Microchip Technology AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano User manual

Brand: Microchip Technology

Model: AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano

Type: User manual

This manual is also suitable for

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano User Guide

Preface

The AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Evaluation Kit is a hardware platform to evaluate microcontrollers in the AVR-DA

family. This board has the AVR128DA48 microcontroller (MCU) mounted.

Supported by Atmel Studio and Microchip MPLAB

X Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), the board

provides easy access to the features of the AVR128DA48 to explore how to integrate the device into a custom

design.

The Curiosity Nano series of evaluation boards include an on-board debugger. No external tools are necessary to

program and debug the AVR128DA48.

• MPLAB

X IDE and Atmel Studio - Software to discover, configure, develop, program, and debug Microchip

microcontrollers.

• Code examples in Atmel START - Get started with code examples or generate drivers for a custom

application.

• Code examples on GitHub - Get started with code examples.

• AVR128DA48 website - Find documentation, datasheets, sample, and purchase microcontrollers.

• AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano website - Kit information, latest user guide and design documentation.

User Guide

DS50002971A-page 1

Table of Contents

Preface........................................................................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1. Features....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.2. Kit Overview................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Getting Started........................................................................................................................................ 5

2.1. Quick Start....................................................................................................................................5

2.2. Design Documentation and Relevant Links................................................................................. 5

3. Curiosity Nano.........................................................................................................................................7

3.1. On-Board Debugger Overview..................................................................................................... 7

3.1.1. Debugger.......................................................................................................................7

3.1.2. Virtual Serial Port (CDC)................................................................................................8

3.1.2.1. Overview..................................................................................................... 8

3.1.2.2. Operating System Support.......................................................................... 8

3.1.2.3. Limitations................................................................................................... 9

3.1.2.4. Signaling......................................................................................................9

3.1.2.5. Advanced Use............................................................................................. 9

3.1.3. Mass Storage Device...................................................................................................10

3.1.3.1. Mass Storage Device Implementation.......................................................10

3.1.3.2. Fuse Bytes.................................................................................................11

3.1.3.3. Limitations of Drag-and-Drop Programming..............................................11

3.1.3.4. Special Commands................................................................................... 11

3.1.4. Data Gateway Interface (DGI)..................................................................................... 12

3.1.4.1. Debug GPIO..............................................................................................12

3.1.4.2. Timestamping............................................................................................12

3.2. Curiosity Nano Standard Pinout................................................................................................. 13

3.3. Power Supply............................................................................................................................. 13

3.3.1. Target Regulator.......................................................................................................... 14

3.3.2. External Supply............................................................................................................15

3.3.3. VBUS Output Pin.........................................................................................................16

3.3.4. Power Supply Exceptions............................................................................................16

3.4. Low Power Measurement...........................................................................................................17

3.5. Programming External Microcontrollers..................................................................................... 18

3.5.1. Supported Devices...................................................................................................... 18

3.5.2. Software Configuration................................................................................................ 18

3.5.3. Hardware Modifications............................................................................................... 19

3.5.4. Connecting to External Microcontrollers...................................................................... 20

3.6. Connecting External Debuggers................................................................................................ 21

4. Hardware User Guide........................................................................................................................... 24

4.1. Connectors.................................................................................................................................24

4.1.1. AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Pinout...........................................................................24

4.1.2. Using Pin Headers.......................................................................................................24

4.2. Peripherals................................................................................................................................. 25

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DS50002971A-page 2

4.2.1. LED..............................................................................................................................25

4.2.2. Mechanical Switch.......................................................................................................25

4.2.3. Crystal..........................................................................................................................25

4.2.4. On-Board Debugger Implementation...........................................................................26

4.2.4.1. On-Board Debugger Connections............................................................. 26

5. Hardware Revision History and Known Issues..................................................................................... 27

5.1. Identifying Product ID and Revision........................................................................................... 27

5.2. Revision 3...................................................................................................................................27

6. Document Revision History...................................................................................................................28

7. Appendix............................................................................................................................................... 29

7.1. Schematic...................................................................................................................................29

7.2. Assembly Drawing......................................................................................................................31

7.3. Curiosity Nano Base for Click boards

™

...................................................................................... 32

7.4. Disconnecting the On-board Debugger......................................................................................33

7.5. Getting Started with IAR.............................................................................................................34

The Microchip Website.................................................................................................................................37

Product Change Notification Service............................................................................................................37

Customer Support........................................................................................................................................ 37

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature................................................................................................ 37

Legal Notice................................................................................................................................................. 37

Trademarks.................................................................................................................................................. 38

