Aruba IP Multicast Configuration Guide

  • Hello! I'm your chat assistant, and I've reviewed the HPE FlexFabric 5940 & 5930 Switch Series IP Multicast Configuration Guide. This guide covers a wide range of topics, including IGMP snooping, PIM snooping, multicast VLAN configuration, and multicast routing. I'm ready to help you with any questions you may have about configuring these features on your HPE switches.
  • What is IGMP snooping?
    What is PIM snooping?
    What is a multicast VLAN?
    What does MSDP do?
HPE FlexFabric 5940 & 5930 Switch Series
IP Multicast Configuration Guide
P
art number: 5200-4866c
Software
version: Release 2609 and later
Document version: 6W103-20200310
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Contents
Multicast overview ························································································· 1
Introduction to multicast ····································································································································· 1
Information transmission techniques ·········································································································· 1
Multicast features ······································································································································· 3
Common notations in multicast ·················································································································· 4
Multicast benefits and applications ············································································································ 4
Multicast models ················································································································································ 4
IP multicast architecture ····································································································································· 5
Multicast addresses ··································································································································· 5
Multicast protocols ····································································································································· 8
Multicast packet forwarding mechanism ·········································································································· 11
Multicast support for VPNs······························································································································· 11
Introduction to VPN instances ·················································································································· 11
Multicast application in VPNs ··················································································································· 12
Configuring IGMP snooping ········································································· 13
Overview ·························································································································································· 13
IGMP snooping ports ······························································································································· 13
How IGMP snooping works ······················································································································ 15
IGMP snooping proxying ·························································································································· 16
Protocols and standards ·························································································································· 17
IGMP snooping configuration task list ·············································································································· 17
IGMP snooping configuration task list for VLANs ···················································································· 17
IGMP configuration task list for VSIs········································································································ 18
Configuring basic IGMP snooping features ····································································································· 19
Enabling IGMP snooping ························································································································· 19
Specifying an IGMP snooping version ····································································································· 20
Setting the maximum number of IGMP snooping forwarding entries ······················································· 21
Configuring static multicast MAC address entries ···················································································· 21
Setting the IGMP last member query interval ·························································································· 22
Configuring IGMP snooping port features ········································································································ 23
Setting aging timers for dynamic ports ····································································································· 23
Configuring static ports ···························································································································· 24
Configuring a port as a simulated member host ······················································································ 24
Enabling fast-leave processing ················································································································ 25
Disabling a port from becoming a dynamic router port ············································································ 25
Configuring the IGMP snooping querier ··········································································································· 26
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 26
Enabling the IGMP snooping querier ······································································································· 26
Enabling IGMP snooping querier election ································································································ 27
Configuring parameters for IGMP general queries and responses ·························································· 28
Specifying the Layer 2 multicast forwarding mode··························································································· 28
Enabling IGMP snooping proxying ··················································································································· 29
Configuring parameters for IGMP messages ··································································································· 29
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 30
Configuring source IP addresses for IGMP messages ············································································ 30
Setting the 802.1p priority for IGMP messages ······················································································· 31
Configuring IGMP snooping policies ················································································································ 32
Configuring a multicast group policy ········································································································ 32
Enabling multicast source port filtering ···································································································· 33
Enabling dropping unknown multicast data ······························································································ 34
Enabling IGMP report suppression ·········································································································· 34
Setting the maximum number of multicast groups on a port ···································································· 34
Enabling multicast group replacement ····································································································· 35
Enabling host tracking ······························································································································ 35
Configuring an IGMP snooping user access control policy ······································································ 36
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IGMP snooping protocol packets ·························································· 36
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Displaying and maintaining IGMP snooping ···································································································· 37
IGMP snooping configuration examples ·········································································································· 38
Group policy and simulated joining configuration example(for VLANs) ··················································· 38
Static port configuration example (for VLANs) ························································································· 40
IGMP snooping querier configuration example (for VLANs) ···································································· 42
IGMP snooping proxying configuration example (for VLANs) ·································································· 45
IGMP snooping configuration example (for VSIs) ···················································································· 47
IGMP snooping configuration example (for VXLANs) ·············································································· 53
Troubleshooting IGMP snooping ····················································································································· 57
Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function ··························································································· 57
Multicast group policy does not work ······································································································· 58
Configuring PIM snooping ············································································ 59
Overview ·························································································································································· 59
Configuring PIM snooping ································································································································ 60
Displaying and maintaining PIM snooping ······································································································· 61
PIM snooping configuration example ··············································································································· 61
Network requirements ······························································································································ 61
Configuration procedure ··························································································································· 62
Verifying the configuration ························································································································ 64
Troubleshooting PIM snooping ························································································································ 65
PIM snooping does not work on a Layer 2 device ··················································································· 65
Configuring multicast VLANs ······································································· 66
Overview ·························································································································································· 66
Multicast VLAN configuration task list ·············································································································· 68
Configuring a sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN ······························································································ 68
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 68
Configuration restrictions and guidelines ································································································· 68
Configuration procedure ··························································································································· 69
Configuring a port-based multicast VLAN ········································································································ 69
Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 69
Configuring user port attributes ················································································································ 69
Assigning user ports to a multicast VLAN ································································································ 70
Setting the maximum number of multicast VLAN forwarding entries ······························································· 70
Displaying and maintaining multicast VLANs ··································································································· 71
Multicast VLAN configuration examples ·········································································································· 71
Sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN configuration example ······································································· 71
