Cisco 7600 series Configuration manual

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Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and

Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services

Module Configuration Guide

Release 2.3

Text Part Number: OL-6392-01

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CONTENTS

About This Guide xvii

Document Objectives xvii

Audience xvii

Related Documentation xviii

Document Organization xviii

Document Conventions xix

Obtaining Documentation xix

Cisco.com xix

Ordering Documentation xx

Documentation Feedback xx

Obtaining Technical Assistance xx

Cisco Technical Support Website xx

Submitting a Service Request xxi

Definitions of Service Request Severity xxi

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information xxii

Quick Start Steps xxiii

Routed Firewall Configuration Steps xxiii

Transparent Firewall Configuration Steps xxv

CHAPTER

1 Introduction to the Firewall Services Module 1-1

Chassis System Requirements 1-2

Features 1-3

General Features 1-3

Stateful Inspection Feature 1-5

Other Protection Features 1-6

How the Firewall Services Module Works 1-8

Security Policy Overview 1-8

VLAN Interfaces 1-8

How the Firewall Services Module Works with the Switch 1-9

Using the MSFC 1-10

Routed Firewall and Transparent Firewall Modes 1-11

Security Contexts 1-12

Contents

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CHAPTER

2 Configuring the Switch for the Firewall Services Module 2-1

Switch Overview 2-1

Verifying the Module Installation 2-2

Assigning VLANs to the Firewall Services Module 2-2

Prerequisites 2-3

Assigning VLANs in Cisco IOS Software 2-3

Assigning VLANs in Catalyst Operating System Software 2-5

Adding Switched Virtual Interfaces to the MSFC 2-5

SVI Overview 2-6

Configuring SVIs for Cisco IOS Software on the Supervisor Engine 2-8

Configuring SVIs for Catalyst Operating System Software on the Supervisor Engine 2-9

Customizing the FWSM Internal Interface 2-11

Configuring the Switch for Failover 2-11

Assigning VLANs to the Secondary Firewall Services Module 2-12

Adding a Trunk Between a Primary Switch and Secondary Switch 2-12

Ensuring Compatibility with Transparent Firewall Mode 2-12

Managing the Firewall Services Module Boot Partitions 2-12

Flash Memory Overview 2-13

Setting the Default Boot Partition 2-13

Resetting the FWSM or Booting from a Specific Partition 2-13

Resetting the FWSM in Cisco IOS Software 2-14

Resetting the FWSM in Catalyst Operating System Software 2-14

CHAPTER

3 Connecting to the Firewall Services Module and Managing the Configuration 3-1

Sessioning and Logging into the Firewall Services Module 3-1

Managing the Configuration at the CLI 3-3

Saving Configuration Changes 3-3

Viewing the Configuration 3-3

Clearing and Removing Configuration Settings 3-4

Creating Text Configuration Files Offline 3-4

CHAPTER

4 Configuring the Firewall Mode 4-1

Firewall Mode Overview 4-1

Routed Mode Overview 4-1

IP Routing Support 4-2

Network Address Translation 4-2

How Data Moves Through the FWSM in Routed Firewall Mode 4-3

Transparent Mode Overview 4-8

Contents

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Transparent Firewall Features 4-9

Using the Transparent Firewall in Your Network 4-10

Transparent Firewall Guidelines 4-11

How Data Moves Through the Transparent Firewall 4-12

Setting the Firewall Mode 4-16

CHAPTER

5 Managing Security Contexts 5-1

Security Context Overview 5-1

Common Uses for Security Contexts 5-2

Context Configuration Files 5-2

How the FWSM Classifies Packets 5-2

IP Routing Support 5-5

Sharing Resources and Interfaces Between Contexts 5-5

Sharing Resources 5-6

Shared Interface Limitations 5-7

Logging into the FWSM in Multiple Context Mode 5-9

Enabling or Disabling Multiple Context Mode 5-10

Backing Up the Single Mode Configuration 5-10

Entering an Activation Key for Multiple Security Contexts 5-10

Enabling Multiple Context Mode 5-11

Restoring Single Context Mode 5-11

Configuring Resource Management 5-11

Classes and Class Members Overview 5-12

Resource Limits 5-12

Default Class 5-13

Class Members 5-14

Configuring a Class 5-14

ACL Memory Partitions Overview 5-17

Configuring ACL Memory Partitions 5-17

Configuring a Security Context 5-19

Removing a Security Context 5-22

Changing the Admin Context 5-22

Changing Between Contexts and the System Execution Space 5-22

Changing the Security Context URL 5-23

Reloading a Security Context 5-24

Reloading by Clearing the Configuration 5-24

Reloading by Removing and Re-adding the Context 5-24

Monitoring Security Contexts 5-24

Contents

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Viewing Context Information 5-25