Quality Management System....................................................................................................................... 38

Worldwide Sales and Service.......................................................................................................................39

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano

User Guide

DS50002971A-page 3

1. Introduction

1.1 Features

• AVR128DA48-I/PT Microcontroller

• One Yellow User LED

• One Mechanical User Switch

• One 32.768 kHz Crystal

• On-Board Debugger:

– Board identification in Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE

– One green power and status LED

– Programming and debugging

– Virtual serial port (CDC)

– Two debug GPIO channels (DGI GPIO)

• USB Powered

• Adjustable Target Voltage:

– MIC5353 LDO regulator controlled by the on-board debugger

– 1.8-5.1V output voltage (limited by USB input voltage)

– 500 mA maximum output current (limited by ambient temperature and output voltage)

1.2 Kit Overview

The Microchip AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Evaluation Kit is a hardware platform to evaluate the AVR128DA48

microcontroller.

Figure 1-1. AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Evaluation Kit Overview

Micro USB

Connector

Debugger

Power/Status

LED

32.768 kHz

Crystal

User LED

(LED0)

User Switch

(SW0)

AVR128DA48

MCU

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano

Introduction

User Guide

DS50002971A-page 4

2. Getting Started

2.1 Quick Start

Steps to start exploring the AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Board:

1. Download Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE.

2. Launch Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE.

3. Optional: Use MPLAB

Code Configurator or Atmel START to generate drivers and examples.

4. Write your application code.

5. Connect a USB cable (Standard-A to Micro-B or Micro-AB) between the PC and the debug USB port on the

board.

Driver Installation

When the board is connected to your computer for the first time, the operating system will perform a driver software

installation. The driver file supports both 32- and 64-bit versions of Microsoft

Windows

XP, Windows Vista

Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10. The drivers for the board are included with Atmel Studio/Microchip

MPLAB

X IDE.

Kit Window

Once the board is powered, the green status LED will be lit, and Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE will auto-

detect which boards are connected. Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE will present relevant information like data

sheets and board documentation. The AVR128DA48 device on the AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Board is

programmed and debugged by the on-board debugger and, therefore, no external programmer or debugger tool is

required.

Tip: The Kit Window can be opened in MPLAB X IDE through the menu bar Window > Kit Window.

2.2 Design Documentation and Relevant Links

The following list contains links to the most relevant documents and software for the AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano

Board:

• MPLAB

X IDE - MPLAB X IDE is a software program that runs on a PC (Windows

, Mac OS

, Linux

) to

develop applications for Microchip microcontrollers and digital signal controllers. It is called an Integrated

Development Environment (IDE) because it provides a single integrated “environment” to develop code for

embedded microcontrollers.

• Atmel Studio - Free IDE for the development of C/C++ and assembler code for microcontrollers.

• IAR Embedded Workbench

for AVR

- This is a commercial C/C++ compiler that is available for AVR

microcontrollers. There is a 30-day evaluation version as well as a 4 KB code-size-limited kick-start version

available from their website.

• MPLAB

Code Configurator - MPLAB Code Configurator (MCC) is a free software plug-in that provides a

graphical interface to configure peripherals and functions specific to your application.

• Atmel START - Atmel START is an online tool that hosts code examples, helps the user to select and configure

software components, and tailor your embedded application in a usable and optimized manner.

• Microchip Sample Store - Microchip sample store where you can order samples of devices.

• MPLAB Data Visualizer - MPLAB Data Visualizer is a program used for processing and visualizing data. The

Data Visualizer can receive data from various sources such as serial ports and on-board debugger’s Data

Gateway Interface, as found on Curiosity Nano and Xplained Pro boards.

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Getting Started

User Guide

DS50002971A-page 5

• Studio Data Visualizer - Studio Data Visualizer is a program used for processing and visualizing data. The

Data Visualizer can receive data from various sources such as serial ports, on-board debugger’s Data Gateway

Interface as found on Curiosity Nano and Xplained Pro boards, and power data from the Power Debugger.

• Microchip PIC

and AVR Examples - Microchip PIC and AVR Device Examples is a collection of examples

and labs that use Microchip development boards to showcase the use of PIC and AVR device peripherals.

• Microchip PIC

and AVR Solutions - Microchip PIC and AVR Device Solutions contains complete applications

for use with Microchip development boards, ready to be adapted and extended.

• AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano website - Kit information, latest user guide and design documentation.

• AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano on microchipDIRECT - Purchase this kit on microchipDIRECT.

