Aruba IP Multicast Configuration Guide

HPE FlexFabric 5940 & 5930 Switch Series

IP Multicast Configuration Guide

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art number: 5200-4866c

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version: Release 2609 and later

Document version: 6W103-20200310

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Contents

Multicast overview ························································································· 1

Introduction to multicast ····································································································································· 1

Information transmission techniques ·········································································································· 1

Multicast features ······································································································································· 3

Common notations in multicast ·················································································································· 4

Multicast benefits and applications ············································································································ 4

Multicast models ················································································································································ 4

IP multicast architecture ····································································································································· 5

Multicast addresses ··································································································································· 5

Multicast protocols ····································································································································· 8

Multicast packet forwarding mechanism ·········································································································· 11

Multicast support for VPNs······························································································································· 11

Introduction to VPN instances ·················································································································· 11

Multicast application in VPNs ··················································································································· 12

Configuring IGMP snooping ········································································· 13

Overview ·························································································································································· 13

IGMP snooping ports ······························································································································· 13

How IGMP snooping works ······················································································································ 15

IGMP snooping proxying ·························································································································· 16

Protocols and standards ·························································································································· 17

IGMP snooping configuration task list ·············································································································· 17

IGMP snooping configuration task list for VLANs ···················································································· 17

IGMP configuration task list for VSIs········································································································ 18

Configuring basic IGMP snooping features ····································································································· 19

Enabling IGMP snooping ························································································································· 19

Specifying an IGMP snooping version ····································································································· 20

Setting the maximum number of IGMP snooping forwarding entries ······················································· 21

Configuring static multicast MAC address entries ···················································································· 21

Setting the IGMP last member query interval ·························································································· 22

Configuring IGMP snooping port features ········································································································ 23

Setting aging timers for dynamic ports ····································································································· 23

Configuring static ports ···························································································································· 24

Configuring a port as a simulated member host ······················································································ 24

Enabling fast-leave processing ················································································································ 25

Disabling a port from becoming a dynamic router port ············································································ 25

Configuring the IGMP snooping querier ··········································································································· 26

Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 26

Enabling the IGMP snooping querier ······································································································· 26

Enabling IGMP snooping querier election ································································································ 27

Configuring parameters for IGMP general queries and responses ·························································· 28

Specifying the Layer 2 multicast forwarding mode··························································································· 28

Enabling IGMP snooping proxying ··················································································································· 29

Configuring parameters for IGMP messages ··································································································· 29

Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 30

Configuring source IP addresses for IGMP messages ············································································ 30

Setting the 802.1p priority for IGMP messages ······················································································· 31

Configuring IGMP snooping policies ················································································································ 32

Configuring a multicast group policy ········································································································ 32

Enabling multicast source port filtering ···································································································· 33

Enabling dropping unknown multicast data ······························································································ 34

Enabling IGMP report suppression ·········································································································· 34

Setting the maximum number of multicast groups on a port ···································································· 34

Enabling multicast group replacement ····································································································· 35

Enabling host tracking ······························································································································ 35

Configuring an IGMP snooping user access control policy ······································································ 36

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IGMP snooping protocol packets ·························································· 36

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Displaying and maintaining IGMP snooping ···································································································· 37

IGMP snooping configuration examples ·········································································································· 38

Group policy and simulated joining configuration example(for VLANs) ··················································· 38

Static port configuration example (for VLANs) ························································································· 40

IGMP snooping querier configuration example (for VLANs) ···································································· 42

IGMP snooping proxying configuration example (for VLANs) ·································································· 45

IGMP snooping configuration example (for VSIs) ···················································································· 47

IGMP snooping configuration example (for VXLANs) ·············································································· 53

Troubleshooting IGMP snooping ····················································································································· 57

Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function ··························································································· 57

Multicast group policy does not work ······································································································· 58

Configuring PIM snooping ············································································ 59

Overview ·························································································································································· 59

Configuring PIM snooping ································································································································ 60

Displaying and maintaining PIM snooping ······································································································· 61

PIM snooping configuration example ··············································································································· 61

Network requirements ······························································································································ 61

Configuration procedure ··························································································································· 62

Verifying the configuration ························································································································ 64

Troubleshooting PIM snooping ························································································································ 65

PIM snooping does not work on a Layer 2 device ··················································································· 65

Configuring multicast VLANs ······································································· 66

Overview ·························································································································································· 66

Multicast VLAN configuration task list ·············································································································· 68

Configuring a sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN ······························································································ 68

Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 68

Configuration restrictions and guidelines ································································································· 68

Configuration procedure ··························································································································· 69

Configuring a port-based multicast VLAN ········································································································ 69

Configuration prerequisites ······················································································································ 69

Configuring user port attributes ················································································································ 69

Assigning user ports to a multicast VLAN ································································································ 70

Setting the maximum number of multicast VLAN forwarding entries ······························································· 70

Displaying and maintaining multicast VLANs ··································································································· 71

Multicast VLAN configuration examples ·········································································································· 71

