WE866C3 Wi-Fi Network Interface Card
(NIC) User Guide
1VV0301545 Rev 1.0 – 2018-07-09
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SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
NOTICE
While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document, Telit
assumes no liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or from
use of the information obtained herein. The information in this document has been
carefully checked and is believed to be reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for
inaccuracies or omissions. Telit reserves the right to make changes to any products
described herein and reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from
time to time in content hereof with no obligation to notify any person of revisions or
changes. Telit does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any
product, software, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey license under its
patent rights or the rights of others.
It is possible that this publication may contain references to, or information about Telit
products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in
your country. Such references or information must not be construed to mean that Telit
intends to announce such Telit products, programming, or services in your country.
COPYRIGHTS
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be, include or describe copyrighted Telit material, such as computer programs stored in
semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the Italy and other countries preserve
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the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Telit, as arises by operation of law in the
sale of a product.
COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS
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manual may include copyrighted Telit and other 3rd Party supplied computer programs
stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the Italy and other countries
preserve for Telit and other 3rd Party supplied SW certain exclusive rights for copyrighted
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instruction manual may not be copied (reverse engineered) or reproduced in any manner
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the purchase of Telit products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication,
estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of
Telit or other 3rd Party supplied SW, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free
license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.
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USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS
I. License Agreements
The software described in this document is the property of Telit and its licensors. It is
furnished by express license agreement only and may be used only in accordance with
the terms of such an agreement.
II. Copyrighted Materials
Software and documentation are copyrighted materials. Making unauthorized copies is
prohibited by law. No part of the software or documentation may be reproduced,
transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or
computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of Telit
III. High Risk Materials
Components, units, or third-party products used in the product described herein are NOT
fault-tolerant and are NOT designed, manufactured, or intended for use as on-line control
equipment in the following hazardous environments requiring fail-safe controls: the
operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication Systems, Air
Traffic Control, Life Support, or Weapons Systems (High Risk Activities"). Telit and its
supplier(s) specifically disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness for such High
Risk Activities.
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TELIT and the Stylized T Logo are registered in Trademark Office. All other product or
service names are the property of their respective owners.
V. Third Party Rights
The software may include Third Party Right software. In this case you agree to comply
with all terms and conditions imposed on you in respect of such separate software. In
addition to Third Party Terms, the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provisions
in this License shall apply to the Third Party Right software.
TELIT HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
FROM ANY THIRD PARTIES REGARDING ANY SEPARATE FILES, ANY THIRD
PARTY MATERIALS INCLUDED IN THE SOFTWARE, ANY THIRD PARTY MATERIALS
FROM WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS DERIVED (COLLECTIVELY “OTHER CODE”), AND
THE USE OF ANY OR ALL THE OTHER CODE IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE, INCLUDING (WITHOUT LIMITATION) ANY WARRANTIES OF
SATISFACTORY QUALITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
NO THIRD PARTY LICENSORS OF OTHER CODE SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS),
HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER MADE UNDER CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHER
LEGAL THEORY, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF
THE OTHER CODE OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED UNDER EITHER
OR BOTH THIS LICENSE AND THE LEGAL TERMS APPLICABLE TO ANY SEPARATE
FILES, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
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Contents
NOTICE….. ....................................................................................................... 2
COPYRIGHTS .................................................................................................. 2
COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS ....................................................... 2
USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS ................................................ 3
CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... 4
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 7
Scope ............................................................................................. 7
Audience ........................................................................................ 7
Contact Information and Support ................................................... 7
Text Convention ............................................................................. 8
Related Documents ........................................................................ 9
