Motorola Vanguard 100 User manual

Motorola

Vanguard Applications Ware

IP and LAN Feature Protocols

Vanguard Router Basics

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Part No. T0100-01, Rev B

Publication Code: KP

First Printing: November 1998

Manual is current for Release 5.4 of Vanguard Applications Ware.

Contents

v

Vanguard Router Basics

Chapter 1. Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols

IP and LAN Protocol Support ...................................................................... 1-2

Physical LAN Connectivity ..................................................................... 1-3

LAN Forwarding Options ........................................................................ 1-4

Network Layer - Routing ......................................................................... 1-5

RFC ............................................................................................................... 1-7

Chapter 2. Vanguard Routing Model

Functional Overview of the Vanguard Router Model .................................. 2-2

IP Forwarder ................................................................................................. 2-3

WAN Adapter ............................................................................................... 2-4

LCON Encapsulation ............................................................................... 2-6

Codex Proprietary Encapsulation ............................................................. 2-7

RFC1294 Multiprotocol Encapsulation ................................................... 2-8

RFC877 Multiprotocol Encapsulation ..................................................... 2-9

RFC1356 Multiprotocol Encapsulation ................................................... 2-10

LAN Connection Encapsulation Examples .............................................. 2-11

WAN Port ..................................................................................................... 2-13

WANView and LANView ............................................................................ 2-14

WANView - Point to Point LCON ............................................................... 2-16

LANView of the WAN - Group LCONs ...................................................... 2-17

LANView Examples ................................................................................ 2-21

RTP/UDP/IP Header Compression ............................................................... 2-25

How RTP/UDP/IP Compression and Decompression Occurs ................. 2-28

Using Bridging Routers to Connect LANs and Networks ........................... 2-31

Chapter 3. Configuring a Vanguard Router

Configuration ................................................................................................ 3-2

Example WANView Configuration - Point-to-Point LCONs .................. 3-5

Example LAN View Configuration - Group LCONs .............................. 3-7

Configure LAN Connections ........................................................................ 3-9

LAN Connection Parameters Menu ......................................................... 3-10

Configuring LAN Connection Table ........................................................ 3-11

LAN Connection Table Record Parameters ............................................. 3-16

vi

Contents (continued)

Chapter 4. LAN Connection Statistics

Using LAN Connection Statistics ................................................................. 4-2

LAN Connection Statistics ....................................................................... 4-3

LAN Connection Summary Statistics ...................................................... 4-8

RTP/UDP/IP Compression Statistics ....................................................... 4-9

LAN Connection Group Statistics ............................................................ 4-12

Index

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN

Feature Protocols

Overview

Introduction This chapter introduces the key features and protocols supported by the Vanguard IP

Applications Ware. You will find a summary of the major Request for Comments

(RFCs) supported by Vanguard IP Applications Ware.

1-2 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols

IP and LAN Protocol Support

Introduction Motorola’s Vanguard Applications Ware support a wide option of LAN and Internet

Protocol functionality and options. Figure 1-1 lists some of the functionality

supported by the Vanguard IP Applications Ware.

Figure 1-1. Vanguard IP Protocol Support

Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

Transport Layer

Application Layer

Ethernet (802.3) Token Ring (802.5)

Bridging

Internet Protocol (IP)

OSPF DVMRP

ICMP

TCP

SNMP

TELNET

RIP

BOOTP

UDP

IPX

Appletalk

Frame Relay, PPP, X.25, ISDN, SMDS,

Multilink PPP

Slim IP SoTCP

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-3

T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4

IP and LAN Protocol Support

Physical LAN Connectivity

Introduction The Vanguard products offer serial interfaces for connection to Ethernet and Token

Ring LAN.

Ethernet 802.3 Vanguard Ethernet functionality complies with the IEEE 802.3 specifications and

provides Transparent Bridging to transport many different protocols over the Wide

Area Network (WAN) to remote destinations. Supported protocols include:

• Novell Netware

•DECnet

• Banyan Vines

Token Ring 802.5 Vanguard Token Ring LAN functionality complies with the IEEE 802.5

specifications and provides Source Route Bridging to transport many different

protocols over the Wide Area Network (WAN) to a remote destination. Some of the

supported protocols include:

• Novell NetWare

• SDLC Cluster Controller

• IBM PC LAN

• NetBIOS

• IBM 3270 Emulation 3.0

• IBM APPC

See the IEEE 802.5 specification for additional details on Token Ring functionality.

