Anritsu ME7840A User manual

Category
Measuring, testing & control
Type
User manual
MODEL
ME7840A
POWER AMPLIFIER TEST SYSTEM
OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
490 JARVIS DRIVE - MORGAN HILL, CA 95037-2809
P/N: 10410-00225
REVISION: A
PRINTED: JUNE 2000
COPYRIGHT 2000 ANRITSU CO
WARRANTY
The ANRITSU product(s) listed on the title page is (are) warranted against defects in materials and
workmanship for three years from the date of shipment.
ANRITSU’s obligation covers repairing or replacing products which prove to be defective during the
warranty period. Buyers shall prepay transportation charges for equipment returned to ANRITSU for
warranty repairs. Obligation is limited to the original purchaser. ANRITSU is not liable for consequential
damages.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
The foregoing warranty does not apply to ANRITSU connectors that have failed due to normal wear. Also,
the warranty does not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the Buyer,
unauthorized modification or misuse, or operation outside of the environmental specifications of the
product. No other warranty is expressed or implied, and the remedies provided herein are the Buyer’s sole
and exclusive remedies.
TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
V Connector and K Connector are registered trademarks of ANRITSU Company.
GPC-7 is a registered trademark of Amphenol Corporation.
Ink Jet and Think Jet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Co.
MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
NOTICE
ANRITSU Company has prepared this manual for use by ANRITSU Company personnel and customers
as a guide for the proper installation, operation and maintenance of ANRITSU Company equipment and
computer programs. The drawings, specifications, and information contained herein are the property of
ANRITSU Company, and any unauthorized use or disclosure of these drawings, specifications, and
information is prohibited; they shall not be reproduced, copied, or used in whole or in part as the basis for
manufacture or sale of the equipment or software programs without the prior written consent of ANRITSU
Company.
Safety Symbols
To prevent the risk of personal injury or loss related to equipment malfunction, ANRITSU Company uses
the following symbols to indicate safety-related information. For your own safety, please read the informa
-
tion carefully BEFORE operating the equipment.
Symbols used in manuals
DANGER
This indicates a very dangerous procedure that could result in serious
injury or death if not performed properly.
WARNING This indicates a hazardous procedure that could result in serious in
-
jury or death if not performed properly.
CAUTION This indicates a hazardous procedure or danger that could result in
light-to-severe injury, or loss related to equipment malfunction, if
proper precautions are not taken.
Safety Symbols Used on Equipment and in Manuals
(Some or all of the following five symbols may or may not be used on all ANRITSU equipment. In addition,
there may be other labels attached to products that are not shown in the diagrams in this manual.)
The following safety symbols are used inside or on the equipment near operation locations to provide infor
-
mation about safety items and operation precautions. Ensure that you clearly understand the meanings of
the symbols and take the necessary precautions BEFORE operating the equipment.
This indicates a prohibited operation. The prohibited operation is indi
-
cated symbolically in or near the barred circle.
This indicates a compulsory safety precaution. The required operation
is indicated symbolically in or near the circle.
This indicates warning or caution. The contents are indicated symboli
-
cally in or near the triangle.
This indicates a note. The contents are described in the box.
These indicate that the marked part should be recycled.
ME7840A OMM Safety 1
Safety 1 ME7840A OMM
Always refer to the operation manual when working near locations at
which the alert mark, shown on the left, is attached. If the operation,
etc., is performed without heeding the advice in the operation manual,
there is a risk of personal injury. In addition, the equipment perfor
-
mance may be reduced.
Moreover, this alert mark is sometimes used with other marks and de
-
scriptions indicating other dangers.
WARNING
When supplying power to this equipment, connect the accessory 3-pin
power cord to a 3-pin grounded power outlet. If a grounded 3-pin outlet
is not available, use a conversion adapter and ground the green wire, or
connect the frame ground on the rear panel of the equipment to ground.
