Haima M3 User manual

Clutch System 2A-1

Volume II Chassis System

Chapter 10 Clutch System........................................................................................................................2A-1

Chapter 11 List of tires and drive shafts................................................................................................... 2B-1

Chapter 12 Wheels and tires..................................................................................................................... 2C-1

Chapter 13 Suspension system.................................................................................................................2D-1

Chapter 14 Steering system...................................................................................................................... 2E-1

Chapter 15 Brake system.......................................................................................................................... 2F-1

Clutch System 2A-1

Chapter 10 Clutch System

Basic steps.................................................................................................................................................2A-2

Removal/installation of clutch oil pipe .............................................................................................2A-2

Cluch pedal................................................................................................................................................2A-2

Check of clutch pedal........................................................................................................................2A-2

Free stroke of clutch pedal ................................................................................................................2A-2

Decoupling point of clutch pedal ......................................................................................................2A-2

Release stroke of clutch pedal...........................................................................................................2A-2

Removal/installation of clutch pedal.................................................................................................2A-2

Mounting instructions for clutch pedal .............................................................................................2A-4

Clutch master cylinder ..............................................................................................................................2A-4

Removal/installation of clutch master cylinder.................................................................................2A-4

Disassembly/assembly of clutch master cylinder..............................................................................2A-5

Instructions for disassembly/assembly of position-limiting seat.......................................................2A-6

Clutch slave cylinder.................................................................................................................................2A-6

Removal/installation of clutch slave cylinder ...................................................................................2A-6

Disassembly/assembly of clutch slave cylinder ................................................................................2A-6

Clutch device.............................................................................................................................................2A-7

Check of clutch release bearing ........................................................................................................2A-7

Instructions for removal of clutch pressure plate and friction plate..................................................2A-7

Instructions for removal of guide bearing .........................................................................................2A-7

Instructions for flywheel removal .....................................................................................................2A-7

Mounting instructions of flywheel ....................................................................................................2A-7

Mounting instructions for guide bearing...........................................................................................2A-7

Mounting instructions for clutch friction plate..................................................................................2A-8

Mounting instructions for clutch pressure plate ................................................................................2A-8

Check of clutch pressure plate ..........................................................................................................2A-8

Check of clutch friction plate ............................................................................................................2A-8

Check of clutch release bearing ........................................................................................................2A-9

Check of guide bearing .....................................................................................................................2A-9

Mounting instructions for clutch pressure plate ................................................................................2A-9

Flywheel....................................................................................................................................................2A-9

Check of flywheel .............................................................................................................................2A-9

Clutch System 2A-2

Basic steps

Removal/installation of clutch oil pipe

Note

● The oil reservoir is shared by the clutch and

brake system.

1. Provided the clutch is disassembled in any

case, add in the clutch oil (brake oil) and

drain the air, check the oil for leakage after

installing the clutch.

2. Disassemble the clutch oil pipe with a special

tool, i.e. double open end wrench, and

assemble it together with a torque connecting

rod and above tool.

3. Ensure that the clutch flange nut shall be

tightened up to the specified torque.(refer to

the basic steps, torque and specifications)

Cluch pedal

Check of clutch pedal

Measure the distance from upper surface of clutch

pedal rubber to the carpet.

● If incorrect, check whether the clutch pedal is

wrongly assembled.

206- 212mm (8. 11- 8. 35in) (for reference)

Height of pedal

Free stroke of clutch pedal

Measure the free stroke of clutch. The free stroke

of clutch pedal is the distance required until a

resisting force is felt by pressing down the clutch

pedal by hands.

● If incorrect, check whether the clutch pedal is

wrongly assembled.

Free stroke of pedal: 5 to 14mm (0. 2 to 0. 55in)

Decoupling point of clutch pedal

1. Apply the parking brake, and pack the mat

wood under front and rear wheels.

2. Start the engine, and make it idling.

3. Don’t step the clutch pedal, and put the gear

lever slowly in reverse gear.

4. In case of hearing the gear noises, keep the

gear lever in position.

5. Step down the clutch pedal slowly.

6. When the noises of gear disappears, keep the

clutch pedal unchanged (decoupling point of

clutch pedal).

7. Measure the distance a (pedal stroke until the

clutch pedal decoupling point is fully stepped

down) and pedal stroke.

