GS2K Wi-Fi Network Interface Card
(NIC) User Guide
1VV0301491 Rev 2.0 – 2018-02-13
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TELIT MAY MAKE CHANGES TO SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT
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USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS
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The software described in this document is the property of Telit and its licensors. It is
furnished by express license agreement only and may be used only in accordance with
the terms of such an agreement.
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or computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission
of Telit.
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Components, units, or third-party products used in the product described herein are NOT
fault-tolerant and are NOT designed, manufactured, or intended for use as on-line
control equipment in the following hazardous environments requiring fail-safe controls:
the operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication
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Telit and its supplier(s) specifically disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness
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CONTENTS
NOTICES…………. ........................................................................................... 2
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY ............................................................................. 2
COPYRIGHT ..................................................................................................... 2
USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS ................................................ 3
CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... 4
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 7
1.1. Scope ............................................................................................. 7
1.2. Audience ........................................................................................ 7
1.3. Contact Information and Support ................................................... 7
1.4. Text Convention ............................................................................. 7
1.5. Related Documents ........................................................................ 8
2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS ......................... 9
2.1. Hardware Components .................................................................. 9
2.1.1. Linux Host ...................................................................................... 9
2.1.2. GS2K Modules ............................................................................. 10
2.1.3. SDIO Interconnect ........................................................................ 10
2.2. Software Components .................................................................. 10
2.2.1. Linux Application .......................................................................... 10
2.2.1.1. WPA Supplicant ............................................................................ 10
2.2.1.2. Hostapd ........................................................................................ 11
2.2.1.3. WPA CLI ....................................................................................... 11
2.2.1.4. Hostapd CLI .................................................................................. 11
2.2.1.5. UserApp ........................................................................................ 11
2.2.2. Telit Wi-Fi NIC Applications .......................................................... 11
2.2.2.1. OTHFU Application ...................................................................... 11
2.2.2.2. RF Test Tool ................................................................................. 11
2.2.3. Linux Kernel ................................................................................. 11
2.2.4. GS2K Wi-Fi Driver ........................................................................ 11
2.2.5. GS2K Firmware ............................................................................ 11
2.3. Software Package ........................................................................ 12
3. REFERENCE PLATFORM .......................................................... 13
3.1. X86 PC Host Platform .................................................................. 13
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3.2. Arm Cortex A9 Embedded Platform ............................................. 13
3.3. GS2K SDIO Wi-Fi Adapter Board(WAB) ...................................... 13
4. BUILDING AND LOADING THE SOFTWARE ............................ 15
4.1. GS2K Linux Package ................................................................... 15
4.2. X86 PC Platform ........................................................................... 15
4.2.1. Building the Kernel and Loading the Host .................................... 15
4.2.2. Building the Driver ........................................................................ 15
4.2.3. Preparing the Test Setup ............................................................. 15
4.2.4. Load and Run the Driver .............................................................. 15
4.3. ARM Cortex A9 Embedded Platform ............................................ 15
4.3.1. Building the kernel and Driver, loading the Host .......................... 15
4.3.2. Preparing the Test Setup ............................................................. 16
4.3.3. Loading and Running the Driver ................................................... 16
5. WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATIONS ...................................... 17
5.1. Steps to load the GS2K Wi-Fi module during boot time: .............. 17
5.2. GS2K WLAN interface details ...................................................... 17
5.3. STA Mode .................................................................................... 17
5.4. AP Mode ....................................................................................... 19
5.5. Throughput measurement ............................................................ 22
5.5.1. UDP throughput Test procedure in station mode ......................... 22
