PHOTOGATE'ML54F!
USER’S!GUIDE!
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CENTRE FOR MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS
http://www.cma-science.nl
2!|!"#$%&!'()*)+,*-!./-01/!2345-!
Short!description!
6(-! '()*)+,*-! "#$%&! 4/! ,! *0,54*4)7,8! 9()*)+,*-:! ;(4<(! <)7/4/*/! )&! ,! 84+(*! +,*-! ,88);47+!
5-*-<*47+!)=>-<*/!9,//47+!=-*;--7!*(-!9()*)+,*-!,0?/@!!!
A7! *(4/! 84+(*! +,*-:! ,! 7,00);! 47&0,0-5! =-,?! 4/! 540-<*-5! *)! ,! &,/*! 47&0,0-5! 5 -*-<*)0:! ;(4<(!
90)53<-/!B-0C!,<<30,*-!/4+7,8/!&)0!*4?47+@!D(-7!*(-!47&0,0-5!=-,?!=-*;--7!*(-!/)30<-!,75!
5-*-<*)0! 4/! =8)<E-5:! *(-! )3*93*! )&! *(-! 9()*)+,*-! 4/! 8);! FGH:! ,75 ! *(-! +0--7! 84+(*I-?4**47+!
54)5-!F#JKH!)7!*(-!9()*)+,*-!+)-/!)7@!D(-7!*(-!=-,?!4/!7)*!=8)<E-5:!*(-!)3*93*!4/!(4+(!FLH!
,75!*(-!#JK!4/!)&&@!6(-!3/-!)&!47&0,0-5!84+(*!?,E-/!*(-!/-7/)0!0-8,*4B-8C!47 /-7 /4 *4 B-!*)!0))? !
84+(*47+@!
6(-!'()*)+,*-!47<835-/!,!9388-C!,**,<(?-7*!,75!,!/*--8!/399)0*!0)5!&)0!?)37*47+!4*!*)!,!
/*,75@!6(-!'()*)+,*-!<,7!=-!<)77-<*-5!540-<*8C!*)!,7!47*-0&,<-!4793*:!)0:!47!,!5,4/C I<( ,47!
<)7&4+30,*4)7:!39!*)!&4B-!9()*)+,*-/!<,7 !=-!<(,47-5!*)!,!/47+8-!47*-0&,<-!4793*@!6(-!/-7/)0!
<,=8-!7--5-5!*)!<)77-<*!*(-!/-7/)0!*)!,7!47*-0&,<-!,7 5!7--5 -5!&) 0!5,4/CI<(,47!<)77 -<*4)7!
4/! 7)*! /39984-5! ;4*(! *(-! 9()*)+,*-! F/-7/)0! <,=8-/! ,0-! /39984-5! ;4*(! 47*-0&,<-/! )0! <,7! =-!
930<(,/-5!/-9,0,*-8CH@!
6(-!M"N!K0)9!<)37*-0!,<<-//)0C!GOOP50)9!<,7!=-!,**,<(-5!*)!*(-!9()*)+,*-!&)0!*4*0,*4)7!
-Q9-04?-7*/@! 6( 4/! ,<<-//)0C! 4/! 7)*! /39984-5! ;4*(! *(-! 9()*)+,*-! ,75! (,/! *)! =-! 930<( ,/-5!
/-9,0,*-8C!FM"N!,0*@!70@!GOOP50)9H@!!
Sensor!specifications!
6(-!'()*)+,*-!+-7-0,*-/!*;)!B, 83-/!(4+(!FLH!,75!8);!FGH@!6(-!?,Q4?3?!/,?9847+!0,*-!)&!
*(-!9()*)+,*-!4/!LGG!ERS!F/,?9 8-/!9-0!/-<)75 H@ !A7!*(-!*4? 4 7+ !? )5 -!*(-!/,? 9 8 47 +!&0-T3 -7< C!
4/!&4Q-5!*)!LG!ERS@!6(-!'()*)+,*-!<,7!)78C!=-!<)77-<*-5!*)!/9-<4,8!47*-0&,<-/!*(,*!/399)0*!