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano

Getting Started

User Guide

DS50002971A-page 6

3. Curiosity Nano

Curiosity Nano is an evaluation platform of small boards with access to most of the microcontrollers I/Os. The

platform consists of a series of low pin count microcontroller (MCU) boards with on-board debuggers, which are

integrated with Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE. Each board is identified in the IDE. When plugged in, a Kit

Window is displayed with links to key documentation, including relevant user guides, application notes, data sheets,

and example code. Everything is easy to find. The on-board debugger features a virtual serial port (CDC) for serial

communication to a host PC and a Data Gateway Interface (DGI) with debug GPIO pin(s).

3.1 On-Board Debugger Overview

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano contains an on-board debugger for programming and debugging. The on-board

debugger is a composite USB device consisting of several interfaces:

• A debugger that can program and debug the AVR128DA48 in Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE

• A mass storage device that allows drag-and-drop programming of the AVR128DA48

• A virtual serial port (CDC) that is connected to a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) on the

AVR128DA48, and provides an easy way to communicate with the target application through terminal software

• A Data Gateway Interface (DGI) for code instrumentation with logic analyzer channels (debug GPIO) to visualize

program flow

The on-board debugger controls a Power and Status LED (marked PS) on the AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Board.

The table below shows how the LED is controlled in different operation modes.

Table 3-1. On-Board Debugger LED Control

Operation Mode Power and Status LED

Boot Loader mode The LED blinks slowly during power-up.

Power-up The LED is ON.

Normal operation The LED is ON.

Programming Activity indicator: The LED blinks slowly during programming/debugging.

Drag-and-drop

programming

Success: The LED blinks slowly for 2 sec.

Failure: The LED blinks rapidly for 2 sec.

Fault The LED blinks rapidly if a power fault is detected.

Sleep/Off The LED is OFF. The on-board debugger is either in a sleep mode or powered down.

This can occur if the board is externally powered.

Info: Slow blinking is approximately 1 Hz, and rapid blinking is approximately 5 Hz.

3.1.1 Debugger

The on-board debugger on the AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano Board appears as a Human Interface Device (HID) on

the host computer’s USB subsystem. The debugger supports full-featured programming and debugging of the

AVR128DA48 using Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE, as well as some third-party IDEs.

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Remember: Keep the debugger’s firmware up-to-date. Firmware upgrades are done automatically when

using Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE.

3.1.2 Virtual Serial Port (CDC)

The virtual serial port (CDC) is a general purpose serial bridge between a host PC and a target device.

3.1.2.1 Overview

The on-board debugger implements a composite USB device that includes a standard Communications Device Class

(CDC) interface, which appears on the host as a virtual serial port. The CDC can be used to stream arbitrary data in

both directions between the host computer and the target: All characters sent through the virtual serial port on the

host computer will be transmitted as UART on the debugger’s CDC TX pin, and UART characters captured on the

debugger’s CDC RX pin will be returned to the host computer through the virtual serial port.

Figure 3-1. CDC Connection

Target MCU

UART TX

UART RX

Debugger

USB

CDC RX

CDC TX

Terminal

Software

Target

Receive

Target

Send

Terminal

Receive

Terminal

Send

Info: As shown in Figure 3-1, the debugger’s CDC TX pin is connected to a UART RX pin on the target

for receiving characters from the host computer. Similarly, the debugger’s CDC RX pin is connected to a

UART TX pin on the target for transmitting characters to the host computer.

3.1.2.2 Operating System Support

On Windows machines, the CDC will enumerate as Curiosity Virtual COM Port and appear in the Ports section of the

Windows Device Manager. The COM port number can also be found there.

Info: On older Windows systems, a USB driver is required for CDC. This driver is included in installations

of Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE.

On Linux machines, the CDC will enumerate and appear as /dev/ttyACM#.

Info: tty* devices belong to the “dialout” group in Linux, so it may be necessary to become a member of

that group to have permissions to access the CDC.

On MAC machines, the CDC will enumerate and appear as /dev/tty.usbmodem#. Depending on which terminal

program is used, it will appear in the available list of modems as usbmodem#.

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DS50002971A-page 8

Info: For all operating systems: Be sure to use a terminal emulator that supports DTR signaling. See

3.1.2.4 Signaling.

3.1.2.3 Limitations

Not all UART features are implemented in the on-board debugger CDC. The constraints are outlined here:

• Baud rate: Must be in the range of 1200 bps to 500 kbps. Any baud rate outside this range will be set to the

closest limit, without warning. Baud rate can be changed on-the-fly.

• Character format: Only 8-bit characters are supported.

• Parity: Can be odd, even, or none.