2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS ....................... 10
Hardware Components ................................................................ 10
Linux Host .................................................................................... 11
WE866C3 Modules ...................................................................... 11
SDIO Interconnect ........................................................................ 11
Software Components .................................................................. 11
Linux Application .......................................................................... 12
2.2.1.1. WPA Supplicant ............................................................................ 12
2.2.1.2. WPA CLI ....................................................................................... 12
2.2.1.3. Hostapd ........................................................................................ 12
2.2.1.4. Hostapd CLI .................................................................................. 12
2.2.1.5. UserApp ........................................................................................ 12
Telit Wi-Fi NIC Applications .......................................................... 12
2.2.2.1. WE866C3 Wi-Fi Driver ................................................................. 12
2.2.2.2. WE866C3 Firmware ..................................................................... 12
Software Package ........................................................................ 13
3. REFERENCE PLATFORM .......................................................... 14
X86 PC Host Platform .................................................................. 14
Arm Cortex A9 Embedded Platform ............................................. 14
4. BUILDING AND LOADING THE SOFTWARE ............................ 17
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X86 PC Host Platform .................................................................. 17
ARM Cortex A9 Embedded Platform ............................................ 17
WE866C3 Linux Package ............................................................ 17
Building WE866C3 Driver ............................................................. 17
Loading the Driver Module ........................................................... 17
5. WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATIONS ...................................... 19
WE866C3 WLAN Interface Details ............................................... 19
STA Mode .................................................................................... 19
AP Mode ....................................................................................... 21
Concurrent Mode Operation ......................................................... 23
STA - AP Mode Concurrency ....................................................... 23
STA - P2P Mode Concurrency ..................................................... 24
P2P Mode ..................................................................................... 24
P2P Client Mode .......................................................................... 25
P2P GO Mode .............................................................................. 25
Throughput Measurement ............................................................ 26
UDP Throughput Test Procedure in Station Mode ....................... 26
TCP Throughput Test Procedure in Station Mode ....................... 27
APPENDIX A: DOWNLOADING, BUILDING, AND INSTALLING LINUX KERNEL ON
X86 UBUNTU ................................................................................................. 28
A.1 Test Setup Preparation ................................................................ 28
A.2 Installing Linux Kernel v4.9.11 ..................................................... 28
A.3 Building WE866C3 Driver for x86 Platform .................................. 30
APPENDIX B: BUILDING AND INSTALLING LINUX KERNEL AND DRIVER ON NXP
I.MX 6 EMBEDDED HOST ............................................................................. 31
B.1 Basic Requirements ..................................................................... 31
B.2 Building the Kernel for i.MX 6 Platform......................................... 31
B.3 Setting up the SD Card ................................................................ 33
B.4 Building WE866C3 Wi-Fi Linux Application for i.MX 6 on EVK
platform ........................................................................................ 34
6. DOCUMENT HISTORY ................................................................ 36
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FIGURE LIST
Figure 1:- Software Components .................................................................................... 11
Figure 2:- i.MX 6SLL EVK Board .................................................................................... 14
Figure 3:- WE866C3 Board ............................................................................................. 15
Figure 4:- Jumper Position for 1.8v SDIO Signal ............................................................ 15
Figure 5:- Jumper Position for 3.3v SDIO Signal ............................................................ 16
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1. INTRODUCTION
Scope
This user guide provides information required to install and evaluate Telit Wi-Fi NIC driver
for Linux hosts with WE866C3 modules. It also provides guidelines to prepare the host
platform and start testing the module using the Linux supplicant applications.
Audience
This document is intended for Telit customers, who are integrators and about to implement
their applications using Telit Wi-Fi NIC module.
Contact Information and Support
For general contact, technical support services, technical questions and report
documentation errors, contact Telit Technical Support at:
Alternatively, use:
http://www.telit.com/support
For detailed information about where you can buy the Telit modules or for
recommendations on accessories and components visit:
http://www.telit.com
Our aim is to make this guide as helpful as possible. Keep us informed of your comments
and suggestions for improvements.
Telit appreciates feedback from the users of our information.
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Text Convention
Danger – This information MUST be followed or catastrophic
equipment failure or bodily injury may occur.
