Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router Multicast
Configuration Guide, Release 5.3.x
First Published: 2015-01-15
Last Modified: 2015-09-01
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CONTENTS
Preface xiii
PREFACE
Changes to This Document xiii
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request xiii
New and Changed Multicast Features 1
CHAPTER 1
New and Changed Multicast Features 1
Implementing Layer-2 Multicast with IGMP Snooping 3
CHAPTER 2
Prerequisites for IGMP Snooping 3
Restrictions for IGMP Snooping 4
Information About IGMP Snooping 4
IGMP Snooping Overview 4
Description of Basic Functions 4
High Availability Features 5
Bridge Domain Support 5
Multicast Router and Host Ports 5
Multicast Router Discovery and Static Configuration 5
Multicast Traffic Handling within a Bridge Domain with IGMP Snooping Enabled 6
Multichassis Link Aggregation 7
Bidirectional Internet Group Management Protocol Snoop Synchronization for Satellite Dual-Homed
System 7
Restrictions 8
Information About IGMP Snooping Configuration Profiles 8
Creating Profiles 9
Attaching and Detaching Profiles 9
Changing Profiles 9
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Configuring Access Control 9
Default IGMP Snooping Configuration Settings 11
IGMP Snooping Configuration at the Bridge Domain Level 12
IGMP Minimum Version 12
System IP Address 12
Group Membership Interval, Robustness Variable, and Query Interval 12
Report Suppression (IGMPv2) and Proxy Reporting (IGMPv3) 13
Group Leave Processing 13
Reaction to Topology Change Notifications 14
IGMP Snooping Packet Checks 15
Startup Query Configuration 16
IGMP Snooping Configuration at the Host Port Level 16
Router Guard and Static Mrouter 16
Immediate-Leave 17
Static Groups 17
Internal Querier 17
When to Use an Internal Querier 17
Internal Querier Default Configuration 18
Internal Querier Processing 18
Querier Election for One Active Querier 19
Internal Querier Reaction to TCNs 19
How to Configure IGMP Snooping 19
Creating an IGMP Snooping Profile 20
Where to Go Next 21
Attaching a Profile and Activating IGMP Snooping on a Bridge Domain 21
Detaching a Profile and Deactivating IGMP Snooping on a Bridge Domain 22
Attaching and Detaching Profiles to Ports Under a Bridge 24
Adding Static Mrouter Configuration to a Profile 25
Where to Go Next 26
Adding Router Guard to a Profile 26
Where to Go Next 27
Configuring Immediate-Leave 27
Where to Go Next 28
Configuring Static Groups 28
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Where to Go Next 29
Configuring an Internal Querier 30
Where to Go Next 31
Verifying Multicast Forwarding 31
Configuring Group Limits 31
Configuring route-policy 31
Configuring group limit 32
Configuring access-groups 33
Configuration Examples for IGMP Snooping 34
Configuring IGMP Snooping on Physical Interfaces Under a Bridge: Example 34
Configuring IGMP Snooping on VLAN Interfaces Under a Bridge: Example 35
Configuring IGMP Snooping on Ethernet Bundles Under a Bridge: Example 35
Configuring IGMP Snooping on VFIs Under a Bridge: Example 37
Configuring IGMP access-groups 40
Configuring IGMP Snooping over MCLAG: Example 40
Case 1: Downstream MCLAG 40
Case 2 : Upstream MCLAG 46
Additional References 52
Implementing MLD Snooping 55
CHAPTER 3
MLD Snooping 55
Prerequisites for MLD Snooping 56
Restrictions for MLD Snooping 56
Advantages of MLD Snooping 56
High Availability (HA) features for MLD 57
Bridge Domain Support for MLD 57
Multicast Router and Host Ports 57
Multicast Router Discovery for MLD 57
Multicast Traffic Handling for MLD 58
Creating a MLD Snooping Profile 59
Activating MLD Snooping on a Bridge Domain 60
Deactivating MLD Snooping on a Bridge Domain 61
Configuring Static Mrouter Ports (MLD) 62
Configuring Router Guard (MLD) 63
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Configuring Immediate-leave for MLD 64
Configuring Internal Querier for MLD 65
Configuring Static Groups for MLD 66
Configuring MLD Snooping 67
Configuring MLD Snooping on Ethernet Bundles 68
Implementing Layer-3 Multicast Routing on Cisco IOS XR Software 71
CHAPTER 4
Prerequisites for Implementing Multicast Routing 72
Information About Implementing Multicast Routing 73
Key Protocols and Features Supported in the Cisco IOS XR Software Multicast Routing
Implementation 73
Multicast Routing Functional Overview 74