1-4 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols

IP and LAN Protocol Support

LAN Forwarding Options

Introduction The Vanguard products supports three forwarding options for carry traffic and

interconnecting LANs. The Vanguard can act as a:

•Bridge

•Router

• Bridge Router (BRouter)

Bridging

Bridges work at the Data Link layer providing connectionless service.

Vanguard

products support bridging of data traffic for Token Ring and Ethernet LANs.

Bridging LAN traffic minimizes your networking costs by eliminating the need for

redundant networks and maximizes the availability of dedicated facilities such as

servers and printers, as well as public Frame Relay and X.25 services, across

multiple LANs. The Vanguard supports these types of bridging

• Translational Bridging

• Source Route Bridging for Token Ring

• Transparent Bridging

Routing Router interconnect network segments and transport data across an network from a

source to a destination. Routers store and forward data in an network regardless of

network topology.

Routers operate at the Network layer and, therefore, offer some

flexibility in choosing several network level services.

Bridge Routing When configured as a bridging router, the Vanguard supports both bridging and

routing within the same node concurrently. The Vanguard provide bridging router

functions including

• Routing packets if a specific routing protocol is globally enabled.

• Filtering packets if you configure specific protocol filters.

• Bridging packets if they are not routed or filtered. In this case, they are

forwarded according to their destination MAC address.

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-5

T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4

IP and LAN Protocol Support

Network Layer - Routing

Introduction This section highlights routing features and protocols supported by the Vanguard IP

Applications Ware.

Internet Protocol

(IP) Routing

The Internet Protocol is a connectionless packet delivery protocol that performs

addressing, delivery, processing and control for transporting data packets over a

network.

Motorola’s implementation of IP Routing supports these protocol and features:

• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

• RIP version 1 and version 2 (Routing Information Protocol)

• On Demand RIP

• OSPF

• Default Gateway and Default Subnet Gateway

• IP Broadcast Handling

• IP Multicast Routing - IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) and

DVMRP support

• IP Address Filtering and Access Control

• ICMP Router Discovery

• Proxy Routing

• Network Address Translation (NAT)

• Class Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) for OSPF and static routes

In addition, Motorola IP implementation also offers bandwidth management

solutions to maximize network performance and availability. These solutions offer:

• Dial on demand routing

• IP load balancing

• Bandwidth on demand

• Data compression

• Bandwidth allocation

• Time of Day link control

• Traffic and Protocol prioritization

OSPF The Vanguard supports Open Short Path First Protocol (OSPF) defined by RFC 1583

version 2. OSPF is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) used to distribute information

among routers belonging to an autonomous system (AS). Vanguard implementation

of OSPF offers:

• TOS routing - Packet routing based on Type of Service (TOS)

• Variable Length Subnet Masks — Lets you break an IP address into variable

size subnets, conserving IP address space.

• Routing authentication — Provides additional routing security

• CIDR - Classless Interdomain Routing

• IP subnetting and the tagging of externally derived routing information. It

uses IP multicast when sending or receiving packets.

1-6 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols

IP and LAN Protocol Support

SLIM IP Slim Internet Protocol (SIP) is a subset of the IP protocol. SIP is available on the

Vanguard 100, Vanguard 200, Vanguard 6520, and Vanguard 6560. You can install

SIP when the Vanguard needs only the IP functions to communicate between an

SNMP Manager and the internal SNMP Agent. The device does not need to know

how to forward IP traffic. SIP terminates within the Vanguard devices.

SoTCP SoTCP is a proprietary protocol that allows a Vanguard to encapsulate and transport

serial protocols over the IP network. This feature allows terminal and host devices

operating serial protocols to connect and communicate with each other over an IP

network. This provides a cost-effective alternative to X.25 WAN connection.

IPX The Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol is the network layer protocol used

in Novell NetWare networks. Vanguard products can serve as IPX routers to

interconnect PC workstations with any Novell server in a LAN/WAN internetwork.

Appletalk The Vanguard supports AppleTalk routing over Ethernet LANs. AppleTalk is a

routable protocol that comprises several protocols developed by Apple Computer for

intercomputer communication.

Protocol Priority The Vanguard supports prioritization of IP, IPX, Appletalk, Voice over IP, and

transparent bridging traffic so that WAN bandwidth is shared effectively between

them.

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-7

T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4

RFC

Introduction The Vanguard IP Applications Ware adheres to global industry standards defined by

IETF and IEEE.