5.5.2. TCP throughput Test procedure in station mode .......................... 23
6. OVER THE HOST FIRMWARE UPDATE .................................... 24
6.1. GS2K OTHFU Application ............................................................ 24
6.2. Compiling and building the application ......................................... 25
6.3. Build requirements: ...................................................................... 25
6.4. Typical command sequence for OTHFU ...................................... 25
7. RF TEST COMMANDS ................................................................ 26
7.1. GS2K RF Test Application............................................................ 26
7.2. Compiling and building the application ......................................... 27
7.3. Build requirements ....................................................................... 27
7.4. Typical command sequence for RF TEST.................................... 27
APPENDIX A: DOWNLOADING, BUILDING AND INSTALLING LINUX KERNEL ON
X86 UBUNTU ................................................................................................. 29
A.1 Get the source code ..................................................................... 29
A.2 Building the kernel ........................................................................ 33
A.3 Installing and booting the kernel ................................................... 33
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APPENDIX B: BUILDING AND INSTALLING LINUX KERNEL AND DRIVER ON NXP I
MX6 EMBEDDED HOST ................................................................................ 34
B.1 Bringing up the NXP IMX6 EVK Board: ........................................ 34
B.2 Setting up the SD card ................................................................. 36
APPENDIX C: RF TEST COMMAND AND ARGUMENT DESCRIPTION ..... 38
C.1 Regulatory and Transmit Tests using RF Test Commands .......... 38
C.1.1 Regulatory Testing ....................................................................... 38
C.1.2 Transmit Testing ........................................................................... 38
C.1.3 Gain Control Table ....................................................................... 38
C.1.4. Start RF Test ................................................................................ 38
C.1.5. Stop RF Test ................................................................................ 38
C.1.6. Asynchronous Frame Transmission ............................................. 38
C.1.7 Start Asynchronous Frame Reception .......................................... 41
C.1.8 Stop Asynchronous Frame Reception .......................................... 43
C.1.9 Asynchronous Frame Transmission (TX99 mode) ....................... 44
C.1.10. Asynchronous Frame Transmission (TX100 mode) ..................... 49
APPENDIX D: PROGRAMMING SETUP - GAINSPAN WAB BOARD ......... 52
DOCUMENT HISTORY .................................................................................. 53
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Scope
This user guide provides information required to install and evaluate Telit Wi-Fi NIC
driver for Linux hosts with GS2K modules. It also provides guidelines for using firmware
update and RF test commands.
1.2. Audience
This document is intended for Telit customers, who are integrators and about to
implement their applications using Telit Wi-Fi NIC module.
1.3. Contact Information and Support
For general contact, technical support services, technical questions and report
documentation errors contact Telit Technical Support at:
Alternatively, use:
http://www.telit.com/support
For detailed information about where you can buy the Telit modules or for
recommendations on accessories and components visit:
http://www.telit.com
Our aim is to make this guide as helpful as possible. Keep us informed of your comments
and suggestions for improvements.
Telit appreciates feedback from the users of our information.
1.4. Text Convention
Danger – This information MUST be followed or catastrophic
equipment failure or bodily injury may occur.
Caution or Warning – Alerts the user to important points about
integrating the module, if these points are not followed, the module
and end user equipment may fail or malfunction.
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Tip or Information – Provides advice and suggestions that may be
useful when integrating the module.
All dates are in ISO 8601 format, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.
1.5. Related Documents
Please refer to http://www.telit.com/gnss/ for current documentation and downloads.
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2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
This chapter describes the components and procedures for building a wireless
application with Linux host and Telit Wi-Fi NIC module.
The GS2K chipset implements 802.11 b/g/n MAC+PHY functionality. It integrates
complete MAC, PHY and RF functionality on a single chip providing a low cost and easy-
to-use solution for adding wireless connectivity to applications.
GS2K based modules (GS2200M and GS2101M) integrate GS2K chipset and required
components like crystals, regulators, RF front end components to provide ready-to-use
WLAN radio modules that can be used as NIC cards to provide network connectivity to
hosts. These modules are regulatory, certified and calibrated for easy integration and
build applications instantly without requiring any work on radio connectivity modules.
GS2K based modules provides host interface over SDIO, SPI and UART for connecting
a variety of hosts. The SDIO interface provides high speed interconnection for bigger
host systems that are based on processors with 32-bit CPU and MMU which run on
Linux operating systems. The Linux host implements the GS2K drivers, the network
stack, the supplicant and authenticator 802.11 security and the applications. It also
communicates with GS2K modules over SDIO.GS2K modules implements commands
and functionality to support Linux network API.
Standard Linux applications like “wpa_supplicant” and “hostapd” are used for control
path and standard Linux data path is used for data communications requiring no custom
software. Custom applications are used only for device firmware update and RF test as
they are not part of standard Linux offerings.
NOTE:
SPI, UART interface currently not supported.
