HEIDENHAIN TNC 640 (34059x-18) DIN/ISO User manual

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TNC640
User’s Manual
ISO Programming
NC Software
34059x-18
English (en)
10/2023
Controls and displays
Controls and displays
Keys
If you are using a TNC640 with touch control, you can
replace some keystrokes with gestures.
Further information: "Operating the Touchscreen",
Page 553
Keys on the screen
Key Function
Select screen layout
Toggle the display between machine
operating mode, programming
mode, and a third desktop
Soft keys for selecting functions on
screen
Switch the soft-key rows
Alphabetic keyboard
Key Function
File names, comments
ISO programming
Select the next element; for example,
an input field, button, or selection
option
SHIFT + TAB Select the previous element
Open the HEROS menu
Machine operating modes
Key Function
Manual operation
Electronic handwheel
Positioning with Manual Data Input
Program Run, Single Block
Program Run, Full Sequence
Programming modes
Key Function
Programming
Test Run
2HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
Controls and displays
Entering and editing coordinate
axes and numbers
Key Function
. . .
Select the coordinate axes or enter
them in the NC program
. . .
Numbers
Decimal separator / Reverse
algebraic sign
Polar coordinate entry /
Incremental values
Q parameter programming /
Q parameter status
Capture actual position
NO
ENT
Skip dialog questions, delete words
Confirm entry and resume dialog
Conclude the NC block, end your
input
Clear entries or error message
Abort dialog, delete program section
Tool functions
Key Function
Define tool data in the NC program
Call tool data
Managing NC programs and files,
control functions
Key Function
Select or delete NC programs or
files, external data transfer
Define program call, select datum
and point tables
Select MOD functions
Display help text for NC error
messages, call TNCguide
Display all current error messages
Show calculator
Show special functions
Currently not assigned
Navigation keys
Key Function
Position the cursor
Go directly to NC blocks, cycles, and
parameter functions
Navigate to the beginning of a
program or table
Navigate to the end of the program
or table row
Navigate up one page
Navigate down one page
Select the next tab in forms
Up/down one dialog box or button
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 3
Controls and displays
Cycles, subprograms, and
program-section repeats
Key Function
Define touch probe cycles
Define and call cycles
Enter and call subprograms and
program section repeats
Enter program stop in an
NC program
Programming path contours
Key Function
Contour approach and departure
FK free contour programming
Straight line
Circle center/pole for polar coordi-
nates
Circular arc with center
Circular arc with radius
Circular arc with tangential transition
Chamfer/rounding arc
Potentiometer for feed rate
and spindle speed
Feed rate Spindle speed
3D mouse
A HEIDENHAIN 3D mouse is available as a complement
to the keyboard unit.
A 3D mouse allows you to manipulate objects as
intuitively as if you were holding them in your hands.
This is made possible through simultaneous six-degree-
of-freedom motion:
2D movement in the XY plane
3D rotation around the axes X, Y, and Z
Zooming in or zooming out
These options increase the ease of use in the following
applications in particular:
CAD import
Material removal simulation
3D applications of an external PC that you can
use on the control based on software option 133
(Remote Desktop Manager)
4HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
Table of contents
Table of contents
1 Basic Information................................................................................................................... 31
2 First Steps............................................................................................................................. 47
3 Fundamentals........................................................................................................................ 65
4 Tools...................................................................................................................................... 125
5 Programming Contours.......................................................................................................... 141
6 Programming Aids................................................................................................................. 193
7 Miscellaneous Functions........................................................................................................ 227
8 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats.......................................................................... 247
9 Programming QParameters................................................................................................... 269
10 Special Functions................................................................................................................... 343
11 Multiple-axis Machining......................................................................................................... 407
12 Data Transfer from CAD Files................................................................................................ 467
13 Pallets.................................................................................................................................... 495
14 Turning.................................................................................................................................. 515
15 Grinding................................................................................................................................. 543
16 Operating the Touchscreen.................................................................................................... 553
17 Tables and Overviews............................................................................................................ 567
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 5
Table of contents
6HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
Table of contents
1 Basic Information................................................................................................................... 31
1.1 About this manual...................................................................................................................... 32
1.2 Control model, software and features........................................................................................ 34
Software options.................................................................................................................................................... 36
New functions 34059x-18................................................................................................................................... 41
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 7
Table of contents
2 First Steps............................................................................................................................. 47
2.1 Overview..................................................................................................................................... 48
2.2 Switching on the machine.......................................................................................................... 49
Acknowledging the power interruption............................................................................................................. 49
2.3 Programming the first part......................................................................................................... 50
Selecting the operating mode............................................................................................................................ 50
Important controls and displays........................................................................................................................ 50
Creating a new NC program / file management............................................................................................ 51
Defining a workpiece blank................................................................................................................................. 52
Program layout....................................................................................................................................................... 53
Programming a simple contour......................................................................................................................... 54
Creating a cycle program.................................................................................................................................... 60
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3 Fundamentals........................................................................................................................ 65
3.1 The TNC640.............................................................................................................................. 66
HEIDENHAIN Klartext and ISO........................................................................................................................... 66
Compatibility........................................................................................................................................................... 66
3.2 Visual display unit and operating panel...................................................................................... 67
Display screen........................................................................................................................................................ 67
Setting the screen layout..................................................................................................................................... 67
Operating panel...................................................................................................................................................... 68
Extended Workspace Compact.......................................................................................................................... 71
3.3 Modes of operation.................................................................................................................... 74
Manual Operation and El. Handwheel............................................................................................................... 74
Positioning with Manual Data Input.................................................................................................................. 74
Programming.......................................................................................................................................................... 75
Test Run.................................................................................................................................................................. 75
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, SingleBlock..................................................................... 76
3.4 NC fundamentals........................................................................................................................ 77
Position encoders and reference marks.......................................................................................................... 77
Programmable axes.............................................................................................................................................. 77
Reference systems................................................................................................................................................ 78
Designation of the axes on milling machines................................................................................................. 90
Polar coordinates................................................................................................................................................... 90