8. Confirm the release stroke is within the

specified value.

If it’s outside the specified value, check whether

the clutch pedal and clutch master cylinder are

correctly assembled, and drain the air out of

clutch pipe.

Release stroke of clutch pedal

102.5 to 110.5(4.04 to 4.35in) (for reference)

Pedal stroke: 116mm (4.57in) (for reference)

Removal/installation of clutch pedal

1. Remove the air filter (refer to its external

Free stroke of pedal

Release point

of clutch pedal

Pedal stroke

Clutch System 2A-3

accessories, removal/installation of air filter).

2. Remove the battery and its cover.

3. Disassemble as per the shown sequence.

4. Assemble it in the reverse sequence of

removal.

5. After installing it, check the clutch pedal

again (refer to the check of clutch pedal).

1 Lock nut

2 Split pin

3 Pin shaft

4 Clutch master cylinder

5 Clutch pedal assembly(refer to its mounting instructions)

6 Clutch hose

7 Pedal rubber mat

Clutch System 2A-4

Mounting instructions for clutch pedal

After installing it, adjust the height and free stroke

of pedal (refer to the check of clutch pedal).

Clutch master cylinder

Removal/installation of clutch master

cylinder

1. Disassemble the air filter (refer to its external

accessories, removal/installation of air filter).

2. Disassemble the battery and its cover.

3. Disassemble them in the shown sequence.

4. When removing the oil pipe, immediately

choke it up with a plug to avoid the oil

leakage.

5. Install it in the reverse sequence of removal.

1 Lock nut

2 Split pin

3 Mineshaft

4 Clutch oil pipe

5 Elastic clamp

6 Clutch master cylinder

7 Clutch pedal assembly

8 Clutch hose

Clutch System 2A-5

Disassembly/assembly of clutch master cylinder

1. Disassemble it in the shown sequence.

2. Assemble it in the reverse sequence of disassembly.

1 Snap ring

2 Clamp

3 Clutch oil inlet hose

4 Position-limiting seat

5 O ring

6 Pushrod assembly

7 Piston seat

8 Secondary cup

9 Limit mat

10 Primary cup

11 Piston

12 Compensation pad

13 Bush

14 Washer

15 Cylinder body

Clutch System 2A-6

Instructions for disassembly/assembly of

position-limiting seat

Draw back the pour card of position-limiting seat

inside with a special tool to remove the position-

limiting seat and piston.

● During the disassembly, remove the position-

limiting seat; during the assembly, install the

position-limiting seat.

Clutch slave cylinder

Removal/installation of clutch slave

cylinder

1. Remove the mudguard.

2. Remove it in the shown sequence.

3. Install it in the reverse sequence of removal.

1 Snap spring

2 Clutch pipe

3 Bolt

4 Clutch slave cylinder

Disassembly/assembly of clutch slave

cylinder

1. Disassemble it in the shown sequence.

2. Assemble it in the reverse sequence of

disassembly.

1 Piston stopper

2 Shield

3 Piston assembly

4 Leather cup

5 Spring seat

6 Spring

7 Dust cap

8 Bleed screw

9 O ring

10 Bleed screw gasket

11 Bush

12 Snap ring

13 Cylinder body

Clutch System 2A-7

Clutch device

Check of clutch release bearing

Note

● While cleaning the release bearing with

cleaning oil or vapor detergent, remove the

grease sealed in the bearing.

1. Turn the release bearing hardly in axial

direction.

● If the bearing can’t be turned or meets its high

resisting force, replace the clutch release

bearing in case of abnormal noises.

2. Install it in the reverse sequence of removal.

1 Clutch slave cylinder

2 Manual transmission

3 Protection cover

4 Clutch release bearing

5 Clutch release fork

6 Clutch assembly

7 Clutch friction plate

8 Guide bearing

9 Flywheel

Instructions for removal of clutch

pressure plate and friction plate (see the

details of HM483Q engine repair manual)

1. Attach the special tool SST(as shown in the

figure).

2. Loosen the bolt at a time in cross mode, until

its spring pressure is released.

3. Disassemble the clutch pressure plate and

friction plate.

Instructions for removal of guide bearing

Note

● The guide bearing shall not be commonly

removed, unless it needs to be replaced.

Remove the guide shaft with a special tool

SST (as shown in the figure).