• Hardware flow control: Not supported.

• Stop bits: One or two bits are supported.

3.1.2.4 Signaling

During USB enumeration, the host OS will start both communication and data pipes of the CDC interface. At this

point, it is possible to set and read back the baud rate and other UART parameters of the CDC, but data sending and

receiving will not be enabled.

When a terminal connects on the host, it must assert the DTR signal. As this is a virtual control signal implemented

on the USB interface, it is not physically present on the board. Asserting the DTR signal from the host will indicate to

the on-board debugger that a CDC session is active. The debugger will then enable its level shifters (if available), and

start the CDC data send and receive mechanisms.

Deasserting the DTR signal will not disable the level shifters but disable the receiver so no further data will be

streamed to the host. Data packets that are already queued up for sending to the target will continue to be sent out,

but no further data will be accepted.

Remember: Set up the terminal emulator to assert the DTR signal. Without the signal, the on-board

debugger will not send or receive any data through its UART.

Tip: The on-board debugger’s CDC TX pin will not be driven until the CDC interface is enabled by the

host computer. Also, there are no external pull-up resistors on the CDC lines connecting the debugger and

the target, which means that during power-up, these lines are floating. To avoid any glitches resulting in

unpredictable behavior like framing errors, the target device should enable the internal pull-up resistor on

the pin connected to the debugger’s CDC TX pin.

3.1.2.5 Advanced Use

CDC Override Mode

In normal operation, the on-board debugger is a true UART bridge between the host and the device. However, in

certain use cases, the on-board debugger can override the basic operating mode and use the CDC TX and RX pins

for other purposes.

Dropping a text file into the on-board debugger’s mass storage drive can be used to send characters out of the

debugger’s CDC TX pin. The filename and extension are trivial, but the text file must start with the characters:

CMD:SEND_UART=

The maximum message length is 50 characters – all remaining data in the frame are ignored.

The default baud rate used in this mode is 9600 bps, but if the CDC is already active or has been configured, the

previously used baud rate still applies.

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DS50002971A-page 9

USB-Level Framing Considerations

Sending data from the host to the CDC can be done byte-wise or in blocks, which will be chunked into 64-byte USB

frames. Each such frame will be queued up for sending to the debugger’s CDC TX pin. Transferring a small amount

of data per frame can be inefficient, particularly at low baud rates, because the on-board debugger buffers frames

and not bytes. A maximum of four 64-byte frames can be active at any time. The on-board debugger will throttle the

incoming frames accordingly. Sending full 64-byte frames containing data is the most efficient method.

When receiving data on the debugger’s CDC RX pin, the on-board debugger will queue up the incoming bytes into

64-byte frames, which are sent to the USB queue for transmission to the host when they are full. Incomplete frames

are also pushed to the USB queue at approximately 100 ms intervals, triggered by USB start-of-frame tokens. Up to

eight 64-byte frames can be active at any time.

If the host (or the software running on it) fails to receive data fast enough, an overrun will occur. When this happens,

the last-filled buffer frame will be recycled instead of being sent to the USB queue, and a full frame of data will be

lost. To prevent this occurrence, the user must ensure that the CDC data pipe is being read continuously, or the

incoming data rate must be reduced.

3.1.3 Mass Storage Device

The on-board debugger includes a simple Mass Storage Device implementation, which is accessible for read/write

operations via the host operating system to which it is connected.

It provides:

• Read access to basic text and HTML files for detailed kit information and support

• Write access for programming Intel

HEX formatted files into the target device’s memory

• Write access for simple text files for utility purposes

3.1.3.1 Mass Storage Device Implementation

The on-board debugger implements a highly optimized variant of the FAT12 file system that has several limitations,

partly due to the nature of FAT12 itself and optimizations made to fulfill its purpose for its embedded application.

The Curiosity Nano USB Device is USB Chapter 9-compliant as a mass storage device but does not, in any way,

fulfill the expectations of a general purpose mass storage device. This behavior is intentional.

When using the Windows operating system, the on-board debugger enumerates as a Curiosity Nano USB Device

that can be found in the disk drives section of the device manager. The CURIOSITY drive appears in the file manager

and claims the next available drive letter in the system.

The CURIOSITY drive contains approximately one MB of free space. This does not reflect the size of the target

device’s Flash in any way. When programming an Intel

HEX file, the binary data are encoded in ASCII with

metadata providing a large overhead, so one MB is a trivially chosen value for disk size.

