NXP MPC823 Reference guide

Type
Reference guide
Programming Environments Manual
for 32-Bit Implementations of the
PowerPC™ Architecture
MPCFPE32B
Rev. 3, 9/2005
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Document Number: MPCFPE32B
Rev. 3, 9/2005
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Overview
Register Set
Operand Conventions
Addressing Modes
Memory Management Unit
Instruction Set
Instruction Set Listings
Multiple-Precision Shifts
Floating-Point Models
Synchronization Programming Examples
Glossary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
GLO
E
F
Cache
Exceptions
Simplified Mnemonics
PEM Revision History
Index IND
Overview
Register Set
Operand Conventions
Addressing Modes
Memory Management Unit
Instruction Set
Instruction Set Listings
Multiple-Precision Shifts
Floating-Point Models
Synchronization Programming Examples
Glossary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
GLO
E
F
Cache
Exceptions
Simplified Mnemonics
PEM Revision History
IndexIND
Programming Environments Manual for 32-Bit Implementations of the PowerPC Architecture, Rev. 3
Freescale Semiconductor v
Contents
Paragraph
Number Title
Page
Number
Chapter 1
Overview
1.1 PowerPC Architecture Overview..................................................................................... 1-2
1.1.1 The Levels of the PowerPC Architecture .................................................................... 1-3
1.1.2 Latitude within the Levels of the Architecture............................................................1-4
1.1.3 Features Not Defined by the PowerPC Architecture................................................... 1-4
1.2 The Architectural Models................................................................................................ 1-5
1.2.1 Registers and Programming Model ............................................................................. 1-5
1.2.2 Operand Conventions .................................................................................................. 1-7
1.2.2.1 Byte Ordering .......................................................................................................... 1-7
1.2.2.2 Data Organization in Memory and Data Transfers.................................................. 1-8
1.2.2.3 Floating-Point Conventions..................................................................................... 1-8
1.2.3 Instruction Set and Addressing Modes........................................................................ 1-8
1.2.3.1 Instruction Set..........................................................................................................1-8
1.2.3.2 Calculating Effective Addresses............................................................................ 1-10
1.2.4 Cache Model..............................................................................................................1-10
1.2.5 Interrupt Model.......................................................................................................... 1-10
1.2.6 Memory Management Model (MMU)....................................................................... 1-11
Chapter 2
Register Set
2.1 UISA Register Set............................................................................................................2-1
2.1.1 General-Purpose Registers (GPRs).............................................................................. 2-3
2.1.2 Floating-Point Registers (FPRs).................................................................................. 2-3
2.1.3 Condition Register (CR).............................................................................................. 2-5
2.1.3.1 Condition Register CR0 Field Definition................................................................2-5
2.1.3.2 Condition Register CR1 Field Definition................................................................2-6
2.1.3.3 Condition Register CRn Field—Compare Instruction ............................................2-6
2.1.4 Floating-Point Status and Control Register (FPSCR).................................................. 2-6
2.1.5 XER Register (XER) ................................................................................................... 2-9
2.1.6 Link Register (LR)..................................................................................................... 2-10
2.1.7 Count Register (CTR)................................................................................................ 2-11
2.2 VEA Register Set—Time Base...................................................................................... 2-12
2.2.1 Reading the Time Base.............................................................................................. 2-14
2.2.2 Computing Time of Day from the Time Base ...........................................................2-15
2.3 OEA Register Set........................................................................................................... 2-15
2.3.1 Machine State Register (MSR).................................................................................. 2-18
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Contents
Paragraph
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Page
Number
2.3.2 Processor Version Register (PVR)............................................................................. 2-21
2.3.3 BAT Registers............................................................................................................ 2-21
2.3.4 SDR1..........................................................................................................................2-24
2.3.5 Segment Registers...................................................................................................... 2-25
2.3.6 Data Address Register (DAR) ................................................................................... 2-26
2.3.7 SPRG0–SPRG3 ......................................................................................................... 2-26
2.3.8 DSISR........................................................................................................................2-27
2.3.9 Machine Status Save/Restore Register 0 (SRR0)...................................................... 2-27
2.3.10 Machine Status Save/Restore Register 1 (SRR1)...................................................... 2-28
2.3.11 Floating-Point Exception Cause Register (FPECR).................................................. 2-28
2.3.12 Time Base Facility (TB)—OEA................................................................................2-29
2.3.12.1 Writing to the Time Base....................................................................................... 2-29
2.3.13 Decrementer Register (DEC)..................................................................................... 2-29
2.3.13.1 Decrementer Operation.......................................................................................... 2-30
2.3.13.2 Writing and Reading the DEC............................................................................... 2-30
2.3.14 Data Address Breakpoint Register (DABR )............................................................. 2-30
2.3.15 External Access Register (EAR)................................................................................ 2-32
2.3.16 Processor Identification Register (PIR)..................................................................... 2-32
2.3.17 Synchronization Requirements for Special Registers and for Lookaside Buffers..... 2-33
Chapter 3
Operand Conventions
3.1 Data Organization in Memory and Data Transfers..........................................................3-1