2.1. Hardware Components
The following diagram illustrates the hardware components:
The description to the hardware components are as follows:
2.1.1. Linux Host
The Linux host can be any processor system that can run standard Linux software. It can
be a high end X86 PC or an embedded platform like i.MX6SLL. The host processor is
selected by customer.
Linux Host
(e.g., X86 PC, i.MX6SLL)
GS2K Module
(GS2200MIZ, GS2101MIP, etc)
SDIO interconnect
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2.1.2. GS2K Modules
GS2K modules acts as NIC card, it is based on GS2K chipset and supports all GS2K
modules.
2.1.3. SDIO Interconnect
The SDIO interconnect provides connectivity between the host and GS2K processor.
2.2. Software Components
The following diagram illustrates the software components being used. Telit Wi-Fi NIC
host software is provided along with the package – which is required to be installed in a
directory and built (discussed in the coming chapters).
2.2.1. Linux Application
Standard Linux applications are used for network connection setup and management.
Following are the standard Linux application:
2.2.1.1. WPA Supplicant
“wpa_supplicant” is a WPA supplicant for Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, and Windows with
WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN) support. It is suitable for both desktop/laptop
computers and embedded systems. Supplicant is IEEE 802.1X/WPA component that is
used in the client stations. It implements key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator,
controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of WLAN driver.
Sockets Data i/f
NL80211 Ctl i/f
Wpa_cli
hostapd_cli
OTHFU App
RF Test App
User App
Wpa_supplicant
Hostapd
User Space
Kernel Space
CFG80211
NW Stack
GS2K Wi-Fi SDIO Driver
CFG80211
Linux Host
GS2K Module
GS2K
Firmware
SDIO i/f
= Telit Wi-Fi NIC Software
= User Software
= Standard Linux Sw
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2.2.1.2. Hostapd
“hostapd” is a user space daemon for access point and authentication servers. It
implements IEEE 802.11 access point management, IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP
Authenticators, RADIUS client, EAP server, and RADIUS authentication server.
2.2.1.3. WPA CLI
“wpa_cli” is a text-based frontend program interacting with “wpa_supplicant”. It is used to
get the current status, change configuration, trigger events, and request interactive user
input.
2.2.1.4. Hostapd CLI
“hostapd_cli” utility is a text-based frontend program for interacting with hostapd.
2.2.1.5. UserApp
“UserApp” makes use of networking services to setup socket connections and perform
data transfer.
2.2.2. Telit Wi-Fi NIC Applications
2.2.2.1. OTHFU Application
OTHFU application provides over-the-host firmware update facility for GS2K firmware.
Applications. GS2K firmware is updated using this application. (Refer Chapter - 6 Over
the Host Firmware Update).
2.2.2.2. RF Test Tool
RF test tool application provides commands for testing and evaluating GS2K radio. It
provides commands for frame transmission and reception (Refer Chapter – “7 RF Test
commands”).
2.2.3. Linux Kernel
Standard Linux kernel is used without any customizations.
2.2.4. GS2K Wi-Fi Driver
GS2K Wi-Fi driver is a kernel module provided by Telit. This module implements driver
for interfacing Linux kernel network control and data path to GS2K Wi-Fi device. It
interprets commands and messages between Linux kernel and GS2K. It also performs
queuing and flow control.
It contains SDIO driver adaptation layer for communication between Linux kernel and
GS2K SDIO device over SDIO interconnect. It implements probe, interrupt handling and
buffer management.
2.2.5. GS2K Firmware
GS2K firmware is loaded on GS2K module. It is programmed and run on GS2K
providing IEEE 802.11 Full MAC functionality. It handles scan, association and data
transfer functionality and implements MAC features like rate adaptation, client power-
save, AP mode inactivity tracking, AP mode power save buffering, etc. It also provides
firmware update and RF test functionality, and is considered as a single binary image
that is loaded into GS2K module flash.
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2.3. Software Package
Telit Wi-Fi NIC software package “gs2k_wifi_nic.tar.gz” consists of Telit Wi-Fi NIC
software components and few tools.
Following are the software package contents:
1. fw – gs2k fw single image binary
2. drv - contains driver files and make file
3. apps
a. othfu – contains othfu app source files and makefile
b. rftest – contains rftest app source files and makefile
4. wpa_supplicant – contains sample configuration files
5. hostapd – contains sample configuration files
6. tools – contains “gs_flashprogrammer” and any other tools if required.
