Aerosoft Piper PA-31T Cheyenne I IA II IIXL User manual

Brand: Aerosoft

Model: Piper PA-31T Cheyenne I IA II IIXL

Type: User manual

Page 3

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

PA31T

Piper Cheyenne

I, IA, II and IIXL

Add-On for Microsoft Flight Simulator X

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

The manual, documentation, video images, software, and all the related materials are copyrighted and can not be copied,

photocopied, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine legible form, neither completely nor in part,

without the previous written consent of AEROSOFT. THE SOFTWARE IS FURNISHED «AS IS» AND IT DOES NOT COME FUR-

NISHED WITH ANY GUARANTEE IMPLICIT OR EXPRESS. THE AUTHOR DECLINES EVERY RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONTINGENT

MALFUNCTIONS, DECELERATION, AND ANY DRAWBACK THAT SHOULD ARISE, USING THIS SOFTWARE.

Microsoft Windows, Windows® 95, Windows® 98, Windows ME, Windows® NT, Windows® 2000, Windows XP and

Flight Simulator are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other

Countries. All trademarks and brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of the respective owners.

Copyrights are serious stuff. If you nd any pirated copies of this software please notify us at [email protected] We will

make sure reports of copyrights violations are rewarded.

Aerosoft GmbH

Lindberghring 12

D-33142 Büren, Germany

www.aerosoft.com

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 5

CONFIGURATION ..................................................................................................... 7

BASICS OF OPERATION .......................................................................................... 11

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ) .............................................................. 14

GENERAL DATA ..................................................................................................... 15

Abbrevations and Terminology ..................................................................... 17

INSTRUMENT PANELS ............................................................................................ 22

INSTRUMENT PANELS - Views ....................................................................... 23

INSTRUMENT PANELS - Panel navigation by clickspots: .............................. 27

INSTRUMENT PANELS - Overview ................................................................. 29

Primary Instruments - Pilot panel ................................................................. 35

Engine instruments ........................................................................................ 39

Secondary instruments - Pilot panel ............................................................. 40

Cockpit Instruments - Copilot panel ............................................................. 42

Environmental Controls - Copilot ................................................................. 46

AUTOMATED FLIGHT ............................................................................................ 50

BENDIX-KING AVIONICS SUITE (RADIOS) ............................................................. 64

TRIMBLE 2000 APPROACH PLUS GPS ................................................................... 77

PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM ..................................................................................... 82

TCAS (with digital VSI only) .................................................................................. 85

Flight Tutorial ........................................................................................................ 88

Page 5

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the Piper Cheyenne by Digital Aviation and Aerosoft.

We hope that you will have as much fun with it as we had while creating it. For

many years, the Cheyenne series of business aircraft was one of the most suc-

cessful for Piper. It started in the mid sixties, when Piper decided to redesign its

pressurized model „Navajo” to accommodate propeller turbines as propulsion.

On August 29th 1969 the prototype took off for his maiden ight, but it took

almost another ve years until the rst production aircraft went into service. The

control surfaces and ight controls had to be reworked several times, because

the higher speeds were a strain to the cell. Furthermore, a ooding of Pipers pro-

duction facility in Lock Haven delayed deliveries.

On October 22nd 1973, the maiden ight of the rst production aircraft Piper

Cheyenne PA31T took place – powered by two Pratt&Whitney PT6A-28s engines,

developing 620hp each. When Piper expanded the family in 1978 with a de-

creased variant (PT6A-11, 500hp), they renamed the initial aircraft in „Cheyenne

II” and the new variant became “Cheyenne I”. Improvements like more power,

redesigned cowlings and a new interior lead to the „Cheyenne IA”. In addition to

that, Piper stretched the Cheyenne II and built in a fourth cabin window. Equip-

ped with PT6A-135s (750hp) engines and an increased MTOW by 180kg/400lb

– this variant became the „Cheyenne IIXL”. In total, 823 Cheyennes had been

built, 526 Cheyenne and Cheyenne II, 215 Cheyenne I and IA, and 82 IIXL, when

the production was discontinued in the mid eighties. Even twenty years later, the

PA31T models have an excellent reputation for being spacious, uncomplicated

and reliable aircraft and therefore enjoy great popularity.