3.1.1 Aligned and Misaligned Accesses............................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Byte Ordering ..............................................................................................................3-2
3.1.3 Structure Mapping Examples....................................................................................... 3-2
3.1.3.1 Big-Endian Mapping ............................................................................................... 3-2
3.1.3.2 Little-Endian Mapping.............................................................................................3-3
3.1.4 Byte Ordering in PowerPC Architecture ..................................................................... 3-4
3.1.4.1 Aligned Scalars in Little-Endian Mode................................................................... 3-4
3.1.4.2 Misaligned Scalars in Little-Endian Mode.............................................................. 3-6
3.1.4.3 Nonscalars................................................................................................................3-7
3.1.4.4 Instruction Addressing in Little-Endian Mode........................................................ 3-7
3.1.4.5 Input/Output Data Transfer Addressing in Little-Endian Mode..............................3-8
3.2 Operand Placement and Performance—VEA.................................................................. 3-8
3.2.1 Summary of Performance Effects................................................................................ 3-8
3.2.2 Instruction Restart...................................................................................................... 3-10
3.3 Floating-Point Execution Models—UISA..................................................................... 3-10
3.3.1 Floating-Point Data Format ....................................................................................... 3-11
3.3.1.1 Value Representation ............................................................................................. 3-12
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Contents
Paragraph
Number Title
Page
Number
3.3.1.2 Binary Floating-Point Numbers............................................................................. 3-13
3.3.1.3 Normalized Numbers (±NORM)........................................................................... 3-14
3.3.1.4 Zero Values (±0) .................................................................................................... 3-14
3.3.1.5 Denormalized Numbers (±DENORM).................................................................. 3-14
3.3.1.6 Infinities (±)........................................................................................................ 3-15
3.3.1.7 Not a Numbers (NaNs).......................................................................................... 3-15
3.3.2 Sign of Result.............................................................................................................3-16
3.3.3 Normalization and Denormalization.......................................................................... 3-17
3.3.4 Data Handling and Precision ..................................................................................... 3-17
3.3.5 Rounding....................................................................................................................3-19
3.3.6 Floating-Point Program Exceptions........................................................................... 3-21
3.3.6.1 Invalid Operation and Zero Divide Exception Conditions....................................3-27
3.3.6.1.1 Invalid Operation Exception Condition............................................................. 3-29
3.3.6.1.2 Zero Divide Exception Condition...................................................................... 3-30
3.3.6.2 Overflow, Underflow, and Inexact Exception Conditions.....................................3-31
3.3.6.2.1 Overflow Exception Condition.......................................................................... 3-33
3.3.6.2.2 Underflow Exception Condition........................................................................ 3-34
3.3.6.2.3 Inexact Exception Condition ............................................................................. 3-35
Chapter 4
Addressing Modes and Instruction Set Summary
4.1 Conventions ..................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.1 Sequential Execution Model........................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.2 Classes of Instructions ................................................................................................. 4-2
4.1.2.1 Definition of Boundedly Undefined........................................................................ 4-3
4.1.2.2 Defined Instruction Class ........................................................................................ 4-3
4.1.2.2.1 Preferred Instruction Forms................................................................................. 4-3
4.1.2.2.2 Invalid Instruction Forms .................................................................................... 4-3
4.1.2.2.3 Optional Instructions ........................................................................................... 4-4
4.1.2.3 Illegal Instruction Class........................................................................................... 4-4
4.1.2.4 Reserved Instructions............................................................................................... 4-5
4.1.3 Memory Addressing .................................................................................................... 4-5
4.1.3.1 Memory Operands ................................................................................................... 4-5
4.1.3.2 Effective Address Calculation ................................................................................. 4-6
4.1.4 Synchronizing Instructions.......................................................................................... 4-6
4.1.4.1 Context Synchronizing Instructions ........................................................................ 4-7
4.1.4.2 Execution Synchronizing Instructions..................................................................... 4-7
4.1.5 Interrupt Summary....................................................................................................... 4-7
4.1.6 Recommended Simplified Mnemonics........................................................................ 4-8
4.2 UISA Instructions ............................................................................................................4-8
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Contents
Paragraph
Number Title
Page
Number
4.2.1 Integer Instructions ...................................................................................................... 4-8
4.2.1.1 Integer Arithmetic Instructions................................................................................ 4-9
4.2.1.2 Integer Compare Instructions ................................................................................ 4-12
4.2.1.3 Integer Logical Instructions................................................................................... 4-13
4.2.1.4 Integer Rotate and Shift Instructions..................................................................... 4-15
4.2.1.4.1 Integer Rotate Instructions................................................................................. 4-15
4.2.1.4.2 Integer Shift Instructions ................................................................................... 4-16
4.2.2 Floating-Point Instructions ........................................................................................ 4-17