If power is supplied without grounding the equipment, there is a risk of
receiving a severe or fatal electric shock.
WARNING
This equipment can not be repaired by the operator. DO NOT attempt to
remove the equipment covers or to disassemble internal components.
Only qualified service technicians with a knowledge of electrical fire
and shock hazards should service this equipment. There are
high-voltage parts in this equipment presenting a risk of severe injury
or fatal electric shock to untrained personnel. In addition, there is a
risk of damage to precision components.
WARNING
Repair
For Safety
Use two or more people to lift and move this equipment, or use an
equipment cart. There is a risk of back injury, if this equipment is lifted
by one person.
WARNING
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 General Information
SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL...............................1-1
INTRODUCTION ....................................1-1
RELATED MANUALS .................................1-1
CONVENTIONS.....................................1-2
SERIAL NUMBER ...................................1-2
ONLINE MANUALS ..................................1-2
PATS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..............................1-2
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION..............................1-2
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ................................1-5
DRA Scorpion ....................................1-5
MS4782X Test Set .................................1-6
Connectors and Ports ................................1-7
K FACTOR ........................................1-9
ADAPTIVE P STOP ...................................1-9
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION ..............................1-9
TEST EXECUTIVE ...................................1-9
SOFTWARE STRUCTURE ..............................1-11
MS7840A OPTIONS ..................................1-12
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES..............................1-12
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ...........................1-13
USER SUPPLED TEST SET .............................1-13
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS.........................1-13
RECOMMENDED ITEMS...............................1-15
USER SUPPLIED ITEMS ...............................1-15
Chapter 2 Installation
INTRODUCTION ....................................2-1
EQUIPMENT COMPLEMENT .............................2-1
UNPACKING and INSPECTION............................2-1
INSTALLATION - HARDWARE ............................2-2
INSTALLATION - SOFTWARE.............................2-7
ME7840A OMM i
Installation .....................................2-7
What else is on the CD?...............................2-7
Uninstalling the software..............................2-7
SERVICE CENTERS ..................................2-8
Chapter 3 Operations, General
INTRODUCTION ....................................3-1
PREPARING THE SYSTEM ..............................3-1
Unused Connections ................................3-2
USING PATS SOFTWARE ...............................3-4
Software
Organization.....................................3-4
COLLATERAL FUNCTIONS ..............................3-5
File..........................................3-5
Help .........................................3-6
Tools .........................................3-7
Chapter 4 Operations, Calibration
INTRODUCTION ....................................4-1
OPERATION, GENERAL ................................4-1
PROGRAM FILES....................................4-1
TEST EQUIPMENT...................................4-2
GENERAL ........................................4-3
POWER LEVEL .....................................4-4
HOTS22.........................................4-8
S-PARAMETERS CAL .................................4-11
CAL FILE SETUP ...................................4-15
Chapter 5 Operations, Measurement
INTRODUCTION ....................................5-1
OPERATION, GENERAL ................................5-1
MEASUREMENT CALIBRATION ...........................5-1
GENERAL ........................................5-1
Calibration(s) Completed ..............................5-1
Calibration(s) Not Completed ...........................5-2
S-PARAMETER TESTS: S
21
,S
11
,S
22
,S
12
,ALL.....................5-4
S-PARAMETER TEST: K FACTOR...........................5-7
POWER SWEEP, TWO TONE.............................5-10
