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Contents
CloudBridge 7.1 ...............................................................................................
16
CloudBridge 7.1 ..................................................................................
17
Release Notes ...............................................................................
18
CB RN 7.1 ...............................................................................
19
Main Release......................................................................
20
Enhancements ..............................................................
21
Recommended Usage ......................................................
22
Bug Fixes.....................................................................
24
Known Issues and Workarounds ..........................................
25
Compatibility................................................................
32
Licensing, Upgrading, and Downgrading ................................
39
Contacting Customer Support ............................................
44
Maintenance Release............................................................
45
Release 7.1.1................................................................
46
Bug Fixes ...............................................................
47
Known Issues and Workarounds.....................................
48
Compatibility................................................................
55
Licensing, Upgrading, and Downgrading ................................
62
Contacting Customer Support ............................................
67
Introduction to the CloudBridge Product Family ......................................
68
CloudBridge Features and Benefits.................................................
69
How CloudBridge Works ..............................................................
78
Compression Overcomes Low Link Speeds ...................................
79
Lossless Flow Control Overcomes Congestion ...............................
81
TCP Optimizations Overcome Troubled Links ...............................
82
Application Optimizations Overcome Design Limitations..................
83
Multiple Optimizations Enhance XenApp/XenDesktop Performance
84
Autodetection Simplifies Deployment ........................................
85
Product line ............................................................................
86
2
Product Selection and Deployment ......................................................
88
Product Selection by Capacity ......................................................
90
Product and Mode Selection by Datacenter Topology ...........................
92
Sites with One WAN Router ....................................................
94
Sites with Multiple WAN Routers ..............................................
97
Supported Mode/Feature Combinations......................................
100
Recommendations for Supporting VPNs ......................................
101
Supporting CloudBridge Plug-in With Citrix Access Gateway VPNs
103
What Happens if the Appliance Fails .........................................
104
CloudBridge 2000 and 3000 Appliances .................................................
105
CloudBridge 2000 & 3000 ............................................................
106
Overview ..........................................................................
107
Hardware Installation ...........................................................
108
Introduction to the Hardware Platforms................................
109
Common Hardware Components....................................
110
Ports ...............................................................
111
Field Replaceable Units ........................................
113
Power Supply ...............................................
114
Solid-State Drive ...........................................
117
Citrix CloudBridge 2000 ..............................................
119
Citrix CloudBridge 3000 ..............................................
121
Summary of Hardware Specifications..............................
123
Preparing for Installation .................................................
125
Unpacking the CloudBridge Appliance .............................
126
Preparing the Site and Rack.........................................
127
Cautions and Warnings ...............................................
129
Installing the Hardware ...................................................
132
Rack Mounting the Appliance .......................................
133
Connecting the Cables ...............................................
135
Switching on the Appliance .........................................
138
Initial Configuration .............................................................
139
Assigning IP Addresses .....................................................
140
Configuring the CloudBridge Appliance .................................
141
Managing the Appliance ...................................................
147
Prerequisites ................................................................
149
Setting Initial Parameters.................................................
150
Performing Quick Installation ............................................
152
3
Additional Configuration ..................................................
156
Changing the Administrative Password .................................
157
Using the Graphical User Interface for Monitoring or Additional
Configuration ...............................................................
158
Initial Testing ...............................................................
160
Initial Troubleshooting ....................................................
161
Deployment Modes...............................................................
164
Customizing the Ethernet ports ..........................................
166
Port Parameters.......................................................
168
Accelerated Bridges (apA and apB) ................................
169
Motherboard Ports ....................................................
171
VLAN Support ..........................................................
172
Inline Mode ..................................................................
173
Ethernet Bypass and Link-Down Propagation
174
Accelerating an Entire Site ..........................................
175
Partial-Site Acceleration.............................................
176
Configuring and Troubleshooting Inline Mode
177
WCCP Mode..................................................................
178
WCCP Mode (Non-Clustered) ........................................
183
Router Support for WCCP ......................................
184
Configuring the Router .........................................
186
Basic Configuration Procedure for WCCP Mode on the
CloudBridge Appliance..........................................
188
WCCP Service Group Configuration Details
189
WCCP Testing and Troubleshooting
191
Virtual Inline Mode .........................................................
192
Configuring Packet Forwarding on the Appliance
194
Router Configuration .................................................
