Cisco Citrix NetScaler 1000V User guide

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Citrix NetScaler 1000V

Application Optimization Guide

Citrix NetScaler 10.5

December 11, 2014

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Contents

1 Client Keep-Alive...................................................................................... 9

Configuring Client Keep-Alive................................................................11

To configure client keep-alive by using the command line interface...................11

To configure client keep-alive by using the configuration utility........................12

2 HTTP Compression.................................................................................. 13

Configuring HTTP Compression.............................................................14

To configure compression by using the command line interface...................... 14

To configure compression by using the configuration utility........................... 15

Built-in HTTP Compression Policies.........................................................16

3 Integrated Caching...................................................................................19

How the Integrated Cache Works............................................................21

Example of Dynamic Caching................................................................22

Setting Up the Integrated Cache.............................................................24

Installing the Integrated Cache License................................................24

To install the license for the Integrated Caching feature..........................25

Enabling Integrated Cache..............................................................25

To enable integrated caching by using the command line interface..............25

To enable integrated caching by using the configuration utility...................25

Configuring Global Attributes for Caching..............................................25

To configure global settings for caching by using the command line interface.. 26

To configure global settings for caching by using the configuration utility........26

Built-in Content Group, Pattern Set, and Policies for the Integrated Cache.......... 26

Configuring Selectors and Basic Content Groups...........................................27

Advantages of Selectors................................................................28

Using Parameters Instead of Selectors................................................ 28

Configuring a Selector.................................................................. 29

To configure a selector by using the command line interface.................... 29

To configure a selector by using the configuration utility......................... 30

iii

About Content Groups.................................................................. 30

Process overview: Serving a hit from a content group............................30

Example: Invalidating an object in a content group .............................. 31

Setting Up a Basic Content Group......................................................31

To set up a basic content group by using the command line interface...........31

To set up a basic content group by using the configuration utility................32

Expiring or Flushing Cached Objects...................................................32

How Expiration Methods Are Applied............................................. 33

Expiring a Content Group Manually.................................................... 36

To manually expire all responses in a content group by using the command

line interface........................................................................36

To manually expire all responses in the cache by using the configuration

utility................................................................................36

Configuring Periodic Expiration of a Content Group...................................36

To configure content group expiration by using the command line interface.....36

To configure content group expiration by using the configuration utility..........37

Expiring Individual Responses.................................................... 37

Flushing Responses in a Content Group..........................................37

Deleting a Content Group......................................................... 38

Configuring Policies for Caching and Invalidation...........................................39

Actions to Associate with Integrated Caching Policies.................................40

Bind Points for a Policy................................................................. 41

Order of Policy Evaluation.........................................................42

Configuring a Policy in the Integrated Cache.......................................... 43

To configure a policy for caching by using the command line interface..........43

To configure a policy for invalidation by using the command line interface......44

To configure a policy for caching or invalidation by using the configuration

utility................................................................................44

Globally Binding an Integrated Caching Policy.........................................44

To bind an integrated caching policy globally by using the command line

interface............................................................................45

To bind an integrated caching policy globally by using the configuration utility..45

Binding an Integrated Caching Policy to a Virtual Server..............................45

To bind an integrated caching policy to a virtual server by using the

command line interface............................................................45

To bind an integrated caching policy to a virtual server by using the

configuration utility (virtual server method) .......................................46

To bind an integrated caching policy to a virtual server by using the

configuration utility (Policy Manager method).....................................46

Example: Caching Compressed and Uncompressed Versions of a File.............. 46

Contents

iv

Configuring a Policy Bank for Caching................................................. 47

To invoke a policy label in a caching policy bank by using the command line

interface............................................................................49

To invoke a policy label in a caching policy bank by using the configuration

utility................................................................................49

To invoke a caching policy label in a virtual server policy bank by using the

command line interface............................................................49

To invoke a caching policy label in a virtual server policy bank by using the

configuration utility.................................................................49

Configuring a Policy Label in the Integrated Cache....................................50

To configure a policy label for caching by using the command line interface....50

To configure a policy label for caching by using the configuration utility ........ 51

To rename a policy label by using the configuration utility........................51