Instructions for flywheel removal

1. Lock the flywheel with a special tool SST(as

shown in the figure).

2. Disassemble the mounting bolt evenly in the

cross sequence.

3. Disassemble the flywheel.

Mounting instructions of flywheel

1. Install the flywheel on the crankshaft.

2. Before installing the bolt, clean its threads

and apply the sealant to its threads.

Note

● In case of applying the new bolt, don’t apply

the sealant to it.

3. Pre-tighten the lock bolt of flywheel by hands.

4. Install the special tool SST on the flywheel

(as shown in Figure).

5. Tighten the lock bolt gradually in the cross

sequence.

Mounting instructions for guide bearing

Note

● Install the guide bearing as per the

instructions below. Installed depth of guide

bearing

0 - 0.4mm (0-0.115in)

Clutch System 2A-8

1. Install the new guide bearing with a special

tool SST (as shown in Fig.).

Mounting instructions for clutch friction

plate

1. Keep the position of clutch friction plate with

a special tool SST (as shown in Fig.).

Mounting instructions for clutch pressure

plate

1. Install the special tool SST(as shown in Fig.).

2. Tighten the bolt evenly in the cross sequence.

Check of clutch pressure plate

1. Measure the wears of diaphragm spring.

 If above-normed, replace the clutch pressure

plate.

Depth<0.6mm (0.024in )

2. Measure the flatness of pressure plate with a

ruler and thickness gauge.

 If above-normed, replace the clutch assembly.

Max. clearance 5mm(0. 02in)

3. Apply the dial indicator when checking the

diaphragm spring.

4. Turn the flywheel to check the axial runout of

diaphragm.

 If above-normed, replace the clutch pressure

plate.

Axial runout≤0.6mm(0. 024in)

Check of clutch friction plate

1. Measure the depth of rivets to friction plate

surface with a vernier gauge.

 If above-normed, replace the clutch friction

plate with depth≤0.3mm(0.01in).

2. Measure the axial runout of clutch friction

plate with a dial indicator.

 If above-normed, replace the clutch friction

plate.

Axial runout ≤ 0.7mm (0.028in)

Flywheel

Guide bearing

Clutch System 2A-9

Check of clutch release bearing

Note

● While cleaning the release bearing with

cleaning oil or vapor detergent, remove the

grease sealed in the bearing.

Turn the release bearing hardly in axial direction.

● If the bearing can’t be turned or meets its high

resisting force, replace the clutch release

bearing in case of abnormal noises.

Check of guide bearing

Don’t disassemble the guide bearing, and turn the

bearing hardly in axial direction.

 If the bearing can’t be turned or meets its high

resisting force, replace the clutch release

bearing in case of abnormal noises.

Mounting instructions for clutch pressure

plate

1. Install the special tool SST (as shown in Fig.).

2. Tighten the bolt evenly in the cross sequence.

Flywheel

Check of flywheel

1. Install the dial indicator on the cylinder body.

2. Measure the axial runout of flywheel.

 If above-normed, replace the flywheel.

Axial runout≤0.2mm (0. 0084in)

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-1

Chapter 11 List of tires and drive shafts

Common procedures...............................................................................................................................2B-2

Description and operation......................................................................................................................2B-2

Diagnostic data and procedures.............................................................................................................2B-4

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-2

Common procedures

Attentions for wheels and tires

Removal and installation of wheels and tires

The removal and installation steps of wheels and

tires are not mentioned in this section. In case of

removing the wheels, their tightening torque is

100-120N.m {10-12.0kgf.m, 73.5-88ft.lbf} during

the installation.

Keypoints for removal of lock nut

1. Hit the flattening of lock nut out with a small

chisel and hammer.

2. Apply a braking force to lock the hub.

3. Remove the lock nut.

Keypoints for mounting the lock nut

1. Apply a braking force to lock the nut.

2. Install the new lock nut up to fixed torque of

300-350N.m {30-35.0kgf.m, 219-255.5ft.lbf}.

At the fixed torque, first hit it up to the

specified torque before loosening it, and hit it

up to the specified torque again.

3. Flatten the lock nut as per the shown

requirements.

Drive shaft

Keypoints for removal of right drive shaft and

drive axle

1. Remove the riveting bolt and nut.

2. Wrap the cloth on the ball joint dust cover.

3. Pry down the lower swing arm from steering

knuckle.