195
Routing Examples................................................
197
Virtual Inline for Multiple-WAN Environments
199
Virtual Inline Mode and High-Availability .........................
200
Monitoring and Troubleshooting ....................................
201
Group Mode .................................................................
202
When to Use Group Mode............................................
204
How Group Mode Works..............................................
205
Enabling Group Mode.................................................
207
Forwarding Rules......................................................
209
Monitoring and Troubleshooting Group Mode
211
4
High-Availability Mode.....................................................
212
How High-Availability Mode Works .................................
213
Cabling Requirements ................................................
215
Other Requirements ..................................................
217
Management Access to the High-Availability Pair
218
Configuring the High-Availability Pair .............................
219
Updating Software on a High-Availability Pair
221
Saving/Restoring Parameters of an HA Pair ......................
222
Troubleshooting High Availability Pairs ...........................
223
CloudBridge 4000 and 5000 Appliances .................................................
224
BRSDX 7.1...............................................................................
226
Overview ..........................................................................
228
Architecture.................................................................
230
Planning the Deployment.......................................................
231
Sizing Guidelines ...........................................................
232
Selecting a Deployment Mode ............................................
233
Selecting a Load Balancing Method......................................
235
Gathering Information Needed for Configuration .....................
237
Hardware Platforms .............................................................
238
Introduction to the Hardware Platforms................................
239
Hardware Components ...............................................
240
Ports ...............................................................
241
Field Replaceable Units ........................................
243
Power Supply ...............................................
244
Solid-State Drive ...........................................
247
Hard Disk Drive .............................................
249
Hardware Platforms ..................................................
250
Citrix CloudBridge 4000 ........................................
251
Citrix CloudBridge 5000 ........................................
253
Summary of Hardware Specifications..............................
255
Preparing for Installation .................................................
257
Unpacking the Appliance ............................................
258
Preparing the Site and Rack.........................................
259
Cautions and Warnings ...............................................
261
Installing the Hardware ...................................................
264
Rack Mounting the Appliance .......................................
265
Installing and Removing 1G SFP Transceivers
270
5
Installing and Removing 10G SFP+ Transceivers
273
Install Fiber Patch Cable in Ports 10/3 and 10/4
275
Install Fiber Patch Cable in Ports 10/3 and 10/4
277
Connecting the Cables ...............................................
280
Switching on the Appliance .........................................
282
Lights Out Management Port of the CloudBridge 4000/5000
Appliance ....................................................................
283
Planning the Deployment.......................................................
286
Sizing Guidelines ...........................................................
287
Selecting a Deployment Mode ............................................
288
Selecting a Load Balancing Method......................................
290
Gathering Information Needed for Configuration .....................
292
Initial Configuration .............................................................
293
Prerequisites ................................................................
294
Deployment Worksheet....................................................
296
Accessing the Appliance...................................................
301
Configuring the Appliance ................................................
302
Deployment Modes...............................................................
308
WCCP Mode..................................................................
309
Configuring WCCP Setup on the Network .........................
312
Configuring the NetScaler Instance for WCCP
313
To enable L3 mode ........................................
314
Adding a Subnet IP .........................................
315
Adding Virtual IP Addresses
317
Configuring Network Address Translation
319
Adding a Static Route .....................................
322
Modifying Load Balancing Virtual Servers
324
Saving the NetScaler Instance Configuration
325
Configuring a Router in Standard WCCP Mode
326
Configuring accelerators for WCCP Negotiation
328
Verifying the WCCP Mode ......................................
335
Inline Mode ..................................................................
336
Deployment Topology ................................................
337
Port Affinity............................................................
340
VLAN Trunking.........................................................
341
Ethernet Bypass .......................................................
342
Configuring Inline Mode..............................................
343
Configuring the High Availability Setup on the Appliances
344
6
Managing the Appliance.........................................................
348
Managing the Appliance by using the Management Service
349
Automatically Configuring CloudBridge Devices
350
Platforms Supported ............................................
351
Registering a CloudBridge Appliance with Citrix
Command Center ................................................
352
Updating the appliance through the Management Service
354
Managing Client Sessions.............................................
355
Configuring User Accounts...........................................
356
SNMP Trap Destinations ..............................................
359
Restarting the Management Service ...............................