Port-based multicast VLAN configuration example ·················································································· 74
Configuring multicast routing and forwarding ··············································· 78
Overview ·························································································································································· 78
RPF check mechanism ···························································································································· 78
Static multicast routes ······························································································································ 80
Multicast forwarding across unicast subnets ···························································································· 81
Mtrace ······················································································································································ 82
Multicast routing and forwarding configuration task list ··················································································· 83
Enabling IP multicast routing···························································································································· 83
Configuring multicast routing and forwarding ··································································································· 83
Configuring static multicast routes ··········································································································· 83
Specifying the longest prefix match principle ··························································································· 84
Configuring multicast load splitting··········································································································· 84
Configuring a multicast forwarding boundary ··························································································· 85
Enabling multicast forwarding between sub-VLANs of a super VLAN ····························································· 85
Using mtrace to trace a multicast path ············································································································· 86
Using mtrace1 to trace a multicast path ··································································································· 86
Using mtrace2 to trace a multicast path ··································································································· 86
Setting the maximum number of cached unknown multicast packets······························································ 86
Displaying and maintaining multicast routing and forwarding ·········································································· 87
Multicast routing and forwarding configuration examples ················································································ 88
Changing an RPF route ··························································································································· 88
Creating an RPF route ····························································································································· 90
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Multicast forwarding over a GRE tunnel ··································································································· 92
Troubleshooting multicast routing and forwarding ··························································································· 95
Static multicast route failure ····················································································································· 95
Configuring IGMP ························································································ 96
Overview ·························································································································································· 96
IGMPv1 overview ····································································································································· 96
IGMPv2 enhancements ···························································································································· 97
IGMPv3 enhancements ···························································································································· 98
IGMP SSM mapping ································································································································ 99
IGMP proxying ······································································································································· 100
IGMP support for VPNs ·························································································································· 101
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 101
IGMP configuration task list ··························································································································· 102
Configuring basic IGMP features ··················································································································· 102
Enabling IGMP ······································································································································· 102
Specifying an IGMP version ··················································································································· 103
Configuring a static group member ········································································································ 103
Configuring a multicast group policy ······································································································ 103
Adjusting IGMP performance ························································································································· 104
Configuring IGMP query and response parameters ··············································································· 104
Enabling fast-leave processing ·············································································································· 106
Configuring IGMP SSM mappings ················································································································· 107
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 107
Configuration procedure ························································································································· 107
Configuring IGMP proxying ···························································································································· 107
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 107
Enabling IGMP proxying ························································································································ 107
Enabling multicast forwarding on a non-querier interface ······································································ 108
Configuring multicast load splitting on an IGMP proxy··········································································· 108
Enabling IGMP NSR ······································································································································ 109
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IGMP protocol packets ········································································ 109
Displaying and maintaining IGMP ·················································································································· 109
IGMP configuration examples ························································································································ 110
Basic IGMP features configuration example ·························································································· 110
IGMP SSM mapping configuration example ·························································································· 112
IGMP proxying configuration example ··································································································· 115
Troubleshooting IGMP ··································································································································· 117
No membership information on the receiver-side router ········································································ 117
Inconsistent membership information on the routers on the same subnet············································· 117
Configuring PIM ························································································· 118
Overview ························································································································································ 118
PIM-DM overview ··································································································································· 118
PIM-SM overview ··································································································································· 120
BIDIR-PIM overview ······························································································································· 126
Administrative scoping overview ············································································································ 129
PIM-SSM overview ································································································································· 131
Relationship among PIM protocols ········································································································ 132
PIM support for VPNs ···························································································································· 133
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 133
Configuring PIM-DM······································································································································· 133
PIM-DM configuration task list ··············································································································· 134
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 134
Enabling PIM-DM ··································································································································· 134
Enabling the state refresh feature ·········································································································· 134
Configuring state refresh parameters ····································································································· 135
Configuring the PIM-DM graft retry timer ······························································································· 135
Configuring PIM-SM ······································································································································· 136
PIM-SM configuration task list················································································································ 136
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 136
Enabling PIM-SM ··································································································································· 136
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Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 137
Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 139
Configuring multicast source registration ······························································································· 141
Configuring the switchover to SPT ········································································································· 142
Configuring BIDIR-PIM··································································································································· 142
BIDIR-PIM configuration task list ··········································································································· 142
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 143
Enabling BIDIR-PIM ······························································································································· 143
Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 143
Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 145
Configuring PIM-SSM ···································································································································· 148
PIM-SSM configuration task list ············································································································· 148
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 148
Enabling PIM-SM ··································································································································· 148
Configuring the SSM group range ·········································································································· 148
Configuring common PIM features················································································································· 149
Configuration task list ····························································································································· 149