Caution or Warning – Alerts the user to important points about
integrating the module, if these points are not followed, the module
and end user equipment may fail or malfunction.
Tip or Information – Provides advice and suggestions that may be
useful when integrating the module.
All dates are in ISO 8601 format, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.
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Related Documents
Please refer to https://www.telit.com/m2m-iot-products/wifi-bluetooth-modules/ for current
documentation and downloads.
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2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
This chapter describes the components and procedures for building a wireless application
with a Linux host and Telit WE866C3 Wi-Fi NIC module.
The Telit WE866C3 module provides IEEE802.11a/b/g/n/ac Wireless LAN functionalities.
It integrates complete MAC, PHY and RF functionality on a single chip providing a low
cost and an easy-to-use solution for adding wireless connectivity to applications.
WE866C3 modules integrate the required components like crystals, regulators, RF front
end components to provide ready-to-use WLAN radio modules that can be used as NIC
cards to provide network connectivity to hosts. These modules are regulatory, certified
and calibrated for easy integration and building applications instantly without requiring any
work on radio connectivity modules.
WE866C3 modules provide an external interface, i.e., SDIO port to interface it to a variety
of hosts. The SDIO interface provides Ultra High Speed (SDR104) interconnection for
faster communication with the host systems that are based on processors with 32-bit CPU
and MMU which run on Linux operating systems. The Linux host runs the WLAN drivers,
the network stack, the supplicant and authenticator 802.11 security applications to
establish an 802.11 based Wireless LAN network using the WE866C3 module.
Standard Linux applications such as “wpa_supplicant” and “hostapd” are used for control
path communications and standard Linux data path is used for data communications, and
no custom software required.
Hardware Components
The following diagram illustrates the hardware components:
Figure :-Hardware Components
The description to the hardware components are as follows:
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Linux Host
The Linux host can be any processor system that can run standard Linux software. It can
be a high end X86 PC or an embedded platform like i.MX 6SLL. The host processor should
be a 32-bit system running a 32-bit Linux operating system.
NOTE:
Currently, WE866C3 driver is supported in 32-bit Linux environment
only.
WE866C3 Modules
WE866C3 modules acts as NIC card, providing IEEE802.11 a/b/g/n/ac MAC functionalities.
SDIO Interconnect
The SDIO interconnect provides connectivity between the host and WE866C3 module
processor.
Software Components
The following diagram illustrates the software components being used. Telit Wi-Fi NIC
host software is provided along with the package – which is required to be installed in a
directory and built, for details refer to 4. Building and Loading the Software.
Figure 1:- Software Components
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Linux Application
Standard Linux applications are used for network connection setup and management.
Following are the standard Linux application:
2.2.1.1. WPA Supplicant
“wpa_supplicant” is a WPA supplicant for Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, and Windows with WPA
and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN) support. It is suitable for both desktop/laptop computers
and embedded systems. The supplicant is IEEE 802.1X/WPA component that is used in
the client stations. It implements key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator, controls the
roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of WLAN driver.
2.2.1.2. WPA CLI
“wpa_cli” is a text-based frontend program interacting with “wpa_supplicant”. It is used to
get the status, change configuration, trigger events, and request interactive user input.
2.2.1.3. Hostapd
“hostapd” is a user space daemon for access point and authentication servers. It
implements IEEE 802.11 access point management, IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP
Authenticators, RADIUS client, EAP server, and RADIUS authentication server.
2.2.1.4. Hostapd CLI
“hostapd_cli” utility is a text-based frontend program for interacting with hostapd.
2.2.1.5. UserApp
“UserApp” makes use of networking services to setup socket connections and perform
data transfer.
Telit Wi-Fi NIC Applications
2.2.2.1. WE866C3 Wi-Fi Driver
WE866C3 Wi-Fi driver software package provided by Telit, is a kernel module which
implements Wi-Fi driver for interfacing the Linux kernel network control and data path to
the WE866C3 Wi-Fi device. It’s implemented as an IEEE802.11 Soft-MAC driver to
establish communication between the Linux kernel and WE866C3 device. It contains
SDIO driver adaptation layer for communication between Linux kernel and WE866C3
device over SDIO interconnect. It also performs queuing and flow control.