It is not possible to format the CURIOSITY drive. When programming a file to the target, the filename may appear in

the disk directory listing. This is merely the operating system’s view of the directory, which, in reality, has not been

updated. It is not possible to read out the file contents. Removing and replugging the board will return the file system

to its original state, but the target will still contain the application that has been previously programmed.

To erase the target device, copy a text file starting with “CMD:ERASE” onto the disk.

By default, the CURIOSITY drive contains several read-only files for generating icons as well as reporting status and

linking to further information:

• AUTORUN.ICO – icon file for the Microchip logo

• AUTORUN.INF – system file required for Windows Explorer to show the icon file

• KIT-INFO.HTM – redirect to the development board website

• KIT-INFO.TXT – a text file containing details about the board’s debugger firmware version, board name, USB

serial number, device, and drag-and-drop support

• STATUS.TXT – a text file containing the programming status of the board

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DS50002971A-page 10

Info: STATUS.TXT is dynamically updated by the on-board debugger. The contents may be cached by

the OS and, therefore, do not reflect the correct status.

3.1.3.2 Fuse Bytes

Fuse Bytes (AVR

MCU Targets)

When doing drag-and-drop programming, the debugger masks out fuse bits that attempt to disable Unified Program

and Debug Interface (UPDI). This means that the UPDI pin cannot be used in its reset or GPIO modes; selecting one

of the alternative functions on the UPDI pin would render the device inaccessible without using an external debugger

capable of high-voltage UPDI activation.

3.1.3.3 Limitations of Drag-and-Drop Programming

Lock Bits

Lock bits included in the hex file will be ignored when using drag-and-drop programming. To program lock bits, use

Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE.

Enabling CRC Check in Fuses

It is not advisable to enable the CRC check in the target device’s fuses when using drag-and-drop programming. This

because a subsequent chip erase (which does not affect fuse bits) will effect a CRC mismatch, and the application

will fail to boot. To recover a target from this state, a chip erase must be done using Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE, which will automatically clear the CRC fuses after erasing.

3.1.3.4 Special Commands

Several utility commands are supported by copying text files to the mass storage disk. The filename or extension is

irrelevant – the command handler reacts to content only.

Table 3-2. Special File Commands

Command Content Description

CMD:ERASE

Executes a chip erase of the target

CMD:SEND_UART=

Sends a string of characters to the CDC UART. See “CDC Override Mode”.

CMD:RESET

Resets the target device by entering Programming mode and then exiting

Programming mode immediately thereafter. Exact timing can vary according to

the programming interface of the target device. (Debugger firmware v1.16 or

newer.)

CMD:POWERTOGGLE

Powers down the target and restores power after a 100 ms delay. If external

power is provided, this has no effect. (Debugger firmware v1.16 or newer.)

CMD:0V

Powers down the target device by disabling the target supply regulator. If

external power is provided, this has no effect. (Debugger firmware v1.16 or

newer.)

CMD:3V3

Sets the target voltage to 3.3V. If external power is provided, this has no effect.

(Debugger firmware v1.16 or newer.)

CMD:5V0

Sets the target voltage to 5.0V. If external power is provided, this has no effect.

(Debugger firmware v1.16 or newer.)

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Info: The commands listed here are triggered by the content being sent to the mass storage emulated

disk, and no feedback is provided in the case of either success or failure.

3.1.4 Data Gateway Interface (DGI)

Data Gateway Interface (DGI) is a USB interface for transporting raw and timestamped data between on-board

debuggers and host computer-based visualization tools. MPLAB Data Visualizer is used on the host computer to

display debug GPIO data. It is available as a plug-in for MPLAB

X IDE or a stand-alone application that can be used

in parallel with Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE.

Although DGI encompasses several physical data interfaces, the AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano implementation

includes logic analyzer channels:

• Two debug GPIO channels (also known as DGI GPIO)

3.1.4.1 Debug GPIO

Debug GPIO channels are timestamped digital signal lines connecting the target application to a host computer

visualization application. They are typically used to plot the occurrence of low-frequency events on a time-axis – for

example, when certain application state transitions occur.

The figure below shows the monitoring of the digital state of a mechanical switch connected to a debug GPIO in

MPLAB Data Visualizer.

Figure 3-2. Monitoring Debug GPIO with MPLAB

Data Visualizer

Debug GPIO channels are timestamped, so the resolution of DGI GPIO events is determined by the resolution of the

DGI timestamp module.

Important: Although bursts of higher-frequency signals can be captured, the useful frequency range of

signals for which debug GPIO can be used is up to about 2 kHz. Attempting to capture signals above this

frequency will result in data saturation and overflow, which may cause the DGI session to be aborted.