APM!54+4*,8!/-7/)0/!84E-!*(-!M"N !" )# , =!4 7*-0&, <-@ !!
Collecting!data!!
6(-! '()*)+,*-! ;)0E/! )78C! ;4*(! /9-<4&4<! 47*-0&,<-/@! 6(-! /-7/)0! ;488! =-! ,3*)?,*4<,88C!
5-*-<*-5!;(-7!<)77-<*-5!*)!/3<(!,7!47*-0&,<-@!6(-!5-&,38*!/-7/)0!0,7+-!4/!G!U!LGGG@!V)0!
5-*,48-5! 47&)0?,*4)7! ,=)3*! ?-,/30-?-7*/! ;4*(! /-7/)0/! <)7/38*! *(-! ./-0! ",73,8/! )&! *(-!
47*-0&,<-!,75!*(-!M),<(!O!/)&*;,0-@!!
Calibration!! !
6(-! '()*)+,*-! "#$%&! +-7-0,*-/! B,83-! L! ;(-7! *(-! 84+(*! 5-*-<*)0! 5-*-<*/! ,! 84+(*! = -,?!
F37=8)<E-5!+,*-H! ,7 5!B,83-!G!;(-7!*(-!84+(*!5-*-<*)0! 5) -/!7)*!5-*-<*!,!84+(*!=-,?!F=8)<E-5!
+,*-H@!6(-!9()*)+,*-!<,7!=-!3/-5!&)0!<)37*47+!,75!*4?47+!?-,/30-?-7*/@!!
V)0! <)37*47+! ?-,/30-?-7*/! *(-! &)88);47+! 9()*)+,*-! 0,7+-/! ,0-! 90)B45-5! 47! *(-! M),<(!
/)&*;,0-W!
• G!@@!LGGG!I!*)!<)37*!-B-7*/!F-B-7*/!?-,7/!<(,7+-!&0)?!(4+(!FLH!*)!8);!FGHH:!
• G!@@! P?! I! *)! ?-,/30-! ,!54/*,7<-!;(-7! ,! 9388-C! 4/! ,**,<(-5! F4*!4/! ,//3?-5! *(-! 54/*,7<-!
<)B-0-5!=C!)7-!/9)E-!4/!G@GPG$!?H:!!
• G!@@!P$!?#!I!*)!?-,/30-!,!B) 83? -!;(-7!,!50)9!<)37*-0!4/!,**,<(-5!F4*!4/!,//3?-5!*(,*!
*(-!50)9!B,83-!4/!G@G%!?#H@!!
• G!@@L!I!*)!/();!*(-!/*,*-!)&!*(-!9()*)+,*-:!84+(*!=-,?!=8)<E-5!) 0!37 =8) <E-5@!!
"#$%&!'()*)+,*-!./-01/!2345-!|!3!
!
V)0!*4?47+!?-,/30-?-7*/!*(-!M),<(!,<*4B4*C!X'()*)+,*-!*4?47+1!F47!M),<(!MJH!)0!*(-!9,7-8!
XM"N!") #, =!'()*)+, * -!*4?47+1!F47!M),<(!)7!'MH!(,/!*)!=-!3/-5@!V4B-!*C9-/!)&!*4?-!47*-0B,8!
?-,/30-?-7*/!,0-!,B,48,=8-!47!M),<(W!!
!
L@ 64?-!A7*-0B,8!.9I.9!!F5-&,38*H!
!
P@ 64?-!47*-0B,8!K);7I!K);7!
!
Y@ 64?-!47*-0B,8!.9!Z!K);7!FR4+(H!!
!
%@ 64?-!47*-0B,8!K);7!Z!.9!F#);H!
!
$@ 64?-!47*-0B,8!.9!Z!K);7![!K);7I!.9:!FR4+(![!#);H!!
!
6(-!*4?-!47*-0B,8!<,7!=-!/-8-<*-5!B4,!*(-!)9*4)7! \-7/)0! /-**47+/!,B,48,=8-!47! *(-! ?-73! )&!