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3. REFERENCE PLATFORM
This chapter describes the reference platform used to demonstrate the solution, the
setup and applications used.
The Linux solution is demonstrated using a reference platform setup. Two Linux host
platforms are used, one PC host and the other is embedded host. The GS2K target
board is same in both cases and is described as follows:
3.1. X86 PC Host Platform
“Lenovo Thinkpad T440p” laptop is used for X86 PC host running Ubuntu 16.4 and Linux
Kernel version 4.9.11. This machine has a SD card slot to plug the GS2K target board
for testing.
3.2. Arm Cortex A9 Embedded Platform
i.MX6SLL application processor is a single Arm® Cortex®-A9, which operates at speed
upto 800 MHz. Products based on the i.MX6SLL application processors enables cost
effective, rapid development of multimedia applications for Android® and Linux®
operating systems. This board has a SD card slot to plug GS2K target board for testing.
3.3. GS2K SDIO Wi-Fi Adapter Board(WAB)
GS2K SDIO Wi-Fi Adapter Board (WAB) is a GS2101MIP module based hardware
adapter board that is interfaced using the SDIO interface of a Linux host processor.
The following diagram shows the i.MX6SLL board and GS2K SDIO WAB.
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GS2K SDIO WAB is plugged into SD card slot on laptop for testing.
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4. BUILDING AND LOADING THE SOFTWARE
This chapter provides the steps for building GS2K Linux drivers, loading and running
them on a reference platform.
4.1. GS2K Linux Package
This step is common for all Linux host platforms.
1. Create a folder called “telit”.
mkdir ~/telit
2. Copy “gs2k_wifi_nic.tar.gz” package into this directory.
3. Unzip the package using following command.
tar xvf gs2k_wifi_nic.tar.gz
4.2. X86 PC Platform
Following are the steps for building, loading and running GS2K Linux drivers on X86
host reference platform.
4.2.1. Building the Kernel and Loading the Host
On X86 platform, the host and development system are the same and hence it is not
required to setup a cross-compilation environment. Ubuntu 16.4 with Linux kernel
version 4.9.11 is required on X86 PC.
Check the Linux Kernel version by issuing the command “uname -r”. If Linux kernel
version is already installed - then just build the driver, install and test it with instructions
in following sections. If the Linux kernel version is not installed – then download, build
and install the kernel on Ubuntu (Refer - Appendix A: Downloading, Building and
Installing Linux Kernel on x86 Ubuntu).
4.2.2. Building the Driver
1. Go to “~/telit/gs2k_wifi_nic/drv”
2. Build the driver
4.2.3. Preparing the Test Setup
Program GS2K WAB with GS2K firmware provided in ‘fw’ folder of the package using the
flash programmer tool.
Refer “Appendix D: Programming Setup - GainSpan WAB Board” for preparing the test
setup and for programming steps using flash programmer refer “GS2K Module
Programming User Guide”.
4.2.4. Load and Run the Driver
Follow the procedures mentioned in Chapter: “5 Wireless Network Operations” to load
and setup wireless connection and perform data transfer.
4.3. ARM Cortex A9 Embedded Platform
Following are the steps for building, loading and running GS2K Linux drivers for ARM
Cortex A9 host reference platform:
4.3.1. Building the kernel and Driver, loading the Host
The GS2K driver is tested with Linux kernel version 4.9.11. If the complete setup for
i.MX6SLL board including cross-compile environment, building the bootloader, kernel
and root filesystem and loading them on host board already exists then - simply include
the driver in the build procedure and follow the procedures mentioned in Chapter - “5
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Wireless Network Operations” to install and test. If the complete setup is not present
then – follow the procedures mentioned in “Appendix B: Building and Installing Linux
Kernel and Driver on NXP i MX6 Embedded Host” to download, build and install the
kernel, root filesystem and GS2K driver.
4.3.2. Preparing the Test Setup
Program GS2K WAB with GS2K firmware provided in ‘fw’ folder of the package using the
flash programmer tool.
Refer “Appendix D: Programming Setup - GainSpan WAB Board” for preparing the test
setup and for programming steps using flash programmer refer “GS2K Module
Programming User Guide”.