Single Frequency Power Sweep ..........................5-10
Multiple Frequency Power Sweep.........................5-14
ii ME 7840A OMM
Gain and IMD Power Sweep ...........................5-18
POWER SWEEP, ONE TONE .............................5-22
Single Frequency Power Sweep ..........................5-22
IMD...........................................5-26
HARMONICS .....................................5-29
HOTS22........................................5-32
Chapter 6 Performance Verification Procedure
INTRODUCTION ....................................6-1
CONVENTIONS.....................................6-1
TEST
EQUIPMENT ......................................6-1
SOURCE OUTPUT ACCURACY ............................6-2
Setup: ........................................6-2
Test Procedure ...................................6-2
RETURN LOSS CONFIDENCE TEST.........................6-3
Setup.........................................6-3
Test Procedure: ...................................6-4
SYSTEM DYNAMIC RANGE .............................6-6
Test Procedure: ...................................6-6
RECEIVER DISPLAY LINEARITY ..........................6-8
Setup: ........................................6-8
Chapter 7 Preamplifier Operations
INTRODUCTION ....................................7-1
USE OF EXTERNAL PREAMPLIFIERS........................7-1
Alternative 1 ....................................7-1
Alternative 2 ....................................7-1
Appendix A Calibration Specification Files
INTRODUCTION ....................................A-1
FILE TYPES.......................................A-1
OPEN FILES ......................................A-1
TECHNICAL DETAILS.................................A-1
POWER LEVE.TXT ..................................A-11
CAL FILES SETUP.TXT................................A-11
HOT S
22
.TXT ......................................A-13
S-PARAMETERS. TXT ................................A-14
ME7840A OMM iii/iv
Figure 1-1. Model ME7840A Power Amplifier Test System (PATS)
Chapter 1
General Information
1-1 SCOPE OF THIS
MANUAL
This manual provides operating and maintenance information for the
ME7840A Power Amplifier Test System (PATS, Figure 1-1). The follow
-
ing topics are discussed:
q
Equipment Description
q
Equipment Installation and Connection
q
Software Description
q
Software Installation
q
Calibration
q
System Operation
q
Test Procedures and Test Results Interpretation
q
System Performance Verification
The procedures described in this manual presume a working knowledge
of vector network analyzers and RF power amplifier testing procedures.
Refer to the other manuals supplied with the ME7840A (see below) for
more detailed explanations of the system equipment and procedures.
1-2 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides information to familiarize the user with the basic
ME7840A Power Amplifier Test System. Included is information about re
-
lated manuals, and the available models and options.
1-3 RELATED
MANUALS
The ME7840A manual set consists of the following manuals: The operat
-
ing and programming manuals are supplied with the equipment; the
maintenance manuals are optional items that may be purchased.
Manual Description ANRITSU Part Number
ME7840A Operating & Maintenance Manual
(OMM)
10410-00225
MS462XX Operating Manual (OM) 10410-00203
MS462XX Programming Manual (PM) 10410-00204
MS462XX Maintenance Manual (MM) 10410-00205 (Optional)
MS4782X Test Set Maintenance Manual (MM) 10410-00218 (Optional))
ME7840A OMM 1-1
1-4 CONVENTIONS Throughout this manual, the ME7840A Power Amplifier System may be
referenced as PATS or ME7840A; the MS462XC may be referenced as
Scorpion or MS462XC; and the MS4782X Test Set may be referenced as
Test Set or MS4782X.
1-5 SERIAL NUMBER All ANRITSU instruments are assigned a unique six-digit serial number,
such as “940101.” This number is affixed to a decal on the rear panel of
each unit. In any correspondence with ANRITSU Customer Service,
please use this number.
1-6 ONLINE MANUALS This manual is available on CD ROM as an Adobe Acrobat™ (*.pdf) file.
The file can be viewed using Acrobat Reader™, a free program that is
also available on the CD ROM. This file is “linked” such that the viewer
can choose a topic to view from the displayed “bookmark” list and “jump”
to the manual page on which the topic resides. The text can also be
word-searched. CD ROM part numbers are available on ANRITSU’s
Internet home page (http://www.global.anritsu.com/ library/). You can also
contact ANRITSU Customer Service for price and availability.