*(-!\-7/)0/!/<0--7@!V)0!5-*,48-5!47&)0?,*4)7!<)7/38*!*(-!./-0!",73,8/!)&!*(-!47*-0&,<-!,75!
*(-!M),<(!O!/)&*;,0-@!!
!
Daisy9Chain!Mode!
.9!*)! &4B-!9()*)+,*-/!<,7! =-!<)77-<*-5!47! ,!5,4/CI<(,47! ?)5-! *)!,!/47+8-!<(,77-8!)&!*(-!
47*-0&,<-@!M)77-<*!9)0*!]!*)!*(-!47*-0&,<-!,75!9)0*!N!) &!*(-!&40/*!9()*)+,*-!*)!9) 0*!]!) &!*(-!
7-Q*! '()*)+,*-:! -*<@! V)0! <)77-<*4)7! =-*;--7! 9()*)+,*-/! *(-! "#! /-7/)0! <,=8-! /()385! =-!
3/-5@!A7!*(-!5,4/CI<(,47!?)5-!*(-!/)&*;,0-!4/!7)*!,=8-!*)!5-*-0?47-!;(4<(!+,*-!(,/!=--7!
=8)<E-5@!6(-!=-/*!/-*39!&)0!*(4/!<)7&4+30,*4)7!4/!*)!3/-!9()*)+,*-!*4? 47+!,75!*)!E7);!*(-!
)05-0!47!;(4<(!+,*-/!,0-!=8)<E-5!&0)?!*(-!+-)?-*0C!)&!*(-!-Q9-04?-7*@!
!
The!Pulley!attachment!!
6(-!9388-C!4/!,!8);I&04<*4)7!9388-C!;4*(!LG!/9)E-/:!;(4 < (!<)77-<*/ !*)!*(-!9 ()*)+,*-!B4 ,!*(-!
/845-0@!D(-7!90)9-08C!9)/4*4)7-5:!*(-!/9)E-/!)&!*(-!9388-C!;488!=8)<E!*( -!47&0,0-5!=-,?!)&!
*(-!9()*)+,*-!-,<(!*4?-!*(-!/9) E-/!9,//!=C@!A*!<,77)*!5-*-0?47-!*(-!540-<*4)7!)0!,!<(,7 +-!
47!540-<*4)7!,75!*(-0-&)0-!4/!)78C!3/-&38!&)0!?)B-?-7*/!47!)7-!540-<*4)7@!!
6(-!9388-C!(,/!,!^I/(,9-5!+0))B-@!6( -!<40<3?&-0-7<-!)&!*(-!;(--8!?-,/30-5!47!*(-!+0))B-!
4/!G@PG!?@!_7!*(-!-5+-!)&!*(-!+0))B-!*(-!<40<3?&-0-7<-!4/!G@PL!?@!6(3/:!*( -!?)B-?-7*!)&!,!
<)05!&0)?!*(-!0-B)8B47+!93 88-C!5-9-75/!*)!/)?-!-Q*-7*!)7!*(-!<)05!*(4<E7-//@!M,84= 0,*4)7!
<,7!=-!5)7-!=C!?-,/3047+!*(-!<40<3?&-0-7<-!;4*(!*( -!3 /-5!<)05!,75!54B4547 +!*(-!8-7+*(!=C!
LG:!*(-! 73?=-0!)&!/9)E-/!F*(-!/*-9! /4S-H@!J,<(!*4?-!,!7-;!+,9!47!*(-!9388-C!4/! 0-,<(-5!4*!
<)00-/9)75/!*)!,!54/98,<-?-7*!)&!*(4/!54/*,7<-!/47<-!*(-!/*,0*!)&!*(-!8,/*!+,9@!
A7! *(-! /,?-! ;,C:! ,7! -B-7* I=,/-5! ?-,/30-?-7*! <,7! =-! 3/-5! *)!