Our add-on features all four mentioned variants, each in three liveries from dif-

ferent countries. All models possess a highly detailed 2D-panel with various view

options, a completely functional 3D cockpit with virtual cabin, two different

sound sets and of course a true to the original model with many ground objects,

like Ground Power Unit, towing equipment, chock blocks and pylons. The in-

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

strumentation is an exact rendition of its real counterparts, based on the „Silver

Crown Plus” avionics suite by Bendix-King. Autopilot is either the KFC250 or the

KFC300 by Bendix-King, depending on the model you choose. The pressurization

controllers are models by Dukes and Garret. A conguration program is provided

to help with individual settings.

And now we wish you many pleasant hours with our Piper Cheyenne Add-On for

the Microsoft Flight Simulator.

Page 7

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

CONFIGURATION

The Piper Cheyenne can be fully congured using the supplied conguration

manager. The conguration manager is opened from inside the aircraft by us-

ing the key combination SHIFT-7:

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Saving your settings

Your conguration settings may be either saved to disk using the SAVE button

(3) or applied to the currently loaded aircraft only, using the button EXIT (4).

When using the SAVE option, the aircraft CFG le of the selected aircraft will be

also updated, to pertain the changes for the next time you start Microsoft Flight

Simulator. Using the button DEFAULT all conguration options are reverted to

their default values, while RANDOM (2) creates a random aircraft loading.

Options

The OPTIONS section in the upper left part of the conguration manager offers

some advanced conguration options:

5: Cold and Dark

Loads the aircraft in a „cold & dark” conguration next time. All systems are

off, and you may work through the complete startup procedure.

6: Show yoke in VC

Selecting this option displays the yoke in the virtual cockpit also. You may

want to deselect this option to get easier access to some switches near the

yoke.

7: Show analogue VSI (no TCAS)

Selecting this option displays an analogue vertical speed indicator instead of

the default digital one. In this case no TCAS is available.

8: Show HSI 3D objects in VC

Deselecting this option displays the HSI as a 2D object instead of a 3D object

in the virtual cockpit. This may increase performance on low-end systems.

Also, it may be necessary when adding a third-party HSI instead of the su-

pllied one.

9: Show Radar 3D objects in VC

Deselecting this option displays the radar as a 2D object instead of a 3D ob-

ject in the virtual cockpit. This is necessary if you want to add a third-party

weather radar at this place.

10: „Active Noise Reduction” (ANR) Sound Set

When using the ANR sound set, the internal engine sound is greatly mufed,

as the pilot would hear it while wearing Active Noise Reduction (ANR) head-

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

phones. Almost all pilots wear these or similar headphones today in order to

protect their hearing and ease communication over the radios. It is very rare

to see these aircraft own without the pilot and passengers wearing head-

phones.

NOTE: After changing the sound set the aircraft needs to be manually reloaded.

Weight and Balance

The Weight and Balance section (11-13) offers the possibility to individually con-

gure the loading and seating of the aircraft. The forward and aft baggage

compartments may be loaded in steps of 10 lbs., and different crew members and

passengers may be placed in any available seat:

Children: 60 lbs.

Women: 135 lbs.

Men: 170 lbs.

Please note that for the pilot and copilot seats, only men or women may be se-

lected.

A detailed weights listing (18) is displayed just below the load editor. If the load-

ing is within limits, the TOTAL WEIGHT value is displayed in green. Overweights

are displayed in red.

Sounds volume

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Four sliders are available to individually congure different portions of the

sound set:

14: Ambient sounds volume

Adjusts the volume level for click sounds and other background noises

15: Avionics sounds volume

Sets the volume level for aural alerts and warnings

16: Engines sounds volume

Congures the volume level of the engine startup

17: TCAS

Adjusts the volume level for the TCAS TA and RA sounds

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

BASICS OF OPERATION

Panel operation

Microsoft Flight Simulator traditionally depends heavily upon mouse actions to

operate buttons, switches and knobs. Sometimes, click spots may not be 100%

intuitive, or the result of your action may depend upon clicking with the left or

right mouse button at the correct location. When familiarizing yourself with the

panel, it is suggested that you turn on „tool tips”. These tips will then appear

when you hold your cursor over the various click spots, and the tips will describe

what each click spot is for. Tool tips can be activated under the FS menu under

Options / Settings / General.

