3com CoreBuilder 7000 Operating instructions

http://www.3com.com/

CoreBuilder

®

7000 Family

ATM Switches

Operations Guide

Software Version 4.55 Base and Extended

Part No. DOA3700-0AAA02

Published January 2000

ii

3Com Corporation

5400 Bayfront Plaza

Santa Clara, California

95052-8145

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Guide written by Laura Novich. Edited by Debbie ZIoni. Illustrated by Pearl Goldberg.

C

ONTENTS

A

BOUT

T

HIS

G

UIDE

Finding Specific Information in This Guide 14

Conventions 14

Documentation 15

CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switch Documents 16

Related Documents 16

Documentation Road Map 17

Documentation Comments 18

Year 2000 Compliance 18

1

ATM N

ETWORK

B

ASICS

ATM Overview 19

ATM Cell Structure 20

Advantages of Using Fixed-Length Cells 20

ATM Layers 21

Physical Layer 22

ATM Layer 22

ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 22

Functional Planes 22

User Plane 23

Control Plane 23

Management Plane 23

Designing ATM Networks 24

ATM Network Examples 24

Classical IP ATM Networks 24

LAN Emulation ATM Networks 27

2

N

ETWORK

I

NTERFACE

M

ANAGEMENT

Network Interfaces 35

User Network Interface 36

Network Network Interface 36

Integrated Local Management Interface (ILMI) 36

ILMI Management Information Base (MIB) 37

ATM Interface Management Entity (IME) 37

Basic ILMI Functions 38

Status Information 38

UNI Address Registration 38

Access to Service Registry MIB 41

ILMI Connectivity Polling 41

Automatic Configuration Procedures 42

Auto-Discovery 43

Auto-Configuration 48

Modification of Local Attribute 50

Configuring a Port on Change of Attachment 51

3

E-IISP P

ROTOCOL

Introducing Enhanced Interim InterSwitch Protocol (E-IISP) 53

IISP vs. E-IISP 53

Features of E-IISP 54

Hierarchy in an E-IISP Network 55

Hierarchical ATM Addressing 55

Configuring Network ATM Addresses 58

Auto-Discovery 58

Auto-Configuration 58

Static Address Registration in E-IISP 58

Planning a Network with E-IISP 58

Hierarchical Topology 59

E-IISP Hierarchical Routing Algorithm 60

Hop Limit — Avoiding Loops 62

Crankback 62

Alternate Routes 63

Load Balancing 65

LANE Redundancy 66

4

P

RIVATE

N

ETWORK

-

TO

-N

ETWORK

I

NTERFACE

(PNNI) V

ERSION

1.0

Introducing PNNI

Version 1.0 67

Features of PNNI 68

Advantages of Implementing a PNNI Network 69

When to Use PNNI 69

PNNI vs. E-IISP 69

PNNI Routing 71

Organizing a Network Hierarchy 71

Peer Group Leader 74

One Node’s View of the Network 76

Information Exchange in PNNI 77

Peer Group Leader Elections 80

Uplinks in a Hierarchical Structure 83

Configuring the PNNI Network 84

ATM Address Format 84

Path Selection 85

Configuring the CoreBuilder 7000 for PNNI 86

PNNI Signaling Protocol 87

PNNI Signaling 87

Establishing a Channel in PNNI with a Flat Network 88

Alternate Routing and Crankback 89