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions.............................................................................................. 91
Selecting the preset.............................................................................................................................................. 92
3.5 Creating and entering NC programs........................................................................................... 93
Structure of an NC program in ISO format..................................................................................................... 93
Defining the workpiece blank: G30/G31........................................................................................................... 94
Creating a new NC program............................................................................................................................... 99
Programming tool movements in ISO.............................................................................................................. 100
Actual position capture........................................................................................................................................ 102
Editing an NC program........................................................................................................................................ 103
The control's search function............................................................................................................................. 107
3.6 File management........................................................................................................................ 109
Files........................................................................................................................................................................... 109
Displaying externally generated files on the control...................................................................................... 111
Directories............................................................................................................................................................... 111
Paths......................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Overview: Functions of the file manager......................................................................................................... 112
Calling the File Manager...................................................................................................................................... 113
Selecting drives, directories and files............................................................................................................... 114
Creating a new directory...................................................................................................................................... 116
Creating new file.................................................................................................................................................... 116
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 9
Table of contents
Copying a single file.............................................................................................................................................. 116
Copying files into another directory.................................................................................................................. 117
Copying a table...................................................................................................................................................... 118
Copying a directory............................................................................................................................................... 119
Choosing one of the last files selected............................................................................................................ 119
Deleting a file.......................................................................................................................................................... 120
Deleting a directory............................................................................................................................................... 120
Tagging files........................................................................................................................................................... 121
Renaming a file...................................................................................................................................................... 122
Sorting files............................................................................................................................................................. 122
Additional functions.............................................................................................................................................. 123
10 HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
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4 Tools...................................................................................................................................... 125
4.1 Entering tool-related data........................................................................................................... 126
Feed rate F.............................................................................................................................................................. 126
Spindle speed S..................................................................................................................................................... 127
4.2 Tool data.................................................................................................................................... 128
Requirements for tool compensation............................................................................................................... 128
Tool number, tool name...................................................................................................................................... 128
Tool length L........................................................................................................................................................... 129
Tool radius R.......................................................................................................................................................... 131
Delta values for lengths and radii...................................................................................................................... 131
Entering tool data into the NC program........................................................................................................... 131
Calling the tool data.............................................................................................................................................. 132
Tool change............................................................................................................................................................ 134
4.3 Tool compensation..................................................................................................................... 137
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................. 137
Tool length compensation................................................................................................................................... 137
Tool radius compensation................................................................................................................................... 138
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 11
Table of contents
5 Programming Contours.......................................................................................................... 141
5.1 Tool movements......................................................................................................................... 142
Path functions........................................................................................................................................................ 142
FK free contour programming............................................................................................................................ 142
Miscellaneous functions M................................................................................................................................. 142
Subprograms and program section repeats................................................................................................... 143
Programming with Q parameters...................................................................................................................... 143
5.2 Fundamentals of path functions................................................................................................. 144
Programming tool movements for machining............................................................................................... 144
5.3 Approaching and departing a contour........................................................................................ 147
Starting point and end point............................................................................................................................... 147
Tangential approach and departure.................................................................................................................. 149
Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure................................................................. 150
Important positions for approach and departure........................................................................................... 151
Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection: APPR LT........................................................ 153
Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN.................................. 153
Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection: APPR CT...................................................... 154
Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour:
APPR LCT................................................................................................................................................................ 155
Departing in a straight line with tangential connection: DEP LT................................................................. 156
Departing in a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN........................................... 156
Departing on a circular path with tangential connection: DEP CT.............................................................. 157
Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT............. 157
5.4 Path contours — Cartesian coordinates...................................................................................... 158
Overview of path functions................................................................................................................................. 158
Programming path functions.............................................................................................................................. 158
Straight line in rapid traverse G00 or straight line with feed rate F G01................................................... 159
Inserting a chamfer between two straight lines............................................................................................. 160
Rounded corners G25........................................................................................................................................... 161
Circle center I, J..................................................................................................................................................... 162