The Piper Cheyenne uses a consistent, standardized approach to operate the dif-

ferent controls in the aircraft panels. Following is an overview about these meth-

ods to interact with the controls in the 2D and 3D panels:

Push buttons: Left or right-click to operate these buttons on/off.

Guarded buttons: Guarded buttons require two steps: First, right-click to open

or close the guard covering the control. Second, left-click to operate the button

underneath. The cursor will show a solid hand.

Multi-position switches: Multi-position switches have more than one position,

and may be turned left/down or up/right. Left-click to move the switch to the left

or down, and right-click of right/up movement.

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

NOTE: You can always use your mouse wheel to operate a multi-position switch.

Knobs with one level: Knobs are rotated left/right, or may be rotated completely

around. Left-click to rotate the knob to the left, and right-click to rotate the knob

to the right anywhere in the click spot. The cursor will be an unlled hand.

Some knobs also allow rotating them in larger steps. One example is the heading

bug, which may be rotated in steps of 1 or 10 degrees left or right. In this case the

cursor changes to a hand with „+” or „-” in it. When the cursor shows a „-”, the

knob will rotate to the left, while a „+” will rotate it to the right. Left-clicks will

rotate in low increments, while right-clicks will rotate in high increments.

Knobs with two levels: Some instruments contain knobs with an inner and an

outer ring. In this case, the click area is further divided into a left and a right

part. Clicks in the left half of the click spot rotate the outer knob, while the

right half adjusts the inner knob. Note that the operation rules for one-level

knobs still apply.

NOTE: You can always use your mouse wheel to rotate a knob.

hi lo

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Aircraft model operation

Several hotkeys are available to operate animated parts of the external model

and the virtual cabin. Plase note that you need to assign keystrokes to some of

these functions in order to execute the animation. Keystrokes can be assigned via

the „Assignments” menu option in the OPTIONS => ASSIGNMENTS menu in MS

Flight Simulator.

Main passenger door: SHIFT-E (Standard key for doors in Flight Simulator)

Front baggage door: Wings fold/unfold

Aft baggage door: Tail hook extend/retract

Desks in virtual cabin: Click on a desk to fold/unfold it

External objects: Chocks, external power unit, tow bar etc. will

appear when the following conditions are met:

• parking brake set

• Prop controls: STOP

• Engines OFF

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)

VOR/GPS Switch operation:

As soon as the NAV1 radio is tuned to a valid ILS frequency, the VOR/GPS switch

changes to VOR and the autopilot to NAV ARM mode. If a valid ILS frequency is

in range, the autopilot will follow it´s localizer beam. Valid ILS frequencies are

between 108.10 and 111.95 and the decimal part starts with an odd digit: 108.10,

108.15, 108.30, 108.35, 108.50, ..., 108.95, 109.10, 109.15, ..., 111.95

Engine Start

You need to follow the engine start procedure as described (see PDF on your CD-

ROM). CTRL-E will not work.

Panel and cabin lights (virtual cabin)

Due to limitations in Microsoft Flight Simulator, the panel instruments light and

the virtual cabin light are tied together. They can´t be operated independently.

Autopilot and ight director operation

Activation of the autopilot requires the ight director to be active. Always check

that you have turned on the ight director before activating the autopilot.

Trimble GPS airports, navaids and waypoints selection

Display of available airports, navaids and waypoints in the GPS is restricted to a

2000nm radius around your aircraft position.

Trimble GPS keyboard entry mode

If keyboard commands don´t seem to work at all, make sure SCROLL LOCK is

switched off, because all keyboard inputs will be intercepted by the GPS as long

as SCROLL LOCK IS ON.

Cold & Dark state

After loading in cold & dark state, wait some time for all engine instruments to

show zero before you begin any startup procedures. We strongly suggest load-

ing the Cheyenne from the default „Trike over Friday Harbour” situation every

time!