360
Upgrading the Management Service................................
361
Uploading the Management Service Build and
Documentation Files ............................................
362
Upgrading the Management Service to a Later Version
364
Upgrading the XenServer Software.................................
365
Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Data of the
Appliance...............................................................
366
Performing a Factory Reset .........................................
368
Removing Management Service Files ..............................
370
Generating a Tar Archive for Technical Support
371
Managing the NetScaler Instance ........................................
372
Saving the Configuration.............................................
373
Upgrading a NetScaler Instance ....................................
374
Uploading NetScaler Resources ...............................
375
Upgrading the Instance .........................................
378
Deleting the NetScaler Instance ....................................
379
Managing a NetScaler Instance .....................................
380
Removing NetScaler Instance Files.................................
381
Managing a CloudBridge Accelerator ....................................
382
Configuring CloudBridge Instances by using CloudBridge
Accelerator Interface ................................................
383
Managing Individual CloudBridge Accelerator
384
Upgrading a CloudBridge Accelerator..............................
385
Deleting the CloudBridge Instance .................................
386
Managing the Appliance ...................................................
387
Modifying the Network Configuration of the Appliance
388
Changing the Password of the Default User Account
389
Configuring Clock Synchronization .................................
390
7
Installing an SSL Certificate on the Appliance
393
Restarting the Appliance ............................................
394
Shutting Down the Appliance .......................................
395
Modifying the Time Zone on the Appliance .......................
396
Modifying System Settings ...........................................
397
Upgrading the Resources ............................................
398
Monitoring the Appliance .......................................................
399
Monitoring the Appliance by using the Home Page ...................
400
Monitoring the Appliance .................................................
402
Load Statistics .........................................................
403
Connections ......................................................
404
Traffic .............................................................
406
Advanced .........................................................
413
Monitoring with AppFlow ............................................
414
Prerequisites .....................................................
415
Enabling AppFlow Monitoring ..................................
416
Monitoring CloudBridge Appliances with Splunk
417
Viewing the SSL Certificate on the Management Service
418
Viewing the Properties of the Appliance..........................
419
Viewing Real-Time Appliance Throughput ........................
422
Viewing Real-Time CPU and Memory Usage ......................
423
Viewing CPU Usage for All Cores ...................................
424
Monitoring the NetScaler Instance.......................................
425
Viewing the Properties of the NetScaler Instance
426
Viewing the Running and Saved Configuration of a NetScaler
Instance ................................................................
427
Pinging a NetScaler Instance ........................................
428
Tracing the Route of a NetScaler Instance........................
429
Rediscovering a NetScaler Instance ................................
430
Monitoring the CloudBridge Instance....................................
431
Viewing the Properties of the CloudBridge Instances
432
Viewing the Running and Saved Configuration of a
CloudBridge Instance .................................................
435
Pinging a CloudBridge Instance .....................................
436
Tracing the Route of a CloudBridge Instance
437
Rediscovering Instance...............................................
438
Monitoring Operations and Events by Using Logs ......................
439
Viewing Audit Logs....................................................
440
8
Viewing Task Logs.....................................................
442
Viewing Events ........................................................
444
CloudBridge VPX ............................................................................
445
CloudBridge VPX Usage Scenarios...................................................
447
System Requirements and Provisioning ............................................
452
Installing CloudBridge Virtual Appliances on XenServer.........................
456
Installing CloudBridge Virtual Appliances on VMware ESX ......................
464
Installing CloudBridge Appliances on the Microsoft Hyper-V Platform........
483
Installing CloudBridge VPX on Microsoft Server 2008 R2...................
486
Installing CloudBridge VPX on the Microsoft Server 2012..................
490
Installing the CloudBridge Virtual Appliances on Amazon AWS ................
493
Disabling the Source/Destination Check Feature ...........................
499
Configuring SNMP Monitoring on the CloudBridge AMI on AWS ...........
500
Limitations and Usage Guidelines for CloudBridge AMI Instances on
AWS ................................................................................
502
Supported Modes ......................................................................
503
Features......................................................................................
504
Compression............................................................................
505
How Compression Works ........................................................
506
Enabling or Disabling Compression ............................................
509
Measuring Disk Based Compression Performance ...........................
510
CloudBridge Connector ...............................................................
512
Understanding CloudBridge Connector .......................................