4.2.2.1 Floating-Point Arithmetic Instructions.................................................................. 4-18
4.2.2.2 Floating-Point Multiply-Add Instructions............................................................. 4-20
4.2.2.3 Floating-Point Rounding and Conversion Instructions .........................................4-21
4.2.2.4 Floating-Point Compare Instructions..................................................................... 4-22
4.2.2.5 Floating-Point Status and Control Register Instructions .......................................4-22
4.2.2.6 Floating-Point Move Instructions.......................................................................... 4-23
4.2.3 Load and Store Instructions ....................................................................................... 4-24
4.2.3.1 Integer Load and Store Address Generation..........................................................4-24
4.2.3.1.1 Register Indirect with Immediate Index Addressing
for Integer Loads and Stores.......................................................................... 4-25
4.2.3.1.2 Register Indirect with Index Addressing for Integer Loads and Stores............. 4-25
4.2.3.1.3 Register Indirect Addressing for Integer Loads and Stores...............................4-26
4.2.3.2 Integer Load Instructions....................................................................................... 4-27
4.2.3.3 Integer Store Instructions....................................................................................... 4-29
4.2.3.4 Integer Load and Store with Byte-Reverse Instructions........................................ 4-30
4.2.3.5 Integer Load and Store Multiple Instructions........................................................4-31
4.2.3.6 Integer Load and Store String Instructions............................................................ 4-31
4.2.3.7 Floating-Point Load and Store Address Generation.............................................. 4-32
4.2.3.7.1 Register Indirect with Immediate Index Addressing for Floating-Point
Loads and Stores............................................................................................ 4-32
4.2.3.7.2 Register Indirect with Index Addressing for Floating-Point
Loads and Stores............................................................................................ 4-33
4.2.3.8 Floating-Point Load Instructions........................................................................... 4-34
4.2.3.9 Floating-Point Store Instructions........................................................................... 4-35
4.2.4 Branch and Flow Control Instructions....................................................................... 4-36
4.2.4.1 Branch Instruction Address Calculation................................................................ 4-37
4.2.4.1.1 Branch Relative Addressing Mode.................................................................... 4-37
4.2.4.1.2 Branch Conditional to Relative Addressing Mode............................................ 4-38
4.2.4.1.3 Branch to Absolute Addressing Mode............................................................... 4-39
4.2.4.1.4 Branch Conditional to Absolute Addressing Mode...........................................4-40
4.2.4.1.5 Branch Conditional to Link Register Addressing Mode...................................4-41
4.2.4.1.6 Branch Conditional to Count Register Addressing Mode.................................4-41
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Contents
Paragraph
Number Title
Page
Number
4.2.4.2 Conditional Branch Control................................................................................... 4-42
4.2.4.3 Branch Instructions................................................................................................ 4-45
4.2.4.4 Simplified Mnemonics for Branch Processor Instructions.................................... 4-45
4.2.4.5 Condition Register Logical Instructions................................................................ 4-46
4.2.4.6 Trap Instructions.................................................................................................... 4-46
4.2.4.7 System Linkage Instruction—UISA......................................................................4-47
4.2.5 Processor Control Instructions—UISA ..................................................................... 4-47
4.2.5.1 Move to/from Condition Register Instructions...................................................... 4-47
4.2.5.2 Move to/from Special-Purpose Register Instructions (UISA)...............................4-47
4.2.6 Memory Synchronization Instructions—UISA .........................................................4-48
4.3 VEA Instructions ........................................................................................................... 4-49
4.3.1 Processor Control Instructions—VEA....................................................................... 4-50
4.3.2 Memory Synchronization Instructions—VEA .......................................................... 4-51
4.3.3 Memory Control Instructions—VEA ........................................................................ 4-51
4.3.3.1 User-Level Cache Instructions—VEA .................................................................. 4-52
4.3.4 External Control Instructions (Optional)................................................................... 4-54
4.4 OEA Instructions ........................................................................................................... 4-55
4.4.1 System Linkage Instructions—OEA ......................................................................... 4-55
4.4.2 Processor Control Instructions—OEA....................................................................... 4-56
4.4.2.1 Move to/from Machine State Register Instructions...............................................4-56
4.4.2.2 Move to/from Special-Purpose Register Instructions (OEA)................................4-56
4.4.3 Memory Control Instructions—OEA ........................................................................ 4-57
4.4.3.1 Supervisor-Level Cache Management Instruction ................................................4-57
4.4.3.2 Segment Register Manipulation Instructions.........................................................4-58
4.4.3.3 Translation Lookaside Buffer Management Instructions ......................................4-59
Chapter 5
Cache Model and Memory Coherency
5.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 The Virtual Environment ................................................................................................. 5-1
5.2.1 Memory Access Ordering............................................................................................ 5-2
5.2.1.1 Enforce In-Order Execution of I/O Instruction (eieio)............................................ 5-2
5.2.1.2 Synchronize Instruction........................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.2 Atomicity ..................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.3 Cache Model................................................................................................................5-4
5.2.4 Memory Coherency ..................................................................................................... 5-4
5.2.4.1 Memory/Cache Access Modes................................................................................ 5-4
5.2.4.1.1 Pages Designated as Write-Through....................................................................5-5
5.2.4.1.2 Pages Designated as Caching-Inhibited ..............................................................5-5