3.1.4.2 Timestamping

DGI sources are timestamped as they are captured by the debugger. The timestamp counter implemented in the

Curiosity Nano debugger increments at 2 MHz frequency, providing a timestamp resolution of a half microsecond.

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3.2 Curiosity Nano Standard Pinout

The 12 edge connections closest to the USB connector on Curiosity Nano boards have a standardized pinout. The

program/debug pins have different functions depending on the target programming interface, as shown in the table

and figure below.

Table 3-3. Curiosity Nano Standard Pinout

Debugger Signal Target MCU Description

ID — ID line for extensions

CDC TX UART RX USB CDC TX line

CDC RX UART TX USB CDC RX line

DBG0 UPDI Debug data line

DBG1 GPIO1 debug GPIO1

DBG2 GPIO0 debug GPIO0

DBG3 RESET Reset line

NC — No connect

VBUS — VBUS voltage for external use

VOFF — Voltage Off input. Disables the target regulator and

target voltage when pulled low.

VTG — Target voltage

GND — Common ground

Figure 3-3. Curiosity Nano Standard Pinout

USB

DEBUGGER

PS LED

CDC RX

CDC TX

DBG1

DBG2

VBUS

VOFF

DBG3

DBG0

GND

VTG

CURIOSITY NANO

3.3 Power Supply

The board is powered through the USB port and contains two LDO regulators, one to generate 3.3V for the on-board

debugger, and an adjustable LDO regulator for the target microcontroller AVR128DA48 and its peripherals. The

voltage from the USB connector can vary between 4.4V to 5.25V (according to the USB specification) and will limit

the maximum voltage to the target. The figure below shows the entire power supply system on AVR128DA48

Curiosity Nano.

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DS50002971A-page 13

Figure 3-4. Power Supply Block Diagram

USB

Target

MCU

Power source

Cut strap

Power consumer

P3V3

DEBUGGER

Power converter

DEBUGGER

Regulator

VUSB

Target

Regulator

Power

Supply

strap

Adjust

Level

shifter

VLVL

VREG

I/O

GPIO

straps

I/O

On/Off

Measure

On/Off

ID system

#VOFF

PTC

Fuse

Power protection

VBUS

Target

Power

strap

VTG

3.3.1 Target Regulator

The target voltage regulator is a MIC5353 variable output LDO. The on-board debugger can adjust the voltage output

supplied to the board target section by manipulating the MIC5353’s feedback voltage. The hardware implementation

is limited to an approximate voltage range from 1.7V to 5.1V. Additional output voltage limits are configured in the

debugger firmware to ensure that the output voltage never exceeds the hardware limits of the AVR128DA48

microcontroller. The voltage limits configured in the on-board debugger on AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano are

1.8-5.1V.

Info: The target voltage is set to 3.3V when the board is manufactured. It can be changed through

MPLAB X IDE project properties and in the Atmel Studio device programming dialog. Any change to the

target voltage is persistent, even through a power toggle. The resolution is less than 5 mV but may be

limited to 10 mV by the adjustment program.

Info: Voltage settings that are set up in Atmel Studio/Microchip MPLAB

X IDE are not immediately

applied to the board. The new voltage setting is applied to the board when the debugger is accessed in

any way, like pushing the Refresh Debug Tool Status button in the project dashboard tab, or programming/

reading program memory.

Info: There is a simple option to adjust the target voltage with a drag and drop command text file to the

board. This only supports settings of 0.0V, 3.3V, and 5.0V. See section 3.1.3.4 Special Commands for

further details.

The MIC5353 supports a maximum current load of 500 mA. It is an LDO regulator in a small package, placed on a

small printed circuit board (PCB), and the thermal shutdown condition can be reached at lower loads than 500 mA.

The maximum current load depends on the input voltage, the selected output voltage, and the ambient temperature.

The figure below shows the safe operating area for the regulator, with an input voltage of 5.1V and an ambient

temperature of 23°C.

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Figure 3-5. Target Regulator Safe Operation Area

The voltage output of the target regulator is continuously monitored (measured) by the on-board debugger. If it is

more than 100 mV over/under the voltage setting value, an error condition will be flagged, and the target voltage

regulator will be turned off. This will detect and handle any short-circuit conditions. It will also detect and handle if an

external voltage which causes VCC_TARGET to move outside of the voltage setting monitoring window of ±100 mV

is suddenly applied to the VTG pin, without setting the VOFF pin low.