2.2.2.2. WE866C3 Firmware
WE866C3 firmware binaries are provided as part of the driver software package. These
binaries should be placed at a certain location in the Linux host machine file system. These
binaries will be accessed by the WE866C3 device to implement the IEEE 802.11 MAC
functionality. It handles scan, association and data transfer functionality and implements
other MAC features, PHY and RF functionalities etc.
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Software Package
Telit Wi-Fi NIC software package “WE866C3.tar.gz” consists of Telit Wi-Fi NIC software
components and few tools.
Following are the software package contents:
1. apps – This folder contains the supported application software files
2. build – This folder contains scripts and make files to compile the driver software
3. drivers – This folder contains driver source code files and make files
a. patches – This folder contains required patch files to be used in the Linux host
system
b. firmware – This folder contains binary images needed to run the WE866C3
device
4. bsp – This folder contains the files that support the bringing up of the platform
a. i.mx 6sll – This folder contains patch file for i.MX 6SLL EVK platform.
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3. REFERENCE PLATFORM
This chapter describes the reference platform used to demonstrate the solution, the setup
and applications used.
X86 PC Host Platform
“Lenovo Thinkpad T410i” laptop is used as the X86 PC host for testing the WE866C3
WLAN module. This host machine is booted with Ubuntu 16.04, 32-bit OS and the Linux
kernel version 4.9.11.
Arm Cortex A9 Embedded Platform
i.MX 6SLL-EVK board is used as embedded host platform to test WE866C3 module. i.MX
6SLL application processor is a single Arm® Cortex®-A9, which operates up to a speed
of 1GHz. Products based on the i.MX 6SLL application processors enables cost effective,
rapid development of multimedia applications for Android® and Linux® operating systems.
This board has an SD card slot to plug WE866C3 target board for testing.
Figure 2:- i.MX 6SLL EVK Board
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Figure 3:- WE866C3 Board
The WE866C3 NIC card has an LED indicator and an antenna mount point to plug in the
connector cables from the external antennas. It also has a jumper to select between 1.8v
and 3.3v SDIO line signal operations, depending on the host platform with SDIO controller
capabilities.
If the host SDIO controller is based on SD 2.0 protocol, then it supports only 3.3v I/O
operation. So, the jumper should be put into 3.3v position.
If the host SDIO controller is based on SD 3.0 protocol, then it supports 1.8v I/O operation.
The jumper should be put in the 1.8v position.
1.8v and 3.3v jumper positions are given in the following figure:
Figure 4:- Jumper Position for 1.8v SDIO Signal
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Figure 5:- Jumper Position for 3.3v SDIO Signal
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4. BUILDING AND LOADING THE SOFTWARE
This chapter provides the steps for building WE866C3 Linux drivers, loading and running
them on a reference platform.
Telit WE866C3 Wi-Fi driver software package consists of folders such as apps, build,
drivers etc. It generates the folder rootfste-p233.build after building the driver. WE866C3
driver is supported with the Linux kernel version 4.9.11. The Linux kernel 4.9.11 should
be patched with the kernel patch files given in the driver software package.
X86 PC Host Platform
The X86 host machine is loaded with Linux kernel v4.9.11 and patched with the kernel
patches provided in the software package of WE866C3 driver. Now X86 host platform is
ready to build the driver software. For details refer to Appendix A: Downloading, Building,
and Installing Linux Kernel on x86 Ubuntu.
ARM Cortex A9 Embedded Platform
i.MX 6SLL-EVK board must be booted with Linux kernel v4.9.11 built and with the required
patches. The driver project should be cross-compiled for the i.MX 6SLL_EVK platform.