513
Configuring CloudBridge Connector Tunnel between two Datacenters
516
Configuring CloudBridge Connector between Datacenter and AWS
Cloud...............................................................................
523
Prerequisites ................................................................
526
NetScalerCloudBridge VPX License.................................
527
Installing NetScaler VPX on AWS....................................
528
How NetScaler VPX on AWS Works ............................
529
ENI Support .......................................................
532
Limitations and Usage Guidelines.............................
533
Launching the NetScaler VPX for AWS AMI
534
Launching NetScaler VPX for AWS by Using the
Amazon GUI and CLI toolkit
535
Using the Citrix CloudFormation Template to launch
CloudBridge VPX for AWS .................................
548
Collaborating to Deliver High-Quality Products and
Content Launching NetScaler VPX by using the AWS
1-Click .......................................................
554
9
Verifying the NetScaler VPX on AWS Installation
561
Attaching Additional IP Addresses to an Instance
562
Downloading a NetScaler VPX License
564
Load Balancing Servers in different Availability Zones
565
High Availability .................................................
566
Upgrading a NetScaler VPX instance on AWS
576
Changing the EC2 Instance Type of a NetScaler VPX
Instance on AWS............................................
577
Upgrading the Throughput or Software Edition for a
NetScaler VPX Instance on AWS
578
Upgrading the System Software of a NetScaler VPX
Instance on AWS............................................
579
Upgrading to a New NetScaler AMI Instance by Using
a NetScaler High Availability Configuration
580
Troubleshooting the NetScaler VPX on AWS
583
Installing NetScaler VPX in a Data Center.........................
584
Installing NetScaler Virtual Appliances on XenServer
585
Prerequisites for Installing NetScaler Virtual
Appliances on XenServer..................................
586
Installing NetScaler Virtual Appliances on XenServer
by Using XenCenter ........................................
589
Installing NetScaler 1000V Virtual Appliances on VMware
ESX.................................................................
590
Prerequisites for Installing NetScaler Virtual
Appliances on VMware ....................................
591
Installing NetScaler Virtual Appliances on VMware
ESX 4.0 or Later and Verifying the Installation
595
Installing Citrix NetScaler Virtual Appliances on
Microsoft Hyper-V Servers......................................
599
Prerequisites for Installing NetScaler Virtual
Appliance on Microsoft Servers
600
Installing NetScaler Virtual Appliance on Microsoft
Servers.......................................................
602
Configuration Steps ........................................................
604
Configuring CloudBridge Connector Tunnel between Datacenter and
SoftLayer Enterprise Cloud .....................................................
608
Customizing the Ethernet ports.....................................................
610
Port Parameters..................................................................
612
Accelerated Bridges (apA and apB) ...........................................
613
Motherboard Ports ...............................................................
615
VLAN Support .....................................................................
616
HTTP Acceleration ....................................................................
617
Link Definitions ........................................................................
619
The Default Link Definitions ...................................................
620
10
How the Traffic Shaper Users Link Definitions ..............................
622
Configuring Link Definitions....................................................
624
Inline Links ..................................................................
625
Non-Inline Links.............................................................
628
Secure Traffic Acceleration .........................................................
630
Secure Peering ...................................................................
631
How Secure Peering Works................................................
632
Generating Security Keys and Certificates .............................
633
Configuring the Secure Signaling Tunnel ...............................
634
CIFS, SMB2, and MAPI ...........................................................
638
Configuring a CloudBridge Appliance to Optimize Secure Windows
Traffic........................................................................
640
Configuring CIFS and SMB2 Acceleration................................
658
CIFS Protocol Acceleration ..........................................
661
Interpreting CIFS Statistics ..........................................
664
CIFS Management Summary .........................................
665
Configuring MAPI Acceleration ...........................................
666
Troubleshooting CIFS and MAPI...........................................
668
SSL Compression .................................................................
671
How SSL Compression Works..............................................
672
Installing Server and Client Certificates ................................
675
Using SSL Compression with the CloudBridge Plug-in.................
680
SCPS Support ...........................................................................
681
Traffic Classification..................................................................
682
The Application Classifier ......................................................
683
Service Classes ...................................................................
685
Differences Between Acceleration Decisions and Traffic Shaping
Policies.......................................................................
686
Configuring Service Class Definitions....................................