1-7 PATS SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
The ANRITSU ME7870A Power Amplifier Test System (PATS) is in-
tended for the measurement and real-time graphical display of the follow-
ing parameters of a power amplifier in the frequency range of 10 MHz to
6 GHz:
q
S-Parameters including Hot S
22
q
K Factor
q
Gain Compression and Phase Distortion
q
Intermodulation Distortion
q
Harmonics
q
Drain Current and Power Added Efficiency (PAE)
PATS is designed to facilitate alignment, tuning and pass/fail testing of
the components, modules and subassemblies of a power amplifier as well
as the completed amplifier.
1-8 HARDWARE
DESCRIPTION
The ME7840A hardware (Figure 1-1) consists of a MS462XC, Direct Re
-
ceiver Access (DRA) Scorpion, a MS4782X Test Set, a customer supplied
Personal Computer (PC), and an optional current probe (refer to Chapter
2, Figure 2-4 ). The MS462XC is available in two frequency ranges: 10
MHz to 3 GHz or 10 MHz to 6 GHz.
The Test Set is available in two configurations, as described in Table 1-1
The MS4782D is standard, and the MS4782A is Option 2. A block dia
-
gram of the PATS is shown in Figure 1-2 and the Option 2 system in Fig
-
ure 1-3.
CONVENTIONS GENERAL INFORMATION
1-2 ME 7840A OMM
GENERAL INFORMATION HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
ME7840A OMM 1-3
AUT
POWER
METER
OPTIONAL
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER
SYSTEM
CONTROLLER
(PC)
RF1
STEP
ATTENUATOR
70dB, 10dB/step
POWER
SUPPLY
COMBINER
RF2
OPTIONAL
MODULATION
SYNTHESIZER
-30dB
-30dB
-30dB
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PRE-AMP
N
N
LIMITER
NK
K
K
KKN
N
N
KKKN
N
DIRECT RECEIVER
ACCESS
SCORPION
MS4782D Test Set
EXT I/O
SOURCE 2 SOURCE 1
STEP
ATTENUATORS
70dB, 10dB/step
RF3
FORWAR
D
REVERSE
TRANSFER SWITCH
RECEIVERS
CURRENT PROBE
ANALOG IN
GPIB
GPIB
CONTROL
LINES
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PREAMPLIFIERS
-30dB
100 W
TERMINATION
EXTERNAL
CIRCULATOR
N
NK
K
K
C3
C2
C1
K
K
Indicates coax
j
umper in the as-shipped confi
g
uration
a
1
a
2
b
1
b
2
Figure 1-2. Overall Functional Block Diagram of the Basic Power Amplifier Test System (PATS) with MS4782D Test Set
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION GENERAL INFORMATION
1-4 ME 7840A OMM
AUT
POWER
METER
OPTIONAL
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER
SYSTEM
CONTROLLER
(PC)
RF1
a
1
a
2
b
1
b
2
STEP
ATTENUATOR
70dB, 10dB/step
POWER
SUPPLY
COMBINER
RF2
OPTIONAL
MODULATION
SYNTHESIZER
-30dB
-30dB
-30dB
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PRE-AMP
N
N
LIMITER
NK
K
K
KKN
N
N
KKKN
N
DIRECT RECEIVER
ACCESS
SCORPION
MS478A Test Set
EXT I/O
SOURCE 2 SOURCE 1
STEP
ATTENUATORS
70dB, 10dB/step
RF3
FORWAR
D
REVERSE
TRANSFER SWITCH
RECEIVERS
CURRENT PROBE
ANALOG IN
GPIB
GPIB
CONTROL
LINES
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PREAMPLIFIERS
-30dB
HIGH
POW
ER
TERMINATION
N
NK
K
Indicates coax
j
umper in the as-shipped confi
g
uration
Figure 1-3. Overall Functional Block Diagram of the Option 2 Power Amplifier Test System (PATS) with MS4782A Test
Set
1-9 SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
Brief descriptions of the DRA Scorpion (MS462XC) and MS4782X Test
Set are given below.