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

GENERAL DATA

Power plants

Cheyenne I Cheyenne IA Cheyenne II Cheyenne IIXL

Number of engines 2

Pratt & Whitney (UACL)

Manufacturer

Model number PT6A-11s PT6A-28s PT6A-135s

Rated Horsepower 500 PS 620 PS

Propeller Speed 2200 rpm 2200 rpm 1900 rpm

Dry weight 317 lbs. 323 lbs.

Propeller

Cheyenne I Cheyenne IA Cheyenne II Cheyenne IIXL

Number of propellers 2

Manufacturer Hartzell

Blade Model T-10173-B-8 T-10173-K-8 T-10173-HB-8

T-10173-B-8

T-10178-B-8R

Number of Blades 3

Diameter (Inch) 93 inch

Propeller Type Hydraulically operated, constant speed, full feathering, reversible

Fuel

Cheyenne I Cheyenne IA Cheyenne II Cheyenne IIXL

Capacity

without tip tanks 308 gal.

with tip tanks 374 gal.

Usable fuel

without tip tanks 300 gal.

with Tip Tanks 366 gal.

Fuel grade Jet A

Page 16

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Weights

Cheyenne I Cheyenne IA Cheyenne II Cheyenne IIXL

Ramp Weight 8750 lbs. 9050 lbs. 9540 lbs.

Standard Empty Weight 5110 lbs. 4976 lbs. 5874 lbs.

Maximum Useful Load 3640 lbs. 4074 lbs. 4053 lbs.

Max. Takoff Weight 8700 lbs. 9000 lbs. 9474 lbs.

Max. Landing Weight 8700 lbs. 9000 lbs.

Max. Zero Fuel Weight 7200 lbs. 7600 lbs.

Max. Weight in forward bag-

gage compartment

300 lbs.

Max. Weight in aft baggage

compartment

200 lbs.

Page 17

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Abbrevations and Terminology

(a) General Airspeed Terminology

CAS Calibrated Airspeed means the indicated speed of an aircraft,

corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated Air-

speed is equal to true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea

level.

KCAS Calibrated Airspeed expressed in „Knots“.

GS Ground Speed is the speed of an airplane relative to the

ground.

IAS Indicated Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft as shown on the

airspeed indicator when corrected for instrument error. IAS

values published in this manual assume zero instrument error.

KIAS Indicated Airspeed, expressed in „Knots“.

M Mach Speed (Mach Number) is the ratio of true airspeed to

the speed of sound.

TAS True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane relative to undi-

sturbed air which is the CAS corrected for altitude, temperatu-

re and compressibility.

Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which applicati-

on of full available aerodynamic control will not overstress the

airplane.

Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissib-

le with wing aps in a prescribed, extended position.

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Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speedis the maximum

speed at which an aircraft can be safely own with the lan-

ding gear extended.

Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed is the maximum

speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or

retracted.

MCA

Air Minimum Control Speed is the minimum ight speed at

which the airplane is directionally controllable as determined

in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations.

mo/Mmo

Maximum Operating Speed is the speed limit that may not be

deliberately exceeded in normal ight operations. V is ex-

pressed in Knots and M in mach number

Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should

not be exceeded except in smooth air and then only with cau-

tion.

Stall Speed or the minimum steady ight speed at which the

airplane is controllable.

Stall Speed or the minimum steady ight speed at which the

airplane is controllable in landing conguration.

SSE

Intentional One Engine Inoperative Speed is the minimum

speed selected by the manufacturer for intentionally rende-

ring one engine inoperative in ight for pilot training.

VX Best Angle of Climb Speed is the airspeed which delivers the

greatest gain of altitude in the shortest possible horizontal

distance..

VY Best Rate of Climb Speed is the airspeed which delivers the

greatest gain in altitude in the shortest possible time.

Page 19

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

(b) Meteorological Terminology

ISA International Standard Atmosphere in which:

(1) The air is a dry perfect gas;

(2) The temperature at sea level is 15°C (59°F)

(3) The pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches (1013.2 mb).

(4) The temperature gradient from sea level to the altitude

at which the temperature is -56.5°C (-69.7°F) is -0.00198°C

(-0.003564°F) per foot and zero above that altitude.

OAT Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature ob-

tained either from in ight temperature indications or ground

meteorological sources, adjusted for instrument error and

compressibility effects.