5.2.4.1.3 Pages Designated as Memory Coherency Required............................................5-5
Programming Environments Manual for 32-Bit Implementations of the PowerPC Architecture, Rev. 3
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Contents
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Number Title
Page
Number
5.2.4.1.4 Pages Designated as Memory Coherency Not Required..................................... 5-5
5.2.4.1.5 Pages Designated as Guarded.............................................................................. 5-6
5.2.4.2 Coherency Precautions ............................................................................................ 5-6
5.2.5 VEA Cache Management Instructions ........................................................................ 5-6
5.2.5.1 Data Cache Instructions........................................................................................... 5-7
5.2.5.1.1 Data Cache Block Touch (dcbt) and
Data Cache Block Touch for Store (dcbtst) Instructions................................ 5-7
5.2.5.1.2 Data Cache Block Set to Zero (dcbz) Instruction ...............................................5-7
5.2.5.1.3 Data Cache Block Store (dcbst) Instruction........................................................5-8
5.2.5.1.4 Data Cache Block Flush (dcbf) Instruction......................................................... 5-8
5.2.5.2 Instruction Cache Instructions................................................................................. 5-9
5.2.5.2.1 Instruction Cache Block Invalidate Instruction (icbi)......................................... 5-9
5.2.5.2.2 Instruction Synchronize Instruction (isync)......................................................5-10
5.2.6 Shared Memory.......................................................................................................... 5-10
5.2.6.1 Memory Access Ordering...................................................................................... 5-10
5.2.6.1.1 Programming Considerations ............................................................................ 5-12
5.2.6.1.2 Programming Examples .................................................................................... 5-14
5.2.6.2 Lock Acquisition and Import Barriers................................................................... 5-14
5.2.6.2.1 Acquire Lock and Import Shared Memory........................................................ 5-14
5.2.6.2.2 Obtain Pointer and Import Shared Memory ...................................................... 5-15
5.3 The Operating Environment .......................................................................................... 5-15
5.3.1 Memory/Cache Access Attributes ............................................................................. 5-16
5.3.1.1 Write-Through Attribute (W) ................................................................................5-17
5.3.1.2 Caching-Inhibited Attribute (I).............................................................................. 5-17
5.3.1.3 Memory Coherency Attribute (M)......................................................................... 5-18
5.3.1.4 W, I, and M Bit Combinations............................................................................... 5-18
5.3.1.5 The Guarded Attribute (G) .................................................................................... 5-19
5.3.1.5.1 Definition of Speculative and Out-of-Order Memory Accesses .......................5-19
5.3.1.5.2 Performing Operations Speculatively................................................................ 5-19
5.3.1.5.3 Guarded Memory............................................................................................... 5-20
5.3.1.5.4 Speculative Accesses to Guarded Memory .......................................................5-21
5.3.2 I/O Interface Considerations......................................................................................5-21
5.3.3 OEA Cache Management Instruction—Data Cache Block Invalidate (dcbi)........... 5-22
Chapter 6
Interrupts
6.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................6-1
6.2 Interrupt Classes ..............................................................................................................6-2
6.2.1 Precise Interrupts .........................................................................................................6-4
6.2.2 Context Synchronization.............................................................................................. 6-4
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6.2.2.1 Execution Synchronization...................................................................................... 6-5
6.2.2.2 Synchronous/Precise Interrupts............................................................................... 6-5
6.2.2.3 Asynchronous Interrupts.......................................................................................... 6-6
6.2.2.3.1 System Reset and Machine Check Interrupts...................................................... 6-6
6.2.2.3.2 External and Decrementer Interrupts................................................................... 6-6
6.2.3 Imprecise Interrupts..................................................................................................... 6-7
6.2.3.1 Imprecise Interrupt Status Description.................................................................... 6-7
6.2.3.2 Recoverability of Imprecise Floating-Point Interrupts............................................6-8
6.2.4 Partially Executed Instructions.................................................................................... 6-8
6.2.5 Interrupt Priorities........................................................................................................6-9
6.3 Interrupt Processing ....................................................................................................... 6-11
6.3.1 Enabling and Disabling Interrupts............................................................................. 6-13
6.3.2 Steps for Interrupt Processing.................................................................................... 6-14
6.3.3 Returning from an Interrupt Handler......................................................................... 6-14
6.4 Process Switching.......................................................................................................... 6-15
6.5 Interrupt Definitions ...................................................................................................... 6-15
6.5.1 System Reset Interrupt (0x00100).............................................................................6-16
6.5.2 Machine Check Interrupt (0x00200)..........................................................................6-17
6.5.3 Data Storage Interrupt (0x00300).............................................................................. 6-18
6.5.4 Instruction Storage Interrupt (0x00400) .................................................................... 6-20
6.5.5 External Interrupt (0x00500) ..................................................................................... 6-21
6.5.6 Alignment Interrupt (0x00600)..................................................................................6-22
6.5.6.1 Integer Alignment Interrupts ................................................................................. 6-23
6.5.6.1.1 Page Address Translation Access Considerations.............................................6-23
6.5.6.2 Little-Endian Mode Alignment Interrupts.............................................................6-24
