Megger frax 101 User manual

Released in 2011-06-01

FRAX User's Manual

Version 2.5

Notice of copyright & proprietary rights

The contents of this manual for FRAX 2.5.2272 are the property of Megger Sweden AB. No part of this work may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, except as permitted in written license agreement with Megger

Sweden AB. Megger Sweden AB has made every reasonable attempt to ensure the completeness and accuracy of this

document. However, the information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice, and does not

represent a commitment on the part of Megger Sweden AB. Any attached hardware schematics and technical

descriptions, or software listings that disclose source code, are for informational purposes only. Reproduction in whole or

in part to create working hardware or software for other than Megger Sweden AB products is strictly prohibited, except as

permitted by written license agreement with Megger Sweden AB.

TRADEMARK NOTICES

FRAX is a trademark of Megger Sweden AB. All other brand and product names mentioned in this document are

trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

Megger Sweden AB, Eldarvagen 4, SE-187 75 TÄBY, Sweden

Tel: +46 8 510 195 00, Fax: +46 8 510 195 95

E-mail: seinfo@megger.com Internet: www.megger.com

USER'S MANUAL

for

Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer

FRAX 99, 101 and 150

IContents

Table of Contents

1 FRAX

1

................................................................................................................................... 11.1

Safety First

................................................................................................................................... 21.2

FRAX Technical Specifications

................................................................................................................................... 31.3

Instrument Panels

................................................................................................................................... 71.4

Bluetooth Communication (only FRAX-101)

................................................................................................................................... 91.5

Built-in Battery Pack and Charger

................................................................................................................................... 101.6

Sweep Frequency Response

................................................................................................................................... 111.7

Calibration

................................................................................................................................... 111.8

Disposal

2 Quick Start Tutorial

11

................................................................................................................................... 112.1

Saftey First

................................................................................................................................... 122.2

Preparatory Procedures

................................................................................................................................... 122.3

Start Up FRAX and Establish Communication

................................................................................................................................... 132.4

Create a New Test

................................................................................................................................... 142.5

Test Lead Connection

................................................................................................................................... 162.6

Test System Verification

................................................................................................................................... 192.7

Start Measurement

................................................................................................................................... 202.8

View Data

................................................................................................................................... 202.9

Export Data

3 Installing FRAX Software

20

................................................................................................................................... 213.1

PC Requirements

................................................................................................................................... 213.2

Welcome Screen

................................................................................................................................... 213.3

License Agreement

................................................................................................................................... 213.4

Already Installed

................................................................................................................................... 223.5

Installation Location

................................................................................................................................... 233.6

Shortcuts Screen

FRAX User's ManualII

................................................................................................................................... 233.7

Installation Progress

................................................................................................................................... 243.8

Installation Complete

4 FRAX Software

24

................................................................................................................................... 264.1

File Menu

................................................................................................................................... 394.2

Edit Menu

................................................................................................................................... 404.3

Configuration Menu

................................................................................................................................... 564.4

Windows Menu

................................................................................................................................... 574.5

Action Buttons

................................................................................................................................... 594.6

Legend

................................................................................................................................... 624.7

Views

5 Appendices

64

................................................................................................................................... 645.1

Appendix A: Calibration Instruction

................................................................................................................................... 705.2

Appendix B: Optional Active Probes

................................................................................................................................... 715.3

Appendix C: Adjusting Output Voltage

................................................................................................................................... 725.4

Appendix D: Sweep Name Settings

................................................................................................................................... 765.5

Appendix E: FRAX cables and clamps

1

FRAX

1

FRAX

Congratulations to your choice of FRAX Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer by Megger. We

at Megger have done our best and will continue do our best to satisfy our customers. Please

visit our home page at www.paxdiagnostics.com and do not hesitate to contact us directly.

Most dielectric and mechanical failures in large power transformers are preceded by

mechanical changes in the winding structure. These displacements in the winding structure

may be the result of transportation damage, short circuit forces, or natural aging effects on

the insulating structures used to support the windings. Detection of these displacements

before dielectric failure reduces maintenance costs, and improves system reliability.

FRAX Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer (SFRA) is designed to detect winding

displacements in power transformers or faults in the magnetic core. The system provides

attenuation signature curves that can easily be compared for deviations which indicate:

Core movements

Winding deformations and displacements

Faulty core grounds

Partial winding collapse

Hoop buckling

Broken or loosened clamping structures

Shorted turns and open windings

Unique features of FRAX:

High accuracy

Small size and low weight

Powerful analysis tools that are intuitive and easy to use

Wireless, Bluetooth, communication between laptop an instruments allows flexibility in the

field (FRAX-101 only)

Galvanic isolated USB interface for personnel and equipment safety

More safety and technical details are given in the following sections:

Safety First

FRAX Technical Specifications

Instrument panels: Front, Rear

Sweep Frequency Response

Test System Verification

Calibration

Disposal

1.1 Safety First

FRAX is a Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer designed for measuring of power transformers

in the field and at manufacturing sites.

