Avaya Writing Technician Interface Scripts User manual

Part No. 117382-A Rev. A

September 1997

BayRS Version 12.00

Site Manager Software Version 6.00

Writing Technician

Interface Scripts

ii

117382-A Rev. A

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v

Contents

About This Guide

Audience ........................................................................................................................... xi

Before You Begin .............................................................................................................. xi

Conventions ......................................................................................................................xii

Acronyms .........................................................................................................................xiii

Ordering Bay Networks Publications ...............................................................................xiii

Bay Networks Customer Service .....................................................................................xiv

How to Get Help ..............................................................................................................xiv

Chapter 1

Creating a Script File

About Variables ...............................................................................................................1-2

Local, Global, and System Variables ........................................................................1-4

Special Variables ............................................................................................................1-4

Input Parameters ......................................................................................................1-4

Prompting for Input ...................................................................................................1-5

Polling the Console for Input ..............................................................................1-5

Accessing MIB Information ......................................................................................1-6

Formatting a MIB Entry ............................................................................................1-7

Deﬁning a Pseudo-Variable Array ...................................................................................1-8

Creating and Using Variables .........................................................................................1-8

Viewing Variables .....................................................................................................1-8

Setting Variables ......................................................................................................1-9

Deleting Variables ..................................................................................................1-10

Setting the Current Volume or Directory .......................................................................1-11

Controlling Program Flow .............................................................................................1-11

Writing Messages to the Console .................................................................................1-12

Saving Console Messages to a File .............................................................................1-12

Performing Error Recovery ...........................................................................................1-12

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117382-A Rev. A

Inserting Comments .....................................................................................................1-13

Debugging a Script File ................................................................................................1-13

Saving and Restoring Variables ....................................................................................1-13

Running a Script File ....................................................................................................1-14

Creating Menus ............................................................................................................1-14

Chapter 2

Command Reference

arrayenv ..........................................................................................................................2-3

cutenv .............................................................................................................................2-4

echo ................................................................................................................................2-6

enumenv .........................................................................................................................2-7

export ..............................................................................................................................2-8

getenv .............................................................................................................................2-9

gosub ............................................................................................................................2-10

goto ...............................................................................................................................2-11

if ....................................................................................................................................2-12

instenv ..........................................................................................................................2-16

let ..................................................................................................................................2-18

mibget ...........................................................................................................................2-23

octetfmt .........................................................................................................................2-26

on error .........................................................................................................................2-28

pause ............................................................................................................................2-29

printf ..............................................................................................................................2-30

record ...........................................................................................................................2-33

return ............................................................................................................................2-35

run ................................................................................................................................2-36

save env .......................................................................................................................2-38

setenv ...........................................................................................................................2-39

source env ....................................................................................................................2-40

sprintf ............................................................................................................................2-41

unsetenv .......................................................................................................................2-42

verbose .........................................................................................................................2-44

117382-A Rev. A

vii

Appendix A

Sample Scripts

Menu Script ................................................................................................................... A-1

FDDI.MNU Script ........................................................................................................... A-2

FDDI.BAT Script ............................................................................................................ A-3

Index

117382-A Rev. A

ix

Tables

Table 2-1. Script Commands ....................................................................................2-1

Table 2-2. Arithmetical Operators ...........................................................................2-19

Table 2-3. Logical Operators ...................................................................................2-19

Table 2-4. Special Characters .................................................................................2-31

117382-A Rev. A

xi

About This Guide

If you are interested in creating and editing Technician Interface scripts, refer to

this guide for

• An overview of variables

• Instructions on creating, using, and saving variables, using the Technician

Interface script commands

• The function and syntax of each Technician Interface script command

Audience

This manual is for network administrators with the following background:

• Knowledge of the UNIX operating system and the C programming language

• A general understanding of local area and wide area networking fundamentals

• An understanding of the transmission and management protocols used on

your network

Before You Begin

Before using this guide, you must load the router software from the release

medium. This guide assumes that you are familiar with the Technician Interface.