Sub-VLAN-based multicast VLAN configuration example ······································································· 71

Port-based multicast VLAN configuration example ·················································································· 74

Configuring multicast routing and forwarding ··············································· 78

Overview ·························································································································································· 78

RPF check mechanism ···························································································································· 78

Static multicast routes ······························································································································ 80

Multicast forwarding across unicast subnets ···························································································· 81

Mtrace ······················································································································································ 82

Multicast routing and forwarding configuration task list ··················································································· 83

Enabling IP multicast routing···························································································································· 83

Configuring multicast routing and forwarding ··································································································· 83

Configuring static multicast routes ··········································································································· 83

Specifying the longest prefix match principle ··························································································· 84

Configuring multicast load splitting··········································································································· 84

Configuring a multicast forwarding boundary ··························································································· 85

Enabling multicast forwarding between sub-VLANs of a super VLAN ····························································· 85

Using mtrace to trace a multicast path ············································································································· 86

Using mtrace1 to trace a multicast path ··································································································· 86

Using mtrace2 to trace a multicast path ··································································································· 86

Setting the maximum number of cached unknown multicast packets······························································ 86

Displaying and maintaining multicast routing and forwarding ·········································································· 87

Multicast routing and forwarding configuration examples ················································································ 88

Changing an RPF route ··························································································································· 88

Creating an RPF route ····························································································································· 90

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Multicast forwarding over a GRE tunnel ··································································································· 92

Troubleshooting multicast routing and forwarding ··························································································· 95

Static multicast route failure ····················································································································· 95

Configuring IGMP ························································································ 96

Overview ·························································································································································· 96

IGMPv1 overview ····································································································································· 96

IGMPv2 enhancements ···························································································································· 97

IGMPv3 enhancements ···························································································································· 98

IGMP SSM mapping ································································································································ 99

IGMP proxying ······································································································································· 100

IGMP support for VPNs ·························································································································· 101

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 101

IGMP configuration task list ··························································································································· 102

Configuring basic IGMP features ··················································································································· 102

Enabling IGMP ······································································································································· 102

Specifying an IGMP version ··················································································································· 103

Configuring a static group member ········································································································ 103

Configuring a multicast group policy ······································································································ 103

Adjusting IGMP performance ························································································································· 104

Configuring IGMP query and response parameters ··············································································· 104

Enabling fast-leave processing ·············································································································· 106

Configuring IGMP SSM mappings ················································································································· 107

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 107

Configuration procedure ························································································································· 107

Configuring IGMP proxying ···························································································································· 107

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 107

Enabling IGMP proxying ························································································································ 107

Enabling multicast forwarding on a non-querier interface ······································································ 108

Configuring multicast load splitting on an IGMP proxy··········································································· 108

Enabling IGMP NSR ······································································································································ 109

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IGMP protocol packets ········································································ 109

Displaying and maintaining IGMP ·················································································································· 109

IGMP configuration examples ························································································································ 110

Basic IGMP features configuration example ·························································································· 110

IGMP SSM mapping configuration example ·························································································· 112

IGMP proxying configuration example ··································································································· 115

Troubleshooting IGMP ··································································································································· 117

No membership information on the receiver-side router ········································································ 117

Inconsistent membership information on the routers on the same subnet············································· 117

Configuring PIM ························································································· 118

Overview ························································································································································ 118

PIM-DM overview ··································································································································· 118

PIM-SM overview ··································································································································· 120

BIDIR-PIM overview ······························································································································· 126

Administrative scoping overview ············································································································ 129

PIM-SSM overview ································································································································· 131

Relationship among PIM protocols ········································································································ 132

PIM support for VPNs ···························································································································· 133

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 133

Configuring PIM-DM······································································································································· 133

PIM-DM configuration task list ··············································································································· 134

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 134

Enabling PIM-DM ··································································································································· 134

Enabling the state refresh feature ·········································································································· 134

Configuring state refresh parameters ····································································································· 135

Configuring the PIM-DM graft retry timer ······························································································· 135

Configuring PIM-SM ······································································································································· 136

PIM-SM configuration task list················································································································ 136

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 136

Enabling PIM-SM ··································································································································· 136

iv

Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 137

Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 139

Configuring multicast source registration ······························································································· 141

Configuring the switchover to SPT ········································································································· 142

Configuring BIDIR-PIM··································································································································· 142

BIDIR-PIM configuration task list ··········································································································· 142

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 143

Enabling BIDIR-PIM ······························································································································· 143

Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 143

Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 145

Configuring PIM-SSM ···································································································································· 148

PIM-SSM configuration task list ············································································································· 148

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 148

Enabling PIM-SM ··································································································································· 148

Configuring the SSM group range ·········································································································· 148

Configuring common PIM features················································································································· 149

Configuration task list ····························································································································· 149

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 149

Configuring a multicast source policy ····································································································· 149

Configuring a PIM hello policy················································································································ 150

Configuring PIM hello message options ································································································· 150