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 149
Configuring a multicast source policy ····································································································· 149
Configuring a PIM hello policy················································································································ 150
Configuring PIM hello message options ································································································· 150
Configuring common PIM timers ············································································································ 152
Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message ·········································································· 153
Enabling BFD for PIM ···························································································································· 153
Enabling PIM passive mode ··················································································································· 154
Enabling PIM NSR ································································································································· 154
Enabling SNMP notifications for PIM ····································································································· 154
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing PIM protocol packets ··································································· 155
Displaying and maintaining PIM ····················································································································· 155
PIM configuration examples ··························································································································· 156
PIM-DM configuration example ·············································································································· 156
PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example ················································································· 159
PIM-SM admin-scoped zone configuration example·············································································· 162
BIDIR-PIM configuration example ·········································································································· 167
PIM-SSM configuration example············································································································ 171
Troubleshooting PIM ······································································································································ 173
A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built ············································································· 173
Multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router························································ 174
An RP cannot join an SPT in PIM-SM ···································································································· 174
An RPT cannot be built or multicast source registration fails in PIM-SM ··············································· 175
Configuring MSDP ····················································································· 176
Overview ························································································································································ 176
How MSDP works ·································································································································· 176
MSDP support for VPNs ························································································································ 181
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 181
MSDP configuration task list ·························································································································· 182
Configuring basic MSDP features ·················································································································· 182
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 182
Enabling MSDP ······································································································································ 182
Specifying an MSDP peer ······················································································································ 183
Configuring a static RPF peer ················································································································ 183
Configuring an MSDP peering connection ····································································································· 183
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 183
Configuring a description for an MSDP peer ·························································································· 184
Configuring an MSDP mesh group ········································································································ 184
Controlling MSDP peering connections ································································································· 184
Configuring SA message-related parameters ································································································ 185
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 185
Enabling multicast data encapsulation in SA messages ········································································ 185
Configuring the originating RP of SA messages ···················································································· 186
Configuring SA request messages ········································································································· 186
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Configuring SA message policies ·········································································································· 187
Configuring the SA cache mechanism ··································································································· 188
Enabling MSDP NSR ····································································································································· 188
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing MSDP protocol packets ······································································· 188
Displaying and maintaining MSDP ················································································································· 189
MSDP configuration examples ······················································································································· 189
PIM-SM inter-domain multicast configuration ························································································ 189
Inter-AS multicast configuration by leveraging static RPF peers ··························································· 194
Anycast RP configuration ······················································································································· 198
SA message filtering configuration ········································································································· 202
Troubleshooting MSDP ·································································································································· 205
MSDP peers stay in disabled state ········································································································ 206
No SA entries exist in the router's SA message cache ·········································································· 206
No exchange of locally registered (S, G) entries between RPs ····························································· 207
Configuring multicast VPN ········································································· 208
Overview ························································································································································ 208
MVPN overview ······································································································································ 209
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 211
How MVPN works ·········································································································································· 211
Default-MDT establishment ···················································································································· 211
Default-MDT-based delivery ·················································································································· 214
MDT switchover ····································································································································· 217
Inter-AS MVPN ······································································································································· 218
M6VPE ··················································································································································· 221
Multicast VPN configuration task list ·············································································································· 222
Configuring MVPN ········································································································································· 223
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 223
Enabling IP multicast routing for a VPN instance ··················································································· 223
Creating an MVPN for a VPN instance ·································································································· 224
Creating an MVPN address family ········································································································· 224
Specifying the default-group ·················································································································· 224
Specifying the MVPN source interface··································································································· 225
Configuring MDT switchover parameters ······························································································· 226
Configuring the RPF vector feature ········································································································ 226
Enabling data-group reuse logging ········································································································ 227
Configuring BGP MDT ··································································································································· 227
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 227
Configuring BGP MDT peers or peer groups ························································································· 228
Configuring a BGP MDT route reflector ································································································· 228
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing multicast VPN protocol packets··························································· 229
Displaying and maintaining multicast VPN····································································································· 229
Multicast VPN configuration examples··········································································································· 230
Intra-AS MVPN configuration example ·································································································· 230
Intra-AS M6VPE configuration example ································································································· 244
MVPN inter-AS option B configuration example ···················································································· 259
MVPN inter-AS option C configuration example ···················································································· 273
Troubleshooting MVPN ·································································································································· 286
A default-MDT cannot be established ···································································································· 286
An MVRF cannot be created ·················································································································· 286
Configuring MLD snooping ········································································ 288
Overview ························································································································································ 288
MLD snooping ports ······························································································································· 288
How MLD snooping works ····················································································································· 290
MLD snooping proxying ························································································································· 291
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 292
MLD snooping configuration task list ············································································································· 292