DRA Scorpion The Scorpion Direct Receiver Access (DRA) version Vector Network Mea-
surement System (VNMS) (Figure 1-2) functions under control of the soft-
ware residing in the PC through GPIB commands. The software supports
tuning and alignment operations by generating real time graphic displays
of the measured data on the PC screen.
Under software control, 3
rd
,5
th
and 7
th
order IMD products can be mea-
sured and displayed. Also, the Upper and Lower Side Band (USB & LSB)
components of the IMD products are measured and displayed separately.
The DRA Scorpion includes the following capabilities:
q
Two internal, independent RF sources. Each source has a range of
–15 dBm to +10 dBm. A 0dB to 70dB step attenuator (10 dB / step)
is provided for each source resulting in a Power Output range of
–85 dBm to +10 dBm from each source.
q
Complete built-in capability for IMD measurements. A combiner is
provided in the Test Set.
q
Internal Transfer Switch enabling S
22
and Hot S
22
measurements.
The reflectometer set-up is provided in the Test Set.
q
Direct access to each of the four receiver channels (two reference
channels and two test channels) for maximum flexibility in measur
-
ing forward and reverse S-parameters over a wide range of AUT
output power. The Test Set provides incident and reflected signal
separation.
GENERAL INFORMATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
ME7840A OMM 1-5
NOTE
After test set losses, the maximum net power at the input of the amplifier
under test (AUT) is +5 dBm.
Model
Frequency Range
(MHz)
Max AUT Power Output
(Watts)
Reverse Measurements
(S
22
, Hot S
22
,S
12
Possible)
Circulator
(at AUT Output Path)
MS4782A 800 to 1000 50 Yes Internal
MS4782D 800 to 2400
(Note 1)
100
(Note 2)
Yes External
Notes:
1. This frequency range does not account for any restricting effects caused by use of external circulator.
2. This Max AUT power assumes a minimum isolation of 23 dB provided by external circulator(s). Two circulators may have to
be used to provide the required isolation.
Table 1-1. Test Set Configurations
MS4782X Test Set The Series MS4782X Test Set contains a Wilkinson type combiner that
combines the two RF signals from Ports 1 and 3 (RF1 & RF3) of the Scor
-
pion. External preamplifiers can optionally be provided at the combiner
input to boost the input RF power to the amplifier-under- test (AUT). The
combiner has power input rating of 30-Watts maximum when terminated
with a VSWR of 1.2:1. For an open or short at the combiner output, the
combiner input power rating is 0.5 Watts maximum.
The output of the combiner is fed to a source selection switch that enables
one of the following to be applied to the AUT:
q
The combined signal from the Scorpion sources.
q
A modulated signal from an optional external modulation synthe
-
sizer.
A provision for the insertion of an optional external pre-amplifier (after
the combiner and source selection switch) is also provided. Refer to Chap
-
ter 7, “Preamplifier Operations,” for details.
The test set includes a bi-directional coupler at the input of the AUT that
separates the incident signal from the reflected signal. The power rating
of this bi-directional coupler is 100 watts average. The –30 dB portion of
the incident and reflected signals are applied to the Scorpion reference
port a1 and test port b
1
, respectively, for S
11
measurement. The S
11
mea-
surement determined by the DRA Scorpion is simply the ratio of the re-
flected signal to the incident signal.
The amplified output of the AUT is fed to a high power coupler in the test
set. The power rating of this coupler is also 100-watts average. The –30
dB coupled arm of this coupler is routed to the test port b
2
of the Scorpion
througha6dBresistive divider and a 0-dB to 70-dB step attenuator
(10dB/step). A limiter is also provided in this path provide added protec
-
tion for the Scorpion reference channel .
The divider enables the connections of a power meter or Spectrum Ana
-
lyzer, when desired, to measure the AUT b
2
output.