Always follow local safety regulations.

Make certain that all personnel working with FRAX instrument have been trained in its use

and that all applicable safety precautions are taken.

Always connect the instrument to protective earth/ground using the separate earth/ground

cable. The earth/ground cable should be the first connection made and the last removed.

Do not use any accessories that are not intended for use together with the FRAX.

Refer all servicing to qualified personnel.

2

FRAX User's Manual

1.2 FRAX Technical Specifications

General

FRA Method:

Sweep frequency (SFRA)

Frequency Range:

1 Hz - 10 MHz, user selectable

Extended Frequency Range:

0.1 Hz - 25 MHz, user selectable

Number of Points:

User selectable, maximum 32,000

Points Spacing:

Logarithmic, linear or combination of both

Dynamic Range/Internal Noise:

Dynamic Range/Internal Noise: >130dB (FRAX-99

>115dB). Extended range >110dB

Accuracy:

±0.5 dB (FRAX-99 ±1 dB) down to -100dB

IF Bandwidth/Integration Time:

User selectable

Software:

FRAX for Windows 2000/XP/Vista

PC Communication:

Bluetooth (FRAX-101) and galvanic isolated USB

Calibration Interval:

Maximum 3 years

Standards:

Fulfill requirements in CIGRE Brochure 342,

Mechanical Condition Assessment of Transformer

Windings using FRA and Chinese standard DL/T

911-2004, FRA on Winding Deformation of Power

Transformers

Analog Output

Channels:

1

Compliance Voltage:

0.2 - 20 V peak-to-peak

Measurement Voltage at 50 Ohm

0.1 - 10 V peak-to-peak

Output Impedance:

50 Ohms

Protection:

Short-circuit protected

Analog Inputs

Channels:

2

Sampling:

Simultaneously, 100MS/s

Input Impedance:

50 Ohms

Physical

Instrument Weight

1.4 kg/3.1 lsb, 1.9 kg (FRAX-101 with Battery)

6 kg (13 lb) (FRAX-150)

Dimensions

250 x 169 x 52 mm (9.84 x 6.65 x 2.05 in.)

305 mm x 194 mm x 360 mm (12 in. x 7.6 in. x

14.2 in.) (FRAX-150)

Input Voltage

90-135VAC and 170-264VAC, 47-63 Hz

Environmental

Operating Ambient Temperature:

-20° to 50°C (-4 to 122°F), Bluetooth 0° to 50°C

-5° to 50°C (23 to 122°F) for FRAX-150

Operating Relative Humidity:

< 90% non-condensing

Storage Ambient Temperature:

-20° to 70°C

Storage Relative Humidity:

< 90% non-condensing

CE Standards:

IEC61010 (LVD) EN61326 (EMC)

PC requirements

3

FRAX

Operating System

Windows 2000, Windows XP or Windows Vista

Processor

Pentium 500 MHz or higher

Memory/Hard Drive

256MByte / 30MByte free or more

Interface

Bluetooth (FRAX-101 only) and USB

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

1.3 Instrument Panels

1.3.1 FRAX-101/FRAX-99

1.3.1.1

Front Panel

Left-hand side, top down:

On/Off:

On/Off-switch, to turn the instrument On/Off, Switch labeled

I (On) and 0 (Off).

DC Input:

DC-input, to connect the AC/DC adapter.

USB:

USB-connector type B, to connect a USB cable to PC

Antenna (only FRAX-101):

Bluetooth module, enables Bluetooth communication

Right-hand side, top

down:

Generator (Yellow):

Generator output connected to Reference at Red Clip

Reference (Red):

Reference input connected to Generator at Red Clip

Measure (Black):

Measure input Connected to Black Clip

4

FRAX User's Manual

Protective Earth/Ground

symbol and Protective

Earth/Ground connector

Always connect the instrument to station earth/ground using

the separate earth/ground cable. The separate earth/ground

wire should be the first connection made and the last

removed.

Probe

Connector for active probes. Optional and available on order.

Caution, risk of danger

symbol

Refers to follow instructions stated in User's Manual to ensure

safety. See Safety First.

1.3.1.2

Rear Panel

Left-hand side, top down:

Informative text

Serial number

Right-hand side, top

down:

DC input

DC-input, to connect the double insulated AC/DC adapter.