?-,/30-!-@+@!0)*,*4)7@!A7!*(4/!<,/-:!,!/34*,=8-!/*-9!/4S-!4/!P`aLG!0,54,7/!
FG@OPb!0,5H@!D(-7!*(-!9388-C!4/!3/-5!&)0!*(-!? -,/30-?-7 *!)&!0)*,*47+!
)=>-<*/:! *(-! /*-9! /4S-! )&! *(-! )04+47,8! ,7+8-! <,7! =-! 5-*-0?47-5!
,<<)0547+!*)!*(-!&)0?38,!)7!*(-!04+(*@!
!
4!|!"#$%&!'()*)+,*-!./-01/!2345-!
Suggested!experiments!!
6(-!'()*)+,*-!<,7!=-!3/-5!&)0!,!;45-!B,04-*C!)&!-Q9-04?-7*/W!!
• M)37*47+!-B-7*/!!
• "-,/3047+!*(-!/9--5!)&!,!?)B47+!F0)8847+H!)=>-<*!F;4*(!*(-!9388-C!,**,<(?-7*H!!
• "-,/3047+!B)83?-!47!*4*0,*4)7!-Q9-04?-7*/!F;4*(!*(-!50)9!<)37*-0!,**,<(?-7*H!!
• V)0!*4?47+!-Q9-04?-7*/!84E-W!!
o \*35C47+!*(-!*4?-!9-04)5!)&!,!9-75383?!
o "-,/3047+!*(-!/9--5!)&!,!?)B47+!<,05!)=>-<*!
o "-,/3047+!*(-!,<<-8-0,*4)7!53-!*)!+0,B4*C!F-@+@!=C!3/47+!,!94<E-*!&-7<-H:!
Technical!Specifications!
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Sensor!kind!
N7,8)+!!FLPI=4*!,7,8)+!*)!54+4*,8!<)7B-0/4)7!)7!47*-0&,<-H!!
Output!!
^,83-!L!F#JK!)&&H!I!37=8)<E-5!+,*-!
^,83-!G!F#JK!)7H!I!=8)<E-5!+,*-!!
Infrared!source!
'-,E!,*!bbG!7?!
Detector!rise!time!
P@$!µ/!!
Detector!fall!time!
Y@b!µ/!
Maximal!sampling!rate!
LGG!ERS!
Power!requirements!
$!^!KM!Fc!$dH!,*!PO?N!
Pulley!!
Diameter!!
Circumference!of!pulley!
Spoke!number!
Step!size!
!
A7!+0))B-!e!G@GO%?!!!!!_7!-5+-!e!G@GOf?!
A7!+0))B-!e!G@PG?!!!!!!!_7!-5+-!e!G@PL?!
LG!
N7+8-!e!G@OPbY!0,5!e!YO°!
K4/*,7<-!e!G@GPG?!*)!G@GPL?!F5-9-7547+!)7!*(-!*(0-,5H!
LG!938/-/!F/*-9/H!9-0!0-B)83*4)7!
Steel!rod!
#-7+*(!e!G@LY!?!!
Connection!
$I947/!?474!>,<E!983+!
Warranty:!!
6(-!'()*)+,*-!"#$%&!4/!;,00,7*-5!*)!=-!&0--!&0)?!5-&-<*/!47!?,*-04,8/!,75!;)0E?,7/(49!
&)0!,!9-04)5!)&!LP!?)7*(/!&0)?!*(-!5,*-!)&!930<(,/-!90)B45-5!*(,*!4*!(,/!=--7!3/-5!375-0!
7)0?,8!8,=)0,*)0C!<)754*4)7/@!6(4/!;,00,7*C!5)-/!7)*!,998C!4&!*(-!/-7/)0!(,/!=--7!5,?,+-5!
=C!,<<45-7*!)0!?4/3/-@!!
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Note:! This! product! is! to! be! used! for! educational! purposes! only.! It! is! not! appropriate! for!
industrial,!medical,!research,!or!commercial!applications.!! ! ! ! !
g-B@!GYaGPaPGL%!
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