For details refer to Appendix B: Building and Installing Linux Kernel and Driver on NXP
i.MX 6 Embedded Host
WE866C3 Linux Package
This step is common for all Linux host platforms.
1. Create a folder called “telit”.
mkdir ~/telit
2. Copy “WE866C3.tar.gz” package into this directory.
3. Unzip the package using following command.
tar xvf WE866C3.tar.gz
Building WE866C3 Driver
1. To build the driver, go to the build directory in the WE866C3 project.
cd WE866C3/build
2. To clean and build the driver, run the make command with clean option.
make clean
3. Run the make command to build the driver files.
make
When the build to the driver code is successful, the loadable kernel object file (wlan.ko) is
generated and placed in the output directory
WE866C3/rootfs-te-p233.build/lib/modules
Loading the Driver Module
The binaries needed for module WLAN functionality will be available in the directory -
WE866C3/rootfs-te-p233.build/lib/firmware/WLAN-firmware/. These binaries must be
copied to the location /lib/firmware in the host platform.
The required driver configuration files will be available in the directory – WE866C3/rootfs-
te-p233.build/lib/firmware/wlan/. These files should be copied to the location
/lib/firmware/wlan in the host machine.
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Before placing the driver object (wlan.ko) file, plug the WE866C3 Wi-Fi card in SDIO slot
of the host machine.
1. Insert the WE866C3 kernel object(.ko) file into Linux kernel.
sudo insmod rootfs-te-p233.build/lib/modules/wlan.ko
2. WE866C3 Wi-Fi card will be listed as a wireless device with the names wlan0 &
p2p0, in the network interface list.
ifconfig -a
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5. WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATIONS
This chapter provides step by step procedure to setup wireless network connectivity and
perform data transfer. Prepare the system (refer Chapter – “4 Building and Loading the
Software”) before configuring the WLAN interface.
Following are the steps to connect to the wireless network and test data transfer, once the
WLAN interface is configured:
NOTE:
Configuration instructions are only for reference and contain typical
example. For more details refer – “Linux documentation”.
WE866C3 WLAN Interface Details
If the driver is loaded correctly, WE866C3 device will be listed in the wireless interfaces
present in the host system. WE866C3 module will register two wireless interfaces wlan0
& p2p0. This is verified using the following command:
Ifconfig
The following command is used to find the physical device corresponding to WE866C3
WLAN interface:
iw dev
The following command is used to check the features and commands supported by all
devices:
iw phy
STA Mode
Telit WE866C3 module supports 802.11 b/g/n & a/ac modes in STA operations. STA mode
supports connecting to both 2.4 GHz & 5GHz BSS networks.
Following are the steps required to configure and test wireless interface in station mode:
1. Configure DHCP
a. Open configuration file and make sure DHCP is enabled.
vi /etc/network/interfaces
b. File should contain below two lines:
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
2. Restart networking
/etc/init.d/networking restart
3. Create or update the configuration file. In STA mode, configuration file is common
between the 802.11b/g/n or 802.11a/ac networks.
Typical configuration file contains the following references:
a. Open Mode (for example sta_open_con.conf file)
ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
network={
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ssid="MY_AP_OPEN"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=NONE
}
b. AES security (for example sta_aes_con.conf file)
ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
network={
ssid="MY_AP_AES"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="TelitDemo123"
proto=RSN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
}
4. Terminate wpa_supplicant (if its running)
sudo killall wpa_supplicant
sudo rfkill unblock wifi
5. Start wpa_supplicant and initiate connection (use the required conf file)
For example:
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_open_con.conf
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_aes_con.conf
6. Get IP address by running dhclient
dhclient wlan0
7. To check the IP address and status:
ifconfig wlan0
8. If needed disable power save feature
sudo iw dev wlan0 set power_save off
sudo iw dev wlan0 get power_save
9. If required start wpa_cli application
wpa_cli -i wlan0
10. Test data transfer using ping
ping <AP IP address>
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