Circular arc around circle center........................................................................................................................ 163
Circular arc G02/G03/G05 with fixed radius................................................................................................... 165
Circular arc G06 with tangential transition...................................................................................................... 167
Superimposing a linear motion on a circular contour................................................................................... 168
Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates.................................................. 169
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates......................................................................... 170
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates............................................................................................. 171
5.5 Path contours – Polar coordinates............................................................................................. 172
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 172
Datum for polar coordinates: pole I, J.............................................................................................................. 173
Straight line in rapid traverse G10 or straight line with feed rate F G11................................................... 173
Circular path G12/G13/G15 around pole I, J.................................................................................................. 174
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Circle G16 with tangential connection.............................................................................................................. 174
Helix.......................................................................................................................................................................... 175
Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates...................................................................................... 177
Example: Helix........................................................................................................................................................ 178
5.6 Path contours – FK free contour programming.......................................................................... 179
Fundamentals......................................................................................................................................................... 179
Defining the working plane.................................................................................................................................. 180
FK programming graphics................................................................................................................................... 181
Initiating the FK dialog......................................................................................................................................... 182
Pole for FK programming.................................................................................................................................... 182
Free straight line programming.......................................................................................................................... 183
Free circular path programming........................................................................................................................ 184
Input possibilities................................................................................................................................................... 185
Auxiliary points....................................................................................................................................................... 188
Relative data........................................................................................................................................................... 189
Example: FK programming 1.............................................................................................................................. 191
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 13
Table of contents
6 Programming Aids................................................................................................................. 193
6.1 GOTO function............................................................................................................................ 194
Using the GOTO key............................................................................................................................................. 194
6.2 Display of NC programs............................................................................................................. 195
Syntax highlighting................................................................................................................................................ 195
Scrollbar................................................................................................................................................................... 195
6.3 Adding comments...................................................................................................................... 196
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 196
Entering comments during programming........................................................................................................ 196
Inserting comments after program entry........................................................................................................ 196
Entering a comment in a separate NC block.................................................................................................. 196
Commenting out an existing NC block............................................................................................................ 196
Functions for editing a comment...................................................................................................................... 197
6.4 Freely editing an NC program..................................................................................................... 198
6.5 Skipping NC blocks.................................................................................................................... 199
Insert a slash (/).................................................................................................................................................... 199
Delete the slash (/)................................................................................................................................................ 199
6.6 Structuring NC programs............................................................................................................ 200
Definition and applications.................................................................................................................................. 200
Displaying the program structure window / Changing the active window................................................ 200
Inserting a structure block in the program window....................................................................................... 201
Selecting blocks in the program structure window....................................................................................... 201
6.7 Calculator................................................................................................................................... 202
Operation................................................................................................................................................................. 202
6.8 Cutting data calculator............................................................................................................... 205
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 205
Working with cutting data tables....................................................................................................................... 207
6.9 Programming graphics............................................................................................................... 210
Activating and deactivating programming graphics...................................................................................... 210
Generating a graphic for an existing NC program......................................................................................... 211
Block number display ON/OFF........................................................................................................................... 211
Erasing the graphic............................................................................................................................................... 211
Showing grid lines................................................................................................................................................. 211
Magnification or reduction of details................................................................................................................ 212
6.10 Error messages.......................................................................................................................... 213
Display of errors.................................................................................................................................................... 213
Opening the error window................................................................................................................................... 213
14 HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
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Detailed error messages...................................................................................................................................... 214
INTERNAL INFO soft key..................................................................................................................................... 214
GROUPING soft key.............................................................................................................................................. 215
ACTIVATE AUTOMATIC SAVING soft key........................................................................................................ 215
Deleting errors........................................................................................................................................................ 216
Error log................................................................................................................................................................... 217
Keystroke log.......................................................................................................................................................... 218
Informational texts................................................................................................................................................ 219
Saving service files................................................................................................................................................ 219
Closing the error window..................................................................................................................................... 219
6.11 TNCguide: context-sensitive help............................................................................................... 220
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 220
Using TNCguide..................................................................................................................................................... 221
Downloading current help files........................................................................................................................... 224