The through arm of the 100-W coupler is routed to a high power
(100-Watt) termination through a circulator. In the MS4782A Test Set,
the circulator is internal and has a rating of 100 watts average. This
circulator has an isolation specification of 20-dB minimum. This means
that the AUT output power is attenuated by 20 dB (plus other losses) be
-
fore reaching the Scorpion port 2. Since the maximum (no-damage) power
level for this port is 27 dBm (0.5 watt), this establishes the maximum
AUT output power at 50 watts.
In the MS4782D Test Set, the circulator is external as shown in Figure
1-2. In selecting an external circulator, the following criteria should be
used.
q
Power rating: Should be no less than the power output of the ampli
-
fier-under-test (AUT). It should be noted that a 100 watt termina
-
tion is provided in the Test Set for the termination port of the exter
-
nal circulator.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL INFORMATION
1-6 ME 7840A OMM
q
Bandwidth: Should be sufficiently wide to cover the frequency band
of the AUT.
q
Isolation: Should be no less than (P
o
-27 dB), where P
o
is the
power output in dBm of the AUT. Thus for Po = 47 dBm (50 watts),
a 20 dB isolation is required. For a P
o
greater than 47 dBm up to 50
dBm (100 watts), two circulators in series can be used.
Where S
22
or Hot S
22
measurements are not required, power amplifiers
with up to 100 watts average output power can be tested with the
MS4782D Test Set without any circulator by connecting the through arm
of the output coupler directly to the 100 watt termination (Port C1 con
-
nected to Port C2 on the rear. The unit is shipped from the factory with
this loop jumper.)
For S
22
measurements, the transfer switch located within the Scorpion
routes the source 1 output signal to the output port of the AUT via Port 2
(RF2) of the Scorpion. A separate 100-watt coupler in the test set applies
the –30 dB portion of this incident signal to the Scorpion reference port
a
2
. The –30 dB portion of the signal reflected from the AUT output port is
applied to the Scorpion test port b
2
by means of the AUT output coupler.
The PATS calibration is performed with the test set in place, at the con-
nectors where AUT will be connected directly. Therefore, the test set com-
ponents and cables are included in the calibration loop and their effects
are calibrated out, resulting in correct and accurate measurements of the
AUT.
The software supplied by ANRITSU supports operator control of the
source selection switch and step attenuator in the test set. This control is
achieved through the parallel TTL control lines available at the Scorpion
rear panel “External I/O” connector. The GPIB commands from the PC to
the Scorpion set the TTL control lines to the desired states.
Connectors and
Ports
On the front panel of the Model MS4622/3C DRA Scorpion three Type N
(female) connectors are provided for Ports 1, 2 and 3.
Port 1 provides RF source 1 when the transfer switch is in the forward
position, and is terminated in 50 ohms to ground when the transfer
switch is in the reverse position.
Port 2 provides RF source 1 when the transfer switch is in the reverse po
-
sition, and is terminated in 50 ohms to ground when the transfer switch
is in the forward position.
Port 3 is allocated to RF source 2. Under independent control, port 3 pro
-
vides RF source 2, or is terminated in 50 ohms to ground.
On the rear of the unit, four SMA connectors (Figure 1-4) are provided for
Reference ports a
1
and a
2
and Test Ports b
1
and b
2
. The front of the unit
as well as all other mechanical specifications is the same as the model
MS4623B.
On the MS4782D Test Set, three additional SMA connectors provide for
connecting an external circulator. If reverse measurements (S
22
and Hot
GENERAL INFORMATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
ME7840A OMM 1-7
CAUTION
Connecting the external
circulator incorrectly or
placing a direct connection
between C1 and C3 on
MS4782D rear panel will
cause permanent damage
to MS462XC.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL INFORMATION
1-8 ME 7840A OMM
Noise
In
Noise
+28V
NO OPERATOR SERVICE-
ABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
WARNING
CAUTION
FOR CONTINUED FIRE
PROTECTION REPLACE
ONLY WITH SPECIFIED
TYPE AND RATED FUSE.