6.5.6.3 Interpretation of the DSISR as Set by an Alignment Interrupt.............................. 6-24
6.5.7 Program Interrupt (0x00700) .................................................................................... 6-25
6.5.8 Floating-Point Unavailable Interrupt (0x00800) .......................................................6-27
6.5.9 Decrementer Interrupt (0x00900).............................................................................. 6-28
6.5.10 System Call Interrupt (0x00C00)............................................................................... 6-28
6.5.11 Trace Interrupt (0x00D00)......................................................................................... 6-29
6.5.12 Floating-Point Assist Interrupt (0x00E00) ................................................................6-30
Chapter 7
Memory Management
7.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................7-1
7.2 MMU Features.................................................................................................................7-2
7.3 MMU Overview............................................................................................................... 7-2
7.3.1 Memory Addressing .................................................................................................... 7-3
7.3.1.1 Predefined Physical Memory Locations.................................................................. 7-3
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Number Title
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7.3.2 MMU Organization...................................................................................................... 7-4
7.3.3 Address Translation Mechanisms................................................................................ 7-5
7.3.4 Memory Protection Facilities.......................................................................................7-6
7.3.5 Page History Information............................................................................................. 7-8
7.3.6 General Flow of MMU Address Translation............................................................... 7-8
7.3.6.1 Real Addressing Mode and Block Address Translation Selection..........................7-8
7.3.6.2 Page and Direct-Store Address Translation Selection............................................. 7-9
7.3.6.2.1 Selection of Page Address Translation.............................................................. 7-10
7.3.7 MMU Interrupts Summary ........................................................................................ 7-11
7.3.8 MMU Instructions and Register Summary................................................................ 7-12
7.3.9 TLB Entry Invalidation.............................................................................................. 7-15
7.4 Real Addressing Mode................................................................................................... 7-15
7.5 Block Address Translation............................................................................................. 7-16
7.5.1 BAT Array Organization............................................................................................ 7-16
7.5.2 Recognition of Addresses in BAT Arrays.................................................................. 7-18
7.5.3 BAT Register Implementation of BAT Array............................................................7-20
7.5.4 Block Memory Protection.......................................................................................... 7-23
7.5.5 Block Physical Address Generation .......................................................................... 7-25
7.5.6 Block Address Translation Summary........................................................................ 7-26
7.6 Memory Segment Model ............................................................................................... 7-26
7.6.1 Recognition of Addresses in Segments ..................................................................... 7-26
7.6.1.1 Selection of Memory Segments............................................................................. 7-27
7.6.1.2 Selection of Direct-Store Segments....................................................................... 7-27
7.6.2 Page Address Translation Overview.......................................................................... 7-28
7.6.2.1 Segment Register Definitions................................................................................ 7-28
7.6.2.1.1 Segment Register Format .................................................................................. 7-29
7.6.2.2 Page Table Entry (PTE) Definitions ...................................................................... 7-29
7.6.2.2.1 PTE Format........................................................................................................ 7-30
7.6.3 Page History Recording............................................................................................. 7-30
7.6.3.1 Reference Bit ......................................................................................................... 7-31
7.6.3.2 Change Bit ............................................................................................................. 7-32
7.6.3.3 Scenarios for Reference and Change Bit Recording ............................................. 7-32
7.6.3.4 Synchronization of Memory Accesses and Reference and Change
Bit Updates ........................................................................................................ 7-33
7.6.4 Page Memory Protection ........................................................................................... 7-34
7.6.5 Page Address Translation Summary.......................................................................... 7-36
7.7 Hashed Page Tables ....................................................................................................... 7-38
7.7.1 Page Table Definition ................................................................................................7-38
7.7.1.1 SDR1 Register Definitions .................................................................................... 7-39
7.7.1.2 Page Table Size...................................................................................................... 7-40
7.7.1.3 Page Table Hashing Functions............................................................................... 7-41
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7.7.1.4 Page Table Addresses ............................................................................................ 7-42
7.7.1.5 Page Table Structure Summary.............................................................................. 7-45
7.7.1.6 Page Table Structure Examples ............................................................................. 7-45
7.7.1.7 PTEG Address Mapping Examples ....................................................................... 7-47
7.7.2 Page Table Search Operation..................................................................................... 7-50
7.7.2.1 Flow for Page Table Search Operation.................................................................. 7-50
7.7.3 Page Table Updates.................................................................................................... 7-51
7.7.3.1 Adding a Page Table Entry.................................................................................... 7-53
7.7.3.2 Deleting a Page Table Entry .................................................................................. 7-53
7.7.4 Segment Register Updates......................................................................................... 7-53
