Adobe FrameMaker 8.0 User guide

ADOBE FRAMEMAKER 8

USER GUIDE

Adobe® FrameMaker® 8 User Guide for Windows® and UNIX®.

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Contents

Chapter 1: Getting started

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Adobe Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

What's new . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 2: FrameMaker basics

The Welcome Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

About the workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Understanding the structured workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Working with unstructured FrameMaker documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Working with structured FrameMaker documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

About structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Working with XML documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Word processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Text formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Multiple Undo/Redo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Chapter 3: Unicode support

About Unicode support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

FrameMaker features supporting Unicode content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Setting up your computer and keyboard to work with multiple languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Chapter 4: FrameMaker tables

About tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Inserting tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Converting between text and tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Copying, moving, and removing tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Changing the look of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Positioning tables on a page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Adjusting rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Sorting columns and rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

Rotating cells and tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Controlling page breaks in tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Positioning and autonumbering text within cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178

Working with ruling and shading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Redefining (updating) table formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Renaming and deleting table formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Creating table formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Working with tables in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Inserting structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Filling in structured tables with text and graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Copying, moving, and removing structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

iv

Applying different formats to structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Positioning structured tables on a page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Adjusting rows and columns in structured tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Rotating cells and tables in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Chapter 5: Cross-references and footnotes

Inserting cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Working with cross-reference markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Displaying the source of a cross-reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Editing cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Creating cross-reference formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Using building blocks for source information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Editing cross-reference formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Maintaining cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Resolving cross-references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Working with footnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Changing footnote formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Working with endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Working with cross-references in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Inserting element-based cross-references in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Working with ID values in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Resolving cross-references in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Working with footnotes in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Working with endnotes in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Chapter 6: Variables and equations

About variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Inserting variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Editing variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Deleting variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Converting variables to text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Updating system variables on body or reference pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Importing variable definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Changing variable definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Creating variables for running headers and footers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Working with variables in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

About Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Using the Equations palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Inserting math elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Creating equations in structured documents using elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Chapter 7: Filter By Attribute

About Filter By Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Build a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Apply a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Save a document after applying a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

v

Modify a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Delete a filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Chapter 8: Conditional text

About conditional text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Planning conditional documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Creating, changing, and deleting condition tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

Using Boolean expressions to generate conditional output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Applying and removing condition tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Working in conditional documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Editing elements in conditional structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Chapter 9: Graphics and anchored frames

About Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Using the drawing tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

About graphic elements in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

About Anchored Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Creating anchored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Editing anchored frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Preparing anchored frames for tagged PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Anchored frames in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Chapter 10: Color

About Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Color models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Planning to use color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Using color libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Applying colors and tints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Defining and modifying colors and tints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Viewing colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Printing color documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Postprocessing color documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Printing to typesetters (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Chapter 11: Page layout and templates

About page layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Changing the basic page layout of a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .380

Creating and editing custom master pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Aligning text across columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

About multiflow documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Working with reference pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

About Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Using templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Creating templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Organizing templates in a folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Creating templates for generated files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

vi

Creating templates to change conditional text settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Changing templates for blank paper and text files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Importing and updating formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

About import and update settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Chapter 12: Tables of contents and indexes

About Tables of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

About generated files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Preparing the sources for TOCs and other generated lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Generating TOCs and other lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Updating and editing TOCs and lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Troubleshooting TOCs and lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Embedding TOCs in a document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

About indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Adding index markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Generating indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Updating and editing indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Creating a master TOC or index for several books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Troubleshooting indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Adding custom marker types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Adding titles and other static text to lists and indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Formatting lists and indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Changing the sort order of indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Working with group titles in indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Working with TOCs in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Generating TOCs and other lists in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Updating and editing lists in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Adding index marker elements in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Formatting lists and indexes in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Troubleshooting TOCs and lists in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Embedding TOCs in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Chapter 13: Books

About book files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Building books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Working with files in a book window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Determining how documents and pages are numbered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Inserting numbering in your documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

Changing the format of files in a book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Using book-wide commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Updating books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Comparing books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Troubleshooting books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

About structured book files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

Generating and updating structured books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Working with book structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

vii

Chapter 14: Revision management

About revision management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

About change bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

Comparing document versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Determining the number of words and characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Track Edited Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Chapter 15: Managing files using WebDAV

File management using WebDAV (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Getting started with workgroup management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Managing document links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