DC symbol. Polarity Symbol.

CE-mark

Megger guarantee that this product complies with relevant

CE directives and corresponding standards.

Calibration date

5

FRAX

1.3.2 FRAX-150

Left-hand side, top down:

USB:

USB-connectors

Network:

For connecting the FRAX-150 to LAN

Serial port:

For serial communication.

Right-hand side, top

down:

Protective Earth/Ground

connector

Always connect the instrument to station earth/ground using

the separate earth/ground cable. The separate earth/ground

wire should be the first connection made and the last

removed.

Power connector

Generator (Yellow):

Generator output connected to Reference at Red Clip

Reference (Red):

Reference input connected to Generator at Red Clip

Measure (Black):

Measure input Connected to Black Clip

Below the screen is a standard qwerty keyboard containing some special keys.

Tab

Backspace (or with shift) Delete

Shift key

On the right of the screen are some function buttons. They are

6

FRAX User's Manual

Power down. Shuts down the FRAX-150 computer.

Home (not used)

Help

Information (not used)

Page Up

Page Down

On the right you will find the navigation panel.

In the middle of the navigation panel you will find the controls for the pointer and buttons

for left (top) and right click (bottom). The navigation panel also contains:

Test button. Press this to start a new test or measurement. This button has the

same functionality as the "Start" button on the FRAX-150 screen.

7

FRAX

Arrow buttons and center Enter button

There is a momentary pushbutton switch on the back of the unit that is required for firmware

updates only.

1.4 Bluetooth Communication (only FRAX-101)

Bluetooth is a standard for wireless serial communication. Simply speaking, Bluetooth

replaces a serial cable between your laptop and the FRAX instrument.

The output power of Bluetooth modules are divided into three classes:

Power Class

Max Output

Power

Expected Range

Class 1

100 mW

100m / 330 feet

Class 2

2.5 mW

10 m / 33 feet

Class 3

1 mW

1m /3.3 feet

The Bluetooth module used in FRAX-101 is class 1. Also, the Bluetooth USB Adapter that

comes as a standard accessory with FRAX is class 1. Using this adapter communicating with

FRAX, you will get class 1 communication.

Many laptops of today has in-built Bluetooth capability, most common is class 2. Since the

Bluetooth module used in FRAX-101 has excellent receiving properties, a built-in Bluetooth

device may be suitable in many situations. However in field/substation environments

Bluetooth class 1 is recommended.

To configure a built-in Bluetooth device, please follow the manufacturers instruction. To

configure the Bluetooth USB Adapter that comes with the FRAX, install the included

Bluetooth software

before

you insert the adapter into the USB-port.

Note,

it is reported that in some cases an activated built-in Bluetooth and using an external

USB Bluetooth Adapter can create some conflicts in Windows. If this happens, uninstall both

adapters and reinstall only the one you plan to use.

First time you communicate with FRAX via Bluetooth, you need to establish your Bluetooth

communication before attempting to connect the FRAX Software to the FRAX instrument.

The following steps show how to add a connection between the FRAX instrument and the

computer using the Anycom USB-250 Bluetooth USB Adapter. Please note that the procedure

is managed by your operating system directly. Thus, the procedure necessary on your

computer may differ from the following steps, and it should be regarded as an example.

Start the My Bluetooth Places application and click on "Add Bluetooth Device"

8

FRAX User's Manual

Add the device called "PAX Diagnostics".

A pass code is needed. Enter the code "0000" (four zeroes) as the pass code.

Select the PAX Diagnostics device.

9

FRAX

Make sure that it is registered as a serial connection.

You can now connect to your FRAX unit from the FRAX software.

Observe that the procedure described above only needs to be done once. Next time you start

the computer simply insert the USB adapter using same USB port or use built-in Bluetooth.

Important! If you install the external USB dongle in a different USB port on your computer,

you may get a different serial COM port assigned to that USB port. Either connect to your

other USB port or change the COM port in the FRAX communication setting. Then start FRAX

software and press connect.

1.5 Built-in Battery Pack and Charger

As an option, FRAX-101 is delivered with a built-in battery pack and charger. The battery is of

Li-Ion type, 4.8Ah, 11.1V. The charger is powered from the standard AC/DC adapter that is

delivered with the instrument.

FRAX-101 automatically enters low power consumption mode when waiting for a

measurement and because a typical sweep takes approximately 1 minute, the battery lasts for

at least 3 hours of measuring or more than 12 hours idle.