Viewing Resource Allocation 5-26

Viewing Resource Usage 5-28

Monitoring SYN Attacks using TCP Intercept 5-29

CHAPTER

6 Configuring Basic Settings 6-1

Changing the Passwords 6-1

Changing the Login Password 6-2

Changing the Enable Password 6-2

Changing the Maintenance Partition Passwords 6-2

Setting the Host Name 6-4

Setting the Domain Name 6-5

Adding a Login Banner 6-5

Configuring Interfaces 6-6

Security Level Overview 6-6

Setting the Name and Security Level 6-7

Allowing Communication Between Interfaces on the Same Security Level 6-8

Turning Off and Turning On Interfaces 6-10

Configuring Connection Limits for Non-NAT Configurations 6-10

CHAPTER

7 Configuring Bridging Parameters and ARP Inspection 7-1

Customizing the MAC Address Table 7-1

MAC Address Table Overview 7-1

Adding a Static MAC Address 7-2

Setting the MAC Address Timeout 7-2

Disabling MAC Address Learning 7-2

Viewing the MAC Address Table 7-3

Configuring ARP Inspection 7-3

ARP Inspection Overview 7-3

Adding a Static ARP Entry 7-4

Enabling ARP Inspection 7-4

CHAPTER

8 Configuring IP Addresses, Routing, and DHCP 8-1

Configuring IP Addresses 8-1

Assigning IP Addresses to Interfaces for a Routed Firewall 8-2

Setting the Management IP Address for a Transparent Firewall 8-2

Configuring the Default Route 8-2

Configuring Static Routes 8-3

Contents

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Configuring OSPF 8-4

OSPF Overview 8-4

Enabling OSPF 8-5

Redistributing Routes Between OSPF Processes 8-6

Adding a Route Map 8-6

Redistributing Static, Connected, or OSPF Routes to an OSPF Process 8-8

Configuring OSPF Interface Parameters 8-9

Configuring OSPF Area Parameters 8-11

Configuring OSPF NSSA 8-12

Configuring Route Summarization Between OSPF Areas 8-13

Configuring Route Summarization When Redistributing Routes into OSPF 8-14

Generating a Default Route 8-14

Configuring Route Calculation Timers 8-15

Logging Neighbors Going Up or Down 8-15

Displaying OSPF Update Packet Pacing 8-16

Monitoring OSPF 8-16

Restarting the OSPF Process 8-17

Configuring RIP 8-18

RIP Overview 8-18

Enabling RIP 8-18

Configuring the DHCP Server 8-19

Enabling the DHCP Server 8-19

Using Cisco IP Phones with a DHCP Server 8-20

Configuring DHCP Relay 8-21

CHAPTER

9 Configuring Network Address Translation 9-1

NAT Overview 9-1

Introduction to NAT 9-2

NAT Types 9-3

Dynamic NAT 9-3

PAT 9-4

Static NAT 9-5

Static PAT 9-5

Bypassing NAT 9-7

Policy NAT 9-8

Outside NAT 9-10

NAT and Same Security Level Interfaces 9-11

Order of NAT Commands Used to Match Local Addresses 9-12

Maximum Number of NAT Statements 9-12

Contents

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Global Address Guidelines 9-12