Multicast Routing Implementation 74
PIM-SM, PIM-SSM, and PIM-BIDIR 75
PIM-SM Operations 75
PIM-SSM Operations 75
PIM-Bidirectional Operations 76
Restrictions for PIM-SM and PIM-SSM, and PIM BIDIR 76
Internet Group Management Protocol 76
IGMP Versions 77
IGMP Routing Example 77
Configuring IGMP Per Interface States Limit 78
Protocol Independent Multicast 79
PIM-Sparse Mode 79
PIM-Source Specific Multicast 80
PIM-Bidirectional Mode 82
Configuring PIM Per Interface States Limit 82
PIM Shared Tree and Source Tree (Shortest Path Tree) 83
Multicast-Intact 85
Designated Routers 85
Rendezvous Points 87
Auto-RP 87
PIM Bootstrap Router 88
Reverse-Path Forwarding 88
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Multicast Non-Stop Routing 89
Failure Scenarios in NSR 89
Multicast VPN 90
Multicast VPN Routing and Forwarding 91
Multicast Distribution Tree Tunnels 91
InterAS Support on Multicast VPN 92
IPv6 Connectivity over MVPN 93
BGP Requirements 93
Multitopology Routing 93
Multicast VPN Extranet Routing 94
Information About Extranets 94
Information About the Extranet MVPN Routing Topology 95
RPF Policies in an Extranet 97
Multicast VPN Hub and Spoke Topology 97
Realizing the Hub and Spoke Topology 98
Label Switched Multicast (LSM) Multicast Label Distribution Protocol (mLDP) based Multicast
VPN (mVPN) Support 99
Benefits of LSM MLDP based MVPN 99
Configuring MLDP MVPN 99
P2MP and MP2MP Label Switched Paths 100
Packet Flow in mLDP-based Multicast VPN 100
Realizing a mLDP-based Multicast VPN 100
Characteristics of mLDP Profiles 101
Summary of Supported MVPN Profiles 108
LSP-switch for P2MP-TE 109
Configuration Process for MLDP MVPN (Intranet) 109
MLDP Loop-Free Alternative Fast Reroute 111
Advantages of LFA FRR 113
MLDP LFA FRR - Features 113
Limitations of LFA FRR 114
MLDP LFA FRR - Working 114
MLDP LFA FRR - Behavior 115
Configurations to Enable LFA FRR 117
Multipoint Label Distribution Protocol Route Policy Map 134
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Configuring mLDP User Interface (Opaque Types) Using the Routing Policy 136
Configuring mLDP FEC at the Root Node 145
Configuring the mLDP User Interface to Filter Label Mappings 146
Configuring the mLDP User Interface for Feature Filtering 147
Limitations of Route Policy Map 152
Next-Generation Multicast VPN 152
Supported Features 153
PE-PE Ingress Replication 156
MVPN over GRE 156
Native Multicast 157
GRE Limitations 158
Signaling and RPF on GRE Tunnels 158
PIM Registration 159
Auto-RP 159
Multicast IRB 159
Supported bridge port types 159
Restrictions 159
Multicast IRB 159
Multicast support for PW-HE interfaces 160
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol 160
VRF-aware MSDP 160
Multicast Nonstop Forwarding 161
Multicast Configuration Submodes 161
Multicast-Routing Configuration Submode 161
PIM Configuration Submode 162
IGMP Configuration Submode 162
MLD Configuration Submode 162
MSDP Configuration Submode 162
Understanding Interface Configuration Inheritance 162
Understanding Interface Configuration Inheritance Disablement 163
Understanding Enabling and Disabling Interfaces 164
Multicast Routing Information Base 164
Multicast Forwarding Information Base 164
MSDP MD5 Password Authentication 164
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Overriding VRFs in IGMP Interfaces 165
VRF support for MLD 166
How to Implement Multicast Routing 166
Configuring PIM-SM and PIM-SSM 166
Configuring PIM-SSM for Use in a Legacy Multicast Deployment 167
Restrictions for PIM-SSM Mapping 168
Configuring a Set of Access Control Lists for Static SSM Mapping 168
Configuring a Set of Sources for SSM Mapping 169
Configuring the DNS-based SSM Mapping 170
Configuring a Static RP and Allowing Backward Compatibility 171
Configuring Auto-RP to Automate Group-to-RP Mappings 172
Configuring the Bootstrap Router 174
Calculating Rates per Route 176
Configuring Multicast Nonstop Forwarding 178
Configuring Multicast VPN 180
Prerequisites for Multicast VPN 181
Restrictions for Multicast VPN for Multicast Routing 181
Enabling a VPN for Multicast Routing 181
Specifying the PIM VRF Instance 184
Specifying the IGMP VRF Instance 185
Configuring the MDT Source per VRF 185
Configuring Label Switched Multicast 187
Verification of LSM mLDP based MVPN Configuration 192
Configuring Multitopology Routing 195
Restrictions for Configuring Multitopology Routing 196