MLD snooping configuration task list for VLANs ···················································································· 292
MLD snooping configuration task list for VSIs························································································ 293
Configuring basic MLD snooping features ····································································································· 294
Enabling MLD snooping ························································································································· 294
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Specifying an MLD snooping version ····································································································· 295
Setting the maximum number of MLD snooping forwarding entries ······················································ 296
Configuring static IPv6 multicast MAC address entries ········································································· 296
Setting the MLD last listener query interval ···························································································· 297
Configuring MLD snooping port features ······································································································· 298
Setting aging timers for dynamic ports ··································································································· 298
Configuring static ports ·························································································································· 299
Configuring a port as a simulated member host ···················································································· 299
Enabling fast-leave processing ·············································································································· 300
Disabling a port from becoming a dynamic router port ·········································································· 300
Configuring the MLD snooping querier ·········································································································· 301
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 301
Enabling the MLD snooping querier ······································································································· 301
Enabling MLD snooping querier election ······························································································· 302
Configuring parameters for MLD general queries and responses ························································· 303
Specifying the Layer 2 IPv6 multicast forwarding mode ················································································ 304
Enabling MLD snooping proxying ·················································································································· 304
Configuring parameters for MLD messages ·································································································· 305
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 305
Configuring source IPv6 addresses for MLD messages ········································································ 305
Setting the 802.1p priority for MLD messages ······················································································· 307
Configuring MLD snooping policies················································································································ 308
Configuring an IPv6 multicast group policy ···························································································· 308
Enabling IPv6 multicast source port filtering ·························································································· 308
Enabling dropping unknown IPv6 multicast data ··················································································· 309
Enabling MLD report suppression ·········································································································· 309
Setting the maximum number of IPv6 multicast groups on a port ·························································· 310
Enabling IPv6 multicast group replacement ··························································································· 310
Enabling host tracking ···························································································································· 311
Configuring an MLD snooping user access control policy ····································································· 311
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing MLD snooping protocol packets ·························································· 312
Displaying and maintaining MLD snooping ···································································································· 312
MLD snooping configuration examples ·········································································································· 313
IPv6 group policy and simulated joining configuration example (for VLANs) ········································· 313
Static port configuration example (for VLANs) ······················································································· 315
MLD snooping querier configuration example (for VLANs) ···································································· 318
MLD snooping proxying configuration example (for VLANs) ································································· 320
MLD snooping configuration example (for VSIs)···················································································· 322
MLD snooping configuration example (for VXLANs)·············································································· 328
Troubleshooting MLD snooping ····················································································································· 333
Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function ························································································· 333
IPv6 multicast group policy does not work ····························································································· 334
Configuring IPv6 PIM snooping ································································· 335
Overview ························································································································································ 335
Configuring IPv6 PIM snooping······················································································································ 336
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM snooping ····························································································· 337
IPv6 PIM snooping configuration example ····································································································· 337
Network requirements ···························································································································· 337
Configuration procedure ························································································································· 338
Verifying the configuration ······················································································································ 340
Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM snooping ·············································································································· 341
IPv6 PIM snooping does not work on a Layer 2 device ········································································· 341
Configuring IPv6 multicast VLANs ····························································· 342
Overview ························································································································································ 342
IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration task list ···································································································· 344
Configuring a sub-VLAN-based IPv6 multicast VLAN ··················································································· 344
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 344
Configuration restrictions and guidelines ······························································································· 344
Configuration procedure ························································································································· 344
Configuring a port-based IPv6 multicast VLAN ······························································································ 345
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Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 345
Configuring user port attributes ·············································································································· 345
Assigning user ports to an IPv6 multicast VLAN ···················································································· 345
Setting the maximum number of IPv6 multicast VLAN forwarding entries ····················································· 346
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 multicast VLANs························································································· 347
IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration examples ································································································ 347
Sub-VLAN-based IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration example ····························································· 347
Port-based IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration example········································································ 350
Configuring IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding ····································· 354
Overview ························································································································································ 354
RPF check mechanism ·························································································································· 354
IPv6 multicast forwarding across IPv6 unicast subnets ········································································· 356
IPv6 mtrace ············································································································································ 356
IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding configuration task list ········································································· 357
Enabling IPv6 multicast routing ······················································································································ 357
Configuring IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding························································································· 357
Specifying the longest prefix match principle ························································································· 357
Configuring IPv6 multicast load splitting ································································································ 358
Configuring an IPv6 multicast forwarding boundary··············································································· 358
Enabling IPv6 multicast forwarding between sub-VLANs of a super VLAN ··········································· 358
Using mtrace2 to trace an IPv6 multicast path······························································································· 359
Setting the maximum number of cached unknown IPv6 multicast packets ··················································· 359
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding ································································ 360
IPv6 multicast forwarding over a GRE tunnel configuration example ···························································· 361
Configuring MLD ························································································ 365
Overview ························································································································································ 365
How MLDv1 works ································································································································· 365
MLDv2 enhancements ··························································································································· 367
MLD SSM mapping ································································································································ 368
MLD proxying ········································································································································· 369
MLD support for VPNs ··························································································································· 369
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 369
MLD configuration task list ····························································································································· 370
Configuring basic MLD features ····················································································································· 370