4. As shown in figure, insert a crowbar between

right drive shaft and transmission drive axle,

and disengage the drive shaft from the

transmission drive axle.

Keypoints for installation of snap ring

1. Attach a new snap ring to the connecting shaft,

make its opening up, and ensure that the

diameter of snap ring shall not exceed the

value specified in technical requirements for

installation.

2. After installing the snap ring, measure its

outer diameter. In case of exceeding the value

specified in technical requirements,

additionally renew the snap ring and repeat

Steps 1& 2.

Check of drive shaft

1. Check the dustproof rubber sleeve of drive

shaft for cracks or damages, grease for

leakage or hoop for loosening.

2. Check the drive shaft for bends or cracks,

universal joint or spline for wears. If

necessary, repair or replace the drive shaft

Technical requirements for snap

rin

g

outer diameter sna

p

rin

g

Snap ring

Outer diameter

Opening

0.5mm(0.2in)

or above

Fabric

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-3

and dustproof rubber sleeve or hoop.

Removal and installation of drive shaft

Attentions

1. Before performing the following procedures,

be sure to first remove ABS wheel speed

sensor, otherwise it may the open circuit of

wires due to wrong pull or operation.

Therefore, first remove the axle end of ABS

wheel speed sensor, place it in appropriate

position, and ensure it can’t be wrongly

pulled during the repair of car.

2. In case of removing the drive shaft with a

shaft bracket, it may cause the deformation of

connecting shaft bracket, so the drive shaft

and connecting shaft shall be removed and

installed as a whole.

.① Drain all the oil out of transmission drive axle.

.② Remove the hub of steering knuckle.

.③ Remove it in the sequence shown in the table.

.④ Install it in the reverse sequence of removal.

1 Lock nut

Refer to the keypoints for removal of M lock nut. Refer to the keypoints for installation of

M lock nut.

2 Ball joint of steering tie rod end socket

Refer to the keypoints for steering tie rod end socket ball joint.

3 Lower control arm ball joint

4 Left drive shaft

Refer to the keypoints for removal and installation of M drive shaft.

5 Drive shaft and connecting shaft

Refer to the keypoints for removal and installation of M drive shaft and transmission drive

axle.

6 Drive shaft

Refer to the keypoints for removal of M drive shaft.

7 Snap ring

Refer to the keypoints for installation of M snap ring.

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-4

Keypoints for removal of drive shaft

1. Remove the riveting bolt and nut.

2. Wrap the cloth on the dustproof rubber sleeve

of ball joint.

3. Pry the lower control arm out of steering

knuckle.

4. Attach the spare nut to drive shaft to make the

nut flush with the end of drive shaft.

5. Hit the nut lightly with a copper hammer to

loosen the drive shaft from front hub.

6. Take the drive shaft out of hub.

Note: the sharp edge of drive shaft will scratch the

oil seal, so it’s specially careful to remove the

drive shaft from the transmission drive axle.

7. Insert a crowbar between outer ring and

transmission drive axle, and pry the left drive

shaft from transmission drive axle, as shown

in the figure below.

Keypoints for installation of snap ring

1. While attaching a new snap ring to the

connecting shaft, make the opening of snap

ring up, and ensure the diameter of snap ring

shall not exceed the specified value in

installation technology requirements.

2. After the installation, measure the outer

diameter of snap ring. If it exceeds the

specified value, additionally renew a snap

ring, and repeat Steps 1-2.

Technical requirements for snap ring outer

diameter: 26 mm {1. 02 in}

Keypoints for installation of drive shaft and

transmission drive axle

Note

The sharp edges of connecting shaft may scratch

the oil seal, so it should be specially careful to

install the drive shaft into the transmission drive

axle.

1. Insert the drive shaft into the hub.

2. Apply ATF to the lip of oil seal.

3. Push the drive shaft into the transmission

drive axle.

4. After the installation, draw the outer ring on

one end of transmission drive axle forward,

and confirm that the drive shaft is locked by

the snap ring.

Disassembly and assembling of drive shaft

1. Disassemble it in the sequence shown in the

table.

2. Assemble it in the reverse sequence of

disassembly.

Cloth

Opening

Snap ring

Outer diameter

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-5

1 Wheel side dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

Refer to the keypoints for disassembling M wheel side dustproof rubber sleeve clamp. Refer

to the keypoints for assembling M wheel side dustproof rubber sleeve clamp.