4.3.3. Loading and Running the Driver
Follow the procedures mentioned in Chapter - “5 Wireless Network Operations” to load
and setup wireless connection and perform data transfer.
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5. WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATIONS
This chapter provides step by step procedure to setup wireless network connectivity and
perform data transfer.
Prepare the system (refer Chapter – “4 Building and loading the software”) before
configuring the WLAN interface.
Following are the steps to connect to the wireless network and test data transfer, once
the WLAN interface is configured:
NOTE:
Configuration instructions are only for reference and contain typical
example. For more details refer – “Linux documentation”.
5.1. Steps to load the GS2K Wi-Fi module during boot time:
• Compile GS2K module (refer: - 4.2.2Building the Driver) and place the module file
“gs2k_sdio.ko” in “/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net”
• Open the file “/etc/modules” and write “gs2k_sdio” in it.
• Run the command “depmod -a ”
• And run the command “sudo update-initramfs -u”
• Once the above commands are successfully executed the at every restart the
GS2K Wi-Fi module will be automatically loaded.
• Run command “lsmod | grep” for gs2k to check whether “gs2k_sdio” is currently
loaded.
5.2. GS2K WLAN interface details
The following command is used to find the physical device corresponding to GS2K
WLAN interface:
iw dev
The following command is used to check the features and commands supported by all
devices:
iw phy
5.3. STA Mode
Following are the steps to configure and test wireless interface in station mode:
1. Configure DHCP
a) Open configuration file and make sure DHCP is enabled.
>vi /etc/network/interfaces
File should contain below two lines:
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
b) Restart networking
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> /etc/init.d/networking restart
2. Create or update the configuration file.
Typical configuration file contains the following references:
a) Open Mode (for example sta_open_con.conf file)
ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
network={
ssid="MY_AP_OPEN"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=NONE
}
b) AES security (for example sta_aes_con.conf file)
ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
network={
ssid="MY_AP_AES"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk="GSDemo123"
proto=RSN
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
}
c) Mixed mode (for example sta_mixed_con.conf file)
ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
network={
ssid="MY_AP_MIXED"
proto=RSN
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
pairwise=CCMP
group=TKIP
psk="GSDemo123"
}
3. Terminate wpa_supplicant (if its running)
>sudo killall wpa_supplicant
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>sudo rfkill unblock wifi
4. Bring up GS2K Wi-Fi module
Check whether GS2K Wi-Fi module is already installed.
>lsmod | grep gs2k
If above command does not list gs2k_sdio, then load the module manually.
Go to the directory in which GS2K Wi-Fi NIC driver installed.
>cd ~/telit/gs2k_wifi_nic/drv
>sudo insmod gs2k_sdio.ko
5. Discover the n/w interface
>ip a
or
>ifconfig
6. Start wpa_supplicant and initiate connection (use the required conf file)
For example:
> wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_open_con.conf
> wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_aes_con.conf
> wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_mixed_con.conf
7. To check the IP address and status:
> ifconfig wlan0
8. If needed disable power save feature
>sudo iw dev wlan0 set power_save off
>sudo iw dev wlan0 get power_save
9. If required start wpa_cli application
> wpa_cli -i wlan0
10. Test data transfer using ping
>ping <AP IP address>
5.4. AP Mode
Following are the steps to configure and test wireless interface in AP mode:
1. Configure DHCP server
1.1. Assign static IP
GS2K Wi-Fi Network Interface Card (NIC) User Guide
1VV0301491 Rev 2.0 Page 20 of 54 2018-02-13
a) Open configuration file and make sure static configuration.
> vi /etc/network/interfaces
File content:
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 10.0.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.0.0.1
b) restart networking
> /etc/init.d/networking restart
1.2. Open dhcp configuration file and modify if required
> vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Sample configuration given below:
ddns-update-style none;
ignore client-updates;
authoritative;
option routers 10.0.0.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 10.0.0.255;
option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.1,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4;
option time-offset 0;
default-lease-time 1209600;
max-lease-time 1814400;
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.13;
}
2. Start DHCP Server
> sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart
OR
> sudo service isc-dhcp-server start
3. Start DHCP server ane select the interface to start DHCP server. Open the file
“/etc/default/isc-dhcp-server” and write INTERFACES="wlan0"
4. Create or update the conf file
Typical configuration file contains the following references:
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