2. Computers & electronics
  3. Software
  4. Operating systems
  5. Novell
  6. 00662644465449-OEM

Novell 00662644465449-OEM User manual

  • Hello! I am an AI chatbot trained to assist you with the Novell 00662644465449-OEM User manual. I’ve already reviewed the document and can help you find the information you need or explain it in simple terms. Just ask your questions, and providing more details will help me assist you more effectively!
Novell Headquarters
404 Wyman, Suite 500
Waltham, Massachusetts 02451
USA
Phone: 781.464.8000
Fax: 781.464.8100
www.novell.com/documentation
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE
ADMINISTRATION AND INSTALLATION GUIDE
www.suse.com
SUSE® LINUX
Enterprise Server 9
August 2004
SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9
100-004924-001
ADMINISTRATION AND INSTALLATION GUIDEE
SUSE LINUX AG
Maxfeldstr. 5
D-90409 Nürnberg
Germany
Phone: +49 911-740 53 0
Fax: +49 911-741 77 55
This cropmark is for saddle stiched guides only
Adjust for prefect bound manuals
9
A NOVELL BUSINESS
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page i — #1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
INSTALLATION AND ADMINISTRATION
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page ii — #2
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
9. Edition 2004
Copyright ©
This publication is intellectual property of SUSE LINUX AG.
Its contents can be duplicated, either in part or in whole, provided that a copyright
label is visibly located on each copy.
All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to de-
tail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LINUX
AG, the authors, nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the
consequences thereof.
Many of the software and hardware descriptions cited in this book are registered
trademarks. All trade names are subject to copyright restrictions and may be reg-
istered trade marks. SUSE LINUX AG essentially adheres to the manufacturer’s
spelling. Names of products and trademarks appearing in this book (with or with-
out specific notation) are likewise subject to trademark and trade protection laws
and may thus fall under copyright restrictions.
Please direct suggestions and comments to [email protected].
Authors: Stefan Behlert, Frank Bodammer, Stefan Dirsch, Olaf Donjak, Roman
Drahtmüller, Torsten Duwe, Thorsten Dubiel, Thomas Fehr, Stefan
Fent, Werner Fink, Kurt Garloff, Carsten Groß, Joachim Gleißner,
Andreas Grünbacher, Franz Hassels, Andreas Jaeger, Klaus Kämpf,
Hubert Mantel, Lars Marowsky-Bree, Johannes Meixner, Lars
Müller, Matthias Nagorni, Anas Nashif, Siegfried Olschner, Peter
Pöml, Thomas Renninger, Heiko Rommel, Marcus Schäfer, Nicolaus
Schüler, Klaus Singvogel, Hendrik Vogelsang, Klaus G. Wagner,
Rebecca Walter, Christian Zoz
Translators: Olaf Niepolt, Daniel Pisano
Editors: Jörg Arndt, Antje Faber, Berthold Gunreben, Roland Haidl, Jana
Jaeger, Edith Parzefall, Ines Pozo, Thomas Rölz, Thomas Schraitle,
Rebecca Walter
Layout: Manuela Piotrowski, Thomas Schraitle
Setting: DocBook-XML, L
A
T
E
X
This book has been printed on 100 % chlorine-free bleached paper.