2 Transmission drive axle side dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

Refer to the keypoints for disassembling M transmission drive axle side dustproof rubber

sleeve clamp. Refer to the keypoints for assembling M transmission drive axle side dustproof

rubber sleeve clamp.

3 Outer ring

Refer to the keypoints for disassembling M outer ring. Refer to the keypoints for assembling

M outer ring

4 Snap ring

5 3-foot universal joint

Refer to the keypoints for disassembling M 3-foot universal joint. Refer to the keypoints for

assembling M 3-foot universal joint.

6 Dustproof rubber sleeve

Refer to the keypoints for disassembling M dustproof rubber sleeve. Refer to the keypoints for

assembling M dustproof rubber sleeve.

7 ABS sensor rotor

Refer to the keypoints for disassembling M ABS sensor rotor. Refer to the keypoints for

assembling M ABS sensor rotor.

8 Shaft and ball joint assembly

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-6

Keypoints for disassembling wheel side

dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

Note

Only when the dustproof rubber sleeve clamp is

replaced, it’s required to remove the dustproof

rubber sleeve clamp with clamp forceps and scrap

it, as shown in the figure below.

Keypoints for disassembling transmission drive

axle side dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

Remove big or small clamp with clamp forceps.

Keypoints for disassembling outer ring

1. Make a mark for correct assembling on the

outer ring and shaft.

2. Remove the outer ring.

Keypoints for disassembling 3-foot universal

joint

Note: make the mark with paint, and don’t punch

the mark.

1. For the purpose of correct assembly, make the

mark on the shaft and 3-foot universal joint.

2. Remove the stop ring with clip forceps.

3. Remove 3-foot universal joint from the shaft.

Keypoints for disassembling dustproof rubber

sleeve

Note: unless it’s necessary to replace the dustproof

rubber sleeve ball joint and shaft assembly, don’t

remove the dustproof rubber sleeve on wheel side

under common conditions; remove the paper tape

after assembling the dustproof rubber sleeve.

1. Wrap the spline of shaft with a tape.

2. Remove the dustproof rubber sleeve.

Keypoints for disassembling ABS sensor rotor

Note:remove the sensor rotor only if

necessary. Once the sensor rotor is removed,

it can’t be used any longer.

1. Hit down ABS sensor rotor from the drive

shaft lightly with a chisel.

Keypoints for assembling dustproof rubber

Mark

Pa

p

er ta

p

e

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-7

sleeve

Note: the dustproof rubber sleeves are different

from each other on wheel side and transmission

drive axle side; apply the specified grease supplied

in kits of dustproof rubber sleeve.

1. Apply the specified grease to the dustproof

rubber sleeve on wheel side.

Filling capacity: 90-110 g {3.13- 3.82oz}

2. Since the spline of shaft has been wrapped

with a taper during the removal, the dustproof

rubber sleeve can be mounted at this time.

3. Remove the tape.

Keypoints for assembling 3-foot universal joint

1. nstall 3-foot universal joint with a crowbar

and hammer by aligning to the mark;

2. Install the new stop ring with clip forceps.

Keypoints for assembling outer ring

Note: apply the specified grease supplied in kits of

dustproof rubber sleeves.

1. Apply the specified grease to the outer ring

and transmission drive axle side dustproof

rubber sleeve;

Filling capacity of grease:130-140g {4.59-4.95oz}

2. Assemble the outer ring;

3. Wrap the head of screwdriver with a cloth,

then lift up the small end of each dustproof

rubber sleeve carefully, and drain the air

remaining in dustproof rubber sleeve.

Keypoints for assembling the transmission drive

axle side dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

Note: the new hoop must be used every time. The

wrapping direction of hoop should be reverse to

forward rotation direction of drive shaft.

1. After wrapping the hoop by a turn, clamp it

with clip forceps;

2. Lock the hoop with a locking clamp;

Keypoints for assembling the dustproof rubber

sleeve clamp on wheel side

1. Turn SST adjusting bolt to adjust the

clearance A.