7.8 Direct-Store Segment Address Translation.................................................................... 7-53
7.8.1 Segment Registers for Direct-Store Segments...........................................................7-54
7.8.2 Direct-Store Segment Accesses................................................................................. 7-54
7.8.3 Direct-Store Segment Protection ............................................................................... 7-55
7.8.4 Instructions Not Supported in Direct-Store Segments...............................................7-55
7.8.5 Instructions with No Effect in Direct-Store Segments .............................................. 7-55
7.8.6 Direct-Store Segment Translation Summary Flow.................................................... 7-55
Chapter 8
Instruction Set
8.1 Instruction Formats..........................................................................................................8-1
8.1.1 Split-Field Notation ..................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1.2 Instruction Fields .........................................................................................................8-2
8.1.3 Notation and Conventions ........................................................................................... 8-3
8.2 Instruction Set................................................................................................................. 8-7
Appendix A
Instruction Set Listings
A.1 Instructions Sorted by Mnemonic (Decimal and Hexadecimal)..................................... A-1
A.2 Instructions Sorted by Primary Opcodes (Decimal and Hexadecimal)........................ A-17
A.3 Instructions Sorted by Mnemonic (Binary) .................................................................. A-26
A.4 Instructions Sorted by Opcode (Binary) ....................................................................... A-42
A.5 Instruction Set Legend.................................................................................................. A-51
Appendix B
Multiple-Precision Shifts
B.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................B-1
B.2 Multiple-Precision Shifts in 32-Bit Implementations......................................................B-1
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Appendix C
Floating-Point Models
C.1 Execution Model for IEEE Operations............................................................................C-1
C.2 Multiply-Add Type Instruction Execution Model ...........................................................C-3
C.3 Floating-Point Conversions .............................................................................................C-4
C.3.1 Conversion from Floating-Point Number to Signed Fixed-Point Integer Word..........C-4
C.3.2 Conversion from Floating-Point Number to Unsigned Fixed-Point
Integer Word............................................................................................................C-5
C.4 Floating-Point Models .....................................................................................................C-5
C.4.1 Floating-Point Round to Single-Precision Model........................................................C-5
C.4.2 Floating-Point Convert to Integer Model.....................................................................C-9
C.4.3 Floating-Point Convert from Integer Model..............................................................C-11
C.5 Floating-Point Selection ................................................................................................C-12
C.5.1 Comparison to Zero ...................................................................................................C-13
C.5.2 Minimum and Maximum...........................................................................................C-13
C.5.3 Simple If-Then-Else Constructions ...........................................................................C-13
C.5.4 Notes..........................................................................................................................C-13
C.6 Floating-Point Load Instructions ...................................................................................C-14
C.7 Floating-Point Store Instructions...................................................................................C-15
Appendix D
Synchronization Programming Examples
D.1 General Information........................................................................................................ D-1
D.2 Synchronization Primitives............................................................................................. D-2
D.2.1 Fetch and No-Op......................................................................................................... D-2
D.2.2 Fetch and Store ........................................................................................................... D-2
D.2.3 Fetch and Add............................................................................................................. D-2
D.2.4 Fetch and AND........................................................................................................... D-3
D.2.5 Test and Set................................................................................................................. D-3
D.3 Compare and Swap......................................................................................................... D-3
D.4 Lock Acquisition and Release ........................................................................................ D-4
D.5 List Insertion................................................................................................................... D-5
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Appendix E
Simplified Mnemonics for PowerPC Instructions
E.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................E-1
E.2 Subtract Simplified Mnemonics ......................................................................................E-2
E.2.1 Subtract Immediate......................................................................................................E-2
E.2.2 Subtract........................................................................................................................E-2
E.3 Rotate and Shift Simplified Mnemonics..........................................................................E-2
E.3.1 Operations on Words ...................................................................................................E-3
E.4 Branch Instruction Simplified Mnemonics......................................................................E-3
E.4.1 Key Facts about Simplified Branch Mnemonics.........................................................E-5
E.4.2 Eliminating the BO Operand .......................................................................................E-5
E.4.3 Incorporating the BO Branch Prediction .....................................................................E-7
E.4.4 The BI Operand—CR Bit and Field Representations..................................................E-7
E.4.4.1 BI Operand Instruction Encoding............................................................................E-8
E.4.4.1.1 Specifying a CR Bit.............................................................................................E-8
E.4.4.1.2 The crS Operand ...............................................................................................E-10
E.4.5 Simplified Mnemonics that Incorporate the BO Operand.........................................E-10
E.4.5.1 Examples that Eliminate the BO Operand.............................................................E-12