Configuring common PIM timers ············································································································ 152

Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message ·········································································· 153

Enabling BFD for PIM ···························································································································· 153

Enabling PIM passive mode ··················································································································· 154

Enabling PIM NSR ································································································································· 154

Enabling SNMP notifications for PIM ····································································································· 154

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing PIM protocol packets ··································································· 155

Displaying and maintaining PIM ····················································································································· 155

PIM configuration examples ··························································································································· 156

PIM-DM configuration example ·············································································································· 156

PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example ················································································· 159

PIM-SM admin-scoped zone configuration example·············································································· 162

BIDIR-PIM configuration example ·········································································································· 167

PIM-SSM configuration example············································································································ 171

Troubleshooting PIM ······································································································································ 173

A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built ············································································· 173

Multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router························································ 174

An RP cannot join an SPT in PIM-SM ···································································································· 174

An RPT cannot be built or multicast source registration fails in PIM-SM ··············································· 175

Configuring MSDP ····················································································· 176

Overview ························································································································································ 176

How MSDP works ·································································································································· 176

MSDP support for VPNs ························································································································ 181

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 181

MSDP configuration task list ·························································································································· 182

Configuring basic MSDP features ·················································································································· 182

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 182

Enabling MSDP ······································································································································ 182

Specifying an MSDP peer ······················································································································ 183

Configuring a static RPF peer ················································································································ 183

Configuring an MSDP peering connection ····································································································· 183

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 183

Configuring a description for an MSDP peer ·························································································· 184

Configuring an MSDP mesh group ········································································································ 184

Controlling MSDP peering connections ································································································· 184

Configuring SA message-related parameters ································································································ 185

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 185

Enabling multicast data encapsulation in SA messages ········································································ 185

Configuring the originating RP of SA messages ···················································································· 186

Configuring SA request messages ········································································································· 186

v

Configuring SA message policies ·········································································································· 187

Configuring the SA cache mechanism ··································································································· 188

Enabling MSDP NSR ····································································································································· 188

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing MSDP protocol packets ······································································· 188

Displaying and maintaining MSDP ················································································································· 189

MSDP configuration examples ······················································································································· 189

PIM-SM inter-domain multicast configuration ························································································ 189

Inter-AS multicast configuration by leveraging static RPF peers ··························································· 194

Anycast RP configuration ······················································································································· 198

SA message filtering configuration ········································································································· 202

Troubleshooting MSDP ·································································································································· 205

MSDP peers stay in disabled state ········································································································ 206

No SA entries exist in the router's SA message cache ·········································································· 206

No exchange of locally registered (S, G) entries between RPs ····························································· 207

Configuring multicast VPN ········································································· 208

Overview ························································································································································ 208

MVPN overview ······································································································································ 209

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 211

How MVPN works ·········································································································································· 211

Default-MDT establishment ···················································································································· 211

Default-MDT-based delivery ·················································································································· 214

MDT switchover ····································································································································· 217

Inter-AS MVPN ······································································································································· 218

M6VPE ··················································································································································· 221

Multicast VPN configuration task list ·············································································································· 222

Configuring MVPN ········································································································································· 223

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 223

Enabling IP multicast routing for a VPN instance ··················································································· 223

Creating an MVPN for a VPN instance ·································································································· 224

Creating an MVPN address family ········································································································· 224

Specifying the default-group ·················································································································· 224

Specifying the MVPN source interface··································································································· 225

Configuring MDT switchover parameters ······························································································· 226

Configuring the RPF vector feature ········································································································ 226

Enabling data-group reuse logging ········································································································ 227

Configuring BGP MDT ··································································································································· 227

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 227

Configuring BGP MDT peers or peer groups ························································································· 228

Configuring a BGP MDT route reflector ································································································· 228

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing multicast VPN protocol packets··························································· 229

Displaying and maintaining multicast VPN····································································································· 229

Multicast VPN configuration examples··········································································································· 230

Intra-AS MVPN configuration example ·································································································· 230

Intra-AS M6VPE configuration example ································································································· 244

MVPN inter-AS option B configuration example ···················································································· 259

MVPN inter-AS option C configuration example ···················································································· 273

Troubleshooting MVPN ·································································································································· 286

A default-MDT cannot be established ···································································································· 286

An MVRF cannot be created ·················································································································· 286

Configuring MLD snooping ········································································ 288

Overview ························································································································································ 288

MLD snooping ports ······························································································································· 288

How MLD snooping works ····················································································································· 290

MLD snooping proxying ························································································································· 291

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 292

MLD snooping configuration task list ············································································································· 292

MLD snooping configuration task list for VLANs ···················································································· 292

MLD snooping configuration task list for VSIs························································································ 293

Configuring basic MLD snooping features ····································································································· 294

Enabling MLD snooping ························································································································· 294

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Specifying an MLD snooping version ····································································································· 295

Setting the maximum number of MLD snooping forwarding entries ······················································ 296