687
Traffic Shaping ........................................................................
689
Traffic Shaping Changes Since Release 5.x ..................................
691
Weighted Fair Queuing..........................................................
692
Traffic Shaping Policies .........................................................
694
TCP Flow-Control Acceleration .....................................................
697
Lossless, Transparent Flow Control ...........................................
698
Speed Optimizations ............................................................
700
Autodiscovery and Autoconfiguration ........................................
702
Softboost and Hardboost .......................................................
704
11
Firewall Considerations .........................................................
705
The CloudBridge Plug-in..............................................................
707
Hardware and Software Requirements .......................................
708
How the CloudBridge Plug-in Works ..........................................
709
Transparent Mode ..........................................................
710
Redirector Mode ............................................................
713
How the Plug-in Selects an Appliance...................................
716
Deploying Appliances for Use with Plug-ins..................................
717
Customizing the Plug-in MSI File ..............................................
721
Deploying Plug-ins On Windows Systems .....................................
725
Installation ..................................................................
726
Troubleshooting Plug-ins ..................................................
729
CloudBridge Plug-in GUI Commands ..........................................
731
Basic Display ................................................................
732
Advanced Display...........................................................
733
Updating the CloudBridge Plug-in .............................................
737
Video Caching..........................................................................
738
Use Cases..........................................................................
740
Configuring the Video Caching Feature ......................................
742
Adding Video Websites ....................................................
745
Configuring the Maximum Size of the Cached Objects
747
Configuring the Default Domain Name..................................
748
Updating the Video Caching Policy File.................................
749
Excluding a Server from Cache Engine Interception ..................
750
Monitoring.........................................................................
751
Upgrade and Downgrade Considerations .....................................
753
Troubleshooting Video Caching................................................
754
XenApp/XenDesktop Acceleration ..................................................
756
Configuring XenApp Acceleration .............................................
757
Optimizing Chrome and HTML5 versions of Citrix Receiver ...............
759
Deployment Scenarios...........................................................
762
The CloudBridge Plug-in ...................................................................
769
Hardware and Software Requirements.............................................
770
How the CloudBridge Plug-in Works ................................................
771
Transparent Mode................................................................
772
Redirector Mode .................................................................
775
How the Plug-in Selects an Appliance ........................................
778
12
Deploying Appliances for Use with Plug-ins .......................................
779
Customizing the Plug-in MSI File ....................................................
783
Deploying Plug-ins On Windows Systems ..........................................
787
Installation........................................................................
788
Troubleshooting Plug-ins .......................................................
791
CloudBridge Plug-in GUI Commands................................................
793
Basic Display......................................................................
794
Advanced Display ................................................................
795
Updating the CloudBridge Plug-in ..................................................
799
CloudBridge (2.0) on AWS .................................................................
800
Reference Material .........................................................................
801
Graphical User Interface .............................................................
802
Using the Graphical User Interface ...........................................
803
Dashboard Page.............................................................
805
Features Page...............................................................
807
Quick Installation Page ....................................................
810
Monitoring Pages ...........................................................
813
Citrix (ICA/CGP).......................................................
814
Compression ...........................................................
816
Connections............................................................
818
Filesystem (CIFS/SMB)................................................
824
Logging .................................................................
826
Outlook (MAPI) ........................................................
827
CloudBridge Partners .................................................
829
CloudBridge Plug-ins..................................................
831
Secure Partners .......................................................
832
Server Load Indicator ................................................
833
Usage Graph ...........................................................
834
WCCP ...................................................................
836
Compression ...........................................................
838
LAN vs WAN ............................................................
840
Link Usage..............................................................
841
Service Classes ........................................................
842
Top Applications ......................................................
843
Traffic Shaping ........................................................
845
Configuration Pages........................................................
846
Administrator Interface ..............................................
847
13
Advanced Deployments ..............................................
853
Application Classifiers................................................
858
Licensing ...............................................................
860
Links ....................................................................
863
Logging/Monitoring ...................................................
867
Network Adapters.....................................................
875
CloudBridge Plug-ins..................................................
880
Secure Partners .......................................................
883
Service Classes ........................................................
884
SSL Acceleration ......................................................
888
SSL Encryption.........................................................
889
Traffic Shaping Policies ..............................................
891
Tuning ..................................................................