Clearance A:2.9 mm {0.11 in}

2. Lock the small dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

on wheel side with SST, and ensure the

clearance B conforms to the provisions for

technical requirements. If the clearance B

exceeds the specified value, reduce the

clearance A of SST, and re-lock the dustproof

rubber sleeve. If the clearance B is below the

specified value, replace the dustproof rubber

sleeve clamp, increase the clearance A of SST,

and lock the new dustproof rubber sleeve;

Clearance B: 2.4-2.8 mm

{0.095-0.110 in}

3. Ensure the dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

shall not be outside the clip mounting area. If

Adjusting screw

List of tires and drive shafts 2B-8

any of above cases occurs, replace the hoop,

and repeat Steps 2 and 3;

4. Fill in the dustproof rubber sleeve with the

grease supplied in repair kits;

5. Turn SST adjusting bolt to adjust the

clearance A.

Clearance A: 3.2 mm {0.13 in};

6. Lock the big dustproof rubber sleeve clamp

on wheel side with SST;

7. Ensure the clearance B conforms to the

provisions for technical requirements;

If the clearance B exceeds the specified value,

reduce the clearance A of SST, and re-lock the

dustproof rubber sleeve. If the clearance B is

below the specified value, replace the dustproof

rubber sleeve clamp, increase the clearance A of

SST, and turn the edges of new dustproof rubber

sleeve up to clearance B: 2.4-2.8 mm {0.095-0.110

in};

8. Ensure the dustproof rubber sleeve clamp is

not outside the hoop mounting area. If any of

above cases occurs, replace the hoop, and

repeat Steps 7 and 8.

Wheels and tires 2C-1

Chapter 12 Wheels and tires

Description and operation......................................................................................................................2C-2

Tires and wheels................................................................................................................................ 2C-2

Tread ................................................................................................................................................. 2C-2

Buffer layer ....................................................................................................................................... 2C-2

Tire body ........................................................................................................................................... 2C-2

Tire bead ........................................................................................................................................... 2C-2

Tire tube ............................................................................................................................................ 2C-2

Sidewall of tire .................................................................................................................................. 2C-2

Tire .................................................................................................................................................... 2C-2

Tire hydroplaning.............................................................................................................................. 2C-2

Standing wave ................................................................................................................................... 2C-3

Tire rotation....................................................................................................................................... 2C-3

All season tire.................................................................................................................................... 2C-3

Tire label ........................................................................................................................................... 2C-3

Spare tire ........................................................................................................................................... 2C-3

Wheel ................................................................................................................................................ 2C-3

Tire pressure...................................................................................................................................... 2C-3

Tire rotation....................................................................................................................................... 2C-4

Wheel balance ................................................................................................................................... 2C-4

Diagnostic data and procedures.............................................................................................................2C-4

Tire wears.......................................................................................................................................... 2C-4

Repair instructions ............................................................................................................................ 2C-6

Instructions........................................................................................................................................ 2C-7

Wheels and tires 2C-2

Description and operation

Tires and wheels

Tread

The portion contacting the road surface outside the

buffer layer and tire body. It’s made of high wear-

resistant rubber. Its operation is determined by its

surface details.

Buffer layer

The fabric layer between the tread and tire body is

used to prevent the damages of tires caused by

road impacts and vibration.

Tire body

This main portion is a tire-like structure consisting

of high-strength synthetic fiber cord fabric. Since it

must maintain the tire pressure and bear all the

loads and vibrations of tires, so it must have high

fatigue-resistant properties.

Tire bead

The steel wire coil on ends of tire body, which is

covered with rubber layers and wrapped with

nylon threads. It’s used to fix the tire on the rim.

Tire tube

The most tires applied in modern vehicles are

tubeless tires.

Sidewall of tire

It’s used to protect the tire body, flexing resistant

and improve the driving comfort.

Tire

Structure of tubeless tire

185 Width (mm)

60

Flatness rate 60%

(Height/width)×100

R Radial tire

15

Rim diameter

(Inner diameter of tire, feet)

84 Max. load index

185/60R1

5

84H

H Max. speed rating

Tire hydroplaning

When the vehicle is driving on the road surface

with water at high speed, it will make the tires

unable to drive like rolling on the good road

surface, thus the tires may float on it. This is called

as tire hydroplaning.It will cause the failure of

brake, low friction force and steering failure, so

it’s very dangerous.

High-speed driving Low-speed driving

Buffer layer

Tread

Sidewall

Tire body

Tire bead

Inflating

valve

Width

Outer

diameter

Inner

diameter

Height

Width

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