Enabling MLD ········································································································································· 370
Specifying an MLD version ···················································································································· 371
Configuring a static group member ········································································································ 371
Configuring an IPv6 multicast group policy ···························································································· 371
Adjusting MLD performance··························································································································· 372
Configuring MLD query and response parameters ················································································ 372
Enabling fast-leave processing ·············································································································· 374
Configuring MLD SSM mappings ··················································································································· 374
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 375
Configuration procedure ························································································································· 375
Configuring MLD proxying······························································································································ 375
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 375
Enabling MLD proxying ·························································································································· 375
Enabling IPv6 multicast forwarding on a non-querier interface ······························································ 376
Configuring IPv6 multicast load splitting on an MLD proxy ···································································· 376
Enabling MLD NSR ········································································································································ 377
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing MLD protocol packets ········································································· 377
Displaying and maintaining MLD···················································································································· 377
MLD configuration examples·························································································································· 378
Basic MLD features configuration examples ·························································································· 378
MLD SSM mapping configuration example ···························································································· 380
MLD proxying configuration example ····································································································· 383
Troubleshooting MLD ····································································································································· 384
No member information exists on the receiver-side router ···································································· 384
Inconsistent membership information on the routers on the same subnet············································· 385
viii
Configuring IPv6 PIM ················································································· 386
Overview ························································································································································ 386
IPv6 PIM-DM overview ··························································································································· 386
IPv6 PIM-SM overview ··························································································································· 388
IPv6 BIDIR-PIM overview ······················································································································· 394
IPv6 administrative scoping overview ···································································································· 397
IPv6 PIM-SSM overview ························································································································ 399
Relationship among IPv6 PIM protocols ································································································ 400
IPv6 PIM support for VPNs ···················································································································· 401
Protocols and standards ························································································································ 401
Configuring IPv6 PIM-DM ······························································································································ 401
IPv6 PIM-DM configuration task list ······································································································· 402
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 402
Enabling IPv6 PIM-DM ··························································································································· 402
Enabling the state refresh feature ·········································································································· 402
Configuring state refresh parameters ····································································································· 403
Configuring the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer ······················································································· 403
Configuring IPv6 PIM-SM······························································································································· 404
IPv6 PIM-SM configuration task list ······································································································· 404
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 404
Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM ··························································································································· 404
Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 405
Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 407
Configuring IPv6 multicast source registration ······················································································· 409
Configuring the switchover to SPT ········································································································· 410
Configuring IPv6 BIDIR-PIM ·························································································································· 410
IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration task list ··································································································· 410
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 411
Enabling IPv6 BIDIR-PIM ······················································································································· 411
Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 411
Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 413
Configuring IPv6 PIM-SSM ···························································································································· 415
IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration task list ····································································································· 415
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 416
Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM ··························································································································· 416
Configuring the IPv6 SSM group range ································································································· 416
Configuring common IPv6 PIM features ········································································································ 417
Configuration task list ····························································································································· 417
Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 417
Configuring an IPv6 multicast source policy ·························································································· 417
Configuring an IPv6 PIM hello policy ····································································································· 418
Configuring IPv6 PIM hello message options ························································································ 418
Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers ···································································································· 419
Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message ·········································································· 421
Enabling BFD for IPv6 PIM ···················································································································· 421
Enabling IPv6 PIM passive mode ·········································································································· 422
Enabling IPv6 PIM NSR ························································································································· 422
Enabling SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM ····························································································· 422
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IPv6 PIM protocol packets··························································· 423
Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM············································································································· 423
IPv6 PIM configuration examples··················································································································· 424
IPv6 PIM-DM configuration example ······································································································ 424
IPv6 PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example ········································································· 427
IPv6 PIM-SM admin-scoped zone configuration example ····································································· 430
IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration example ·································································································· 435
IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration example ··································································································· 440
Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM ······························································································································ 442
A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built ············································································· 442
IPv6 multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router ··············································· 443
An RP cannot join an SPT in IPv6 PIM-SM ··························································································· 443
An RPT cannot be built or IPv6 multicast source registration fails in IPv6 PIM-SM ······························· 443
ix
Document conventions and icons ······························································ 445
Conventions ··················································································································································· 445
Network topology icons ·································································································································· 446
Support and other resources ····································································· 447
Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support····························································································· 447
Accessing updates ········································································································································· 447
Websites ················································································································································ 448
Customer self repair ······························································································································· 448
Remote support ······································································································································ 448
Documentation feedback ······················································································································· 448
Index ·········································································································· 450
1
Multicast overview
Introduction to multicast
As a technique that coexists with unicast and broadcast, the multicast technique effectively
addresses the issue of point-to-multipoint data transmission. By enabling high-efficiency
point-to-multipoint data transmission over a network, multicast greatly saves network bandwidth and
reduces network load.