IEEE 488.2
GPIB
Dedicated
GPIB
Serial Port
Ethernet
VGA
SCSI-2
Ext
Analog
Output
Ext
Trigger
LPT Line Printer
Ext I/O
Ext Analog
In
Ext
Source
Ext 10 MHz
In
47-440 Hz
85-264VAC
REPLACE FUSE ONLYWITH
SAME TYPE AND RATING
CAUTION
DO NOT OPERATE
WITH POWER CORD
UNGROUNDED
N274
a
1
a
b
a
b
1
1
2
2
b
1
b
2
a
2
Figure 1-4. MS462XC Rear Panel Showing Ports a
1
,a
2
,b
1
, and b
2
NO OPERATOR SERVICE-
ABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
WARNING
FOR CONTINUED FIRE
PROTECTION REPLACE
ONLY WITH SPECIFIED
TYPE AND RATED FUSE
CAUTION
DO NOT OPERATE
WITH POWER CORD
UNGROUNDED
CAUTION
LINE INPUT
85-240 VAC
47-63 Hz
100 VA max
FUSE 250 V 1.6 A T
Control
In
Output
Input
Ext Preamp
N274
External
Circulator
100W
Termination
(Internal)
AUT
Test Port 2
b
2
To
a
2
To
VNMS
Port 2
50 dBm
Max
50 dBm
Max
27 dBm
Max
a
1
a
2
b
1
b
2
C3
C2C1
C1
C3
C2
Figure 1-5. MS4782A Rear Panel Showing Circulator Connections C1, C2, and C3
S
22
) are not desired, then a circulator is not required. Instead, a through
line should be connected between connectors C1 and C2 (Figure 1-5). The
MS4782A is shipped from the factory with this through line in place.
1-10 K FACTOR K factor is a parameter which is sometimes used to indicate the stability
of an amplifier. K factor is a function of all four S parameters and is de
-
fined by the formula
K
SS
SS
=
--+1
2
11
2
22
22
11 21
D
Where
D =S
11
S
22
-S
12
S
21
The necessary and sufficient condition for unconditional stability is that
K>1 and
D<1
.
K factor is available as the sixth choice in the S parameters menu (first
five choices are: S
11
,S
22
,S
21
,S
12
and ALL). The same conditions and
setup as S-parameter measurements including a full 12-term calibration
applies to this measurement. The result is “dynamic” meaning that the
above formula is applied at each point for each sweep as the S parame-
ters are reported to the PC over the GPIB.
1-11 ADAPTIVE P STOP Adaptive P stop lets users enter a gain compression value at which the
program will adjust the final P
in
value during a power sweep. For exam-
ple, if user sets 3 dB P-stop, the program commands the execution of one
sweep, find P
in
value where 3 dB gain compression occurs, back up 1 in
-
crement, and reset this as the upper bound of the power sweep.
1-12 SOFTWARE
DESCRIPTION
The ME7840A software exhibits an open architecture that has been de
-
veloped using standard C++ and Visual Basic languages. The software is
compiled as an Active X exe module.
The software resides in the System Controller (PC), and communicates
with the Direct Receiver Access (DRA) Scorpionâ Vector Network Mea
-
surement System (VNMS) via the GPIB bus. Optionally, the ME7840A
software can also interface with additional GPIB capable test equipment,
such as a multimeter or a power meter.
1-13 TEST EXECUTIVE The Test Executive is an optional layer of test management software. The
ANRITSU measurement and display software does not require a separate
Test Executive, even though it can operate in conjunction with one such
as the National Instruments TestStand or customers proprietary Test
Executive. In the absence of a separate test executive, the ANRITSU soft
-
ware can be operated on a stand-alone basis or can be called directly by a
Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000 or NT program such as Word, Excel or Ac
-
cess that supports Visual Basic function calls.
GENERAL INFORMATION K FACTOR
ME7840A OMM 1-9
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Anritsu ME7840A User manual

Category
Measuring, testing & control
Type
User manual

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