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page iii — #3
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
Contents
I Installation 5
1 Installation with YaST 7
1.1 S/390, zSeries: System Start-up for Installation . . . . . . . . 8
1.2 System Start-up for Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.1 Possible Problems when Starting from the CD or DVD 8
1.3 The Boot Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Language Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.5 S/390, zSeries: Hard Disk Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6 Installation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.7 Installation Suggestion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.7.1 Installation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.7.2 Keyboard Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.7.3 Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7.4 Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7.5 Expert Partitioning with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.7.6 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.7.7 Boot Configuration (Boot Loader Installation) . . . . 32
1.7.8 Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.7.9 Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.7.10 Launching the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.7.11 S/390, zSeries: IPLing the Installed System . . . . . . 34
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page iv — #4
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
1.7.12 S/390, zSeries: Connecting to the Installed System . . 34
1.8 Finishing the Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.8.1 root Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.8.2 Network Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.8.3 Testing the Internet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.8.4 Loading Software Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.8.5 Network Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.8.6 User Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.8.7 Configuring the Host as a NIS Client . . . . . . . . . 41
1.8.8 Creating Local User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.8.9 Reading the Release Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.9 Hardware Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
1.10 Graphical Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2 YaST — Configuration 49
2.1 Starting YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.1.1 Running YaST on a Graphical Desktop . . . . . . . . 50
2.1.2 Running from a Remote Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.2 The YaST Control Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.3 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3.1 Change Installation Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3.2 YaST Online Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3.3 Patch CD Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.3.4 Installing and Removing Software . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.3.5 System Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.3.6 SUSE Software Development Kit (SDK) 9 . . . . . . . 67
2.4 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.4.1 CD-ROM Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.4.2 S/390, zSeries: DASD Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.4.3 Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.4.4 Hard Disk Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
2.4.5 Graphics Card and Monitor (SaX2) . . . . . . . . . . . 74
iv Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page v — #5
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
2.4.6 Hardware Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.4.7 IDE DMA Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.4.8 Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2.4.9 Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2.4.10 Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.4.11 ZFCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
2.5 Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.6 Network Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.6.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.6.2 Host Name and DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.6.3 NFS Client and NFS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.6.4 Configuration of a Samba Server . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.6.5 Configuration of Samba Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
2.6.6 NTP Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
2.6.7 Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
2.6.8 Mail Transfer Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
2.6.9 Mail Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2.6.10 Network Services (inetd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.7 Security and Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.7.1 User Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.7.2 Group Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
2.7.3 Security Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2.7.4 Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2.8 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.8.1 Backup Copy of the System Areas . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.8.2 Restoring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.8.3 Creating a Boot, Rescue, or Module Disk . . . . . . . 99
2.8.4 Boot Loader Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2.8.5 LVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2.8.6 EVMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2.8.7 Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2.8.8 Profile Manager (SCPM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
v
SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page vi — #6
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
2.8.9 Runlevel Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.8.10 Sysconfig Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
2.8.11 Time Zone Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
2.8.12 Language Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.8.13 Keyboard Layout Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.9 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.9.1 Submitting a Support Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
2.9.2 Boot Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.9.3 System Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.9.4 Loading a Vendor’s Driver CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.10 YaST in Text Mode (ncurses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.10.1 Navigation in Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
2.10.2 Restriction of Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
2.10.3 Starting the Individual Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
2.10.4 YaST Online Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
3 Special Installation Procedures 113
3.1 linuxrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.1.1 Main Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.1.2 System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