Configuring static IPv6 multicast MAC address entries ········································································· 296

Setting the MLD last listener query interval ···························································································· 297

Configuring MLD snooping port features ······································································································· 298

Setting aging timers for dynamic ports ··································································································· 298

Configuring static ports ·························································································································· 299

Configuring a port as a simulated member host ···················································································· 299

Enabling fast-leave processing ·············································································································· 300

Disabling a port from becoming a dynamic router port ·········································································· 300

Configuring the MLD snooping querier ·········································································································· 301

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 301

Enabling the MLD snooping querier ······································································································· 301

Enabling MLD snooping querier election ······························································································· 302

Configuring parameters for MLD general queries and responses ························································· 303

Specifying the Layer 2 IPv6 multicast forwarding mode ················································································ 304

Enabling MLD snooping proxying ·················································································································· 304

Configuring parameters for MLD messages ·································································································· 305

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 305

Configuring source IPv6 addresses for MLD messages ········································································ 305

Setting the 802.1p priority for MLD messages ······················································································· 307

Configuring MLD snooping policies················································································································ 308

Configuring an IPv6 multicast group policy ···························································································· 308

Enabling IPv6 multicast source port filtering ·························································································· 308

Enabling dropping unknown IPv6 multicast data ··················································································· 309

Enabling MLD report suppression ·········································································································· 309

Setting the maximum number of IPv6 multicast groups on a port ·························································· 310

Enabling IPv6 multicast group replacement ··························································································· 310

Enabling host tracking ···························································································································· 311

Configuring an MLD snooping user access control policy ····································································· 311

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing MLD snooping protocol packets ·························································· 312

Displaying and maintaining MLD snooping ···································································································· 312

MLD snooping configuration examples ·········································································································· 313

IPv6 group policy and simulated joining configuration example (for VLANs) ········································· 313

Static port configuration example (for VLANs) ······················································································· 315

MLD snooping querier configuration example (for VLANs) ···································································· 318

MLD snooping proxying configuration example (for VLANs) ································································· 320

MLD snooping configuration example (for VSIs)···················································································· 322

MLD snooping configuration example (for VXLANs)·············································································· 328

Troubleshooting MLD snooping ····················································································································· 333

Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function ························································································· 333

IPv6 multicast group policy does not work ····························································································· 334

Configuring IPv6 PIM snooping ································································· 335

Overview ························································································································································ 335

Configuring IPv6 PIM snooping······················································································································ 336

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM snooping ····························································································· 337

IPv6 PIM snooping configuration example ····································································································· 337

Network requirements ···························································································································· 337

Configuration procedure ························································································································· 338

Verifying the configuration ······················································································································ 340

Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM snooping ·············································································································· 341

IPv6 PIM snooping does not work on a Layer 2 device ········································································· 341

Configuring IPv6 multicast VLANs ····························································· 342

Overview ························································································································································ 342

IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration task list ···································································································· 344

Configuring a sub-VLAN-based IPv6 multicast VLAN ··················································································· 344

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 344

Configuration restrictions and guidelines ······························································································· 344

Configuration procedure ························································································································· 344

Configuring a port-based IPv6 multicast VLAN ······························································································ 345

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Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 345

Configuring user port attributes ·············································································································· 345

Assigning user ports to an IPv6 multicast VLAN ···················································································· 345

Setting the maximum number of IPv6 multicast VLAN forwarding entries ····················································· 346

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 multicast VLANs························································································· 347

IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration examples ································································································ 347

Sub-VLAN-based IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration example ····························································· 347

Port-based IPv6 multicast VLAN configuration example········································································ 350

Configuring IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding ····································· 354

Overview ························································································································································ 354

RPF check mechanism ·························································································································· 354

IPv6 multicast forwarding across IPv6 unicast subnets ········································································· 356

IPv6 mtrace ············································································································································ 356

IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding configuration task list ········································································· 357

Enabling IPv6 multicast routing ······················································································································ 357

Configuring IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding························································································· 357

Specifying the longest prefix match principle ························································································· 357

Configuring IPv6 multicast load splitting ································································································ 358

Configuring an IPv6 multicast forwarding boundary··············································································· 358

Enabling IPv6 multicast forwarding between sub-VLANs of a super VLAN ··········································· 358

Using mtrace2 to trace an IPv6 multicast path······························································································· 359

Setting the maximum number of cached unknown IPv6 multicast packets ··················································· 359

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding ································································ 360

IPv6 multicast forwarding over a GRE tunnel configuration example ···························································· 361

Configuring MLD ························································································ 365

Overview ························································································································································ 365

How MLDv1 works ································································································································· 365

MLDv2 enhancements ··························································································································· 367

MLD SSM mapping ································································································································ 368

MLD proxying ········································································································································· 369

MLD support for VPNs ··························································································································· 369

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 369

MLD configuration task list ····························································································································· 370

Configuring basic MLD features ····················································································································· 370

Enabling MLD ········································································································································· 370