Unbinding and Deleting an Integrated Caching Policy and Policy Label..............51

To unbind a global caching policy by using the command line interface.........51

To unbind a virtual server-specific caching policy by using the command

line interface........................................................................51

To delete a caching policy by using the command line interface.................51

To unbind a caching policy by using the configuration utility .....................52

To delete a policy label invocation by using the configuration utility............. 52

Caching Support for Database Protocols....................................................52

Configuring Expressions for Caching Policies and Selectors...............................53

Expression Syntax...................................................................... 54

Configuring an Expression in a Caching Policy or a Selector......................... 55

To configure a policy expression by using the command line interface..........55

To configure a selector expression by using the command line interface........56

To configure a policy or selector expression by using the configuration utility...56

Displaying Cached Objects and Cache Statistics...........................................56

Viewing Cached Objects................................................................57

To view a list of cached objects by using the command line interface........... 57

To view cached objects by using the configuration utility.........................62

Finding Particular Cached Responses................................................. 62

To display cached responses in content groups that do not have a selector

by using the command line interface..............................................62

To display cached responses in content groups that have a selector by

using the command line interface................................................. 62

To display cached responses in content groups that do not have a selector

by using the configuration utility...................................................63

Citrix NetScaler Application Optimization Guide

v

To display cached responses in content groups that have a selector by

using the configuration utility...................................................... 63

Viewing Cache Statistics................................................................63

To view summary cache statistics by using the command line interface.........68

To view specific cache statistics by using the command line interface...........69

To view summary cache statistics by using the configuration utility..............69

To view specific cache statistics by using the configuration utility................69

Improving Cache Performance.............................................................. 69

Reducing Flash Crowds.................................................................69

Refreshing a Response Prior to Expiration....................................... 70

Queuing Requests to the Cache.................................................. 70

Caching a Response after a Client Halts a Download.................................71

To configure quick abort size by using the command line interface..............71

To configure quick abort size by using the configuration utility...................71

Setting a Minimum Number of Server Hits Prior to Caching...........................72

To configure the minimum number of hits that are required before caching

by using the command line interface..............................................72

To configure the minimum number of hits that are required before caching

by using the configuration utility...................................................72

Example of Performance Optimization................................................. 72

Task overview: Configuring caching for a stock quote application............... 72

Configuring Cookies, Headers, and Polling................................................. 73

Divergence of Cache Behavior from the Standards....................................73

Removing Cookies from a Response...................................................74

To configure Remove Response Cookies for a content group by using the

command line interface............................................................74

To configure Remove Response Cookies for a content group by using the

configuration utility.................................................................74

Inserting HTTP Headers at Response Time........................................... 75

Inserting an Age, Via, or ETag Header............................................76

Inserting a Cache-Control Header.................................................76

Ignoring Cache-Control and Pragma Headers in Requests........................... 77

To ignore Cache-Control and Pragma headers in a request by using the

command line interface............................................................78

To ignore browser reload requests by using the command line interface........78

To ignore Cache-Control and Pragma headers in a request by using the

configuration utility.................................................................78

Example of a Policy to Ignore Cache-Control Headers...........................78

Polling the Origin Server Every Time a Request Is Received......................... 79

To configure poll every time by using the command line interface............... 80

Contents

vi

To configure poll every time by using the configuration utility.................... 80

PET and Client-Specific Content..................................................80

PET and Authentication, Authorization, and Auditing.............................81

Configuring the Integrated Cache as a Forward Proxy..................................... 81

To configure the NetScaler as a forward cache proxy by using the command line

interface................................................................................. 81

To configure the NetScaler as a forward cache proxy by using the configuration

utility..................................................................................... 82

Example of an Integrated Caching Configuration........................................... 82

Task overview: an Integrated Caching configuration...................................82

Default Settings for the Integrated Cache................................................... 83

Default Caching Policies................................................................83

Viewing the Default Policies.......................................................83

Default Request Policies ..........................................................83

Default Response Policies.........................................................84

Restrictions on Default Policies................................................... 85

Initial Settings for the Default Content Group.......................................... 86

Troubleshooting.............................................................................. 90

Resources for Troubleshooting.........................................................90

Troubleshooting Integrated Caching Issues............................................90

