to the Motion Application

As the field of motion graphics design has evolved, the tool sets in the most common

applications have grown, but Motion takes a completely fresh approach to the task. It

incorporates the cutting edge of software design and takes advantage of the latest

powerful Apple hardware. And while it does include the tools and techniques artists have

grown accustomed to, it also incorporates a streamlined and new set of tools called

behaviors that make previously complex procedures as simple as dragging and dropping.

A tool called the replicator creates a customizable pattern from copies of a layer, quickly

creating complex design effects that would take hours to build in other applications.

Flexible paint and shape tools allow you to add or create shapes that are drawn on the

Canvas over time.

Behaviors

The Motion behaviors simplify the most common tasks such as scaling, fading, and moving

elements. Behaviors also allow you to create complex 2D or 3D interactions such as Edge

Collision (making elements bounce off of designated boundaries) or Attractor effects

(giving one element a gravitational pull on surrounding elements). And because text is

such a critical element of motion graphics work, Motion includes more than 140 behaviors

specifically designed for text elements that treat individual letters uniquely while

simultaneously affecting the entire text layer in which they reside.

Heads-Up Display (HUD)

Motion uses a special floating window called the heads-up display, referred to as the HUD,

to provide at-your-fingertips access to your most frequently used parameters. The HUD

changes dynamically, depending on what is selected. The HUD also provides access to

unique visual controls for some of the behaviors.

The HUD also allows you to quickly add behaviors to specific parameters of an object.

These Parameter behaviors allow you to affect a single aspect of an object (its position,

scale, or opacity, for example) rather than the object as a whole.

Real-Time Feedback

With the right hardware configuration, nearly every effect and adjustment you make can

be viewed in real time. This means that you can watch how the various elements of your

composition interact as you modify them. Not only does this mean less waiting time

while the computer converts your various clicks and drags into a viewable movie, it means

that you can interact with your creation in a more fluid and engaging way. Rather than

making a set of assumptions and then waiting to see how they turn out, you can

immediately see how your ideas work, then make adjustments on the fly.

Real-time feedback turns the act of designing a motion graphics sequence into an act of

exploration and discovery, which is the way most artists prefer to create. Motion provides

not just a new set of brushes for the motion graphics artist, but a whole new type of work

environment.

17Chapter 1 About Motion and Motion Graphics

Mouse and Keyboard Shortcut Considerations

If you have a two- or three-button mouse connected to your computer, you can right-click

to access the same controls specified by the Control-click commands in the user

documentation (for example, Control-click the Toolbar, then choose Customize Toolbar

from the shortcut menu). If you are working on a MacBook or MacBook Pro, keep in mind

that some keyboard shortcuts may require you to use the Function key (Fn—next to the

Control key) in conjunction with the keys specified in the user documentation. For more

information about keyboard shortcuts in Motion, see Keyboard Shortcuts.

About Motion Projects

In Motion, you create 2D or 3D motion graphics and compositing projects with imported

images (such as Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator files), image sequences, QuickTime movies,

audio files, as well as objects created within Motion. These objects include text, masks,

shapes, particles, paint strokes, and so on.

A Motion project is made up of groups that contain layers. All media imported into Motion,

or elements created within a project, are referred to as layers. A layer must live within a

group. The group acts as a “parent” to its layers. You can select multiple layers within a

group to create a nested group. A group can be 2D or 3D. For more information on layer

and group basics, see Transforming Objects and Layers.

Cameras and lights can be added to projects. When a camera is added to a project, you

have the option to switch the project to 3D mode or to remain in 2D mode (unless the

project is empty or completely 2D, in which case it is automatically switched to 3D mode).

2D groups can exist in a 3D project. A 2D group can be nested in a 3D group. A 3D group

can be nested in a 2D group. Once a 3D group is nested in a 2D group, the group is

flattened. This means that the nested 3D group acts like a flat card and ignores the camera.

In addition, the flattened group does not intersect with layers of the 2D group or other

groups in the project. For more information on working in 3D, see 3D Compositing.

Any transforms, filters, or behaviors that are applied to a group are applied to the layers

within the group. If you move or apply a filter or behavior to a group, all layers within

that group are affected. You can also apply filters and behaviors to the individual layers

within a group.

A filter is a process that changes the appearance of an image. For example, a blur filter

takes an input image and outputs a blurred version of that image. For more information

on using filters, see Using Filters.

A behavior is a process that applies a value range to an object’s parameters, creating an

animation based on the affected parameters. For example, the Spin behavior rotates an

object over time at a rate that you specify. For more information on using behaviors, see

Using Behaviors.

18 Chapter 1 About Motion and Motion Graphics

Groups and layers can be moved and animated by using behaviors or by setting keyframes.

Filters can also be animated.

A project represents a single flow of image data built from the bottom up. In a composite

with a single group, the layers within that group are stacked above one another. Filters

and behaviors that are applied to a layer appear beneath the object in the Layers tab.

The group represents the image that results from its combined layers and their applied

behaviors, filters, and composite modes (blend modes). For more information on building

projects, see Creating and Managing Projects. For more information on basic compositing,

see Basic Compositing.

In a simple example, a group contains a single image with applied color correction and

blur filters (in that order). The image provides the input data to the color correction filter.

The output data of the color correction is the input data for the blur filter. The group

represents the result of that image data flow. Groups and layers are also stacked one

above the other in a project—the output of the lower layer is the input to the layer above

it in the list.

When working in 3D mode, a layer that is below another layer in the Layers tab can appear

above that layer in the Canvas if its Z position is closer to the camera. You can force the

layers to respect their order in the Layers tab by selecting the Layer Order checkbox in

the Group tab of the Inspector.

19Chapter 1 About Motion and Motion Graphics

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