3.1.3 Loading Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.1.4 Entering Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.1.5 Start Installation or System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.1.6 Potential Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.1.7 Passing Parameters to linuxrc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.2 Installation with VNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
3.2.1 Preparing for the VNC Installation . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3.2.2 Clients for the VNC Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3.3 Text-Based Installation with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
3.4 Starting SUSE LINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
3.4.1 The Graphical SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.4.2 Disabling the SUSE Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
vi Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page vii — #7
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
3.5 Special Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
3.5.1 Automatic Installation with AutoYaST . . . . . . . . . 128
3.5.2 Installation from a Network Source . . . . . . . . . . 128
3.6 Tips and Tricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.6.1 Creating a Boot Disk in DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.6.2 Creating a Boot Disk in a UNIX-Type System . . . . . 130
3.6.3 Booting from a Floppy Disk (SYSLINUX) . . . . . . . 131
3.6.4 Using CD 2 for Booting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.6.5 Supported CD-ROM Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.7 ATAPI CD-ROM Hangs while Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.8 Permanent Device Names for SCSI Devices . . . . . . . . . . 134
3.9 Partitioning for Experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
3.9.1 Size of the Swap Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3.9.2 Partitioning Proposals for Special Purposes . . . . . . 135
3.9.3 Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
3.10 LVM Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
3.10.1 Logical Volume Manager (LVM) . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3.10.2 LVM Configuration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3.10.3 LVM — Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.10.4 LVM — Configuring Physical Volumes . . . . . . . . 142
3.10.5 Logical Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
3.11 Soft RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.11.1 Common RAID Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3.11.2 Soft RAID Configuration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.11.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
3.11.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
3.12 Mass Storage via IP Networks — iSCSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
viiSUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page viii — #8
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
4 Central Software Installation and Update 151
4.1 Setting up a Central Installation Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4.1.1 Configuration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4.1.2 Client Installation Using the Installation Server . . . 155
4.2 Managing Software Updates with the YOU Server . . . . . . 156
4.2.1 Configuring the Local YOU Server . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.2.2 Configuring the Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.3 Booting from the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.3.1 Configuring tftpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
4.3.2 Configuring dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
4.3.3 Launching the Boot Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
5 Updating the System and Package Management 163
5.1 Updating SUSE LINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
5.1.1 Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
5.1.2 Possible Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
5.1.3 Updating with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
5.1.4 Manual Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.2 Software Changes from Version to Version . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.2.1 From SLES8 to SLES9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.3 RPM — the Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
5.3.1 Verifying Package Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.3.2 Managing Packages: Install, Update, and Uninstall . 175
5.3.3 RPM and Patches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
5.3.4 RPM Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
5.3.5 Installing and Compiling Source Packages . . . . . . 181
5.3.6 Compiling RPM Packages with build . . . . . . . . . 183
5.3.7 Tools for RPM Archives and the RPM Database . . . 183
viii Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page ix — #9
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
6 System Repair 185
6.1 Starting YaST System Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
6.2 Automatic Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
6.3 User-Defined Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
6.4 Expert Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
6.5 S/390, zSeries: Using initrd as a Rescue System . . . . . . . . 190
6.5.1 IPLing the Rescue System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
6.5.2 Loading DASD Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
6.5.3 Mounting the Root Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
6.5.4 Changing to the Mounted File System . . . . . . . . . 192
6.5.5 Executing zipl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
6.5.6 Exiting the Rescue System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
II System 195
7 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment 197
7.1 Runtime Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
7.2 Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
7.3 Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . 200
7.4 Kernel Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
8 Booting and Boot Managers 203
8.1 Booting a PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
8.1.1 Master Boot Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
8.1.2 Boot Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
8.1.3 Booting DOS or Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
8.2 Boot Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
8.3 Map Files, GRUB, and LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
8.4 Booting with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
8.4.1 The GRUB Boot Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
8.4.2 The File device.map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
8.4.3 The File /etc/grub.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
ixSUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page x — #10
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
8.4.4 The GRUB Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
8.4.5 Setting a Boot Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
8.4.6 Boot Problems with GRUB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
8.4.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
8.5 Booting with LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
8.5.1 Configuring LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