Establishing a Channel in a Hierarchical Network 91

Alternate Routing and Crankback 93

5

E

STABLISHING

ATM C

HANNELS

Virtual Channels 97

Local Links and Connections 97

External Links – ATM Connections 99

Internal Link — Switch Matrix 99

Virtual Path — Channel Hierarchy 99

Switched Virtual Channels 100

Permanent Virtual Channels 100

VP Tunneling 101

Configuring VP Tunnels 102

VP Tunneling through a WAN VP Switch 102

Virtual UNI 104

Signaling — External Links 104

Signaling Protocol 105

Signaling Messages 105

SETUP Message 106

CALL-PROCEEDING Message 106

CONNECT Message 107

ADD PARTY Message 107

Signaling Protocol Profile 107

Establishing a Virtual Channel 108

Point-to-Point Calls 108

Point-to-Multipoint Calls 109

Displaying Connections 109

Signaling Sequences 109

Signaling Timers 111

Timer Resolution 113

Signaling AAL 114

SSCOP 114

SSCOP Timers 115

SSCOP Configuration Parameters 116

Managing Signaling Protocol Parameters 116

Call Admission Control 117

GCAC Algorithm 117

UNI Signaling 4.0 Features 120

ATM Anycast Capability 120

Signaling of Individual QoS Parameters 121

Message Conversion Between Signaling Protocols 122

Quality of Service Parameters 122

Available Bit Rate Service Class Category 122

Constant Bit Rate Service Class 124

Real-Time Variable Bit Rate Service Class 124

Non-Real-Time Variable Bit Rate Service Class 124

Unspecified Bit Rate Service Class 125

Routing — Internal Links 125

E-IISP Hierarchic Routing Algorithm 125

Hop Limit — Avoiding Loops 127

Crankback 127

Physical-Link Failure Indicator 128

Link Failure 128

Link Failure Detection 129

Link-Failure Detection Sensitivity Control 129

6

ATM S

WITCHING

ATM Switching 132

Traffic Statistics 134

General Switch Statistics 134

Physical Statistics 134

ATM Statistics 134

AAL5 Control Statistics 134

Signaling Statistics 134

IFC Communications Statistics 134

Traffic Management 135

Frame Discard Capability 135

EFCI 135

7

LAN E

MULATION

V

ERSIONS

1.0

AND

2.0

LAN Emulation Overview 137

Emulated LAN Components 138

LAN Emulation Client (LEC) 139

LAN Emulation Server (LES) 140

Broadcast and Unknown Server (BUS) 140

LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS) 140

Configuring LANE Into Your Network 141

Emulated LAN Connections 141

Control VCCs 141

Data VCCs 142

Frame Ordering 143

Operation of the LAN Emulation 144

Connecting a LEC to an ELAN 144

Registration 145

Address Resolution 146

Connection Management 146

LAN Emulation in the CoreBuilder 7000 146

Default ELAN Parameters 146

Connecting a LEC to an ELAN 147

LECS Address Access 148

Address Resolution 150

Configuring LES LE_ARP Policies 151

Unknown, Multicast and Broadcast Frames 152

LAN Emulation Statistics Display 152

LAN Emulation Redundancy 153

LANE Services in the CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switch Card 154