RFCs Supported by

Vanguard

This table lists some of the RFCs supported by Vanguard IP Applications Ware.

RFC Description

768 User Datagram Protocol.

J. Postel. Aug-28-1980.

791 Internet Protocol.

J. Postel. Sep-01-1981.

792 Internet Control Message Protocol.

J. Postel. Sep-01-1981.

Note

Not all messages covered by RFC 792 are supported by

Vanguard Applications Ware.

793 Transmission Control Protocol.

J. Postel. Sep-01-1981.

826 An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol-or-Converting

network protocol addresses to 48.bit Ethernet Address for

Transmission on Ethernet hardware.

D.C. Plummer. Nov-01-1982.

877 Standard For The Transmission Of IP Datagrams Over Public

Data Networks.

J.t. Korb. Sep-01-1983.

919 Broadcasting Internet Datagrams.

J.C. Mogul. Oct-01-1984.

922 Broadcasting Internet datagrams in the presence of subnets.

J.C. Mogul. Oct-01-1984.

950 Internet Standard Subnetting Procedure.

J.C. Mogul, J. Postel. Aug-01-1985.

951 Bootstrap Protocol (BootP).

B. Croft, J. Gilmore. September 1985

1042 Standard For The Transmission Of IP Datagrams Over IEEE

802 Networks.

J. Postel, J.K. Reynolds. Feb-01-1988.

1058 RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information.

G. Malkin. January 1993.

1-8 Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols

RFC

1155 Structure And Identification Of Management Information For

TCP/IP-based Internets.

M.t. Rose, K. Mccloghrie. May-01-1990.

1157 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

J.D. Case, M. Fedor, M.L. Schoffstall, C. Davin. May-01-1990.

1209 Transmission Of IP Datagrams Over The SMDS Service.

D.m. Piscitello, J. Lawrence. Mar-01-1991.

1212 Concise MIB Definitions.

M.t. Rose, K. Mccloghrie. Mar-01-1991.

1213 Management Information Base For Network Management Of

TCP/IP-based Internets:MIB-II.

K. Mccloghrie, M.t. Rose. Mar-01-1991.

1231 IEEE 802.5 Token Ring MIB.

K. Mccloghrie, R. Fox, E. Decker. May-01-1991.

1256 ICMP Router Discovery Messages.

S. Deering. September 1991.

1286 Definitions Of Managed Objects For Bridges.

E. Decker, P. Langille, A. Rijsinghani, K. Mccloghrie.

December, 1991.

1294 Multiprotocol Interconnect Over Frame Relay.

T. Bradley, C. Brown, A. Malis. January 1992.

1315 Management Information Base for Frame Relay DTEs.

C. Brown, F. Baker, C. Carvalho. April 9, 1992.

1398 Definitions Of Managed Objects For The Ethernet-like Interface

Types.

F. Kastenholz. January 1993.

1490 Multiprotocol Interconnect Over Frame Relay.

T. Bradley, C. Brown, & A. Malis. July 1993.

1517 Applicability Statement For The Implementation Of Classless

Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR).

Internet Engineering Steering Group, R. Hinden. September

1993.

1518 An Architecture For IP Address Allocation With CIDR.

Y. Rekhter & T. Li. September 1993.

1519 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address

Assignment and Aggregation Strategy.

V. Fuller, T. Li, J. Yu, & K. Varadhan. September 1993.

1520 Exchanging Routing Information Across Provider Boundaries in

the CIDR Environment.

Y. Rekhter & C. Topolcic. September 1993.

RFC Description

Introduction to Vanguard IP and LAN Feature Protocols 1-9

T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4

RFC

1534 Interoperation Between DHCP and BOOTP.

R. Droms. October 1993.

1542 Clarifications and Extensions for BOOTP.

W. Wimer. October 1993

1631 The Network Address Translation (NAT).

K. Egevang, P. Francis. May 1994.

1812 Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers.

F. Baker. June 1995.

1918 Address Allocation for Private Internets.

Y. Rekhter, B. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. J. de Groot & E.

Lear. February 1996.

2131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

R.Droms. March 1997.

RFC Description

Vanguard Routing Model 2-1

Chapter 2

Vanguard Routing Model

Overview

Introduction Before you attempt to configure a Vanguard device for LAN operation you should

take time to understand how the Vanguard router works. Understanding this unique

routing model will make configuring the Vanguard router easier.