4 Front End Optimization (10.5 +).....................................................................97

How Front End Optimization Works........................................................100

Configuring Front End Optimization........................................................100

To configure front end optimization by using the command line interface........... 101

Configuring front end optimization by using the configuration utility................. 102

Sample Optimization........................................................................102

5 Content Accelerator (10.1.e and 10.5 +)...........................................................107

How Content Accelerator Works............................................................108

Configuring Content Accelerator........................................................... 109

Configuring content accelerator by using the command line interface...............109

Configuring content accelerator by using the configuration utility.................... 111

6 SPDY (Speedy) (10.1 +).............................................................................113

SPDY Requirements........................................................................114

How SPDY Works over SSL................................................................115

Configuring SPDY on the NetScaler Appliance............................................115

To configure SPDY by using the command line interface............................ 115

To configure SPDY by using the configuration utility................................. 116

Citrix NetScaler Application Optimization Guide

vii

Troubleshooting for SPDY.................................................................. 116

Contents

viii

Chapter 1

Client Keep-Alive

Topics:

•Configuring Client Keep-

Alive

The client keep-alive feature enables multiple client requests

to be sent on a single client connection. This feature helps in

a transaction management environment where typically the

server closes the client connection after serving the response.

The client then opens a new connection for each request and

spends more time on the transaction.

Client keep-alive resolves this issue by keeping the connection

between the client and the appliance (client-side connection)

open even after the server closes the connection with the

appliance. This allows sending multiple client requests using a

single connection and saves the round trips associated with

opening and closing a connection. Client keep-alive is most

beneficial in SSL sessions.

Client keep-alive is also useful under either of the following

conditions:

wWhen the server does not support client keep-alive.

wWhen the server supports client keep-alive but an

application on the server does not support client keep-

alive.

Note: Client keep-alive is applicable for HTTP and SSL

traffic.

Client-keep alive can be configured globally to be able to

handle all traffic. It can also be configured to be active only

on specific services.

In client keep-alive environment, the configured services

intercept the client traffic and the client request is directed

to the origin server. The server sends the response and closes

the connection between the server and the appliance. If a

"Connection: Close" header is present in the server response,

the appliance corrupts this header in the client-side response,

and the client-side connection is kept open. As a result, the

client does not have to open a new connection for the next

request; instead, the connection to the server is reopened.

9

Note: If a server sends back two "Connection: Close"

headers, only one is edited. This results in significant delays

on the client rendering of the object because a client does

not assume that the object has been delivered completely

until the connection is actually closed.

Chapter 1 Client Keep-Alive

10

Configuring Client Keep-Alive

Client keep-alive, by default, is disabled on the NetScaler, both globally and at service

level. Therefore, you must enable the feature at the required scope.

Note: If you enable client keep-alive globally, it is enabled for all services, regardless

of whether you enable it at the service level.

Additionally, if required, you can configure some HTTP parameters to specify the

maximum number of HTTP connections retained in the connection reuse pool, enable

connection multiplexing, and enable persistence Etag.

Note: When Persistent ETag is enabled, the ETag header includes information about

the server that served the content. This ensures that cache validation conditional

requests or browser requests, for that content, always reaches the same server.

To configure client keep-alive by using the

command line interface

At the command prompt, do the following:

1. Enable client keep-alive on the NetScaler.

• At global level

enable ns mode cka

• At service level

set service <name> -CKA YES

Note: Client keep-alive can be enabled only for HTTP and SSL services.

2. Configure the required HTTP parameters on the HTTP profile that is bound to the

service(s).

set ns httpProfile <name> -maxReusePool <value> -conMultiplex ENABLED -

persistentETag ENABLED

Note: Configure these parameters on the nshttp_default_profile HTTP profile, to

make them available globally.

Citrix NetScaler Application Optimization Guide

11

To configure client keep-alive by using the

configuration utility

1. Enable client keep-alive on the NetScaler.

• At global level

Navigate to System > Settings, click Configure Modes and select Client side

Keep Alive.

• At service level

Navigate to Traffic Management > Load Balancing > Services, and select the

required service. In the Settings grouping, enable Client Keep-Alive.