E.4.6 Simplified Mnemonics that Incorporate CR Conditions (Eliminates BO
and Replaces BI with crS).....................................................................................E-14
E.4.6.1 Branch Simplified Mnemonics that Incorporate CR Conditions: Examples.........E-16
E.4.6.2 Branch Simplified Mnemonics that Incorporate CR Conditions: Listings............E-16
E.5 Compare Word Simplified Mnemonics .........................................................................E-19
E.6 Condition Register Logical Simplified Mnemonics......................................................E-20
E.7 Trap Instructions Simplified Mnemonics ......................................................................E-20
E.8 Simplified Mnemonics for Accessing SPRs..................................................................E-22
E.9 Recommended Simplified Mnemonics..........................................................................E-23
E.9.1 No-Op (nop) ..............................................................................................................E-23
E.9.2 Load Immediate (li)...................................................................................................E-23
E.9.3 Load Address (la) ......................................................................................................E-24
E.9.4 Move Register (mr)...................................................................................................E-24
E.9.5 Complement Register (not).......................................................................................E-24
E.9.6 Move to Condition Register (mtcr)...........................................................................E-24
E.10 Comprehensive List of Simplified Mnemonics.............................................................E-24
Appendix F
Revision History
F.1 Changes From Revision 2 to Revision 3 .........................................................................F-1
F.2 Changes From Revision 1 to Revision 2 .........................................................................F-2
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1-1 Programming Model—PowerPC Registers ............................................................................ 1-6
1-2 Big-Endian Byte and Bit Ordering.......................................................................................... 1-7
2-1 UISA Programming Model—User-Level Registers............................................................... 2-2
2-2 General-Purpose Registers (GPRs)......................................................................................... 2-3
2-3 Floating-Point Registers (FPRs) ............................................................................................. 2-4
2-4 Condition Register (CR) ......................................................................................................... 2-5
2-5 Floating-Point Status and Control Register (FPSCR).............................................................2-7
2-6 XER Register .......................................................................................................................... 2-9
2-7 Link Register (LR)................................................................................................................ 2-10
2-8 Count Register (CTR)........................................................................................................... 2-11
2-9 VEA Programming Model—User-Level Registers Plus Time Base .................................... 2-13
2-10 Time Base (TB)..................................................................................................................... 2-14
2-11 OEA Programming Model—All Registers........................................................................... 2-16
2-12 Machine State Register (MSR) ............................................................................................. 2-18
2-13 Processor Version Register (PVR)........................................................................................ 2-21
2-14 Format of Upper BAT Register............................................................................................. 2-22
2-15 Format of Lower BAT Register ............................................................................................ 2-22
2-16 SDR1 Register Format..........................................................................................................2-24
2-17 Segment Register Format (T = 0) ......................................................................................... 2-25
2-18 Segment Register Format (T = 1) ......................................................................................... 2-25
2-19 Data Address Register (DAR)............................................................................................... 2-26
2-20 SPRG0–SPRG3..................................................................................................................... 2-26
2-21 DSISR ...................................................................................................................................2-27
2-22 Machine Status Save/Restore Register 0 (SRR0) ................................................................. 2-27
2-23 Machine Status Save/Restore Register 1 (SRR1) ................................................................. 2-28
2-24 Decrementer Register (DEC)................................................................................................ 2-29
2-25 Data Address Breakpoint Register (DABR)......................................................................... 2-30
2-26 External Access Register (EAR)........................................................................................... 2-32
2-27 Processor Identification Register (PIR) ................................................................................ 2-33
3-1 C Program Example—Data Structure S.................................................................................. 3-2
3-2 Big-Endian Mapping of Structure S........................................................................................ 3-3
3-3 Little-Endian Mapping of Structure S..................................................................................... 3-3
3-4 Little-Endian Mapping of Structure S —Alternate View........................................................ 3-4
3-5 Modified Little-Endian Structure S as Seen by the Memory Subsystem................................ 3-5
3-6 Modified Little-Endian Structure S as Seen by the Processor ................................................3-6
3-7 True Little-Endian Mapping, Word Stored at Address 05 ......................................................3-6
3-8 Word at Little-Endian Address 05 as Seen by the Memory Subsystem .................................3-7
3-9 Floating-Point Single-Precision Format................................................................................ 3-11
3-10 Floating-Point Double-Precision Format.............................................................................. 3-11
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3-11 Approximation to Real Numbers.......................................................................................... 3-13
3-12 Format for Normalized Numbers.......................................................................................... 3-14
3-13 Format for Zero Numbers .....................................................................................................3-14
3-14 Format for Denormalized Numbers...................................................................................... 3-15