Chapter 16: Importing, linking, and exporting

About importing files into FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Choosing the right method for importing and linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501

Using Copy and Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Using the Import command to import text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Using the Import command to import graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508

Using drag and drop (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Using OLE (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Using graphic insets (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Exporting text and graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

Importing text into structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Inserting imported graphic elements into structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Using the File Import feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Importing SWF files into FrameMaker documents (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Importing three-dimensional objects into FrameMaker documents (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Chapter 17: Hypertext and view-only documents

About online systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

Preparing areas for becoming active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Inserting hypertext commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

Creating hypertext links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

Creating button matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Creating pop-up menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

Creating alert messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

Creating ways to start or open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

Creating ways to close or exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

Testing and troubleshooting hypertext documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

Adding hypertext links to generated files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

Working in view-only documents and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .551

Working with FluidView format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

Inserting hypertext command elements in structured documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Chapter 18: HTML, XML, and Adobe PDF conversion

About HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

About Adobe PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

About tagged Adobe PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581

viii

Defining a tagged Adobe PDF file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Troubleshooting and tips on PDF conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

Saving structured documents as Adobe PDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583

Defining PDF job options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

Chapter 19: Processing XML

Migration from unstructured FrameMaker to XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

XML with FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

XML with XSL transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

XML with Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

XML with Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

Chapter 20: UNIX macros and utilities

About the UNIX version of FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Using UNIX keyboard macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Capturing UNIX screen images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

Performing command-line operations with fmbatch (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630

Printing with fmprint (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Copying file hierarchies with fmcopy (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Inverting images with fminvert (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

Converting color images to monochrome (UNIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

Chapter 21: Creating accessible documents (Windows)

Authoring for accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

Using accessibility features in FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638

Setting your FrameMaker workspace for high-contrast viewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Preparing documents for accessibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

Testing accessibility in files using a screen reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640

Chapter 22: Structured authoring using DITA

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

About DITA in FrameMaker 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

Using DITA in FrameMaker 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670

Chapter 23: Adobe Technical Communication Suite features in Adobe FrameMaker

Creating and editing images using RoboScreen Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671

Inserting and editing Adobe Captivate demos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672

Launch Adobe Acrobat Connect from Adobe FrameMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

Sending PDFs for review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675

Appendix A: Typing in dialog boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

About typing in dialog boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679

Appendix B: Keyboard shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681

Keyboard shortcuts for Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681

Keyboard shortcuts for UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738

ix

Shortcuts for specific keyboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

Working with structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788

1

Chapter 1: Getting started

If you haven't installed your new software, begin by reading some information on installation and other prelimi-

naries. Before you begin working with your software, take a few moments to read an overview of Adobe® Help® and

of the many resources available to users. You have access to plug-ins, templates, user communities, seminars,

tutorials, RSS feeds, and much more.

Installation

Requirements

To review complete system requirements and recommendations for your Adobe software, see the Read Me file on

the installation CD.

Install the software

1 Close any other Adobe applications open on your computer.

2 Insert the installation disc into your CD drive, and follow the on-screen instructions.

Note: For more information, see the Read Me file on the installation CD.

Activate the software

If you have a single-user retail license for your Adobe software, you will be asked to activate your software; this is a

simple, anonymous process that you must complete within 30 days of starting the software.

For more information on product activation, see the Read Me file on your installation CD, or visit the Adobe website

at www.adobe.com/go/activation.

1 If the Activation dialog box isn't already open, choose Help > Activate.

2 Follow the on-screen instructions.

Note: If you want to install the software on a different computer, you must first deactivate it on your computer. Choose

Help > Deactivate.

Register

Register your product to receive notifications of updates and other services.

To register, follow the on-screen instructions in the Registration dialog box, which appears after you install and

activate the software.

If you postpone registration, you can register at any time by choosing Help > Registration.

ADOBE FRAMEMAKER 8

User Guide

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Adobe Help

Adobe Help resources

Documentation for your Adobe software is available in a variety of formats.

In-product and LiveDocs Help

In-product Help provides access to all documentation and instructional content available at the time the software

ships. It is available through the Help menu in your Adobe software.

LiveDocs Help includes all the content from in-product Help, plus updates and links to additional instructional

content available on the web. For some products, you can also add comments to the topics in LiveDocs Help. Find

LiveDocs Help for your product in the Adobe Help Resource Center, at www.adobe.com/go/documentation.

Think of Help, both in the product and on the web, as a hub for accessing additional content and communities of

users. The most complete and up-to-date version of Help is always on the web.