What is in this

Chapter

This chapter provides information on how a Vanguard router interconnects two or

more LANs over a WAN. This chapter will

• describe the key components of the Vanguard routing model

• the concepts of X.25 virtual circuits and how they are used in the Vanguard

• the term LAN connection, LCON - what it means and why is it used.

• LANview and WANview models

• provide basics configuration examples

Note about

Configuration

Examples

The configuration examples provided in this manual highlight the important

parameters that should be configured and do not detail all configurable parameters.

In addition, these examples may not work with your specific network but can be

modified and adapted for your use.

2-2 Vanguard Routing Model

Functional Overview of the Vanguard Router Model

Introduction Vanguard devices provide interconnection of LANs over WAN using a routing

model based on X.25 packet switching technology. Traffic from a LAN port passes

internally to a WAN port via a virtual circuit call. Most other bridge and router

manufacturers configure WAN links based on physical connections only.

Logical Function The Vanguard routing model occurs by three logical functions as shown in

Figure 2-1 and described below:

Figure 2-1. Functional Diagram of Vanguard Routing Model

Function Description

IP Forwarder

The IP Forwarder provides Router, Bridge, or Router-bridge functions. Data traffic from

the LAN port passes to the IP Forwarder through a virtual circuit defined by a Router

Interface (1 as shown in Figure 2-1). Depending on the IP Forwarder function configured,

the data traffic is passed to the WAN adaptor through another virtual circuit defined by

another Router Interface (5 as shown in Figure 2-1).The IP Forwarder can have multiple

virtual circuits to the WAN Adaptor.

WAN Adaptor

The WAN Adaptor connects the IP Forwarder to the WAN ports via a virtual circuit called

the LAN connection, LCON. LCONs uses X.25 based addressing to establish virtual

circuits. The WAN Adaptor encapsulates IP traffic for transport over the WAN. The WAN

Adaptor supports RFC 887, RFC 1294, RFC 1356, RFC 1490 multiprotocol encapsulation.

WAN Port

The Vanguard can connect to Frame Relay, X.25, MX25, ISDN, Sync PPP, or XDLC

networks.

WAN

LAN

LAN Port

Ethernet

Token Ring

WAN Port

Frame Relay

X.25

MX25

ISDN

Sync PPP

XDLC

Vanguard Router

LAN

Port

1

5

FRI

Port

LCON

FRI

Station

LAN

IP Forwarder

- Bridge

- Router

WAN Adaptor

WAN Port

Router

Interface

Vanguard Router

WAN

Vanguard Routing Model 2-3

T0100-01, Revision B Release 5.4

IP Forwarder

Introduction The IP Forwarder provides the Routing, Bridge, or Bridge-Routing function in the

Vanguard.

Note

For more information on Bridge-Router functions refer to “Using Bridging

Routers to Connect LANs and Networks” section on page 2-31.

Virtual Circuits

Defined by Router

Interface

The connection point of the IP forwarder to the LAN port is a virtual circuit called a

Router Interface. Each Router Interface has an IP address associated with it. This IP

address must have its network portion equal to the network number to which it

connects.

2-4 Vanguard Routing Model

WAN Adapter

Introduction The WAN Adapter is the logical function that connects the IP Forwarder to the WAN

ports. Specifically, the WAN Adaptor:

• Implements the LAN connection (LCON)

• Performs the WAN encapsulation

• Establishes the remote connections using SVCs or PVCs

• Collects and maintains statistics on each remote LAN connection

• Controls data flow

What is an LAN

Connection -

LCON?

The WAN Adaptor connects the IP Forwarder to the WAN ports via a virtual circuit

called the LAN Connection, LCON. LCONs uses X.25 based addressing to establish

virtual circuits.

LAN Protocols LAN protocols serve two purposes:

• Access termination such as traditional serial protocols

• Routing LAN data along proper WAN paths

The Vanguard WAN Adapter allows Vanguard LAN software to implement a more

efficient layer of routing.

An overlay network that the LAN routing functions see is superimposed on top of

the actual virtual circuit network and physical network implemented by the Motorola

access devices.

WAN Adaptor

Interconnections

Figure 2-2 shows how the WAN Adapter is used to provide a LAN overlay network.

Figure 2-2. WAN Adapter Interconnections

X.25

Stack

Up To 2000

Connections

Up To 250

Bridge

Links

Up To 254

Router

Interfaces

PVC

SVC

FR-DCE Port

X.25 Port

FR-DTE Port

Bridge Router

Handler

LAN Port

WAN Adapter

X.25

Stack

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