Info: If the external voltage is lower than the monitoring window lower limit (target voltage setting - 100

mV), the on-board debugger status LED will blink rapidly. If the external voltage is higher than the

monitoring window upper limit (target voltage setting + 100 mV), the on-board debugger status LED will

continue to shine. If the external voltage is removed, the status LED will start to blink rapidly until the on-

board debugger detects the new situation and turns the target voltage regulator back on.

3.3.2 External Supply

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano can be powered by an external voltage instead of the on-board target regulator. When

the Voltage Off (VOFF) pin is shorted to ground (GND), the on-board debugger firmware disables the target regulator,

and it is safe to apply an external voltage to the VTG pin.

It is also safe to apply an external voltage to the VTG pin when no USB cable is plugged into the DEBUG connector

on the board.

The VOFF pin can be tied low/let go at any time. This will be detected by a pin-change interrupt to the on-board

debugger, which controls the target voltage regulator accordingly.

WARNING

Applying an external voltage to the VTG pin without shorting VOFF to GND may cause permanent damage

to the board.

WARNING

Do not apply any voltage to the VOFF pin. Let the pin float to enable the power supply.

WARNING

Absolute maximum external voltage is 5.5V for the on-board level shifters, and the standard operating

condition of the AVR128DA48 is 1.8-5.5V. Applying a higher voltage may cause permanent damage to the

board.

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Info: If an external voltage is applied without pulling the VOFF pin low and an external supply pulls the

voltage lower than the monitoring window lower limit (target voltage setting - 100 mV), the on-board

debugger status LED will blink rapidly and shut the on-board regulator off. If an external voltage is

suddenly removed when the VOFF pin is not pulled low, the status LED will start to blink rapidly, until the

on-board debugger detects the new situation and switches the target voltage regulator back on.

Programming, debugging, and data streaming is still possible with an external power supply – the debugger and

signal level shifters will be powered from the USB cable. Both regulators, the debugger and the level shifters, are

powered down when the USB cable is removed.

Info: In addition to the power consumed by the AVR128DA48 and its peripherals, approximately 100 µA

will be drawn from any external power source to power the on-board level shifters and voltage monitor

circuitry when a USB cable is plugged in the DEBUG connector on the board. When a USB cable is not

plugged in, some current is used to supply the level shifters voltage pins, which have a worst-case current

consumption of approximately 5 µA. Typical values may be as low as 100 nA.

3.3.3 VBUS Output Pin

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano has a VBUS output pin that can be used to power external components that need a 5V

supply. The VBUS output pin has a PTC fuse to protect the USB against short circuits. A side effect of the PTC fuse

is a voltage drop on the VBUS output with higher current loads. The chart below shows the voltage versus the current

load of the VBUS output.

Figure 3-6. VBUS Output Voltage vs. Current

3.3.4 Power Supply Exceptions

This is a summary of most exceptions that can occur with the power supply.

Target Voltage Shuts Down

This can happen if the target section draws too much current at a given voltage. This will cause the thermal shutdown

safety feature of the MIC5353 regulator to kick in. To avoid this, reduce the current load of the target section.

Target Voltage Setting is Not Reached

The maximum output voltage is limited by the USB input voltage (specified to be between 4.4V to 5.25V), and the

voltage drop over the MIC5353 regulator at a given voltage setting and current consumption. If a higher output

voltage is needed, use a USB power source that can provide a higher input voltage or use an external voltage supply

on the VTG pin.

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Target Voltage is Different From Setting

This can be caused by an externally applied voltage to the VTG pin, without setting the VOFF pin low. If the target

voltage differ more than 100 mV over/under the voltage setting, it will be detected by the on-board debugger, and the

internal voltage regulator will be shut down. To fix this issue, remove the applied voltage from the VTG pin, and the

on-board debugger will enable the on-board voltage regulator when the new condition is detected. Note that the PS

LED will be blinking rapidly if the target voltage is below 100 mV of the setting, but will be lit normally when it is higher

than 100 mV above the setting.

No, Or Very Low Target Voltage, and PS LED is Blinking Rapidly

This can be caused by a full or partial short-circuit and is really a special case of the issue mentioned above. Remove

the short-circuit, and the on-board debugger will re-enable the on-board target voltage regulator.

No Target Voltage and PS LED is Lit 1

This occurs if the target voltage is set to 0.0V. To fix this, set the target voltage to a value within the specified voltage

range for the target device.

No Target Voltage and PS LED is Lit 2

This can be the issue if power jumper J100 and/or J101 is cut, and the target voltage regulator is set to a value within

the specified voltage range for the target device. To fix this, solder a wire/bridge between the pads for J100/J101, or

add a jumper on J101 if a pin header is mounted.