8.5.2 Structure of lilo.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
8.5.3 Installing and Uninstalling LILO . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
8.6 Configuring the Boot Loader with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
8.6.1 The Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
8.6.2 Boot Loader Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . 224
8.7 Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
8.7.1 Restoring the MBR (DOS, Win9x, or ME) . . . . . . . 226
8.7.2 Restoring the MBR of Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . 226
8.7.3 Restoring the MBR of Windows 2000 . . . . . . . . . 227
8.8 Creating Boot CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
8.9 S/390, zSeries: The Boot Loader ZIPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
8.9.1 For Kernel Version 2.6.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
8.9.2 The ZIPL Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
9 The Linux Kernel 233
9.1 Kernel Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
9.2 Kernel Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
9.3 Kernel Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
9.3.1 Configuration on the Command Line . . . . . . . . . 235
9.3.2 Configuration in Text Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
9.3.3 Configuration in the X Window System . . . . . . . . 236
9.4 Kernel Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
9.4.1 Hardware Detection with the Help of hwinfo . . . . . 237
9.4.2 Handling Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
9.4.3 /etc/modprobe.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
9.4.4 Kmod — the Kernel Module Loader . . . . . . . . . . 238
9.5 Settings in the Kernel Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
9.6 Compiling the Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
9.7 Installing the Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
9.8 Cleaning Your Hard Disk after Compilation . . . . . . . . . . 241
x
Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xi — #11
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
10 Special Features of SUSE LINUX 243
10.1 Linux Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
10.1.1 Linux Standard Base (LSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
10.1.2 File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) . . . . . . . . . 244
10.1.3 teTeX — TeX in SUSE LINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
10.1.4 Example Environment for FTP Server . . . . . . . . . 244
10.1.5 Example Environment for HTTP Server . . . . . . . . 245
10.2 Hints on Special Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
10.2.1 Package bash and /etc/profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
10.2.2 cron Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
10.2.3 Log Files: Package logrotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
10.2.4 Man Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
10.2.5 The Command ulimit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
10.2.6 The free Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
10.2.7 The File /etc/resolv.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
10.2.8 Settings for GNU Emacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
10.3 Booting with the Initial RAM Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
10.3.1 Concept of the Initial RAM Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
10.3.2 The Order of the Booting Process with initrd . . . . . 251
10.3.3 Boot Loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
10.3.4 Using initrd in SUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
10.3.5 Possible Difficulties — Custom Kernels . . . . . . . . 255
10.3.6 Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
10.4 The SUSE Rescue System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
10.4.1 Starting the Rescue System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
10.4.2 Working with the Rescue System . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
10.5 Virtual Consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
10.6 Keyboard Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
10.7 Local Adjustments — I18N and L10N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
10.7.1 Some Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
10.7.2 Settings for Language Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
xiSUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xii — #12
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
11 The SUSE LINUX Boot Concept 265
11.1 The init Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
11.2 Runlevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
11.3 Changing Runlevels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
11.4 Init Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
11.4.1 Adding init Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
11.5 The YaST Runlevel Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
11.6 SuSEconfig and /etc/sysconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
11.7 The YaST sysconfig Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
12 The X Window System 279
12.1 Optimizing the X Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
12.1.1 Screen Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
12.1.2 Device Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
12.1.3 Monitor and Modes Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
12.2 Installing and Configuring Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
12.2.1 Font Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
12.3 OpenGL — 3D Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
12.3.1 Hardware Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
12.3.2 OpenGL Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
12.3.3 The Diagnosis Tool 3Ddiag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
12.3.4 OpenGL Test Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
12.3.5 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
12.3.6 Installation Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
12.3.7 Additional Online Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . 293
13 Printer Operation 295
13.1 Updating, Upgrading, and Migrating the Print System . . . . 296
13.1.1 Updating CUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
13.1.2 Migrating from LPRng and lpdfilter to CUPS . . . . . 297
13.2 Preparation and Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
13.3 Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers . . . . . . . . 301
13.4 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
xii Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xiii — #13
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
13.5 Configuring the Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
13.5.1 Local Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
13.5.2 Network Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
13.5.3 Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
13.6 Special Features in SUSE LINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
13.6.1 Administration with the Web Front-End (CUPS) . . . 305
13.6.2 Changes in the CUPS Print Service (cupsd) . . . . . . 306
13.6.3 PPD Files in SUSE Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
13.7 Printer Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