Specifying an MLD version ···················································································································· 371

Configuring a static group member ········································································································ 371

Configuring an IPv6 multicast group policy ···························································································· 371

Adjusting MLD performance··························································································································· 372

Configuring MLD query and response parameters ················································································ 372

Enabling fast-leave processing ·············································································································· 374

Configuring MLD SSM mappings ··················································································································· 374

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 375

Configuration procedure ························································································································· 375

Configuring MLD proxying······························································································································ 375

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 375

Enabling MLD proxying ·························································································································· 375

Enabling IPv6 multicast forwarding on a non-querier interface ······························································ 376

Configuring IPv6 multicast load splitting on an MLD proxy ···································································· 376

Enabling MLD NSR ········································································································································ 377

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing MLD protocol packets ········································································· 377

Displaying and maintaining MLD···················································································································· 377

MLD configuration examples·························································································································· 378

Basic MLD features configuration examples ·························································································· 378

MLD SSM mapping configuration example ···························································································· 380

MLD proxying configuration example ····································································································· 383

Troubleshooting MLD ····································································································································· 384

No member information exists on the receiver-side router ···································································· 384

Inconsistent membership information on the routers on the same subnet············································· 385

viii

Configuring IPv6 PIM ················································································· 386

Overview ························································································································································ 386

IPv6 PIM-DM overview ··························································································································· 386

IPv6 PIM-SM overview ··························································································································· 388

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM overview ······················································································································· 394

IPv6 administrative scoping overview ···································································································· 397

IPv6 PIM-SSM overview ························································································································ 399

Relationship among IPv6 PIM protocols ································································································ 400

IPv6 PIM support for VPNs ···················································································································· 401

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 401

Configuring IPv6 PIM-DM ······························································································································ 401

IPv6 PIM-DM configuration task list ······································································································· 402

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 402

Enabling IPv6 PIM-DM ··························································································································· 402

Enabling the state refresh feature ·········································································································· 402

Configuring state refresh parameters ····································································································· 403

Configuring the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer ······················································································· 403

Configuring IPv6 PIM-SM······························································································································· 404

IPv6 PIM-SM configuration task list ······································································································· 404

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 404

Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM ··························································································································· 404

Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 405

Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 407

Configuring IPv6 multicast source registration ······················································································· 409

Configuring the switchover to SPT ········································································································· 410

Configuring IPv6 BIDIR-PIM ·························································································································· 410

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration task list ··································································································· 410

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 411

Enabling IPv6 BIDIR-PIM ······················································································································· 411

Configuring an RP ·································································································································· 411

Configuring a BSR ································································································································· 413

Configuring IPv6 PIM-SSM ···························································································································· 415

IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration task list ····································································································· 415

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 416

Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM ··························································································································· 416

Configuring the IPv6 SSM group range ································································································· 416

Configuring common IPv6 PIM features ········································································································ 417

Configuration task list ····························································································································· 417

Configuration prerequisites ···················································································································· 417

Configuring an IPv6 multicast source policy ·························································································· 417

Configuring an IPv6 PIM hello policy ····································································································· 418

Configuring IPv6 PIM hello message options ························································································ 418

Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers ···································································································· 419

Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message ·········································································· 421

Enabling BFD for IPv6 PIM ···················································································································· 421

Enabling IPv6 PIM passive mode ·········································································································· 422

Enabling IPv6 PIM NSR ························································································································· 422

Enabling SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM ····························································································· 422

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IPv6 PIM protocol packets··························································· 423

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM············································································································· 423

IPv6 PIM configuration examples··················································································································· 424

IPv6 PIM-DM configuration example ······································································································ 424

IPv6 PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example ········································································· 427

IPv6 PIM-SM admin-scoped zone configuration example ····································································· 430

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration example ·································································································· 435

IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration example ··································································································· 440

Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM ······························································································································ 442

A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built ············································································· 442

IPv6 multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router ··············································· 443

An RP cannot join an SPT in IPv6 PIM-SM ··························································································· 443

An RPT cannot be built or IPv6 multicast source registration fails in IPv6 PIM-SM ······························· 443

ix

Document conventions and icons ······························································ 445

Conventions ··················································································································································· 445

Network topology icons ·································································································································· 446

Support and other resources ····································································· 447

Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support····························································································· 447

Accessing updates ········································································································································· 447

Websites ················································································································································ 448

Customer self repair ······························································································································· 448

Remote support ······································································································································ 448

Documentation feedback ······················································································································· 448

Index ·········································································································· 450

1

Multicast overview

Introduction to multicast

As a technique that coexists with unicast and broadcast, the multicast technique effectively

addresses the issue of point-to-multipoint data transmission. By enabling high-efficiency

point-to-multipoint data transmission over a network, multicast greatly saves network bandwidth and

reduces network load.

By using multicast technology, a network operator can easily provide bandwidth-critical and

time-critical information services. These services include live webcasting, Web TV, distance learning,

telemedicine, Web radio, and real-time video conferencing.