893
Windows Domain ......................................................
898
System Maintenance Pages ..........................................
899
Backup/Restore..................................................
900
Clear Statistics...................................................
901
Date/Time ........................................................
902
Diagnostics........................................................
903
Restart System ...................................................
907
Update Software.................................................
908
Command Line Reference............................................................
910
CLI Navigation ....................................................................
912
System Tools......................................................................
913
Licenses ...........................................................................
916
Security............................................................................
918
System Status.....................................................................
921
Ethernet Configuration .........................................................
923
Bandwidth Configuration .......................................................
924
Link Configuration ...............................................................
925
Service Class Configuration ....................................................
929
Traffic Shaping Configuration..................................................
933
SNMP Configuration..............................................................
935
Alert Configuration ..............................................................
938
WCCP Configuration .............................................................
941
Logging ............................................................................
944
Proxy Configuration .............................................................
947
14
Client Configuration .............................................................
948
Group Mode Configuration......................................................
950
SSL Configuration ................................................................
953
Test Mode Commands ...........................................................
961
NetScaler Instance Configuration...................................................
962
Load Balancing CloudBridge Accelerators .........................................
966
15
16
CloudBridge 7.1
CloudBridge release 7.1 is compatible with partner appliances running previous Branch
Repeater releases 5.5 and later, and Citrix Branch Repeater with Windows Server releases
2.0 and later. It can be used in a mixed environment that includes units running these older
releases.
What's New in CloudBridge 7.1
The enhancements included in this release aim at simplifying installation and upgrade
operations.
This release includes a single operation to update all components by using a single file. The
management service, XenServer, NetScaler instance (if present), and accelerator are all
updated to the appropriate versions. Additionally, the release includes a single operation to
collect information for technical support from all system components.
The Configuration Wizard for new installation on CloudBridge 4000 and 5000 appliances
requires a reduced number of IP addresses on the management network in addition to the
reduced amount of configuration data you need to specify. The Wizard assigns parameters
automatically for the internal subnets of the appliance. Additionally, the Wizard performs a
complete inline-mode configuration, including the enabling of bypass mode on the
accelerated bridges. The release also includes a feature to bind bridge ports together that
improves port isolation on accelerated bridges.
For a summary of updates, see Release Notes.
19
Main Release
CloudBridge release 7.1.0 introduces new features and bug fixes for the CloudBridge
product line. Major enhancements include a new upgrade procedure for the CloudBridge
2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 appliances, which allows all components of the appliance to be
updated to the correct version in a single operation, and improved port isolation on the
CloudBridge 4000 and 5000 accelerated bridges. A simplified initial configuration process
for the CloudBridge 4000 and 5000 appliances uses fewer IP addresses and configures more
parameters automatically. See the Enhancements section for more details.
The CloudBridge product line was earlier known as Branch Repeater.
CloudBridge release 7.1.0 is compatible with partner appliances running Branch Repeater
release 5.5 or later, Branch Repeater with Windows Server release 2.0 or later, and
CloudBridge release 6.2 or later. It can be used in a mixed environment that includes
appliances running earlier releases.
Important: Before upgrading your CloudBridge 4000 or 5000 appliance, review the
Enhancements section, and see the Recommended Usage section for an appropriate
upgrade path for your deployment.
20
Main Release
CloudBridge release 7.1.0 introduces new features and bug fixes for the CloudBridge
product line. Major enhancements include a new upgrade procedure for the CloudBridge
2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 appliances, which allows all components of the appliance to be
updated to the correct version in a single operation, and improved port isolation on the
CloudBridge 4000 and 5000 accelerated bridges. A simplified initial configuration process
for the CloudBridge 4000 and 5000 appliances uses fewer IP addresses and configures more
parameters automatically. See the Enhancements section for more details.
The CloudBridge product line was earlier known as Branch Repeater.
CloudBridge release 7.1.0 is compatible with partner appliances running Branch Repeater
release 5.5 or later, Branch Repeater with Windows Server release 2.0 or later, and
CloudBridge release 6.2 or later. It can be used in a mixed environment that includes
appliances running earlier releases.
Important: Before upgrading your CloudBridge 4000 or 5000 appliance, review the
Enhancements section, and see the Recommended Usage section for an appropriate
upgrade path for your deployment.
/