By using multicast technology, a network operator can easily provide bandwidth-critical and
time-critical information services. These services include live webcasting, Web TV, distance learning,
telemedicine, Web radio, and real-time video conferencing.
Information transmission techniques
The information transmission techniques include unicast, broadcast, and multicast.
Unicast
In unicast transmission, the information source must send a separate copy of information to each
host that needs the information.
Figure 1 Unicast transmission
In Figure 1, Host B, Host D, and Host E need the information. A separate transmission channel must
be established from the information source to each of these hosts.
In unicast transmission, the traffic transmitted over the network is proportional to the number of hosts
that need the information. If a large number of hosts need the information, the information source
must send a separate copy of the same information to each of these hosts. Sending many copies
can place a tremendous pressure on the information source and the network bandwidth.
Unicast is not suitable for batch transmission of information.
Source
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Host A
Host B
Host C
Host D
Host E
Packets for Host B
Packets for Host D
Packets for Host E
IP network
2
Broadcast
In broadcast transmission, the information source sends information to all hosts on the subnet, even
if some hosts do not need the information.
Figure 2 Broadcast transmission
In Figure 2, only Host B, Host D, and Host E need the information. If the information is broadcast to
the subnet, Host A and Host C also receive it. In addition to information security issues, broadcasting
to hosts that do not need the information also causes traffic flooding on the same subnet.
Broadcast is disadvantageous in transmitting data to specific hosts. Moreover, broadcast
transmission is a significant waste of network resources.
Multicast
Multicast provides point-to-multipoint data transmissions with the minimum network consumption.
When some hosts on the network need multicast information, the information sender, or multicast
source, sends only one copy of the information. Multicast distribution trees are built through multicast
routing protocols, and the packets are replicated only on nodes where the trees branch.
Source
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Host A
Host B
Host C
Host D
Host E
Packets for all hosts
A network segment
3
Figure 3 Multicast transmission
In Figure 3, the multicast source sends only one copy of the information to a multicast group. Host B,
Host D, and Host E, which are information receivers, must join the multicast group. The routers on
the network duplicate and forward the information based on the distribution of the group members.
Finally, the information is correctly delivered to Host B, Host D, and Host E.
To summarize, multicast has the following advantages:
•
Advantages over unicast—Multicast data is replicated and distributed until it flows to the
farthest-possible node from the source. The increase of receiver hosts will not remarkably
increase the load of the source or the usage of network resources.
•
Advantages over broadcast—Multicast data is sent only to the receivers that need it. This
saves network bandwidth and enhances network security. In addition, multicast data is not
confined to the same subnet.
Multicast features
•
A multicast group is a multicast receiver set identified by an IP multicast address. Hosts must
join a multicast group to become members of the multicast group before they receive the
multicast data addressed to that multicast group. Typically, a multicast source does not need to
join a multicast group.
•
A multicast source is an information sender. It can send data to multiple multicast groups at the
same time. Multiple multicast sources can send data to the same multicast group at the same
time.
•
The group memberships are dynamic. Hosts can join or leave multicast groups at any time.
Multicast groups are not subject to geographic restrictions.
•
Multicast routers or Layer 3 multicast devices are routers or Layer 3 switches that support Layer
3 multicast. They provide multicast routing and manage multicast group memberships on stub
subnets with attached group members. A multicast router itself can be a multicast group
member.
For a better understanding of the multicast concept, you can compare multicast transmission to the
transmission of TV programs.
Source
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Host A
Host B
Host C
Host D
Host E
Packets for the multicast group
IP network
4
Table 1 Comparing TV program transmission and multicast transmission
TV program transmission
Multicast transmission
A TV station transmits a TV program through a
channel. A multicast source sends multicast data to a multicast
group.
A user tunes the TV set to the channel. A receiver joins the multicast group.
The user starts to watch the TV program
transmitted by the TV station on the channel. The receiver starts to receive the multicast data sent by
the source to the multicast group.
The user turns off the TV set or tunes to another
channel. The receiver leaves the multicast group or joins another
group.
Common notations in multicast
The following notations are commonly used in multicast transmission:
•
(*, G)—Rendezvous point tree (RPT), or a multicast packet that any multicast source sends to
multicast group G. The asterisk (*) represents any multicast source, and "G" represents a
specific multicast group.
•
(S, G)—Shortest path tree (SPT), or a multicast packet that multicast source "S" sends to
multicast group "G." "S" represents a specific multicast source, and "G" represents a specific
multicast group.
For more information about the concepts RPT and SPT, see "Configuring PIM" and "Configuring
IPv6 PIM."
Multicast benefits and applications
Multicast benefits
•
Enhanced efficiency—Reduces the processor load of information source servers and network
devices.
•
Optimal performance—Reduces redundant traffic.
•
Distributed application—Enables point-to-multipoint applications at the price of minimum
network resources.