VBUS Output Voltage is Low or Not Present

This is most lightly caused by a high-current drain on VBUS, and the protection fuse (PTC) will reduce the current or

cut off completely. Reduce the current consumption on the VBUS pin to fix this issue.

3.4 Low Power Measurement

Power to the AVR128DA48 is connected from the on-board power supply and VTG pin through a 100 mil pin header

marked with “POWER” in silkscreen (J101). To measure the power consumption of the AVR128DA48 and other

peripherals connected to the board, cut the Target Power strap and connect an ammeter over the strap.

To measure the lowest possible power consumption follow these steps:

1. Cut the POWER strap with a sharp tool.

2. Solder a 1x2 100 mil pin header in the footprint.

3. Connect an ammeter to the pin header.

4. Write firmware that.

4.1. Tri-states any I/O connected to the on-board debugger.

4.2. Sets the microcontroller in its lowest power Sleep state.

5. Program the firmware into the AVR128DA48.

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Figure 3-7. Target Power Strap

Target Power strap (top side)

Tip: A 100-mil pin header can be soldered into the Target Power strap (J101) footprint for easy

connection of an ammeter. Once the ammeter is no longer needed, place a jumper cap on the pin header.

Info: The on-board level shifters will draw a small amount of current even when they are not in use. A

maximum of 2 µA can be drawn from each I/O pin connected to a level shifter for a total of 10 µA. Keep

any I/O pin connected to a level shifter are tri-state to prevent leakage. All I/Os connected to the on-board

debugger are listed in 4.2.4.1 On-Board Debugger Connections. To prevent any leakage to the on-board

level shifters, they can be disconnected completely, as described in 7.4 Disconnecting the On-board

Debugger.

3.5 Programming External Microcontrollers

The on-board debugger on AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano can be used to program and debug microcontrollers on

external hardware.

3.5.1 Supported Devices

All external AVR microcontrollers with the UPDI interface can be programmed and debugged with the on-board

debugger with Atmel Studio.

External SAM microcontrollers that have a Curiosity Nano Board can be programmed and debugged with the on-

board debugger with Atmel Studio.

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano can program and debug external AVR128DA48 microcontrollers with MPLAB X IDE.

3.5.2 Software Configuration

No software configuration is required to program and debug the same device that is mounted on the board.

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To program and debug a different microcontroller than what is mounted on the board, Atmel Studio must be

configured to allow free selection of devices and programming interfaces.

1. Navigate to Tools > Options through the menu system at the top of the application.

2. Select the Tools > Tool settings category in the options window.

3. Set the Hide unsupported devices option to False .

Figure 3-8. Hide Unsupported Devices

Info: Atmel Studio allows any microcontroller and interface to be selected when Hide unsupported

devices is set to False, also microcontrollers and interfaces which are not supported by the on-board

debugger.

3.5.3 Hardware Modifications

The on-board debugger is connected to the AVR128DA48 by default. These connections must be removed before

any external microcontroller can be programmed or debugged. Cut the GPIO straps shown in the figure below with a

sharp tool to disconnect the AVR128DA48 from the on-board debugger.

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Figure 3-9. Programming and Debugging Connections to Debugger

GPIO straps (bottom side)

Info: Cutting the connections to the debugger will disable programming, debugging, and data streaming

from the AVR128DA48 mounted on the board.

Tip: Solder in 0Ω resistors across the footprints or short-circuit them with solder to reconnect the signals

between the on-board debugger and the AVR128DA48.

3.5.4 Connecting to External Microcontrollers

The figure and table below show where the programming and debugging signals must be connected to program and

debug external microcontrollers. The on-board debugger can supply power to the external hardware, or use an

external voltage as a reference for its level shifters. Read more about the power supply in 3.3 Power Supply.

The on-board debugger and level shifters actively drive data and clock signals (DBG0, DBG1, and DBG2) used for

programming and debugging, and in most cases, the external resistor on these signals can be ignored. Pull-down

resistors are required on the ICSP

™

data and clock signals to debug PIC

microcontrollers.

DBG3 is an open-drain connection and requires a pull-up resistor to function.

AVR128DA48 Curiosity Nano has a pull-up resistor R200 connected to its #RESET signal (DBG3). The location of

the pull-up resistor is shown in the 7.2 Assembly Drawing in the appendix.

Remember:

• Connect GND and VTG to the external microcontroller

• Tie the VOFF pin to GND if the external hardware has its own power supply

• Make sure there are pull-down resistors on the ICSP data and clock signals (DBG0 and DBG1) to

support the debugging of PIC microcontrollers

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