Information transmission techniques

The information transmission techniques include unicast, broadcast, and multicast.

Unicast

In unicast transmission, the information source must send a separate copy of information to each

host that needs the information.

Figure 1 Unicast transmission

In Figure 1, Host B, Host D, and Host E need the information. A separate transmission channel must

be established from the information source to each of these hosts.

In unicast transmission, the traffic transmitted over the network is proportional to the number of hosts

that need the information. If a large number of hosts need the information, the information source

must send a separate copy of the same information to each of these hosts. Sending many copies

can place a tremendous pressure on the information source and the network bandwidth.

Unicast is not suitable for batch transmission of information.

Source

Receiver

Host A

Host B

Host C

Host D

Host E

Packets for Host B

Packets for Host D

Packets for Host E

IP network

2

Broadcast

In broadcast transmission, the information source sends information to all hosts on the subnet, even

if some hosts do not need the information.

Figure 2 Broadcast transmission

In Figure 2, only Host B, Host D, and Host E need the information. If the information is broadcast to

the subnet, Host A and Host C also receive it. In addition to information security issues, broadcasting

to hosts that do not need the information also causes traffic flooding on the same subnet.

Broadcast is disadvantageous in transmitting data to specific hosts. Moreover, broadcast

transmission is a significant waste of network resources.

Multicast

Multicast provides point-to-multipoint data transmissions with the minimum network consumption.

When some hosts on the network need multicast information, the information sender, or multicast

source, sends only one copy of the information. Multicast distribution trees are built through multicast

routing protocols, and the packets are replicated only on nodes where the trees branch.

Source

Receiver

Host A

Host B

Host C

Host D

Host E

Packets for all hosts

A network segment

3

Figure 3 Multicast transmission

In Figure 3, the multicast source sends only one copy of the information to a multicast group. Host B,

Host D, and Host E, which are information receivers, must join the multicast group. The routers on

the network duplicate and forward the information based on the distribution of the group members.

Finally, the information is correctly delivered to Host B, Host D, and Host E.

To summarize, multicast has the following advantages:

•

Advantages over unicast—Multicast data is replicated and distributed until it flows to the

farthest-possible node from the source. The increase of receiver hosts will not remarkably

increase the load of the source or the usage of network resources.

•

Advantages over broadcast—Multicast data is sent only to the receivers that need it. This

saves network bandwidth and enhances network security. In addition, multicast data is not

confined to the same subnet.

Multicast features

•

A multicast group is a multicast receiver set identified by an IP multicast address. Hosts must

join a multicast group to become members of the multicast group before they receive the

multicast data addressed to that multicast group. Typically, a multicast source does not need to

join a multicast group.

•

A multicast source is an information sender. It can send data to multiple multicast groups at the

same time. Multiple multicast sources can send data to the same multicast group at the same

time.

•

The group memberships are dynamic. Hosts can join or leave multicast groups at any time.

Multicast groups are not subject to geographic restrictions.

•

Multicast routers or Layer 3 multicast devices are routers or Layer 3 switches that support Layer

3 multicast. They provide multicast routing and manage multicast group memberships on stub

subnets with attached group members. A multicast router itself can be a multicast group

member.

For a better understanding of the multicast concept, you can compare multicast transmission to the

transmission of TV programs.

Source

Receiver

Host A

Host B

Host C

Host D

Host E

Packets for the multicast group

IP network

4

Table 1 Comparing TV program transmission and multicast transmission

TV program transmission

Multicast transmission

A TV station transmits a TV program through a

channel. A multicast source sends multicast data to a multicast

group.

A user tunes the TV set to the channel. A receiver joins the multicast group.

The user starts to watch the TV program

transmitted by the TV station on the channel. The receiver starts to receive the multicast data sent by

the source to the multicast group.

The user turns off the TV set or tunes to another

channel. The receiver leaves the multicast group or joins another

group.

Common notations in multicast

The following notations are commonly used in multicast transmission:

•

(*, G)—Rendezvous point tree (RPT), or a multicast packet that any multicast source sends to

multicast group G. The asterisk (*) represents any multicast source, and "G" represents a

specific multicast group.

•

(S, G)—Shortest path tree (SPT), or a multicast packet that multicast source "S" sends to

multicast group "G." "S" represents a specific multicast source, and "G" represents a specific

multicast group.

For more information about the concepts RPT and SPT, see "Configuring PIM" and "Configuring

IPv6 PIM."

Multicast benefits and applications

Multicast benefits

•

Enhanced efficiency—Reduces the processor load of information source servers and network

devices.

•

Optimal performance—Reduces redundant traffic.

•

Distributed application—Enables point-to-multipoint applications at the price of minimum

network resources.

Multicast applications

•

Multimedia and streaming applications, such as Web TV, Web radio, and real-time video/audio

conferencing

•

Communication for training and cooperative operations, such as distance learning and

telemedicine

•

Data warehouse and financial applications (stock quotes)

•

Any other point-to-multipoint application for data distribution

Multicast models

Based on how the receivers treat the multicast sources, the multicast models include any-source

multicast (ASM), source-filtered multicast (SFM), and source-specific multicast (SSM).