13.7.1 Printers without Standard Printer Language Support 310
13.7.2 No Suitable PPD File Available for a PostScript Printer310
13.7.3 Parallel Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
13.7.4 Troubleshooting Network Printers . . . . . . . . . . . 311
13.7.5 Defective Printouts without Error Message . . . . . . 314
13.7.6 Disabled Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
13.7.7 CUPS Browsing: Deleting Print Jobs . . . . . . . . . . 315
13.7.8 Defective Print Jobs and Data Transfer Errors . . . . . 315
13.7.9 Troubleshooting the CUPS Print System . . . . . . . . 316
14 The Hotplug System 317
14.1 Devices and Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
14.2 Hotplug Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
14.3 Hotplug Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
14.4 Automatic Module Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
14.5 Network Devices and Interface Designations . . . . . . . . . 321
14.6 Hotplug with PCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
14.7 Coldplug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
14.8 Error Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
14.8.1 Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
14.8.2 Boot Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
14.8.3 The Event Recorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
xiiiSUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xiv — #14
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
15 Dynamic Device Nodes with udev 323
15.1 Creating Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
15.2 Automization with NAME and SYMLINK . . . . . . . . . . . 325
15.3 Regular Expressions in Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
15.4 Key Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
15.5 Consistent Names for Mass Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . 327
16 Linux on Mobile Devices 329
16.1 PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
16.1.1 The Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
16.1.2 The Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
16.1.3 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
16.1.4 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
16.1.5 Installation with PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
16.1.6 Other Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
16.1.7 Updating the Kernel or PCMCIA Package . . . . . . 339
16.1.8 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
16.2 SCPM — System Configuration Profile Management . . . . . 340
16.2.1 Basic Terminology and Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
16.2.2 The YaST Profile Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
16.2.3 Configuring SCPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
16.2.4 Creating and Managing Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
16.2.5 Switching Configuration Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
16.2.6 Advanced Profile Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
16.2.7 Profile Selection at Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
16.2.8 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
16.3 IrDA — Infrared Data Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
16.3.1 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
16.3.2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
16.3.3 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
16.3.4 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
16.4 Bluetooth — Wireless Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
xiv Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xv — #15
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
16.4.1 Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
16.4.2 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
16.4.3 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
16.4.4 System Components and Useful Tools . . . . . . . . . 350
16.4.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
16.4.6 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
16.4.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
17 Power Management 357
17.1 Power Saving Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
17.2 APM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
17.2.1 The APM Daemon (apmd) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
17.2.2 Further Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
17.3 ACPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
17.3.1 ACPI in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
17.3.2 The ACPI Daemon (acpid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
17.3.3 ACPI Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
17.3.4 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
17.4 Rest for the Hard Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
17.5 powersave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
17.5.1 Configuration of powersave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
17.5.2 Configuration of APM and ACPI . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
17.5.3 Additional ACPI Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
17.5.4 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
17.6 The YaST Power Management Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
17.7 WOL — Wake on LAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
17.7.1 BIOS Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
17.7.2 Configuration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
17.7.3 Waking up Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
17.7.4 Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
xv
SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xvi — #16
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
18 File Systems in Linux 381
18.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
18.2 Major File Systems in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
18.2.1 Ext2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
18.2.2 Ext3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
18.2.3 Converting an Ext2 File System into Ext3 . . . . . . . 385
18.2.4 ReiserFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
18.2.5 JFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
18.2.6 XFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
18.3 Some Other Supported File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
18.4 Large File Support in Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
18.5 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
19 High Availability under Linux 393
19.1 Important Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
19.2 A Sample Minimum Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
19.3 Components of a High Availability Solution . . . . . . . . . . 395
19.4 The Software Side of High Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
19.4.1 heartbeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
19.4.2 RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
19.4.3 rsync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
19.4.4 DRBD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
19.5 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
19.5.1 Cluster Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
19.5.2 Linux Virtual Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
19.5.3 High Availability Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