Multicast applications
•
Multimedia and streaming applications, such as Web TV, Web radio, and real-time video/audio
conferencing
•
Communication for training and cooperative operations, such as distance learning and
telemedicine
•
Data warehouse and financial applications (stock quotes)
•
Any other point-to-multipoint application for data distribution
Multicast models
Based on how the receivers treat the multicast sources, the multicast models include any-source
multicast (ASM), source-filtered multicast (SFM), and source-specific multicast (SSM).
ASM model
In the ASM model, any multicast sources can send information to a multicast group. Receivers can
join a multicast group and get multicast information addressed to that multicast group from any
5
multicast sources. In this model, receivers do not know the positions of the multicast sources in
advance.
SFM model
The SFM model is derived from the ASM model. To a multicast source, the two models appear to
have the same multicast membership architecture.
The SFM model functionally extends the ASM model. The upper-layer software checks the source
address of received multicast packets and permits or denies multicast traffic from specific sources.
The receivers obtain the multicast data from only part of the multicast sources. To a receiver,
multicast sources are not all valid, but are filtered.
SSM model
The SSM model provides a transmission service that enables multicast receivers to specify the
multicast sources in which they are interested.
In the SSM model, receivers have already determined the locations of the multicast sources. This is
the main difference between the SSM model and the ASM model. In addition, the SSM model uses a
different multicast address range than the ASM/SFM model. Dedicated multicast forwarding paths
are established between receivers and the specified multicast sources.
IP multicast architecture
IP multicast addresses the following issues:
•
Where should the multicast source transmit information to? (Multicast addressing.)
•
What receivers exist on the network? (Host registration.)
•
Where is the multicast source that will provide data to the receivers? (Multicast source
discovery.)
•
How is the information transmitted to the receivers? (Multicast routing.)
IP multicast is an end-to-end service. The multicast architecture involves the following parts:
•
Addressing mechanism—A multicast source sends information to a group of receivers
through a multicast address.
•
Host registration—Receiver hosts can join and leave multicast groups dynamically. This
mechanism is the basis for management of group memberships.
•
Multicast routing—A multicast distribution tree (a forwarding path tree for multicast data on the
network) is constructed for delivering multicast data from a multicast source to receivers.
•
Multicast applications—A software system that supports multicast applications, such as video
conferencing, must be installed on multicast sources and receiver hosts. The TCP/IP stack
must support reception and transmission of multicast data.
Multicast addresses
IP multicast addresses
•
IPv4 multicast addresses:
IANA assigned the Class D address block (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) to IPv4 multicast.
Table 2 Class D IP address blocks and description
Address block
Description
224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 Reserved permanent group addresses. The IP address 224.0.0.0
is reserved. Other IP addresses can be used by routing protocols
and for topology searching, protocol maintenance, and so on.
Table 3 lists common permanent group addresses. A packet
6
Address block
Description
destined for an address in this block will not be forwarded beyond
the local subnet regardless of the TTL value in the IP header.
224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255
Globally scoped group addresses. This block includes the
following types of designated group addresses:
• 232.0.0.0/8—SSM group addresses.
• 233.0.0.0/8—Glop group addresses.
239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
Administratively scoped multicast addresses. These addresses
are considered locally unique rather than globally unique. You can
reuse them in domains administered by different organizations
without causing conflicts. For more information, see RFC 2365.
Table 3 Common permanent multicast group addresses
Address
Description
224.0.0.1 All systems on this subnet, including hosts and routers.
224.0.0.2 All multicast routers on this subnet.
224.0.0.3 Unassigned.
224.0.0.4 DVMRP routers.
224.0.0.5 OSPF routers.
224.0.0.6 OSPF designated routers and backup designated routers.
224.0.0.7 Shared Tree (ST) routers.
224.0.0.8 ST hosts.
224.0.0.9 RIPv2 routers.
224.0.0.11 Mobile agents.
224.0.0.12 DHCP server/relay agent.
224.0.0.13 All Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) routers.
224.0.0.14 RSVP encapsulation.
224.0.0.15 All Core-Based Tree (CBT) routers.
224.0.0.16 Designated SBM.
224.0.0.17 All SBMs.
224.0.0.18 VRRP.
•
IPv6 multicast addresses:
7
Figure 4 IPv6 multicast format
The following describes the fields of an IPv6 multicast address:
 0xFF—The most significant eight bits are 11111111.
 Flags—The Flags field contains four bits.
Figure 5 Flags field format
Table 4 Flags field description
Bit
Description
0 Reserved, set to 0.
R
• When set to 0, this address is an IPv6 multicast address
without an embedded RP address.
• When set to 1, this address is an IPv6 multicast address with
an embedded RP address. (The P and T bits must also be set
to 1.)
P
• When set to 0, this address is an IPv6 multicast address not
based on a unicast prefix.
• When set to 1, this address is an IPv6 multicast address
based on a unicast prefix. (The T bit must also be set to 1.)