Charging is performed automatically when the AC/DC adapter is connected. The FRAX-101

does not have to be turned on. To ensure long battery life, batteries will not be charged if the

battery charge is higher than 90% or if the temperature is above 40C. A complete charge

takes approximately 8 hours.

The blue LED gives indication of charging status:

10

FRAX User's Manual

LED not lit:

FRAX turned off, or FRAX is switched on, battery empty.

LED

blinking:

Charging

LED lit:

IFRAX connected to AC/DC adapter, Battery is fully charged (or charging

disabled of other reason see above)

LED lit:

FRAX runs on batteries (AC/DC adapter not connected)

1.6 Sweep Frequency Response

The FRAX "Generator" (Gen.) generates a sinusoidal voltage at a selected frequency and

measures the input voltages, amplitude and phase, on two input channels "Reference" (Ref.)

and "Measure" (Meas.). The instrument stores "Amplitude" and "Phase" data for both

"Reference" channel and "Measure" channel as well as the ratio "Measure" divided by

"Reference". The values can be plotted and exported as Magnitude, Phase, Impedance,

Impedance-Phase, Admittance and more. The Custom models function make it possible to

calculate almost any parameter based on the measured/stored data.

FRAX uses the sine correlation technique. This means that the input voltages are multiplied by

a sine and a cosine, and then averaged over an integer multiple of the interval of time. The

sine, cosine and the voltage applied have exactly the same frequency. The sine correlation

technique is well known and is suitable for Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA)

measurements. Since the signals on the two input channels are treated the same way, the

phase resolution between these two channels is very high. The rejection of DC offset and

harmonics - referred to as the applied voltage - are in theory infinite. By increasing the

integration cycles, the rejection gradually improves.

The IF Bandwidth is commonly used as a parameter defining the bandwidth around the

applied signal analyzed. An IF bandwidth of 10% of active frequency is equivalent to 12

cycles of integration.

11

FRAX

1.7 Calibration

The instrument is calibrated before leaving the factory. The recommended calibration interval

is one (1) year. The instrument can be calibrated by Megger or any calibration institute that

follows the calibration instruction given in Appendix A, Calibration Instructions.

1.8 Disposal

FRAX and its accessories are all manufactured after August 12, 2005. Megger is responsible for

the disposal of old FRAX units. The FRAX unit can be sent back to Megger for disposal at any

time at no additional charge.

2

Quick Start Tutorial

This tutorial provides an introduction on how to use FRAX and FRAX software. They are

intentionally kept brief so that you can start using the instrument and software as quickly as

possible. The objective is not to teach you every single detail but to familiarize you with the

basic principles.

The quick start tutorial is divided into the following sections:

Safety First

Preparatory Procedures

Start Up FRAX and Establish Communication

Create a New File

Test Lead Connection

Start Measurement

View Data

Export data

2.1 Saftey First

FRAX is a Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer designed for measuring power transformers in

the field and at manufacturing sites.

Always follow local safety regulations.

Make certain that all personnel who work with FRAX instrument have been trained in its

use and that all applicable safety precautions are taken.

Always connect the instrument to protective earth/ground using the separate earth/ground

cable. The earth/ground cable should be the first connection made and the last removed.

12

FRAX User's Manual

Do not use any accessories that are not intended to use with the FRAX.

Refer all servicing to qualified personnel.

2.2 Preparatory Procedures

Always follow local safety regulations!

The transformer must be disconnected from the net, which means that any connection to

the transformer bushings including neutral(s) must be disconnected.

The transformer tank must be properly grounded.

If the transformer is equipped with a Load Tap Changer (LTC), the position of the LTC will

influence the FRA measurement. The recommendation is to put the LTC in the position to

include all tap windings in circuit ("Extreme Raise" position), and note that this LTC

position is used. If making measurements at several tap positions, make sure to note each

tap position.

If the transformer is equipped with a De-Energized Tap Changer (DETC), the position of the

DETC will influence the FRA measurement. The recommendation is to leave it at the

nominal tap position unless otherwise specified. Make sure to note the DETC position in the

Nameplate section of the software.

1. Connect the FRAX instrument to station earth/ground near the power transformer to be

measured using the separate earth/ground wire (at bottom of transformer if instrument is

operated beside the transformer, at another good connection to transformer at top of

transformer if instrument is used on top of transformer). The separate earth/ground wire

should be the first connection made and the last removed.

2. Connect the test lead BNC connectors to the FRAX instrument, Generator (yellow),

Reference (red) and Measure (black).

3. Connect the AC/DC Adapter to the FRAX and a power source that meets local safety

regulations

and

the AC/DC Adapter specifications

or

use optional in-built battery supply.

4. If not using Bluetooth communication, connect the USB cable to the FRAX and your

computer.