19.6 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
19.6.1 HA in General and Heartbeat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
19.6.2 DRBD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
19.6.3 RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
19.6.4 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
xvi Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xvii — #17
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
20 PAM — Pluggable Authentication Modules 403
20.1 Structure of a PAM Configuration File . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
20.2 The PAM Configuration of sshd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
20.3 Configuration of PAM Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
20.3.1 pam_unix2.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
20.3.2 pam_env.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
20.3.3 pam_pwcheck.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
20.3.4 limits.conf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
20.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
III Services 411
21 Linux in the Network 413
21.1 TCP/IP — The Protocol Used by Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
21.1.1 Layer Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
21.1.2 IP Addresses and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
21.1.3 Domain Name System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
21.2 IPv6 — The Next Generation Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
21.2.1 Advantages of IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
21.2.2 The IPv6 Address System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
21.2.3 Coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
21.2.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
21.3 Manual Network Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
21.3.1 Configuration Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
21.3.2 Start-up Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
21.4 Network Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
21.4.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
21.4.2 Configuring the Network Card with YaST . . . . . . 440
21.4.3 S/390, zSeries: Configuring Network Devices . . . . 443
21.4.4 Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
21.4.5 DSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
21.4.6 ISDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
xvii
SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xviii — #18
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
21.4.7 Hotplug and PCMCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
21.4.8 Configuring IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
21.5 Routing in SUSE LINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
21.6 SLP Services in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
21.6.1 SLP Support in SUSE LINUX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
21.6.2 For More information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
21.7 DNS — Domain Name System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
21.7.1 Starting the Name Server BIND . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
21.7.2 The Configuration File /etc/named.conf . . . . . . . 460
21.7.3 Important Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . 461
21.7.4 The Configuration Section Logging . . . . . . . . . . 462
21.7.5 Zone Entry Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
21.7.6 Structure of Zone Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
21.7.7 Secure Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
21.7.8 Dynamic Update of Zone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
21.7.9 DNSSEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
21.7.10 Configuration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
21.7.11 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
21.8 LDAP — A Directory Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
21.8.1 LDAP versus NIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
21.8.2 Structure of an LDAP Directory Tree . . . . . . . . . . 479
21.8.3 Server Configuration with slapd.conf . . . . . . . . . 482
21.8.4 Data Handling in the LDAP Directory . . . . . . . . . 486
21.8.5 LDAP Server Configuration with YaST . . . . . . . . 490
21.8.6 The YaST LDAP Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
21.8.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
21.9 NIS — Network Information Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
21.9.1 NIS Master and Slave Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
21.9.2 The NIS Client Module of YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
21.10 NFS — Shared File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
21.10.1 Importing File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . 510
21.10.2 Importing File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . 510
xviii
Contents
“main” (Installation and Administration) — 2004/6/25 — 13:29 — page xix — #19
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
21.10.3 Exporting File Systems with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . 511
21.10.4 Exporting File Systems Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
21.11 DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
21.11.1 The DHCP Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
21.11.2 DHCP Software Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
21.11.3 The DHCP Server dhcpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
21.11.4 Hosts with Fixed IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
21.11.5 The SUSE LINUX Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
21.11.6 DHCP Configuration with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
21.11.7 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
21.12 Time Synchronization with xntp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
21.12.1 Configuration in the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
21.12.2 Setting up a Local Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . 527
22 The Apache Web Server 529
22.1 Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
22.1.1 Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
22.1.2 HTTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
22.1.3 URLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
22.1.4 Automatic Display of a Default Page . . . . . . . . . 531
22.2 Setting up the HTTP Server with YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
22.3 Apache Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
22.4 New Features of Apache 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
22.5 Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
22.6 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
22.6.1 Package Selection in YaST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
22.6.2 Activating Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
22.6.3 Modules for Active Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
22.6.4 Other Recommended Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
22.6.5 Installation of Modules with apxs . . . . . . . . . . . 535
22.7 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
22.7.1 Configuration with SuSEconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
xixSUSE LINUX Enterprise Server
/