3-15 Format for Positive and Negative Infinities.......................................................................... 3-15
3-16 Format for NaNs ................................................................................................................... 3-15
3-17 Representation of Generated QNaN ..................................................................................... 3-16
3-18 Single-Precision Representation in an FPR .......................................................................... 3-18
3-19 Relation of Z1 and Z2 ...........................................................................................................3-19
3-20 Selection of Z1 and Z2 for the Four Rounding Modes.........................................................3-20
3-21 Rounding Flags in FPSCR.................................................................................................... 3-21
3-22 Floating-Point Status and Control Register (FPSCR)...........................................................3-21
3-23 Initial Flow for Floating-Point Exception Conditions .......................................................... 3-28
3-24 Checking of Remaining Floating-Point Exception Conditions.............................................3-32
4-1 Register Indirect with Immediate Index Addressing for Integer Loads/Stores..................... 4-25
4-2 Register Indirect with Index Addressing for Integer Loads/Stores.......................................4-26
4-3 Register Indirect Addressing for Integer Loads/Stores.........................................................4-27
4-4 Register Indirect with Immediate Index Addressing for Floating-Point Loads/Stores......... 4-33
4-5 Register Indirect with Index Addressing for Floating-Point Loads/Stores........................... 4-34
4-6 Branch Relative Addressing.................................................................................................. 4-38
4-7 Branch Conditional Relative Addressing.............................................................................. 4-39
4-8 Branch to Absolute Addressing ............................................................................................ 4-40
4-9 Branch Conditional to Absolute Addressing ........................................................................ 4-40
4-10 Branch Conditional to Link Register Addressing................................................................. 4-41
4-11 Branch Conditional to Count Register Addressing...............................................................4-42
5-1 Memory Barrier when Coherency is Required (M = 1)........................................................ 5-11
5-2 Cumulative Memory Barrier................................................................................................. 5-12
6-1 Machine Status Save/Restore Register 0 (SRR0) ................................................................. 6-11
6-2 Machine Status Save/Restore Register 1 (SRR1) ................................................................. 6-11
6-3 Machine State Register (MSR) ............................................................................................. 6-12
7-1 MMU Conceptual Block Diagram.......................................................................................... 7-4
7-2 Address Translation Types......................................................................................................7-5
7-3 General Flow of Address Translation (Real Addressing Mode and Block) ........................... 7-9
7-4 General Flow of Page and Direct-Store Address Translation............................................... 7-10
7-5 MMU Registers..................................................................................................................... 7-14
7-6 BAT Array Organization.......................................................................................................7-17
7-7 BAT Array Hit/Miss Flow..................................................................................................... 7-19
7-8 Format of Upper BAT Register............................................................................................. 7-21
7-9 Format of Lower BAT Register ............................................................................................ 7-21
7-10 Memory Protection Violation Flow for Blocks..................................................................... 7-24
7-11 Block Physical Address Generation...................................................................................... 7-25
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7-12 Block Address Translation Flow........................................................................................... 7-26
7-13 Page Address Translation Overview..................................................................................... 7-28
7-14 Segment Register Format for Page Address Translation......................................................7-29
7-15 Page Table Entry Format.......................................................................................................7-30
7-16 Memory Protection Violation Flow for Pages ...................................................................... 7-36
7-17 Page Address Translation Flow—TLB Hit........................................................................... 7-37
7-18 Page Memory Protection Violation Conditions
for Page Address Translation ........................................................................................... 7-38
7-19 Page Table Definitions.......................................................................................................... 7-39
7-20 SDR1 Register Format..........................................................................................................7-40
7-21 Hashing Functions for Page Tables....................................................................................... 7-42
7-22 Generation of Addresses for Page Tables ............................................................................. 7-44
7-23 Example Page Table Structure .............................................................................................. 7-46
7-24 Example Primary PTEG Address Generation....................................................................... 7-48
7-25 Example Secondary PTEG Address Generation................................................................... 7-49
7-26 Page Table Search Flow........................................................................................................7-51
7-27 Segment Register Format for Direct-Store Segments...........................................................7-54
7-28 Direct-Store Segment Translation Flow................................................................................ 7-56
8-1 Instruction Description............................................................................................................8-7
C-1 IEEE 64-Bit Execution Model................................................................................................C-1
C-2 Multiply-Add 64-Bit Execution Model...................................................................................C-3
E-1 Branch Conditional (bc) Instruction Format...........................................................................E-4
E-2 BO Field (Bits 6–10 of the Instruction Encoding)..................................................................E-5
E-3 BI Field (Bits 11–14 of the Instruction Encoding)..................................................................E-8
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NXP MPC823 Reference guide

Type
Reference guide

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