Redundant LANE Services 154

LECS Redundancy Facility - Configuring the LECS-Order Database 154

LES Redundancy Facility - Configuring the ELAN Topology

Database 155

Selecting LAN Emulation Redundancy Mode 159

LANE Redundancy Start-up Delay 160

LANE Redundancy Limitations 160

LANE Redundancy Planning 160

LANE Security 161

General Concepts 162

Security Algorithm 164

Factory Default Configuration 164

LMA Security Commands 165

LANE Version 2.0 166

Improved Features 166

Multi Protocol over ATM (MPOA) 167

Quality of Service (QoS) 167

New Well-known LECS Address 167

Local Segment ID 167

Selective Multicast Groups 168

New ELAN ID 168

New Frame Size 168

LLC Multiplexing for the Data Direct VCC 168

Backward Compatibility and Mixture of LECs of Both LANE Versions 1.0

and 2.0 170

Moves of Nodes 170

Verify Request and Response 170

MPOA Devices Configuration 171

Display Current MPS Configuration 171

Set Keep-Alive Time 172

Set Keep-Alive Lifetime 172

Set Internetwork Layer Protocols 173

Set Initial Retry Time 174

Set Retry Time Maximum 175

Set Give Up Time 175

Set Default Holding Time 176

Display Current MPC Configuration 177

Set Shortcut Setup Frame Count 178

Set Shortcut Setup Frame Time 179

Set Flow Detection Protocols 180

Set Initial Retry Time 181

Set Retry Time Maximum 182

Set Hold Down Time 182

8

V

IRTUAL

N

ETWORKS

Virtual LAN Basics 185

VLANs in the CoreBuilder 7000 187

Admin and Default VLANs 188

VLANs in a CoreBuilder 7600 Card 189

Virtual LANs for Three Workgroups 192

9

D

EVICE

M

ANAGEMENT

Overview 193

Local Management Application (LMA) 193

Communication Methods 194

Security 194

SNMP Agent 195

Management Information Base (MIB) 195

SNMP Traps 195

Managing by SNMP 196

Out-of-Band Access 196

Security 197

Chassis Management — Single IP 197

Single SNMP Agent 198

Compatibility with Previous Versions 200

RMON History 201

Ethernet Encapsulation Type 204

Service Console 205

10

S

WITCH

R

EDUNDANCY

Switch Redundancy Overview 207

Summary of Improved Switch Redundancy Features in Version 4.5 207

System Requirements 209

Version 4.5 Features 210

Identifying the Active Switching Module 210

Conditions for Switch-over to Redundant Module 210

Switch-over Reboot 210

Communications between Active and Redundant Switches 210

210

Switching Module Configuration Database 211

LES and LECS in One CoreBuilder 7000 211

Alias Names 211

Management Operations 211

Upgrading the Software 211

Switch Redundancy Limitations 212

Up to Version 4.0 Features 212

Identifying the Active Switching Module 212

Conditions for Switch-over to Redundant Module 212

Switch-over Phases 213

Switching Module Configuration Database 213

Information Based on the MAC Address 214

LES and LECS in One CoreBuilder 7000 215

LES and LECS in Different CoreBuilder 7000s 215

Alias Names 215

Resetting to Factory Defaults 215

Upgrading the Software 215

Switch-over Example in CoreBuilder 7000 216

A

T

ECHNICAL

S

UPPORT

Online Technical Services 217

World Wide Web Site 217

3Com Knowledgebase Web Services 217

3Com FTP Site 218

3Com Bulletin Board Service 218

3Com Facts Automated Fax Service 219

Support from Your Network Supplier 219

Support from 3Com 219

Returning Products for Repair 221

B

P

ROTOCOLS

AND

I

NTERFACES

Physical Layer 223

SONET STS-3c Physical Layer Interface 223

DS-3 Physical Layer Interface 224

ATM Layer 226

ATM Cell Structure 226

The ATM Layer 227

Operation & Maintenance (OAM) 229

ATM Layer OAM 229

ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) 231

AAL1 231

AAL2 231

AAL3/4 231

AAL5 231

C

ORE

B

UILDER

®

7000 F

AMILY

ATM S

WITCH

S

PECIFICATIONS

D

S

AFETY

I

NFORMATION

Guidelines for Avoiding Bodily Harm 239

Körperliche Schäden 240

Dommages corporels 240

Guidelines for Avoiding Equipment Damage 240

Schäden am Gerät 241

Dommage causé à l'équipement 241

G

LOSSARY

I

NDEX

3C

OM

C

ORPORATION

L

IMITED

W

ARRANTY

A

BOUT

T

HIS

G

UIDE

The

CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switches Operations Guide

provides all

the information you need to understand the networking principles of the

CoreBuilder

®

7000 family ATM switch and how it is used in an ATM

network. It is applicable for both the Base and Extended versions of the

software.

This guide is intended for the system or network administrator who uses

the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch. It assumes a working

knowledge of local area network (LAN) operation, and a familiarity with

communications protocols that are used on interconnected LANs. No

prior knowledge of 3Com’s CoreBuilder networking equipment is

necessary to understand this guide.

If the information in the release notes that are shipped with this product

differs from the information in this guide, follow the instructions in the

release notes.

14

A

BOUT

T

HIS

G

UIDE

Finding Specific

Information in

This Guide

This table shows the location of specific information in this guide:

Conventions

Table 1

through

Table 3

list conventions that are used throughout this

guide.

If you are looking for Turn to

Information about ATM network basics Chapter 1

Information about ILMI local management Chapter 2

Information about the E-IISP protocol Chapter 3

Information about the PNNI protocol Chapter 4

Information about signaling, routing and establishing an ATM

connection

Chapter 5

Information about ATM switching Chapter 6

Information about LAN emulation Chapter 7

Information about virtual networks Chapter 8

Information about how to manage the CoreBuilder 7000 Chapter 9

Information about switch redundancy Chapter 10

Information about obtaining technical support Appendix A

Information about protocols and interfaces Appendix B

Information about system specifications Appendix C

Information about safety Appendix D

Ta b le 1

Notice Icons

Icon Notice Type Description

Information note Information that describes important features or

instructions

Caution Information that alerts you to potential loss of data or

potential damage to an application, system, or device

Warning Information that alerts you to potential personal injury

Documentation

15

Documentation

This section provides information about supporting documentation,

including:

CoreBuilder 7000 Family ATM Switch Documents

Related Documentation

Document 3Com Part No.