PDF documentation

The in-product Help is also available as a PDF that is optimized for printing. Other documents, such as installation

guides and white papers, may also be provided as PDFs. All documents available in the OnlineManuals folder in the

previous versions of Adobe FrameMaker® are posted on the Adobe web.

All PDF documentation is available through the Adobe Help Resource Center, at www.adobe.com/go/

documentation.

To see the PDF documentation included with your software, look in the Documents folder on the installation or

content CD.

Printed documentation

Printed editions of the product Help are available for purchase in the Adobe Store, at www.adobe.com/go/store. You

can also find books published by Adobe publishing partners in the Adobe Store.

A printed Getting Started Guide is also included with the software.

Customer support

Visit the Adobe Support website, at www.adobe.com/support, to find troubleshooting information for your product

and to learn about free and paid technical support options. Follow the Training link for access to Adobe Press books,

a variety of training resources, Adobe software certification programs, and more.

Downloads

Visit www.adobe.com/go/downloads to find free updates, tryouts, and other useful software. In addition, the Adobe

Store (at www.adobe.com/go/store) provides access to thousands of plug-ins from third-party developers, helping

you to automate tasks, customize workflows, create specialized professional effects, and more.

ADOBE FRAMEMAKER 8

User Guide

3

Adobe Labs

Adobe Labs® gives you the opportunity to experience and evaluate new and emerging technologies and products

from Adobe.

At Adobe Labs, you have access to resources such as these:

• Prerelease software and technologies

• Code samples and best practices to accelerate your learning

• Early versions of product and technical documentation

• Forums, wiki-based content, and other collaborative resources to help you interact with like-minded developers

Adobe Labs fosters a collaborative software development process. In this environment, customers quickly become

productive with new products and technologies. Adobe Labs is also a forum for early feedback, which the Adobe

development teams use to create software that meets the needs and expectations of the community.

Visit Adobe Labs at www.adobe.com/go/labs.

User communities

User communities feature forums, blogs, and other avenues for users to share technologies, tools, and information.

Users can ask questions and find out how others are getting the most out of their software. User-to-user forums are

available in English, French, German, and Japanese; blogs are posted in a wide range of languages.

To participate in forums or blogs, visit www.adobe.com/communities.

What's new

Top new features of Adobe FrameMaker 8

Unicode support Support for the Unicode text encoding standard lets you author content in multiple languages. All

features in FrameMaker, such as find and change, markers, hypertext, and catalog entries, support Unicode. You can

export to PDF with Unicode bookmarks, tags, comments, and so on. You can import or export Unicode content from

other applications. Additional dictionaries help you author content in more languages.

Enhanced conditional text features Single-sourcing of documents is enhanced by the following features:

• Manage condition tags, using the new Manage Conditional Tag dialog box.

• Add new condition tags, using the new Add Conditional Tag dialog box.

• Rename condition tags.

• Use the New Color button in the Edit Conditional Tag dialog box to define a new color for a condition tag.

• Visually distinguish text with multiple condition tags, as the color of the text depends on the set of tags applied to

the text. For more information, see “Appearance of text with multiple condition tags” on page 307.

• Build Boolean expressions with complex combinations of condition tags and Boolean operators to generate condi-

tional output.

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Enhanced Structured/XML authoring Structured authoring is improved with the following enhancements:

• XML roundtripping is enhanced to preserve XML comments as markers. System variables and Processing

Instructions (PIs) are also roundtripped.

• You can import element formatting from CSS into DTD, so you can ensure consistent formatting across different

XML applications. The CSS file can be referenced in the XML document or manually imported. Multiple CSS files

can be imported sequentially, for multi-level formatting.

• Support for single-sourcing workflows lets you filter structured documents. The single-sourcing workflows are

preserved across other XML applications, which use attribute values for filtering XML documents.

Filter By Attribute You can filter structured documents based on attribute values using complex Boolean expres-

sions. Multiple expressions can be created and saved for generating different outputs.

Track Text Edits You can track text edits made in a document. The added and deleted text are highlighted for visual

distinction. You can navigate through the edited sections and accept or reject specific changes. You can also preview

the document to see its original or final state. The changed information is preserved in the XML roundtrip.

DITA application pack The in-built DITA application pack and a DITA menu, facilitate DITA authoring. You can

generate a FrameMaker document directly from a DITA Map. You can use the standard FrameMaker features while

authoring DITA content.

3D workflows (Windows® only) You can insert 3D objects (U3D format) in FrameMaker 8 documents only. You can

also set parameters, such as default view, rendering mode, background color, and lighting scheme for the 3D object.