T
• When set to 0, this address is an IPv6 multicast address
permanently-assigned by IANA.
• When set to 1, this address is a transient or dynamically
assigned IPv6 multicast address.
 Scope—The Scope field contains four bits, which represent the scope of the IPv6
internetwork for which the multicast traffic is intended.
Table 5 Values of the Scope field
Value
Meaning
0, F Reserved.
1 Interface-local scope.
2 Link-local scope.
3 Subnet-local scope.
4 Admin-local scope.
5 Site-local scope.
6, 7, 9 through D Unassigned.
8 Organization-local scope.
E Global scope.
Group ID (112 bits)
0xFF Flags Scope
0 7 11 15 31
0RPT
8
 Group ID—The Group ID field contains 112 bits. It uniquely identifies an IPv6 multicast
group in the scope that the Scope field defines.
Ethernet multicast MAC addresses
•
IPv4 multicast MAC addresses:
As defined by IANA, the most significant 24 bits of an IPv4 multicast MAC address are
0x01005E. Bit 25 is 0, and the other 23 bits are the least significant 23 bits of an IPv4 multicast
address.
Figure 6 IPv4-to-MAC address mapping
The most significant four bits of an IPv4 multicast address are fixed at 1110. In an IPv4-to-MAC
address mapping, five bits of the IPv4 multicast address are lost. As a result, 32 IPv4 multicast
addresses are mapped to the same IPv4 multicast MAC address. A device might receive
unwanted multicast data at Layer 2 processing, which needs to be filtered by the upper layer.
•
IPv6 multicast MAC addresses:
As defined by IANA, the most significant 16 bits of an IPv6 multicast MAC address are 0x3333.
The least significant 32 bits are mapped from the least significant 32 bits of an IPv6 multicast
address. Therefore, the problem of duplicate IPv6-to-MAC address mapping also arises like
IPv4-to-MAC address mapping.
Figure 7 IPv6-to-MAC address mapping
IMPORTANT:
Because of the duplicate mapping from
multicast IP address to multicast MAC address
, the device
might
inadvertently send multicast protocol packets
as multicast data in Layer 2 forwarding. To avoid
this, do not use the IP multicast addresses that are mapped to multicast MAC addresses
0100-5E00-00xx and 3333-0000-00xx (where "x" represents any hexadecimal number from 0 to F).
Multicast protocols
Multicast protocols include the following categories:
XXXX X
XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX
1110 XXXX
0XXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX
0000 0001 0000 0000 0101 1110
32-bit IPv4 address
48-bit MAC address
5 bits lost
25-bit MAC address prefix
…23 bits
mapped …
FF1E 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 F30E0101
0101
a
F30E
48-bit MAC address 3333
32 bits
mapped
128-bit IPv6 address
… …
16-bit MAC
address prefix
9
•
Layer 3 and Layer 2 multicast protocols:
ï‚¡ Layer 3 multicast refers to IP multicast operating at the network layer.
Layer 3 multicast protocols—IGMP, MLD, PIM, IPv6 PIM, MSDP, MBGP, and IPv6
MBGP.
ï‚¡ Layer 2 multicast refers to IP multicast operating at the data link layer.
Layer 2 multicast protocols—IGMP snooping, MLD snooping, PIM snooping, IPv6 PIM
snooping, multicast VLAN, and IPv6 multicast VLAN.
•
IPv4 and IPv6 multicast protocols:
 For IPv4 networks—IGMP snooping, PIM snooping, multicast VLAN, IGMP, PIM, MSDP,
and MBGP.
 For IPv6 networks—MLD snooping, IPv6 PIM snooping, IPv6 multicast VLAN, MLD, IPv6
PIM, and IPv6 MBGP.
This section provides only general descriptions about applications and functions of the Layer 2 and
Layer 3 multicast protocols in a network. For more information about these protocols, see the related
chapters.
Layer 3 multicast protocols
In Figure 8, Layer 3 multicast protocols include multicast group management protocols and multicast
routing protocols.
Figure 8 Positions of Layer 3 multicast protocols
•
Multicast group management protocols:
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol
are multicast group management protocols. Typically, they run between hosts and Layer 3
multicast devices that directly connect to the hosts to establish and maintain multicast group
memberships.
•
Multicast routing protocols:
A multicast routing protocol runs on Layer 3 multicast devices to establish and maintain
multicast routes and correctly and efficiently forward multicast packets. Multicast routes
constitute loop-free data transmission paths (also known as multicast distribution trees) from a
data source to multiple receivers.
In the ASM model, multicast routes include intra-domain routes and inter-domain routes.
ï‚¡ An intra-domain multicast routing protocol discovers multicast sources and builds multicast
distribution trees within an AS to deliver multicast data to receivers. Among a variety of
AS 1 AS 2
Source
Receiver Receiver
Receiver
PIM/IPv6 PIM PIM/IPv6 PIM
MBGP/MSDP
IPv6 MBGP
IGMP/MLD IGMP/MLD
IGMP/MLD
/