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 15
Table of contents
7 Miscellaneous Functions........................................................................................................ 227
7.1 Entering miscellaneous functions M and STOP.......................................................................... 228
Fundamentals......................................................................................................................................................... 228
7.2 Miscellaneous functions for program run inspection, spindle and coolant.................................. 229
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 229
7.3 Miscellaneous functions for coordinate entries.......................................................................... 230
Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92......................................................................... 230
Moving to positions in a non-tilted input coordinate system with a tilted working plane: M130.......... 232
7.4 Miscellaneous functions for path behavior................................................................................. 233
Machining small contour steps: M97............................................................................................................... 233
Machining open contour corners: M98............................................................................................................ 234
Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103.......................................................................................... 235
Feed rate in millimeters per spindle revolution: M136.................................................................................. 236
Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111.............................................................................................. 237
Pre-calculating radius-compensated contours (LOOKAHEAD): M120...................................................... 238
Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118........................................................... 240
Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140...................................................................... 242
Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141................................................................................................... 244
Deleting basic rotation: M143............................................................................................................................. 244
Lifting off the tool automatically from the contour at NC stop: M148...................................................... 245
Rounding corners: M197...................................................................................................................................... 246
16 HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
Table of contents
8 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats.......................................................................... 247
8.1 Labeling subprograms and program section repeats.................................................................. 248
Label......................................................................................................................................................................... 248
8.2 Subprograms.............................................................................................................................. 249
Operating sequence.............................................................................................................................................. 249
Programming notes.............................................................................................................................................. 249
Programming the subprogram........................................................................................................................... 249
Calling a subprogram........................................................................................................................................... 249
8.3 Program-section repeats............................................................................................................ 250
Label G98................................................................................................................................................................ 250
Operating sequence.............................................................................................................................................. 250
Programming notes.............................................................................................................................................. 250
Programming a program section repeat.......................................................................................................... 251
Calling a program section repeat...................................................................................................................... 251
8.4 Calling an external NC program................................................................................................. 252
Overview of the soft keys.................................................................................................................................... 252
Operating sequence.............................................................................................................................................. 253
Programming notes.............................................................................................................................................. 253
Calling an external NC program......................................................................................................................... 255
8.5 Point tables................................................................................................................................ 257
Creating a point table........................................................................................................................................... 257
Hiding single points for the machining process............................................................................................. 258
Selecting a point table in the NC program...................................................................................................... 259
Using point tables.................................................................................................................................................. 260
Definition.................................................................................................................................................................. 260
8.6 Nesting....................................................................................................................................... 261
Types of nesting.................................................................................................................................................... 261
Nesting depth......................................................................................................................................................... 261
Subprogram within a subprogram.................................................................................................................... 262
Repeating program section repeats.................................................................................................................. 263
Repeating a subprogram..................................................................................................................................... 264
8.7 Programming examples.............................................................................................................. 265
Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds................................................................................................. 265
Example: Groups of holes................................................................................................................................... 266
Example: Group of holes with multiple tools.................................................................................................. 267
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 17
Table of contents
9 Programming QParameters................................................................................................... 269
9.1 Principle and overview of functions........................................................................................... 270
Q parameter types................................................................................................................................................. 271
Programming notes.............................................................................................................................................. 273
Calling Q parameter functions............................................................................................................................ 274
9.2 Part families—Q parameters in place of numerical values.......................................................... 275
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 275
9.3 Describing contours with mathematical functions...................................................................... 276
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 276
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 277
Programming fundamental operations............................................................................................................ 278
9.4 Trigonometric functions............................................................................................................. 280
Definitions................................................................................................................................................................ 280
Programming trigonometric functions............................................................................................................. 280
9.5 Calculation of circles.................................................................................................................. 282
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 282
9.6 If-then decisions with Q parameters........................................................................................... 283
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 283
Jump conditions.................................................................................................................................................... 283
Programming if-then decisions.......................................................................................................................... 285
9.7 Entering formulas directly.......................................................................................................... 286
Entering formulas.................................................................................................................................................. 286
Calculation rules.................................................................................................................................................... 286
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 288
Example: Trigonometric function....................................................................................................................... 290
9.8 Checking and changing Q parameters........................................................................................ 291