DNS and NAT 9-13

Setting Connection Limits in the NAT Configuration 9-16

Using Dynamic NAT and PAT 9-16

Dynamic NAT and PAT Implementation 9-17

Configuring NAT or PAT 9-23

Using Static NAT 9-26

Using Static PAT 9-27

Bypassing NAT 9-29

Configuring Identity NAT 9-29

Configuring Static Identity NAT 9-30

Configuring NAT Exemption 9-31

NAT Examples 9-32

Overlapping Networks 9-33

Redirecting Ports 9-34

CHAPTER

10 Controlling Network Access with Access Control Lists 10-1

Access Control List Overview 10-1

Access Control List Types and Uses 10-2

Access Control List Type Overview 10-2

Controlling Network Access for IP Traffic (Extended) 10-2

Identifying Traffic for AAA rules (Extended) 10-3

Controlling Network Access for IP Traffic for a Given User (Extended) 10-4

Identifying Addresses for Policy NAT and NAT Exemption (Extended) 10-4

VPN Management Access (Extended) 10-5

Controlling Network Access for Non-IP Traffic (EtherType) 10-5

Redistributing OSPF Routes (Standard) 10-6

Access Control List Guidelines 10-6

Access Control Entry Order 10-6

Access Control List Implicit Deny 10-6

Access Control List Commit 10-6

Maximum Number of ACEs 10-7

IP Addresses Used for Access Control Lists When You Use NAT 10-7

Inbound and Outbound Access Control Lists 10-10

Access Control List Override 10-13

Adding an Extended Access Control List 10-13

Adding an EtherType Access Control List 10-16

Adding a Standard Access Control List 10-17

Contents

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Simplifying Access Control Lists with Object Grouping 10-18

How Object Grouping Works 10-18

Adding Object Groups 10-19

Adding a Protocol Object Group 10-19

Adding a Network Object Group 10-20

Adding a Service Object Group 10-20

Adding an ICMP Type Object Group 10-21

Nesting Object Groups 10-22

Using Object Groups with an Access Control List 10-23

Displaying Object Groups 10-24

Removing Object Groups 10-24

Manually Committing Access Control Lists and Rules 10-24

Adding Remarks to Access Control Lists 10-25

Logging Extended Access Control List Activity 10-26

Access Control List Logging Overview 10-26

Configuring Logging for an Access Control Entry 10-27

Managing Deny Flows 10-28

CHAPTER

11 Allowing Remote Management 11-1

Allowing Telnet 11-1

Allowing SSH 11-2

Configuring SSH Access 11-3

Using an SSH Client 11-4

Allowing HTTPS for PDM 11-4

Allowing a VPN Management Connection 11-5

Configuring Basic Settings for All Tunnels 11-5

Configuring VPN Client Access 11-7

Configuring a Site-to-Site Tunnel 11-9

Allowing ICMP to and from the FWSM 11-10

CHAPTER

12 Configuring AAA 12-1

AAA Overview 12-1

AAA Performance 12-2

About Authentication 12-2

About Authorization 12-2

About Accounting 12-3

AAA Server and Local Database Support 12-4

Configuring the Local Database 12-6

Contents

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Identifying a AAA Server 12-6

Configuring Authentication for CLI Access 12-8

Configuring Authentication to Access Privileged Mode 12-8

Configuring Authentication for the enable Command 12-9

Authenticating Users Using the login Command 12-9

Configuring Command Authorization 12-10

Command Authorization Overview 12-10

Configuring Local Command Authorization 12-10

Local Command Authorization Prerequisites 12-11

Default Command Privilege Levels 12-11

Assigning Privilege Levels to Commands and Enabling Authorization 12-11

Viewing Command Privilege Levels 12-13

Configuring TACACS+ Command Authorization 12-13

TACACS+ Command Authorization Prerequisites 12-14

Configuring Commands on the TACACS+ Server 12-14

Enabling TACACS+ Command Authorization 12-17

Viewing the Current Logged-In User 12-18

Recovering from a Lockout 12-19

Configuring Authentication for Network Access 12-20

Authentication Overview 12-20

Enabling Network Access Authentication 12-21

Enabling Secure Authentication of Web Clients 12-22

Configuring Authorization for Network Access 12-23

Configuring TACACS+ Authorization 12-24

Configuring RADIUS Authorization 12-25

Configuring the RADIUS Server to Download Per-User Access Control Lists 12-25

Configuring the RADIUS Server to Download Per-User Access Control List Names 12-27