2. Configure the required HTTP parameters on the HTTP profile that is bound to the

service(s).

Navigate to System > Profiles, and on HTTP Profiles tab, select the required

profile and update the required HTTP parameters.

Chapter 1 Client Keep-Alive

12

Chapter 2

HTTP Compression

Topics:

•Configuring HTTP

Compression

•Built-in HTTP Compression

Policies

The NetScaler ADC can apply GZIP or DEFLATE algorithms to

compress the HTTP responses sent from your servers to client

browsers that support compression. Compressed responses use

less bandwidth and improve website performance. The

compressed responses can include both static and dynamically

generated data.

Compression is a policy based feature that supports both

classic and advanced policies. You enable the feature globally

or at the service level, and bind a compression policy globally

or to a virtual server. The policy specifies the type of traffic

to compress.

To configure compression, you must have a basic

understanding of NetScaler policies.

13

Configuring HTTP Compression

Compression, by default, is disabled on the NetScaler ADC. You must enable the feature

before configuring it.

You can enable compression globally or at service level. If you enable compression

globally, it is enabled for all services, regardless of whether you enable it at the service

level.

For either global or service level compression, select or configure a compression policy

that specifies the type of traffic on which to perform compression, and the type of

compression (GZIP and/or DEFALTE) to apply.

The NetScaler ADC provides some built-in actions and built-in policies for compression.

You can use these built-in actions and policies or create new ones.

Note: The selected compression action is performed only if supported by the browser.

Next, you must specify the point at which the compression policy will be evaluated. To

do so, bind the policy either globally or to a load balancing or content switching virtual

server.

Note: When you bind a policy to a virtual server, the policy is evaluated only by

compression-enabled services that are bound to this virtual server.

To configure compression by using the command

line interface

At the command prompt, do the following:

1. Enable compression on NetScaler.

• At global level

enable ns feature cmp

• At service level

set service <name> -CMP YES

Note: Compression can be enabled only for HTTP and SSL services.

2. [Optional] Configure compression parameters that apply globally.

set cmp parameter -cmpLevel <cmpLevel> -quantumSize <integer> [-

addVaryHeader ( ENABLED | DISABLED ) [-varyHeaderValue <string>]]...

Note: Vary header parameters are available from NetScaler 10.5 onwards.

Chapter 2 HTTP Compression

14

3. Create a compression action to specify the type of compression to be performed on

the HTTP response.

add cmp action <name> <cmpType> [-addVaryHeader <addVaryHeader> -

varyHeaderValue <string>]

4. Create a compression policy to specify the condition on which the action will be

performed.

add cmp policy <name> -rule <expression> -resAction <string>

5. Bind a compression policy to specify the point at which the policy will be

evaluated.

• At global level

bind cmp global <policyName> [-priority <positive_integer>] [-state (ENABLED|

DISABLED)]...

• At virtual server

bind lb vserver <vserverName> -policyName <policyName> -priority

<positive_integer>

You can view the run-time statistics by using the following command:

stat cmp -detail

To configure compression by using the

configuration utility

1. Enable compression on NetScaler.

• At global level

Navigate to System > Settings, click Configure Basic Features, and select

HTTP Compression.

• At service level

Navigate to Traffic Management > Load Balancing > Services, select the

service and in the Settings group, enable Compression.

2. [Optional] Configure compression parameters that apply globally.

Navigate to Optimization > HTTP Compression, click Change Compression

Settings and set the relevant parameters.

3. Create a compression action to specify the type of compression to be performed on

the HTTP response.

Navigate to Optimization > HTTP Compression > Actions, click Add, and create a

compression action.

4. Create a compression policy to specify the condition on which the action will be

performed.

Navigate to Optimization > HTTP Compression > Policies, click Add and create a

compression policy by specifying the condition and the corresponding action to be

executed.

Citrix NetScaler Application Optimization Guide

15

5. Bind a compression policy to specify the point at which the policy will be

evaluated.

• At global level

Navigate to Optimization > HTTP Compression > Policies, click Policy Manager

and bind the required policies by specifying the relevant Bind Point and

Connection Type (Request/Response).

• At virtual server level

For load balancing. Navigate to Traffic Management > Load Balancing > Virtual

Servers, select the required virtual server and click Policies to bind the

relevant policy.