For information on this interface, refer to

Using Technician Interface Software

.

Writing Technician Interface Scripts

xii

117382-A Rev. A

Conventions

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the

description inside the brackets. Do not type the

brackets when entering the command.

Example: if command syntax is

ping

<ip_address>

,

you enter

ping 192.32.10.12

bold text

Indicates text that you need to enter, command names,

and buttons in menu paths.

Example: Enter

wfsm &

Example: Use the

dinfo

command.

Example: ATM DXI > Interfaces >

PVCs

identiﬁes the

PVCs button in the window that appears when you

select the Interfaces option from the ATM DXI menu.

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements. You can choose none, one,

or all of the options.

ellipsis points Horizontal (. . .) and vertical ellipsis points indicate

omitted information.

italic text

Indicates variable values in command syntax

descriptions, new terms, ﬁle and directory names, and

book titles.

quotation marks (“ ”) Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book.

screen text

Indicates data that appears on the screen.

Example:

Set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters

separator ( > ) Separates menu and option names in instructions and

internal pin-to-pin wire connections.

Example: Protocols > AppleTalk identiﬁes the

AppleTalk option in the Protocols menu.

Example: Pin 7 > 19 > 20

vertical line (

|

) Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the

command. The vertical line separates choices. Do not

type the vertical line when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

show at routes

|

nets

,

you enter either

show at routes

or

show at nets

, but not both.

.

()

About This Guide

117382-A Rev. A

xiii

Acronyms

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ATM asynchronous transfer mode

FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface

MAC media access control

MIB management information base

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

RIP Routing Information Protocol

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

Ordering Bay Networks Publications

To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks

publications, order by part number from Bay Networks Press

™

at the following

numbers:

• Phone--U.S./Canada: 888-422-9773

• Phone--International: 510-490-4752

• FAX--U.S./Canada and International: 510-498-2609

The Bay Networks Press catalog is available on the World Wide Web at

support.baynetworks.com/Library/GenMisc

. Bay Networks publications are

available on the World Wide Web at

support.baynetworks.com/Library/tpubs

.

Writing Technician Interface Scripts

xiv

117382-A Rev. A

Bay Networks Customer Service

You can purchase a support contract from your Bay Networks distributor or

authorized reseller, or directly from Bay Networks Services. For information

about, or to purchase a Bay Networks service contract, either call your local Bay

Networks ﬁeld sales ofﬁce or one of the following numbers:

Information about customer service is also available on the World Wide Web at

support.baynetworks.com

.

How to Get Help

If you purchased a service contract for your Bay Networks product from a

distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that

distributor or reseller for assistance.

If you purchased a Bay Networks service program, call one of the following Bay

Networks Technical Solutions Centers:

Region Telephone number Fax number

United States and

Canada

800-2LANWAN; then enter Express

Routing Code (ERC) 290, when prompted,

to purchase or renew a service contract

508-916-8880 (direct)

508-916-3514

Europe 33-4-92-96-69-66 33-4-92-96-69-96

Asia/Paciﬁc 61-2-9927-8888 61-2-9927-8899

Latin America 561-988-7661 561-988-7550

Technical Solutions Center Telephone number Fax number

Billerica, MA 800-2LANWAN 508-916-3514

Santa Clara, CA 800-2LANWAN 408-495-1188

Valbonne, France 33-4-92-96-69-68 33-4-92-96-69-98

Sydney, Australia 61-2-9927-8800 61-2-9927-8811

Tokyo, Japan 81-3-5402-0180 81-3-5402-0173

117382-A Rev. A

1-1

Chapter 1

Creating a Script File

The Technician Interface script facility allows you to read and execute Technician

Interface commands from a script ﬁle. You create and edit script ﬁles on a remote

workstation and transfer the ﬁles to the router via TFTP or XMODEM. For

instructions on using TFTP or XMODEM, see

Using Technician Interface

Software

.