You can publish the document in PDF format with active 3D models. The 3D objects are preserved in the XML

roundtrip.

Support for SWF files (Windows only) You can create documents with SWF files, such as Adobe Captivate® movies.

The SWF object is preserved in the XML roundtrip.

HTTP file path support (Windows only) You can specify an HTTP path to import graphics into a document, either

by copying or by reference. The HTTP path is preserved in the XML roundtrip.

Enhanced WebDAV support The WebDAV support is extended to allow authoring and editing of XML files located

on the Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) server.

Import of Office 2007 content (Windows only) You can import content from Microsoft® Word® and Microsoft

Excel® 2007.

5

Chapter 2: FrameMaker basics

The Welcome Screen

By default, the Welcome Screen appears when you open FrameMaker only when Adobe Flash® Player is installed in

your machine. If you want, you can prevent the Welcome Screen from appearing using the following steps.

To prevent the display of the Welcome Screen:

1

Select File > Preferences > General.

The Preferences dialog box appears.

2 Select the Don't Show Welcome Screen option if you don’t want this dialog box to appear when you open

the software.

3 Click Set.

The Welcome Screen isn’t displayed the next time you open FrameMaker.

Note: You can also select the Don’t Show Welcome Screen Again option in the Welcome Screen.

About the workspace

The Adobe FrameMaker workspace comprises structured and unstructured interfaces. A workspace includes a

Document window with formatted contents or the Structure View window with the Element Catalog. When you

work in the unstructured workspace, the only window available is the Document window, which displays the content

of your document as it will appear on a printed page or online. Alternatively, the Document window and the

Structure View window are available when you work in the structured workspace. These windows help you organize

elements in a valid structure.

When you open the application for the first time, FrameMaker provides you with the option to work in the Unstruc-

tured FrameMaker workspace, or in the Structured FrameMaker workspace. You can change the interface you work

in by selecting the desired workspace. After you select the workspace, FrameMaker opens in the selected mode in

each successive launch of the application, regardless of the structure status of the document you open.

To switch between unstructured FrameMaker and structured FrameMaker:

1

Select File > Preferences > General (Windows), or File > Preferences (UNIX®).

2 In the Product Interface list, select FrameMaker or Structured FrameMaker.

3 Click Set. You are prompted to restart FrameMaker for the preference change to take effect.

Components of the FrameMaker workspace

FrameMakercomprises several components and operations common to the structured and unstructured

workspaces.

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User Guide

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Document window

A Document window appears when you open a structured or unstructured FrameMaker document. The window

shows the document with its text formatted, its graphics and other items in place, and everything laid out in a page

design. If more than one document is open, a Document window appears for each one.

Customizing the document display in the Document window

You can change the way each document window looks in the following ways:

• Zooming in and out

• Changing the preset display units

• Showing and hiding window guides

• Changing the set of menu commands

Zooming in and out

You can zoom in to focus on details or zoom out to see more. The Zoom pop-up menu, in both the Document

window and Structure View for structured documents, shows the current zoom setting.

A. Zoom pop-up menu B. Zoom Out button C. Zoom In button

You can change the zoom setting of one or more documents in a book by selecting the documents in the book

window and choosing a command from the View > Zoom menu.However, the Fit Page In Window, Fit Window to

Page, and Fit Window To Text Frame will affect only selected documents that are open.

To change the zoom setting:

❖ Do one of the following:

• To magnify text and objects, click the Zoom In button. FrameMaker zooms in on the area of the page containing

the insertion point or selection. If the document doesn’t contain an insertion point or a selection, FrameMaker

zooms in on the center of the page.

• To decrease the magnification, click the Zoom Out button.

• To display text and objects at a particular magnification, select a percentage from the Zoom pop-up menu.

• To display the entire page in the current window, select Fit Page In Window from the Zoom pop-up menu.

To resize the window to the size of the page:

❖ Select Fit Window To Page from the Zoom pop-up menu. If the view options are set to display facing pages, the

window is resized to accommodate two pages side by side.

To resize the window to the size of the text frame:

❖ Select Fit Window To Text Frame from the Zoom pop-up menu.

A

C

B

A

C

B

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To change the available zoom settings:

1

Select Set from the Zoom pop-up menu.

2 Do one of the following:

• To change the available zoom settings, select the percentage you want to change and enter the new percentage.

Enter any percentage from 25% to 1600%. The values are sorted in the ascending order, so you can enter values in

any text box.