Configuring Accounting for Network Access 12-27

CHAPTER

13 Configuring Application Protocol Inspection 13-1

Inspection Engine Overview 13-1

When to Use Application Protocol Inspection 13-1

Inspection Limitations 13-2

Inspection Support 13-2

Configuring an Inspection Engine 13-4

Detailed Information About Inspection Engines 13-5

CUSeeMe Inspection Engine 13-5

DNS over UDP Inspection Engine 13-6

Contents

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FTP Inspection Engine 13-6

H.323 Inspection Engine 13-7

Configuring the H.323 Inspection Engine 13-7

Multiple Calls on One Call Signalling Connection 13-8

Viewing Connection Status 13-8

Technical Background 13-8

HTTP Inspection Engine 13-10

ICMP Inspection Engine 13-10

ICMP Error Inspection Engine 13-11

ILS Inspection Engine 13-11

MGCP Inspection Engine 13-12

MGCP Overview 13-13

Configuration for Multiple Call Agents and Gateways 13-13

Viewing MGCP Information 13-14

NetBios Name Service Inspection Engine 13-14

OraServ Inspection Engine 13-14

RealAudio Inspection Engine 13-14

RSH Inspection Engine 13-15

RTSP Inspection Engine 13-15

SIP Inspection Engine 13-16

Configuring the SIP Inspection Engine 13-16

SIP Overview 13-17

Technical Background 13-17

Skinny Inspection Engine 13-18

Skinny Overview 13-18

Problems with Fragmented Skinny Packets 13-19

SMTP Inspection Engine 13-19

SQL*Net Inspection Engine 13-20

Sun RPC Inspection Engine 13-21

TFTP Inspection Engine 13-21

XDMCP Inspection Engine 13-22

CHAPTER

14 Filtering HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP Requests Using an External Server 14-1

Filtering Overview 14-1

Configuring General Filtering Parameters 14-2

Identifying the Filtering Server 14-2

Buffering Replies 14-3

Setting the Maximum Length of Long HTTP URLs 14-4

Caching URL Servers 14-4

Contents

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Filtering HTTP URLs 14-5

Filtering HTTPS URLs 14-6

Filtering FTP Requests 14-6

Viewing Filtering Statistics 14-6

Viewing Filtering Server Statistics 14-7

Viewing Caching Statistics 14-7

Viewing Filtering Performance Statistics 14-8

CHAPTER

15 Using Failover 15-1

Understanding Failover 15-1

Failover Overview 15-2

Regular and Stateful Failover 15-2

Failover and State Links 15-3

Failover Link 15-3

State Link 15-3

Module Placement 15-4

Intra-Chassis Failover 15-4

Inter-Chassis Failover 15-4

Transparent Firewall Requirements 15-9

Primary/Secondary Status and Active/Standby Status 15-10

Configuration Replication 15-10

Disabling Configuration Synchronization 15-12

Failover Triggers 15-12

Failover Actions 15-12

Failover Monitoring 15-13

Module Health Monitoring 15-13

Interface Monitoring 15-14

Configuring Failover 15-15

Configuring the Primary Module 15-15

Configuring the Secondary Module 15-18

Verifying the Failover Configuration 15-19

Using the Show Failover Command 15-19

Viewing Monitored Interfaces 15-22

Testing the Failover Functionality 15-22

Forcing Failover 15-23

Disabling Failover 15-23

Monitoring Failover 15-23

Failover System Messages 15-24

SNMP 15-24

Contents

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Debug Messages 15-24

Frequently Asked Failover Questions 15-24

Configuration Replication Questions 15-24

Basic Failover Questions 15-25

Stateful Failover Questions 15-26

Failover Configuration Example 15-27

CHAPTER

16 Managing Software and Configuration Files 16-1

Installing Application or PDM Software 16-1

Installation Overview 16-1

Installing Application or PDM Software to the Current Partition 16-2

Installing Application Software to Any Application Partition 16-3

Installing Maintenance Software 16-5

Downloading and Backing Up Configuration Files 16-5

Downloading a Text Configuration 16-6

Backing Up the Configuration 16-7

Copying the Configuration to a Server 16-7

Copying the Configuration from the Terminal Display 16-8

CHAPTER

17 Monitoring and Troubleshooting the Firewall Services Module 17-1

Monitoring the Firewall Services Module 17-1

Using System Messages 17-1

Using SNMP 17-1

SNMP Overview 17-2

Enabling SNMP 17-3

Troubleshooting the Firewall Services Module 17-4

Testing Your Configuration 17-4

Enabling ICMP Debug Messages and System Messages 17-4

Pinging FWSM Interfaces 17-5

Pinging Through the FWSM 17-7

Disabling the Test Configuration 17-8

Reloading the Firewall Services Module 17-8

Reloading the FWSM from the FWSM CLI 17-8

Reloading the FWSM from the Switch 17-9

Troubleshooting Passwords and AAA 17-9

Clearing the Application Partition Passwords and AAA Settings 17-9