We provide several script programs that let you manage the router using

information stored in the management information base (MIB). You can use the

scripts to display information about protocols and network services and to enable

and disable protocols, circuits, lines, and services. You may also choose to write

your own scripts, using this manual as a guide. Technician Interface scripts are

very similar to UNIX shell scripts.

This chapter describes how to perform the following tasks, using the Technician

Interface script commands:

• Prompting the user for input, using the special variable

$

• Referencing and using MIB information, using the special variable

$

, the

mibget

and

instenv

commands, and

formatting MIB entries using the

octetfmt

command

• Creating, using, and deleting variables, using the

arrayenv

,

cutenv

,

enumenv

,

getenv

,

instenv,

let

,

setenv

,

sprintf

, and

unsetenv

commands

• Changing a local variable into a global variable, using the

export

command

• Evaluating an arithmetic or logical expression, using the

let

command

• Parsing a text string, using the

cutenv

command

• Controlling the execution of the script, using the

if

,

goto

,

pause

,

gosub

, and

return

commands

Writing Technician Interface Scripts

1-2

117382-A Rev. A

• Writing messages to the console, using the

echo

and the

printf

commands

• Recording console messages to a ﬁle, using the

record

command

• Handling and recovering from errors, using the

on error

command

• Inserting comments into a script ﬁle, using the pound sign (#)

• Debugging a script ﬁle, using the

verbose

command

• Saving or restoring variables to or from a ﬁle, using the

save env

and

source

env

commands

• Running a script ﬁle with command line arguments, using the

run

command

• Documenting a script ﬁle with command lines

About Variables

A variable is a location in the computer’s memory for storing a value. A variable

name identiﬁes the location. Variable names can consist of up to 15 alphanumeric

characters and the underscore character (_). The ﬁrst character of a variable name

must be an alphabetical character. The Technician Interface stores the value of a

variable as a string of ASCII characters. The maximum string length is 255

characters.

You can assign a value to a variable using one of the set variable commands

(

arrayenv, cutenv

, enumenv, instenv, let, setenv, mibget, or sprintf). For

instructions on using these commands, see Chapter 2.

After you have assigned a value to a variable, you can refer to the variable on a

command line within the script ﬁle by entering a dollar sign ($) before the variable

name (for example,

$a).

When you refer to a variable, the Technician Interface substitutes the value set for

the variable itself. If you want to prevent or delay the substitution of the variable,

enter the backslash character (\) before the $. The backslash character, also called

the escape character, indicates that special characters follow.

In the following script, the value of

a is substituted for $a when b is executed.

setenv a blue

setenv b “My color is \$a”

echo $b

My color is blue appears on the user’s console.

Creating a Script File

117382-A Rev. A 1-3

To prevent a variable from being expanded, enter two dollar signs ($$) before the

variable name, as shown in the following example:

setenv a blue

setenv b “My color is \$a”

echo $$b

My color is $a

appears on the user’s console.

You may embed variables in quoted strings, as shown in the previous example.

The following command line encloses the variable names

a and b in braces ({ }) to

separate the variable names from other data within the string.

echo “The sum of ${a}+1=${b}”

A variable name is usually a literal string of characters preceded by a dollar sign

($). The variable name can also be “built” dynamically when the script is executed

by using a combination of literal text and the text stored in other variables.

For example, if you have a variable named array_10, you can reference this

variable by entering

$array_10 on a command line. You can build this same

variable name by concatenating the text strings

array_ and 10. For example, if

you assign the variable index the value 10, using the command

let index = 10,

then you can build the variable name array_10 dynamically on the command line

using the following syntax:

${array_[$index]}. Notice the use of the brackets ([ ])

within the variable name. Any literal text or variable name speciﬁed within the

brackets is ﬁrst expanded to replace any variables with their values and then

concatenated onto the preceding characters of the variable name. To use brackets,

you must enclose the entire variable name being built within braces (

{ }).

Note: If the variable name is followed by a space or an end-of-line character

(carriage return), the brackets are optional.