ASM model

In the ASM model, any multicast sources can send information to a multicast group. Receivers can

join a multicast group and get multicast information addressed to that multicast group from any

5

multicast sources. In this model, receivers do not know the positions of the multicast sources in

advance.

SFM model

The SFM model is derived from the ASM model. To a multicast source, the two models appear to

have the same multicast membership architecture.

The SFM model functionally extends the ASM model. The upper-layer software checks the source

address of received multicast packets and permits or denies multicast traffic from specific sources.

The receivers obtain the multicast data from only part of the multicast sources. To a receiver,

multicast sources are not all valid, but are filtered.

SSM model

The SSM model provides a transmission service that enables multicast receivers to specify the

multicast sources in which they are interested.

In the SSM model, receivers have already determined the locations of the multicast sources. This is

the main difference between the SSM model and the ASM model. In addition, the SSM model uses a

different multicast address range than the ASM/SFM model. Dedicated multicast forwarding paths

are established between receivers and the specified multicast sources.

IP multicast architecture

IP multicast addresses the following issues:

•

Where should the multicast source transmit information to? (Multicast addressing.)

•

What receivers exist on the network? (Host registration.)

•

Where is the multicast source that will provide data to the receivers? (Multicast source

discovery.)

•

How is the information transmitted to the receivers? (Multicast routing.)

IP multicast is an end-to-end service. The multicast architecture involves the following parts:

•

Addressing mechanism—A multicast source sends information to a group of receivers

through a multicast address.

•

Host registration—Receiver hosts can join and leave multicast groups dynamically. This

mechanism is the basis for management of group memberships.

•

Multicast routing—A multicast distribution tree (a forwarding path tree for multicast data on the

network) is constructed for delivering multicast data from a multicast source to receivers.

•

Multicast applications—A software system that supports multicast applications, such as video

conferencing, must be installed on multicast sources and receiver hosts. The TCP/IP stack

must support reception and transmission of multicast data.

Multicast addresses

IP multicast addresses

•

IPv4 multicast addresses:

IANA assigned the Class D address block (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) to IPv4 multicast.

Table 2 Class D IP address blocks and description

Address block

Description

224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 Reserved permanent group addresses. The IP address 224.0.0.0

is reserved. Other IP addresses can be used by routing protocols

and for topology searching, protocol maintenance, and so on.

Table 3 lists common permanent group addresses. A packet

6

Address block

Description

destined for an address in this block will not be forwarded beyond

the local subnet regardless of the TTL value in the IP header.

224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255

Globally scoped group addresses. This block includes the

following types of designated group addresses:

• 232.0.0.0/8—SSM group addresses.

• 233.0.0.0/8—Glop group addresses.

239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

Administratively scoped multicast addresses. These addresses

are considered locally unique rather than globally unique. You can

reuse them in domains administered by different organizations

without causing conflicts. For more information, see RFC 2365.

NOTE:

Glop is a mechanism for assigning multicast addresses between different ASs. By filling an AS

number into the middle two bytes of 233.0.0.0, you get 255 multicast addresses for that AS. For more

information, see RFC 2770.

Table 3 Common permanent multicast group addresses

Address

Description

224.0.0.1 All systems on this subnet, including hosts and routers.

224.0.0.2 All multicast routers on this subnet.

224.0.0.3 Unassigned.

224.0.0.4 DVMRP routers.

224.0.0.5 OSPF routers.

224.0.0.6 OSPF designated routers and backup designated routers.

224.0.0.7 Shared Tree (ST) routers.

224.0.0.8 ST hosts.

224.0.0.9 RIPv2 routers.

224.0.0.11 Mobile agents.

224.0.0.12 DHCP server/relay agent.

224.0.0.13 All Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) routers.

224.0.0.14 RSVP encapsulation.

224.0.0.15 All Core-Based Tree (CBT) routers.

224.0.0.16 Designated SBM.

224.0.0.17 All SBMs.

224.0.0.18 VRRP.

•

IPv6 multicast addresses:

7

Figure 4 IPv6 multicast format

The following describes the fields of an IPv6 multicast address:

 0xFF—The most significant eight bits are 11111111.

 Flags—The Flags field contains four bits.

Figure 5 Flags field format

Table 4 Flags field description

Bit

Description

0 Reserved, set to 0.

R

• When set to 0, this address is an IPv6 multicast address

without an embedded RP address.

• When set to 1, this address is an IPv6 multicast address with

an embedded RP address. (The P and T bits must also be set

to 1.)

P

• When set to 0, this address is an IPv6 multicast address not

based on a unicast prefix.

• When set to 1, this address is an IPv6 multicast address

based on a unicast prefix. (The T bit must also be set to 1.)

T

• When set to 0, this address is an IPv6 multicast address

permanently-assigned by IANA.