Recovering the Maintenance Partition Passwords 17-10

Other Troubleshooting Tools 17-10

Viewing Debug Messages 17-10

Contents

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Capturing Packets 17-10

Viewing the Crash Dump 17-11

Common Problems 17-11

APPENDIX

A Specifications A-1

Physical Attributes A-1

Feature Limits A-2

Managed System Resources A-3

Fixed System Resources A-4

Rule Limits A-5

APPENDIX

B Sample Configurations B-1

Routed Mode Examples B-1

Example 1: Security Contexts With Outside Access B-1

Example 1: System Configuration B-2

Example 1: Admin Context Configuration B-3

Example 1: Customer A Context Configuration B-4

Example 1: Customer B Context Configuration B-4

Example 1: Customer C Context Configuration B-4

Example 1: Switch Configuration B-5

Example 2: Single Mode Using Same Security Level B-5

Example 2: FWSM Configuration B-6

Example 2: Switch Configuration B-7

Example 3: Shared Resources for Multiple Contexts B-8

Example 3: System Configuration B-9

Example 3: Admin Context Configuration B-9

Example 3: Department 1 Context Configuration B-10

Example 3: Department 2 Context Configuration B-11

Example 3: Switch Configuration B-11

Example 4: Failover B-11

Example 4: Primary FWSM Configuration B-12

Example 4: Secondary FWSM System Configuration B-14

Example 4: Switch Configuration B-14

Transparent Mode Examples B-15

Example 5: Security Contexts With Outside Access B-15

Example 5: System Configuration B-16

Example 5: Admin Context Configuration B-17

Example 5: Customer A Context Configuration B-17

Example 5: Customer B Context Configuration B-17

Contents

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Example 5: Customer C Context Configuration B-18

Example 5: Switch Configuration B-18

Example 6: Failover B-18

Example 6: Primary FWSM Configuration B-19

Example 6: Secondary FWSM System Configuration B-21

Example 6: Switch Configuration B-21

APPENDIX

C Understanding the Command-Line Interface C-1

Command Prompts C-1

Syntax Formatting C-2

Abbreviating Commands C-2

Command Line Editing C-3

Filtering Show Command Output C-3

Command Output Paging C-4

Adding Comments C-4

Text Configuration Files C-4

How Commands Correspond with Lines in the Text File C-5

Subcommands C-5

Automatic Text Entries C-5

Line Order C-5

Commands Not Included in the Text Configuration C-5

Passwords C-6

Multiple Security Context Files C-6

Command Help C-6

APPENDIX

D Addresses, Protocols, and Ports Reference D-1

IP Addresses and Subnet Masks D-1

Classes D-1

Private Networks D-2

Subnet Masks D-2

Determining the Subnet Mask D-3

Determining the Address to Use with the Subnet Mask D-3

Protocols and Applications D-5

TCP and UDP Ports D-6

ICMP Types D-9

Contents

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APPENDIX

E Acronyms and Abbreviations E-1

I

NDEX

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About This Guide

This guide contains the following sections:

• Document Objectives, page xvii

• Audience, page xvii

• Related Documentation, page xviii

• Document Organization, page xviii

• Document Conventions, page xix

• Obtaining Documentation, page xix

• Documentation Feedback, page xx

• Obtaining Technical Assistance, page xx

• Obtaining Additional Publications and Information, page xxii

Document Objectives

The purpose of this guide is to help you configure the Firewall Services Module (FWSM) for the most

common scenarios using the command line interface. It does not cover every feature, but it does describe

those tasks most commonly required for configuration.

Audience

This guide is for network managers who perform any of the following tasks:

• Managing network security

• Installing and configuring firewalls

• Managing default and static routes, and TCP and UDP services

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About This Guide

Related Documentation

For more information, refer to the following documentation set for the FWSM:

• Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module Command

Reference

• Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module System

Messages Guide

• Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services Module Installation

Note

• Release Notes for the Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router Firewall Services

Module

Document Organization

This guide includes the following chapters and appendixes:

• “Quick Start Steps” provides pointers to the minimum configuration required for routed or

transparent mode.