• To return to the default percentages, click Get Defaults.

Note: You can customize the default zoom settings. For information, see the online manual Customizing FrameMaker

on the Adobe website: www.adobe.com/devnet/framemaker/pdfs/Customizing_Frame_Products.pdf.

3 Click Set.

To make 100% zoom match the page size in Windows:

1 Select File > Preferences > General.

2 For Monitor Size, specify the diagonal size of your monitor, and then click OK.

If screen-to-paper fidelity is not critical, you may want to leave Monitor Size set to Default. This ensures cross-appli-

cation compatibility, which is important if you frequently edit embedded OLE objects within a document.

Changing the preset display units

Some text boxes in dialog boxes require a unit of measurement (such as points or inches) for the value you enter. You

can specify the default units for font size and line spacing (font size units) and for other measurements (display

units). The default units of measurement appear after the values in the text boxes. If you enter a value without a unit

of measurement, FrameMaker uses the default unit.

To change the preset units:

1

Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to work in.

2 Select View > Options.

3 Specify values for Display Units and Font Size Units, and then click Set.

To enter different units in a text box:

❖ Enter one of the following abbreviations for the units along with the numeric value:

• cm to specify centimeters

• mm to specify millimeters

• " or in to specify inches

• pc, pi, or pica to specify picas

• pt or point to specify points

• dd to specify didots

• cc or cicero to specify ciceros

• Q to specify Q units (refers to font size and line spacing for Japanese language only)

FrameMaker converts the entry to the preset display units when you click a command button in the dialog box.

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For example, if your document’s display units are picas and if you want to set a paragraph indent of 1 inch, enter 1"

in the First Indent text box. When you click Apply, the measurement changes to the number of picas that corre-

sponds to 1 inch.

Showing and hiding window guides

You may want to show several visual guides in the document window. The following types of guides are available:

• Borders around text frames, graphic frames, and imported objects

• Markers, paragraph returns, and other symbols in running text

• Rulers along the top and left side of the window

You can also show a grid of horizontal and vertical lines for drawing, resizing, and aligning graphics. For information

on this grid, see “Using grids” on page 311.

The visual guides are all nonprinting, so you do not need to hide them when you print.

To show or hide visual guides:

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Do the following:

• To show or hide borders, select View > Borders. (If the book window is active, select View > Show Borders or

View > Hide Borders.)

• To show or hide the text symbols, select View > Text Symbols. The following symbols may appear in the

document window.

• To show or hide the rulers, select View > Rulers.

To change the spacing of ruler or grid intervals:

1

Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Select View > Options.

3 Select a new setting from the Rulers pop-up menu or from the Grid pop-up menu, and click Set.

Text symbol Meaning

End of paragraph

End of flow and end of table cell

Tab

Anchored frame and table anchor

Marker

Forced return

Manual equation alignment point

Nonbreaking space

Discretionary hyphen

Suppress hyphenation

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Changing the set of menu commands

You can display a subset of menu commands called quick menus. The quick menus do not have commands for

formatting text, editing some aspects of graphics, and inserting some objects such as markers and variables.

If you do not see all the menu commands described in this manual, you may have the quick menus displayed.

Note: If you’re using a structured document, your application developer may have changed the commands available in

the complete menus.

To display the quick menus:

❖ Select View > Menus > Quick.

To return to the complete menus:

❖ Select View > Menus > Complete.

To customize menus:

❖ Add, move, or remove menus and commands as described in the online manual Customizing FrameMaker.

This manual is available on the Adobe website: www.adobe.com/devnet/framemaker/pdfs/

Customizing_Frame_Products.pdf.

File display options

FrameMaker contains an option that allows you to display the file name before the path in the frame titles of

document windows, so that you can see the file name if a long path name would otherwise hide it.

• In Windows, there is a new flag, DisplayFileLeafFirst, in the initialization file, maker.ini. If the value

is

On, the file name in the document or book window title is shown in the format filename pathname. This format

is also used to display the file name in the dialog that lists all open files. By default the value is set to

Off, the line

is marked as a comment, and the file name is displayed in the format pathname filename, as previously.

• In UNIX, there is a new boolean xresource, Maker.displayFileLeafFirst. When this is set to True, the

file name in the document or book window title is shown in the format filename pathname. By default the value

is set to

False, and the file name is displayed in the format pathname filename, as previously.

The flag does not affect how the root name of the folder or directory tree is shown in individual file names inside the

book window.

Paging through a document in the Document window

You can page through a Document window using controls in the status bar.