Information About Multitopology Routing 196
Configuring an RPF Topology in PIM 196
Configuring MVPN Extranet Routing 198
Prerequisites for MVPN Extranet Routing 198
Restrictions for MVPN Extranet Routing 198
Configuring VPN Route Targets 199
Interconnecting PIM-SM Domains with MSDP 200
Controlling Source Information on MSDP Peer Routers 203
Configuring MSDP MD5 Password Authentication 205
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Configuring VRF for MSDP 206
Multicast only fast reroute (MoFRR) 207
Operating Modes of MoFRR 207
Restrictions 207
Non-ECMP MoFRR 207
Implementing Non-ECMP MoFRR 208
Configuring MoFRR 208
RIB-based MoFRR 208
Flow-based MoFRR 209
Configuring Head PE Router (for MoFRR) 210
Configuring Tail PE Router (for MoFRR) 211
Enabling multicast on PW-HE interfaces 213
Static join 214
Configuring Route Policy for Static RPF 215
Point-to-Multipoint Traffic Engineering Label-Switched Multicast 217
Point to Multipoint LSP(P2MP) 217
Multicast Routing Protocol support for P2MP 217
Enabling Multicast Forwarding Over Tunnel Interface (at Ingress Node) 217
P2MP configurations at egress node and bud node 218
Configuring Static Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) 218
Configuring Core Tree Protocol 219
Configuring IGMP VRF Override 220
Specifying VRF definition 220
Enabling Multicast Routing on default and non-default VRFs 221
Configuring an Interface for a Non-default VRF Instance 222
Configuring route-policy 223
Associating a route policy to PIM configuration for the VRF receiving IGMP reports 223
Configuration Examples for Implementing Multicast Routing on Software 224
DNS-based SSM Mapping: Example 224
Calculating Rates per Route: Example 225
Preventing Auto-RP Messages from Being Forwarded on Software: Example 226
Inheritance in MSDP on Software: Example 226
MSDP-VRF: Example 227
MoFRR Provider Edge Configuration: Example 228
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Configuring Route Policy for Static RPF: Example 228
Configuring IPv4 Multicast VPN: Example 228
Configuring MVPN to Advertise Routes Between the CE and the PE Using OSPF: Example 228
Configuring MVPN to Advertise Routes Between the CE and the PE Using BGP: Example 233
Configuration Examples for MVPN Profiles 238
Configuration Examples for Inband mLDP Profiles 238
Configuration Examples for P2MP-TE profiles 239
Configuration examples for Partitioned mLDP profiles 242
Configuration Examples for Rosen-mGRE profiles 244
Configuration Examples for Rosen mLDP profiles 246
Configuration Examples for multicast support on PW-HE 249
Configuring MVPN Extranet Routing: Example 250
Configuring the Source MVRF on the Receiver PE Router: Example 250
Configuring the Receiver MVRF on the Source PE Router: Example 253
Configuring Multicast Hub and Spoke Topology: Example 255
Hub and Spoke Non-Turnaround Configuration: Example 256
Hub and Spoke with Turnaround: Example 265
Configuring LSM based MLDP: Examples 273
Additional References 284
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Contents
Preface
From Release 6.1.2 onwards, Cisco introduces support for the 64-bit Linux-based IOS XR operating system.
Extensive feature parity is maintained between the 32-bit and 64-bit environments. Unless explicitly marked
otherwise, the contents of this document are applicable for both the environments. For more details on Cisco
IOS XR 64 bit, refer to the Release Notes for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, Release 6.1.2 document.
The preface contains these sections:
•Changes to This Document, on page xiii
•Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request, on page xiii
Changes to This Document
This table lists the technical changes made to this document since it was first printed.
SummaryDate
Initial release of this document for 5.3.0 release.January 2015
Documentation updates for the 5.3.2 release.September 2015
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
For information on obtaining documentation, using the Cisco Bug Search Tool (BST), submitting a service
request, and gathering additional information, see What's New in Cisco Product Documentation.
To receive new and revised Cisco technical content directly to your desktop, you can subscribe to the What's
New in Cisco Product Documentation RSS feed. RSS feeds are a free service.