Writing Technician Interface Scripts

1-4 117382-A Rev. A

Local, Global, and System Variables

When you ﬁrst deﬁne a variable, the computer stores it in the local environment

variable table. Local variables are only accessible from within the script in which

they were created. You cannot access them from another script ﬁle. When a script

routine ends, any local variables that you deﬁned are automatically deleted.

Global variables are stored in the global environment variable table and may be

accessed by any script ﬁle. You create global variables by using the

export

command to change a local variable to a global variable. For more information

about the

export command, see Chapter 2. Global variables are not automatically

deleted when a script ﬁle ends.

System variables, which are read-only, are created only during a Telnet session.

You cannot have the same variable name in the local and the global variable

tables. You can delete local and global variables by using the

unsetenv command.

You can also change the value of a global variable by using any of the set variable

commands (

arrayenv, cutenv, enumenv, instenv, let, mibget, setenv, or

sprintf). For more information about these commands, see Chapter 2.

Special Variables

This section describes how to use input variables, how to prompt for user entry

from the console, and how to access and format information from the MIB.

Input Parameters

The Technician Interface reserves the following variables as input parameters for

a script ﬁle:

$1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9 and $#. The special variable $#

contains the number of parameters entered on the command line following the

script ﬁle name. It is set to zero if no parameters are entered. For more

information about input parameters, see “

run” in Chapter 2.

Note: The value of a variable in the local or global table takes precedence over

a variable with the same name in the system variable table.

Creating a Script File

117382-A Rev. A 1-5

Prompting for Input

The input prompt variable allows you to create a prompt that accepts user input

from the Technician Interface console. The syntax of the input prompt variable is

$

<prompt_string>

. The Technician Interface prompts the user with the message

you entered between the brackets (< >). In the following script,

setenv ans “$<Enter your name: >”

echo “Your name is $ans”

Enter your name:

appears on the user’s console. After the user enters a value, the

Technician Interface substitutes the value for

ans and displays the message Your

name is

followed by the name entered by the user.

For instructions on using the

setenv command and the echo command, see

Chapter 2.

Polling the Console for Input

You can specify how much time a user has to respond to a prompt (that is, to press

Return) before the system times out. If you do not specify a timeout value, the

system prompts the user for input until the user responds.

To specify a timeout value, enter the following command, where

<value_in_seconds>

is the length of time, in seconds, that the system will wait for

a response before timing out.

let SYS_IO_TIMEOUT = <value_in_seconds>

The timeout value cannot exceed the timeout speciﬁed by one of the following

MIB objects: wfSerialPort.wfSerialPortTimeOut.0 or

wfTelnet.wfTelnetSerialPortTimeOut.0. For example, if you specify a timeout of

600 seconds and the timeout speciﬁed by wfSerialPort.wfSerialPortTimeOut.0 = 5

minutes, the system uses the timeout value given by

wfSerialPort.wfSerialPortTimeOut.0.

For instructions on using the

let command, see Chapter 2.

Writing Technician Interface Scripts

1-6 117382-A Rev. A

In the following script, if the user does not press Return before the time speciﬁed

for SYS_IO_TIMEOUT has elapsed,

nothing entered appears on the user’s

console:

let SYS_IO_TIMEOUT = 10

setenv ans “$<Enter your name: >”

echo “Your name is $ans”

if “$ans” = “” then; \

echo “nothing entered”

To change the timeout back to an indeﬁnite waiting period, use the following

command:

unsetenv SYS_IO_TIMEOUT

For more information about using the commands in the preceding examples, see

Chapter 2.

Accessing MIB Information

The Technician Interface script facility allows you to assign the value of a MIB

attribute to a variable. Using the syntax

$

, you can refer

to the following types of MIB variables:

• Counter variables, which keep track of how many times an event occurs.

• Display string variables, which specify a piece of information stored in ASCII

characters, and which the system can display for the user to read. The string

must be shorter than 255 characters.

• Gauge variables, which keep track of values that ﬂuctuate.

• Integer variables, which specify information in the form of a simple integer.

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Avaya Writing Technician Interface Scripts User manual

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