A. Previous Page button B. Next Page button

You can also define how FrameMaker displays pages when you scroll—up and down, left and right, or two pages at

a time.

If the document you are paging through is part of an open book, FrameMaker may display an alert message

prompting you to choose to open the next or previous document in the book. For example, if you click the Previous

Page button on the first page of a document, clicking Yes in the alert message box will open the previous document

in the book. The last page of that document will appear.

A

B

ADOBE FRAMEMAKER 8

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To go to another page:

❖ Do one of the following:

• To go to the next page, click the Next Page button.

• To go to the previous page, click the Previous Page button.

• To go to the first page in the document, Shift-click the Previous Page button.

• To go to the last page in the document, Shift-click the Next Page button.

• To go to a specific page or the page containing a specific line number, click in the Page Status area, specify the page

or line number you want to display, and click Go.

• To go to the page containing the insertion point, click in the Page Status area, click Page Containing the Insertion

Point, and click Go.

• To move quickly through the pages, scroll vertically.

You can click or select in the Structure View to display the corresponding page in the document window.

This is often the quickest way to go to the page you want. For information on working in Structure View, see “The

Structure View window” on page 12.

To set how pages scroll:

1 Make the appropriate document window or book window active. If a book window is active, select the documents

you want to affect.

2 Choose View > Options.

3 Choose one of the following options from the Page Scrolling pop-up menu:

• To display pages from top to bottom (for example, page 2 below page 1), choose Vertical.

• To display pages from left to right (for example, page 2 to the right of page 1), choose Horizontal.

• To display pages two at a time, side by side, choose Facing Pages.

• To display as many pages as will fit in the window from left to right, choose Variable.

4 Click Set.

To make pages display more quickly:

❖ Do the following:

• Open the document by bypassing the update of imported graphics, cross-references, and text insets. (Opening a

document without updating references makes a document open faster but may slow down the display of

individual pages.) For more information on this, see “Opening documents without updating references” on

page 23.

• Turn off the display of graphics by choosing View > Options, deselecting the Graphics option, and clicking Set.

The graphics also do not appear in print.

• Display small text as gray bars by choosing File > Preferences > General, entering a point size in the Greek Screen

Text Smaller text box, and clicking Set. Whenever text in your document is displayed in a point size smaller than

the size you specified, it appears on the screen as a gray bar.

Using command shortcuts

You can use the following types of shortcuts in a structured or unstructured document:

• Keyboard shortcuts for all commands (for a list of these shortcuts, see the online Help).

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• The QuickAccess bar, which has several pages of commands for working with documents and editing text,

graphics, and tables

• The Formatting bar, which contains text formatting commands

• The Track Text Edit bar, which contains commands for tracking, accepting, and rejecting text edits

• The context pop-up menus, which have commands that are useful at the location of the pointer

Important: When using structured documents, keep in mind that shortcuts have the same effect on your document’s

structure as their menu-command equivalents. For example, if you paste an element using a context menu, the element

may not be valid at its new location. Or if you change text to italics using a QuickAccess command, you may be

overriding an element’s format rules.

You can view multiple documents in different tabs. When you select the Tabbed Bar option in the View menu, the

tabs of open FrameMaker document windows appears.

FrameMaker also provides a formatting bar for quickly modifying a paragraph’s spacing, alignment, or tab stops. You

should use this bar only in an unstructured document, because in structured documents these properties are usually

handled by elements. For more information, see “Changing text without using the catalogs” on page 103.

Note: If you select text to which different font types, font sizes, and paragraph tags have been applied, the Paragraph

Format, Font Name, and Font Size menus in the Formatting bar will display blank entries. For example, if you select

text containing font sizes 12 and 14, the entry in the Font Size menu will appear blank.

Using the QuickAccess bar

You can keep the QuickAccess bar open in the workspace and click commands as you need them. See the Quick

Reference Card for a list of the available commands.

To display the QuickAccess bar:

❖ Select View > QuickAccess bar.

To use the QuickAccess bar:

❖ Do any of the following:

• To select a command from the bar, click the command button.

• To display a different group of commands, click on the bar.

• To change to vertical or horizontal orientation, click on the bar.

• To view help for the commands, click on the bar.

To close the QuickAccess bar:

❖ Do one of the following:

• (Windows) Select View > QuickAccess bar.

• (UNIX) Place the pointer on the bar and press Control+c.

Using context menus

The context menus contain commands for the item under the pointer—for example, text, a graphic, selected table

cells, or the document as a whole when the pointer is in the margin.

To display a context menu:

❖ Right-click.

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