• When set to 1, this address is a transient or dynamically

assigned IPv6 multicast address.

 Scope—The Scope field contains four bits, which represent the scope of the IPv6

internetwork for which the multicast traffic is intended.

Table 5 Values of the Scope field

Value

Meaning

0, F Reserved.

1 Interface-local scope.

2 Link-local scope.

3 Subnet-local scope.

4 Admin-local scope.

5 Site-local scope.

6, 7, 9 through D Unassigned.

8 Organization-local scope.

E Global scope.

Group ID (112 bits)

0xFF Flags Scope

0 7 11 15 31

0RPT

8

 Group ID—The Group ID field contains 112 bits. It uniquely identifies an IPv6 multicast

group in the scope that the Scope field defines.

Ethernet multicast MAC addresses

•

IPv4 multicast MAC addresses:

As defined by IANA, the most significant 24 bits of an IPv4 multicast MAC address are

0x01005E. Bit 25 is 0, and the other 23 bits are the least significant 23 bits of an IPv4 multicast

address.

Figure 6 IPv4-to-MAC address mapping

The most significant four bits of an IPv4 multicast address are fixed at 1110. In an IPv4-to-MAC

address mapping, five bits of the IPv4 multicast address are lost. As a result, 32 IPv4 multicast

addresses are mapped to the same IPv4 multicast MAC address. A device might receive

unwanted multicast data at Layer 2 processing, which needs to be filtered by the upper layer.

•

IPv6 multicast MAC addresses:

As defined by IANA, the most significant 16 bits of an IPv6 multicast MAC address are 0x3333.

The least significant 32 bits are mapped from the least significant 32 bits of an IPv6 multicast

address. Therefore, the problem of duplicate IPv6-to-MAC address mapping also arises like

IPv4-to-MAC address mapping.

Figure 7 IPv6-to-MAC address mapping

IMPORTANT:

Because of the duplicate mapping from

multicast IP address to multicast MAC address

, the device

might

inadvertently send multicast protocol packets

as multicast data in Layer 2 forwarding. To avoid

this, do not use the IP multicast addresses that are mapped to multicast MAC addresses

0100-5E00-00xx and 3333-0000-00xx (where "x" represents any hexadecimal number from 0 to F).

Multicast protocols

Multicast protocols include the following categories:

XXXX X

XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX

1110 XXXX

0XXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX

0000 0001 0000 0000 0101 1110

32-bit IPv4 address

48-bit MAC address

5 bits lost

25-bit MAC address prefix

…23 bits

mapped …

FF1E 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 F30E0101

0101

a

F30E

48-bit MAC address 3333

32 bits

mapped

128-bit IPv6 address

… …

16-bit MAC

address prefix

9

•

Layer 3 and Layer 2 multicast protocols:

 Layer 3 multicast refers to IP multicast operating at the network layer.

Layer 3 multicast protocols—IGMP, MLD, PIM, IPv6 PIM, MSDP, MBGP, and IPv6

MBGP.

 Layer 2 multicast refers to IP multicast operating at the data link layer.

Layer 2 multicast protocols—IGMP snooping, MLD snooping, PIM snooping, IPv6 PIM

snooping, multicast VLAN, and IPv6 multicast VLAN.

•

IPv4 and IPv6 multicast protocols:

 For IPv4 networks—IGMP snooping, PIM snooping, multicast VLAN, IGMP, PIM, MSDP,

and MBGP.

 For IPv6 networks—MLD snooping, IPv6 PIM snooping, IPv6 multicast VLAN, MLD, IPv6

PIM, and IPv6 MBGP.

This section provides only general descriptions about applications and functions of the Layer 2 and

Layer 3 multicast protocols in a network. For more information about these protocols, see the related

chapters.

Layer 3 multicast protocols

In Figure 8, Layer 3 multicast protocols include multicast group management protocols and multicast

routing protocols.

Figure 8 Positions of Layer 3 multicast protocols

•

Multicast group management protocols:

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol

are multicast group management protocols. Typically, they run between hosts and Layer 3

multicast devices that directly connect to the hosts to establish and maintain multicast group

memberships.

•

Multicast routing protocols:

A multicast routing protocol runs on Layer 3 multicast devices to establish and maintain

multicast routes and correctly and efficiently forward multicast packets. Multicast routes

constitute loop-free data transmission paths (also known as multicast distribution trees) from a

data source to multiple receivers.

In the ASM model, multicast routes include intra-domain routes and inter-domain routes.

 An intra-domain multicast routing protocol discovers multicast sources and builds multicast

distribution trees within an AS to deliver multicast data to receivers. Among a variety of

AS 1 AS 2

Source

Receiver Receiver

Receiver

PIM/IPv6 PIM PIM/IPv6 PIM

MBGP/MSDP

IPv6 MBGP

IGMP/MLD IGMP/MLD

IGMP/MLD

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Aruba IP Multicast Configuration Guide

Aruba IP Multicast Configuration Guide

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