If you want to... Read...

Learn about new features or corrections in the

CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch software.

Release Notes

Learn about changes to the CoreBuilder 7000

family ATM switch’s documentation.

Release Notes

Get an overview of the CoreBuilder 7000 family

ATM switch, including system components.

Installation and Startup Guide

Prepare your site for CoreBuilder 7000 family

installation.

Installation and Startup Guide

Learn about various configurations in which you

can install your CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM

switch.

Installation and Startup Guide

Install and power up your CoreBuilder 7000 family

ATM switch.

Installation and Startup Guide

Learn about how you administer and manage the

CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch.

Management Guide

18

A

BOUT

T

HIS

G

UIDE

Documentation

Comments

Your suggestions are very important to us. They help us make our

documentation more useful to you.

Please send e-mail comments about this guide to:

sdtechpubs_comments@3Com.com

Please include the following information when commenting:

Document Title

Document Part Number (found on back page of each document and

in

Table 3

)

Page Number (if appropriate)

Year 2000

Compliance

For information on Year 2000 compliance and 3Com products, visit the

3Com Year 2000 Web page:

http://www.3com.com/products/yr2000.html

Learn about ATM and how it is implemented in the

CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM switch.

Management Guide

Learn about LAN Emulation and how it is

implemented in the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM

switch.

Operations Guide

Find out what type of configuration tasks you can

perform on the CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM

switch.

Management Guide

Quickly set up your CoreBuilder 7000 family ATM

switch for management access.

Installation and Startup Guide

Perform configuration or administration tasks using

the Administration Console.

Operations Guide

Get assistance. Technical Support Appendix in

any guide

If you want to... Read...

1

ATM N

ETWORK

B

ASICS

This chapter provides basic concepts and information about:

ATM Overview

ATM Cell Structure

ATM Layers

Functional Planes

Designing ATM Networks

ATM Network Examples

ATM Overview

In 1986, the Comité Consulatif International Télégraphique et

Téléphonique (CCITT), now known as the International

Telecommunications Union (ITU), formed a study group to explore the

concept of a high-speed, integrated network to uniformly handle voice,

data, and a variety of other services. Their research resulted in

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), a telecommunications concept

defined by CCITT and ANSI standards for carriage of a complete range of

user traffic on any User-to-Network Interface (UNI) and to facilitate

multimedia networking between high-speed devices at multi-megabit

speeds.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-speed networking

technology that utilizes packets of a fixed length. ATM uses logical

connections to provide quality of service guarantees which enable

disparate traffic such as data, voice, and video to be carried over the

same local or wide area network.

Using this connection-oriented networking technology, centered by a

switch, you can set up a great number of virtual connections to support

multiple applications through the same physical connection. The

switching technology enables dedicated bandwidth for each application,

20

C

HAPTER

1: ATM N

ETWORK

B

ASICS

overcoming the problems that exist in a shared-media networking

technology, like Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI. ATM allows different

types of physical layer technology to share the same higher layer — the

ATM layer.

ATM Cell Structure

Unlike Ethernet which transfers variable length packets, ATM switches

transfer fixed length cells. The ATM cell is 53 bytes in length: 5 bytes of

header and 48 bytes of payload information. The header contains

enough information to allow the network to forward each cell to its

proper destination. The cell header also provides the network with the

ability to implement congestion control and traffic management

mechanisms.

Figure 1

presents the structure of the ATM cell.

Figure 1

Layout of the ATM Cell

Advantages of Using

Fixed-Length Cells

Fixed-length cells offer the following advantages:

Network and switching queueing delays are more predictable than for

variable-length packets.

Cell switching is less complex and more reliable. ATM hardware can be

implemented more efficiently because control structures, buffers, and

buffer management schemes can be designed to known size criteria.

Cell-relay switches can process cells in parallel, achieving speeds that

far exceed the limitations of packet switch architectures.

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