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Preface
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
CHAPTER 1
New and Changed Multicast Features
This chapter lists all the features that have been added or modified in this guide. The table also contains
references to these feature documentation sections.
•New and Changed Multicast Features, on page 1
New and Changed Multicast Features
This table summarizes the new and changed information for Multicast Configuration Guide and provide
information on where they are documented.
Table 1: New and Changed Multicast Feature Information
Where DocumentedChanged in ReleaseDescriptionFeature
Configuring PIM Per
Interface States Limit, on
page 82
Configuring IGMP Per
Interface States Limit, on
page 78
Release 5.3.0This feature was
introduced.
Multicast CAC
MLDP Loop-Free
Alternative Fast Reroute,
on page 111
Release 5.3.2This feature was
introduced.
MLDP LFA FRR
Native Multicast, on page
157
Release 5.3.2IPv6 support was
introduced on Multicast
over Point-to-Point GRE
tunnels feature.
IPv6 Multicast over
Point-to-Point GRE
tunnels
DNS-based SSM
Mapping, on page 80
Release 5.3.2This feature was
introduced.
DNS-based SSM
Mapping
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New and Changed Multicast Features
CHAPTER 2
Implementing Layer-2 Multicast with IGMP
Snooping
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping restricts multicast flows at Layer 2 to only those
segments with at least one interested receiver. This module describes how to implement IGMP snooping on
Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers.
Feature History for IGMP Snooping
ModificationRelease
This feature was introduced.Release 3.7.2
Support was added for the following features:
• IGMP snooping group limits and access groups.
Release 3.9.2
Support was added for the following features:
• Multicast redundancy using Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation
(MC-LAG).
Release 4.0.0
•Prerequisites for IGMP Snooping, on page 3
•Restrictions for IGMP Snooping, on page 4
•Information About IGMP Snooping, on page 4
•How to Configure IGMP Snooping, on page 19
•Configuration Examples for IGMP Snooping, on page 34
•Additional References, on page 52
Prerequisites for IGMP Snooping
The following prerequisites must be satisfied before implementing IGMP snooping:
• The network must be configured with a Layer 2 VPN (L2VPN).
• You must be in a user group associated with a task group that includes the proper task IDs. The command
reference guides include the task IDs required for each command. If you suspect user group assignment
is preventing you from using a command, contact your AAA administrator for assistance.
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To use this command, you must be in a user group associated with a task group that includes appropriate
task IDs. If the user group assignment is preventing you from using a command, contact your AAA
administrator for assistance.
Restrictions for IGMP Snooping
• IGMP snooping is supported only under L2VPN bridge domains.
• Explicit host tracking (an IGMPv3 snooping feature) is not supported.
• IPv6 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) snooping is not supported.
• IGMPv1 is not supported.
Information About IGMP Snooping
IGMP Snooping Overview
Description of Basic Functions
IGMP snooping provides a way to constrain multicast traffic at Layer 2. By snooping the IGMP membership
reports sent by hosts in the bridge domain, the IGMP snooping application can set up Layer 2 multicast
forwarding tables to deliver traffic only to ports with at least one interested member, significantly reducing
the volume of multicast traffic.
Configured at Layer 3, IGMP provides a means for hosts in an IPv4 multicast network to indicate which
multicast traffic they are interested in and for routers to control and limit the flow of multicast traffic in the
network at Layer 3.
IGMP snooping uses the information in IGMP membership report messages to build corresponding information
in the forwarding tables to restrict IP multicast traffic at Layer 2. The forwarding table entries are in the form
<Route, OIF List>, where:
• Route is a <*, G> route or <S, G> route.
• OIF List comprises all bridge ports that have sent IGMP membership reports for the specified route plus
all multicast router (mrouter) ports in the bridge domain.
Implemented in a multicast network, IGMP snooping has the following attributes:
• In its basic form, it reduces bandwidth consumption by reducing multicast traffic that would otherwise
flood an entire VPLS bridge domain.
• With the use of some optional configurations, it provides security between bridge domains by filtering
the IGMP reports received from hosts on one bridge port and preventing leakage towards the hosts on
other bridge ports.
• Using optional configurations, reduces the traffic impact on upstream IP multicast routers by suppressing
IGMP membership reports (IGMPv2) or by acting as an IGMP proxy reporter (IGMPv3) to the upstream
IP multicast router.