Procedure................................................................................................................................................................ 291
9.9 Additional functions................................................................................................................... 293
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 293
D14 Output of error messages.......................................................................................................................... 294
D16 – Formatted output of text and Qparameter values............................................................................ 300
D18 – Reading system data............................................................................................................................... 310
D19 Transferring values to PLC......................................................................................................................... 310
D20 NC and PLC synchronization..................................................................................................................... 311
D29 Transferring values to the PLC.................................................................................................................. 312
D37 – EXPORT....................................................................................................................................................... 312
D38 – Sending information from the NC program........................................................................................ 313
18 HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
Table of contents
9.10 String parameters....................................................................................................................... 315
String processing functions................................................................................................................................ 315
Assigning string parameters............................................................................................................................... 316
Chain-linking string parameters......................................................................................................................... 317
Converting a numerical value to a string parameter..................................................................................... 318
Copying a substring from a string parameter................................................................................................ 319
Reading system data............................................................................................................................................ 320
Converting a string parameter to a numerical value..................................................................................... 321
Testing a string parameter.................................................................................................................................. 322
Determining the length of a string parameter................................................................................................ 323
Comparing the lexical order of two alphanumerical strings........................................................................ 324
Reading out machine parameters..................................................................................................................... 325
9.11 Preassigned Q parameters......................................................................................................... 327
Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107................................................................................................................ 327
Active tool radius: Q108....................................................................................................................................... 327
Tool axis: Q109...................................................................................................................................................... 328
Spindle status: Q110............................................................................................................................................. 328
Coolant on/off: Q111............................................................................................................................................ 328
Overlap factor: Q112............................................................................................................................................. 328
Unit of measure in the NC program Q113....................................................................................................... 329
Tool length: Q114.................................................................................................................................................. 329
Measurement result from programmable touch-probe cycles: Q115 to Q119........................................ 329
Qparameters Q115 and Q116 for automatic tool measurement............................................................... 330
Calculated coordinates of the rotary axes: Q120 to Q122........................................................................... 330
Measurement results from touch-probe cycles............................................................................................. 331
Checking the setup situation: Q601.................................................................................................................. 334
9.12 Programming examples.............................................................................................................. 335
Example: Rounding a value................................................................................................................................. 335
Example: Ellipse..................................................................................................................................................... 336
Example: Concave cylinder machined with ball-nose cutter....................................................................... 338
Example: Convex sphere machined with end mill.......................................................................................... 340
HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023 19
Table of contents
10 Special Functions................................................................................................................... 343
10.1 Overview of special functions.................................................................................................... 344
Main menu for SPEC FCT special functions................................................................................................... 344
Program defaults menu....................................................................................................................................... 345
Functions for contour and point machining menu........................................................................................ 345
Menu for defining different ISO functions....................................................................................................... 346
10.2 Function mode............................................................................................................................ 347
Program function mode....................................................................................................................................... 347
Function Mode Set................................................................................................................................................ 347
10.3 Dynamic Collision Monitoring (option40)................................................................................... 348
Function................................................................................................................................................................... 348
Activating and deactivating collision monitoring in the NC program......................................................... 350
10.4 Adaptive Feed Control (AFC) (option45).................................................................................... 352
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 352
Defining basic AFC settings................................................................................................................................ 353
Programming AFC................................................................................................................................................. 355
10.5 Machining with polar kinematics................................................................................................ 358
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 358
Activating FUNCTION POLARKIN...................................................................................................................... 359
Deactivating FUNCTION POLARKIN.................................................................................................................. 362
Example: SL cycles in the polar kinematics.................................................................................................... 363
10.6 Defining ISO functions................................................................................................................ 364
Overview................................................................................................................................................................... 364
10.7 Modifying presets....................................................................................................................... 365
Activating a preset................................................................................................................................................ 365
Copying a preset.................................................................................................................................................... 367
Correcting a preset............................................................................................................................................... 368
10.8 Datum table................................................................................................................................ 369
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 369
Description.............................................................................................................................................................. 369
Creating a datum table........................................................................................................................................ 370
Opening and editing a datum table................................................................................................................... 371
Activating the datum table in your NC program............................................................................................. 373
Activating the datum table manually................................................................................................................ 373
10.9 Compensation table.................................................................................................................... 374
Application............................................................................................................................................................... 374
Types of compensation tables........................................................................................................................... 374
Creating a compensation table.......................................................................................................................... 376
20 HEIDENHAIN | TNC640 | ISO Programming User's Manual | 10/2023
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