• Chapter 1, “Introduction to the Firewall Services Module,” describes the system requirements and

features.

• Chapter 2, “Configuring the Switch for the Firewall Services Module,” tells how to configure the

switch for use with the FWSM.

• Chapter 3, “Connecting to the Firewall Services Module and Managing the Configuration,” tells

how to access the FWSM command line interface (CLI) and manage the configuration.

• Chapter 4, “Configuring the Firewall Mode,” tells how to set the firewall mode.

• Chapter 5, “Managing Security Contexts,” tells how to configure multiple security contexts.

• Chapter 6, “Configuring Basic Settings,” tells how to configure basic settings that are either

essential or useful to the operation of your FWSM.

• Chapter 7, “Configuring Bridging Parameters and ARP Inspection,” tells how to customize the

operation of the transparent firewall.

• Chapter 8, “Configuring IP Addresses, Routing, and DHCP,” tells how to configure IP addresses,

static routes, dynamic routing, and DHCP.

• Chapter 9, “Configuring Network Address Translation,” tells how to configure Network Address

Translation (NAT).

• Chapter 10, “Controlling Network Access with Access Control Lists,” tells how to control network

access through the FWSM using access control lists (ACLs).

• Chapter 11, “Allowing Remote Management,” tells how to allow remote management access to the

FWSM.

• Chapter 12, “Configuring AAA,” tells how to configure AAA, which includes command

authorization, CLI access authentication, and AAA for traffic through the FWSM.

• Chapter 13, “Configuring Application Protocol Inspection,” tells how to configure inspection

engines.

• Chapter 14, “Filtering HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP Requests Using an External Server,” tells how to

configure filtering.

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About This Guide

Document Conventions

• Chapter 15, “Using Failover,” tells how to configure a primary and secondary FWSM for

redundancy.

• Chapter 16, “Managing Software and Configuration Files,” tells how to upgrade or reinstall FWSM

software.

• Chapter 17, “Monitoring and Troubleshooting the Firewall Services Module,” tells how to monitor

and troubleshoot the FWSM. See the Catalyst 6500 Series Switch and Cisco 7600 Series Router

Firewall Services Module System Messages Guide for detailed information about system logging.

• Appendix A, “Specifications,” lists the specifications for the FWSM.

• Appendix B, “Sample Configurations,” shows some common scenarios and the configurations that

support them.

• Appendix C, “Understanding the Command-Line Interface,” describes the CLI.

• Appendix D, “Addresses, Protocols, and Ports Reference,” provides reference information,

including lists of TCP, UDP, and ICMP port types, and common subnet masks.

• Appendix E, “Acronyms and Abbreviations,” lists acronyms and abbreviations used in this guide.

• “Index” provides easy access to topics within the guide.

Document Conventions

This guide uses the following conventions:

Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not

covered in the manual.

Syntax formatting is described in the “Syntax Formatting” section on page C-2.

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several

ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain

technical information from Cisco Systems.

Cisco.com

You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/home/home.htm

You can access the Cisco website at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com

You can access international Cisco websites at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml

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About This Guide

Documentation Feedback

Ordering Documentation

You can find instructions for ordering documentation at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/es_inpck/pdi.htm

You can order Cisco documentation in these ways:

• Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order Cisco product documentation from

the Ordering tool:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/index.shtml

• Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by

calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters (California, USA) at 408 526-7208 or, elsewhere in

North America, by calling 1 800 553-NETS (6387).

Documentation Feedback

You can send comments about technical documentation to bug-doc@cisco.com.

You can submit comments by using the response card (if present) behind the front cover of your

document or by writing to the following address:

Cisco Systems

Attn: Customer Document Ordering

170 West Tasman Drive

San Jose, CA 95134-9883

We appreciate your comments.

Obtaining Technical Assistance

For all customers, partners, resellers, and distributors who hold valid Cisco service contracts, Cisco

Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day, award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical

Support Website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, Cisco Technical

Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not hold a valid Cisco service

contract, contact your reseller.

Cisco Technical Support Website

The Cisco Technical Support Website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and

resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day,

365 days a year, at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support Website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

If you have a valid service contract but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this URL:

http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do

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