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Restrictions for IGMP Snooping
High Availability Features
All high availability features apply to the IGMP snooping processes with no additional configuration beyond
enabling IGMP snooping. The following high availability features are supported:
• Process restarts
• RP Failover
• Stateful Switch-Over (SSO)
• Non-Stop Forwarding (NSF)—Forwarding continues unaffected while the control plane is restored
following a process restart or route processor (RP) failover.
• Line card online insertion and removal (OIR)
Bridge Domain Support
IGMP snooping operates at the bridge domain level. When IGMP snooping is enabled on a bridge domain,
the snooping functionality applies to all ports under the bridge domain, including:
• Physical ports under the bridge domain.
•Ethernet flow points (EFPs)—An EFP can be a VLAN, VLAN range, list of VLANs, or an entire interface
port.
• Pseudowires (PWs) in VPLS bridge domains.
•Ethernet bundles—Ethernet bundles include IEEE 802.3ad link bundles and Cisco EtherChannel bundles.
From the perspective of the IGMP snooping application, an Ethernet bundle is just another EFP. The
forwarding application in the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers randomly nominates a single port from
the bundle to carry the multicast traffic.
Multicast Router and Host Ports
IGMP snooping classifies each port (for example, EFPs, PWs, physical ports, or EFP bundles) as one of the
following:
• Multicast router ports (mrouter ports)—These are ports to which a multicast-enabled router is connected.
Mrouter ports are usually dynamically discovered, but may also be statically configured. Multicast traffic
is always forwarded to all mrouter ports, except when an mrouter port is the ingress port.
• Host ports—Any port that is not an mrouter port is a host port.
Multicast Router Discovery and Static Configuration
IGMP snooping discovers mrouter ports dynamically. You can also explicitly configure a port as an mrouter
port.
• Discovery—IGMP snooping identifies upstream mrouter ports in the bridge domain by snooping IGMP
query messages and Protocol Independent Multicast Version 2 (PIMv2) hello messages. Snooping PIMv2
hello messages identifies IGMP nonqueriers in the bridge domain.
• Static configuration—You can statically configure a port as an mrouter port with the mrouter command
in a profile attached to the port. Static configuration can help in situations when incompatibilities with
non-Cisco equipment prevent dynamic discovery.
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High Availability Features
The router-guard command prevents a port from becoming a dynamically discovered mrouter port by filtering
out multicast router messages, including IGMP queries and PIM messages. You can configure a port with the
router-guard command and then configure it as a static mrouter. See the Router Guard and Static Mrouter,
on page 16 for more information about configuring router-guard and mrouter commands on the same port.
Multicast Traffic Handling within a Bridge Domain with IGMP Snooping Enabled
The following tables describe traffic handling behaviors by IGMP snooping mrouter and host ports. Table 2:
Multicast Traffic Handling for an IGMPv2 Querier, on page 6 describes traffic handling for an IGMPv2
querier. Table 3: Multicast Traffic Handling for an IGMPv3 Querier, on page 6 applies to an IGMPv3
querier.
By default, IGMP snooping supports IGMPv2 and IGMPv3. The version of the IGMP querier discovered in
the bridge domain determines the operational version of the snooping processes. If you change the default,
configuring IGMP snooping to support a minimum version of IGMPv3, IGMP snooping ignores any IGMPv2
queriers.
Table 2: Multicast Traffic Handling for an IGMPv2 Querier
Received on Host PortsReceived on MRouter PortsTraffic Type
Forwards to all mrouter ports and to
host ports that indicate interest.
Forwards to all mrouter ports and to host
ports that indicate interest.
IP multicast source
traffic
—Forwards to all ports.IGMP general queries
DroppedForwards to all other mrouter ports.IGMP group-specific
queries
Examines (snoops) the reports.
• If report suppression is enabled,
forwards first join for a new group
or first join following a general
query for an existing group.
• If report suppression is disabled,
forwards on all mrouter ports.
Examines (snoops) the reports.
• If report suppression is enabled,
forwards first join for a new group or
first join following a general query
for an existing group.
• If report suppression is disabled,
forwards on all mrouter ports.
IGMPv2 joins
IgnoresIgnoresIGMPv3 reports
Invokes last member query processing.Invokes last member query processing.IGMPv2 leaves
Table 3: Multicast Traffic Handling for an IGMPv3 Querier
Received on Host PortsReceived on MRouter PortsTraffic Type
Forwards to all mrouter ports and to
host ports that indicate interest.
Forwards to all mrouter ports and to host
ports that indicate interest.
IP multicast source
traffic
—Forwards to all ports.IGMP general queries
—If received on the querier port floods on all
ports.
IGMP group-specific
queries
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