IPA Indicated Pressure Altitude is the number actually read from

an altimeter when the barometric subscale has been set to

29.92 inches of mercury (1013.2 millibars).

SP Station Pressure is the actual atmospheric pressure at eld ele-

vation.

Wind The wind velocities recorded as variables on the charts of this

manual are to be understood as the headwind or tailwind

components of the reported winds.

Takeoff Power Maximum power permissible during takeoff.

Maximum Con- Maximum power permissible continuously during takeoff,

tinuous Power one engine inoperative and emergency operations only.

Maximum Maximum power permissible during climb (Maximum normal

Climb Power operating power).

Page 20

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Maximum Maximum power permissible during cruise (Maximum normal

Cruise Power operating power).

Maximum Nor- Maximum power permissible continuously during all normal

mal Operating operations.

Power

(d) Engine Controls and Instruments

Power Control The lever which modulates engine power from reverse thrust

Lever through takeoff power.

Propeller Con- The lever which requests a propeller governor to maintain

trol Lever propeller rpm at a selected value or feathers a propeller

Condition The lever which controls fuel ow to an engine.

Lever

Beta Range The region where the propeller blade angle is between the

ne pitch stop and the maximum reverse pitch setting.

ITT Gauge Inter-Turbine Temperature Gauge - indicates temperature im-

mediately upstream of the free turbine vanes.

Propeller RPM Indicates propeller speed in rpm.

Engine Torque- Indicates shaft output torque in lb-ft.

meter

(e) Airplane performance and Flight Planning Terminology

Climb Gradient The demonstrated ratio of the change in height during a por-

tion of a climb, to the horizontal distance traversed in the

same time interval.

Page 21

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

Demonstrated The demonstrated crosswind velocity is the velocity of the

Crosswind crosswind component for which adequate control of the air-

Velocity plane during takeoff and landing was actually demonstrated

during certication tests.

Accelerate-STOP The distance required to accelerate an airplane to a specic

Distance speed and, assuming failure of an engine at the instant of that

speed is attained, to bring the airplane to a stop.

MEA Minimum en route IFR altitude

Route Segment A part of a route. Each end of that part is identied by

(1) a geographical location

(2) a point at which a denite radio x can be established.

(f) Weight and Balance Terminology

Usable Fuel Fuel available for ight planning.

Unusable Fuel Fuel remaining after a run out test has been completed in ac-

cordance with governmental regulations.

Standard Empty Weight of a standard airplane including unusable fuel, full

Weight operating uids and full oil.

Basic Empty Standard empty weight plus operational equipment.

Weight

Payload Weight of occupants, cargo and baggage.

Useful Load Difference between takeoff weight, or ramp weight if appli-

cable, and basic empty weight.

Page 22

Aircraft Operation Manual

Piper Cheyenne I, IA, II, IIXL

For ight simulation use only

INSTRUMENT PANELS

Panel views ............................................................................................................ 23

Panel navigation by clickspots ...............................................................................27

Instrument Panels - Overview ............................................................................... 29

Primary instruments - Pilot panel ......................................................................... 35

Engine Instruments ............................................................................................... 39

Secondary instruments - Pilot panel .................................................................... 40

Cockpit instruments - Copilot panel .................................................................... 42

Environmental controls - Copilot ..........................................................................46

The Piper Cheyenne offers two ways to access the cockpit: A classic 2D cockpit

view, and a 3D virtual cockpit view. By default, Microsoft Flightsimulator X will

load the aircraft in 3D virtual cockpit view.

In classic 2D panel view, 5 different instrument panels are provided: Normal

view, approach view, landing view, IFR view, VFR view and copilot view. In addi-

tion, Microsoft Flightsimulator X provides a Mini-panel view and a view mode

where no panel is displayed. Cycling through this view is achieved using the W

(forward) and SHIFT-W (backward) keys. Please note that it is not possible to use

a joystick´s coolie hat to access the panel views in 2D mode.

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Aerosoft Piper PA-31T Cheyenne I IA II IIXL User manual

Aerosoft Piper PA-31T Cheyenne I IA II IIXL User manual

Aerosoft Piper PA-31T Cheyenne I IA II IIXL User manual

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