5. Turn on the FRAX.

6. Start FRAX-software on your PC and establish communication, see Establish Communication

.

2.3 Start Up FRAX and Establish Communication

If using Bluetooth communication:

Establish Bluetooth communication, see also detailed description Bluetooth Wireless

Communication. Usually you will be assigned a serial port number, e.g. 8 that should be

used when FRAX establish connection. Note that FRAX Software remembers the last used

port.

If using USB communication:

connect the USB cable to the computer and to the FRAX.

the computer should display a message that it found new hardware

Start up the FRAX Software and establish communication

Start up FRAX Software

"Connect" by select Connect in under menu File, by clicking the Connect-button on the

right hand side of window or use the F7-key. If connections are set-up properly the window

name will change from "FRAX (Disconnected)" to FRAX (Connected). If the connection

13

Quick Start Tutorial

doesn't work, you will get an error message suggesting what to do, normally selecting the

suggested port number with a green symbol next to it.

2.4 Create a New Test

A test starts by creating a sequence of sweeps and decide where to save data by use of "New

Test".

Use the command "New Test" from the File menu or use of Ctrl+N or use of the button

"New Test".

The "Measurement type" window will appear. In "Measurement type" window, select the tab

of your choice:

Quick Test

Makes a single sweep test with the Sweep label of your choice

Multiple Sweeps

Makes it possible to select a pre-defined test template or design

"Sweep groups"

Use Measurement as

Template

Makes it possible to use an earlier measurement as template for a new

measurement

If you select the "Multiple Sweeps" tab you will be given a choice of different pre-defined

templates for different transformer designs. Select Sweeps that you want to make and press

OK. Note that you can always add new sets of sweeps with different names.

If you selected "Quick Test" or "Multiple Sweeps" in the "Measurement type" dialog, an

almost empty nameplate will appear. The "Test date:" is automatically added from your PC

system date. Please fill in the Nameplate data (no field is required) and press "OK". The

selected measurement sweeps are visible in the in the Test Browser.

14

FRAX User's Manual

If the "Measurement type" "Use Measurement as Template" is used the Nameplate contains

the Template Nameplate as default, except the "Test Date" that is automatically added from

your PC system.

After enter Nameplate information and press "OK". A "Save As.." dialog where you can select

the file structure and a name of your choice . The default directory will be

My Docum ents

on

first start and then the directory you used last time. The file name will be formatted as

selected in default filename settings. Click Save to save the file.

Note that you can always add information to the "Nameplate" at any time. This feature

makes it possible to add notes during the measurement.

Fore more details see New Test in chapter FRAX Software, File menu.

2.5 Test Lead Connection

The new innovative FRAX clamp helps the user to connect and achieve repeatable test results

in the simplest way possible. It handles both round and flat connectors and is easy to attach

to any bushing. The firm grip allows heavy cables and accessories to be mounted near the

bushing without any risk of the clamp falling off. The new clamp offers all necessary

connectors (BNC, ground braid, cable strain relief) in one clamp. See Appendix E: FRAX cables

and clamps.

15

Quick Start Tutorial

Make sure to follow local safety regulations! Local safety regulations most certainly prescribe

all bushing connections to be earthed/grounded when working on the transformer e.g.

connecting the FRAX test leads. The ground braid shall go from the top clamp the shortest

way to the bottom of the bushing. Good ground connection is essential.

Important! The test connection polarity is important since reversed polarity will produce

different results. The user has to establish a polarity convention. In this software it is assumed,

and recommended, that H1-H0 imply the red/yellow connectors (source and reference) is

connected to H1 and the black (measure) is connected to H0.

Connect FRAX test leads:

Make sure to remove paint and or rust from the nuts or bolts used on the flange for proper

measurement ground connections.

Connect the red and yellow (source and reference) to the clamp at the top of a bushing and

corresponding ground braid to the base of bushing. Make sure that the braid do not touch

any conducting part at top of bushing.

Connect the black (measure) lead to the clamp at the top of the other bushing and the

corresponding ground braid to the base of bushing. Make sure that the braid do not touch

any conducting part at top of bushing.

Following local safety regulations, remove possible ground connections from top of the

bushings.

Using an easy repeatable cable setup is crucial to ensure reliable FRA results.

16

FRAX User's Manual

2.6 Test System Verification

Test leads should be checked for continuity and integrity before use. The best means for

checking lead integrity and correct operation of the equipment is to perform the FRA self-

check using a standard test object. This check is especially valuable for checking FRA test

equipment, since there is generally no intuitive way of knowing if the test equipment is

giving correct results when making field measurements.

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