For content switching. Navigate to Traffic Management > Content Switching >

Virtual Servers, select the required virtual server and click Policies to bind the

relevant policy.

To view run-time statistics, navigate to Optimization > HTTP Compression, click

Statistics.

Built-in HTTP Compression Policies

The following table describes the built-in HTTP compression policies. These policies are

activated globally when you enable compression.

Table 2-1. Built-in Classic and Advanced Policies for HTTP Compression

Built-in Classic and

Advanced HTTP

Compression Policies

Policy

Type

Description

ns_cmp_content_type Classic Compresses data when the response contains the

header 'Content-Type' and contains text.

ns_adv_cmp_content_

type

Advanc

ed

ns_cmp_msapp Classic Compresses files that are generated by the

following applications:

wMicrosoft Office Word

wMicrosoft Office Excel

wMicrosoft Office PowerPoint

ns_adv_cmp_msapp Advanc

ed

ns_cmp_mscss Classic Compresses CSS files when the request is sent from

a Microsoft Internet Explorer Web browser.

ns_adv_cmp_mscss Advanc

ed

Chapter 2 HTTP Compression

16

Built-in Classic and

Advanced HTTP

Compression Policies

Policy

Type

Description

ns_nocmp_mozilla_47 Classic Does not compress CSS files when a request is sent

from a Mozilla 4.7 Web browser.

ns_adv_nocmp_mozill

a_47

Advanc

ed

ns_nocmp_xml_ie Classic Does not compress when the request is sent from a

Microsoft Internet Explorer browser with a

response header 'Content-Type' and contains

text or xml.

ns_adv_nocmp_xml_ie Advanc

ed

Citrix NetScaler Application Optimization Guide

17

Chapter 2 HTTP Compression

18

Chapter 3

Integrated Caching

Topics:

•How the Integrated Cache

Works

•Example of Dynamic Caching

•Setting Up the Integrated

Cache

•Configuring Selectors and

Basic Content Groups

•Configuring Policies for

Caching and Invalidation

•Caching Support for

Database Protocols

•Configuring Expressions for

Caching Policies and

Selectors

•Displaying Cached Objects

and Cache Statistics

•Improving Cache

Performance

•Configuring Cookies,

Headers, and Polling

•Configuring the Integrated

Cache as a Forward Proxy

•Example of an Integrated

Caching Configuration

•Default Settings for the

Integrated Cache

•Troubleshooting

The integrated cache provides in-memory storage on the

Citrix NetScaler appliance and serves Web content to users

without requiring a round trip to an origin server. For static

content, the integrated cache requires little initial setup.

After you enable the integrated cache feature and perform

basic setup (for example, determining the amount of

NetScaler appliance memory the cache is permitted to use),

the integrated cache uses built-in policies to store and serve

specific types of static content, including simple Web pages

and image files. You can also configure the integrated cache

to store and serve dynamic content that is usually marked as

non-cacheable by Web and application servers (for example,

database records and stock quotes).

When a request or response matches the rule (logical

expression) specified in a built-in policy or a policy that you

have created, the NetScaler appliance performs the action

associated with the policy. By default, all policies store

cached objects in and retrieve them from the Default content

group, but you can create your own content groups for

different types of content.

To enable the NetScaler appliance to find cached objects in a

content group, you can configure selectors, which match

cached objects against expressions, or you can specify

parameters for finding objects in the content group. If you

use selectors (which Citrix recommends), configure them

first, so that you can specify selectors when you configure

content groups. Next, set up any content groups that you

want to add, so that they are available when you configure

the policies. To complete the initial configuration, create

policy banks by binding each policy to a global bind point or a

virtual server, or to a label that can be called from other

policy banks.

You can tune the performance of the integrated cache, using

methods such as pre-loading cached objects before they are

scheduled to expire. To manage the handling of cached data

once it leaves the NetScaler appliance, you can configure

caching-related headers that are inserted into responses. The

19

integrated cache can also act as a forward proxy for other

cache servers.

Note: Integrated caching requires some familiarity with

HTTP requests and responses.

Chapter 3 Integrated Caching

20

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