Aruba JF232A Installation guide

HPE FlexNetwork MSR3000 Routers

Comware 7 High Availability Configuration Guide

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Contents

Configuring interface backup ········································································· 1

About interface backup ······································································································································ 1

Compatible interfaces ································································································································ 1

Backup modes ··········································································································································· 1

Restrictions and guidelines: Interface backup configuration ·············································································· 3

Interface backup tasks at a glance····················································································································· 3

Prerequisites for configuring interface backup ··································································································· 3

Explicitly specifying backup interfaces without traffic thresholds ······································································· 4

Using interface backup with the Track module ·································································································· 4

Configuring load-shared interface backup ········································································································· 5

Display and maintenance commands for interface backup ··············································································· 6

Interface backup configuration examples ·········································································································· 6

Example: Configuring strict active/standby interface backup ····································································· 6

Example: Configuring strict active/standby interface backup with the Track module ································· 8

Example: Configuring load-shared interface backup ················································································· 9

Configuring CFD ·························································································· 12

About CFD ······················································································································································· 12

Basic CFD concepts ································································································································· 12

CFD levels ················································································································································ 12

Packet processing of MEPs ····················································································································· 14

CFD functions ·········································································································································· 14

Port collaboration ····································································································································· 16

Collaboration between CFD and Track ···································································································· 17

Protocols and standards ·························································································································· 17

Restrictions and guidelines: CFD configuration ······························································································· 17

CFD tasks at a glance ······································································································································ 18

Prerequisites for CFD······································································································································· 18

Configuring basic CFD settings ······················································································································· 18

Enabling CFD ··········································································································································· 18

Configuring service instances ·················································································································· 19

Configuring MEPs ···································································································································· 19

Configuring CFD functions ······························································································································· 20

Configuring CC ········································································································································· 20

Configuring LB ········································································································································· 21

Configuring LT ·········································································································································· 21

Configuring AIS ········································································································································ 22

Configuring LM ········································································································································· 22

Configuring one-way DM ·························································································································· 23

Configuring two-way DM ·························································································································· 23

Configuring TST ······································································································································· 23

Configuring threshold alarm ····················································································································· 24

Configuring port collaboration ·························································································································· 24

Display and maintenance commands for CFD ································································································ 26

CFD configuration examples ···························································································································· 27

Configuring DLDP ························································································ 34

About DLDP ····················································································································································· 34

Application scenario ································································································································· 34

Basic concepts ········································································································································· 35

How DLDP works ····································································································································· 36

Restrictions and guidelines: DLDP configuration ····························································································· 38

DLDP tasks at a glance···································································································································· 39

Enabling DLDP················································································································································· 39

Setting the interval to send advertisement packets ························································································· 39

Setting the DelayDown timer···························································································································· 39

Setting the global port shutdown mode ············································································································ 40

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Configuring DLDP authentication ····················································································································· 40

Display and maintenance commands for DLDP ······························································································ 41

DLDP configuration examples ························································································································· 41

Example: Configuring the auto port shutdown mode ··············································································· 41

Example: Configuring the manual port shutdown mode ·········································································· 44

Configuring VRRP ······················································································· 49

About VRRP ····················································································································································· 49

VRRP standard mode ······································································································································ 50

VRRP networking ····································································································································· 50

Virtual IP address and IP address owner ································································································· 50

Router priority in a VRRP group ··············································································································· 50

Preemption ··············································································································································· 50

Authentication method ····························································································································· 51

VRRP timers ············································································································································ 51

Master election ········································································································································· 52

VRRP tracking ·········································································································································· 52

VRRP application ····································································································································· 52

VRRP load balancing mode ····························································································································· 54

Virtual MAC address assignment ············································································································· 54

Virtual forwarder ······································································································································· 56

Protocols and standards ·································································································································· 58

Configuring IPv4 VRRP···································································································································· 58

Restrictions and guidelines: IPv4 VRRP configuration ············································································ 58

IPv4 VRRP tasks at a glance ··················································································································· 58

Specifying an IPv4 VRRP operating mode ······························································································ 58

Specifying the IPv4 VRRP version ··········································································································· 59

Configuring an IPv4 VRRP group ············································································································ 59

Specifying an IPv4 VRRP control VLAN ·································································································· 61

Configuring IPv4 VRRP packet attributes ································································································ 62

Configuring VF tracking ···························································································································· 63

Enabling SNMP notifications for VRRP ···································································································· 64

Display and maintenance commands for IPv4 VRRP ·············································································· 64

Configuring IPv6 VRRP···································································································································· 64

Restrictions and guidelines: IPv6 VRRP configuration ············································································ 64

IPv6 VRRP tasks at a glance ··················································································································· 64

Specifying an IPv6 VRRP operating mode ······························································································ 65

Configuring an IPv6 VRRP group ············································································································ 65

Specifying an IPv6 VRRP control VLAN ·································································································· 67

Configuring VF tracking ···························································································································· 68

Configuring IPv6 VRRP packet attributes ································································································ 69

Display and maintenance commands for IPv6 VRRP ·············································································· 70

IPv4 VRRP configuration examples ················································································································· 70

Example: Configuring a single VRRP group ···························································································· 70

Example: Configuring multiple VRRP groups ·························································································· 73

Example: Configuring VRRP load balancing···························································································· 75

IPv6 VRRP configuration examples ················································································································· 83

Example: Configuring a single VRRP group ···························································································· 83

Example: Configuring multiple VRRP groups ·························································································· 86

Example: Configuring VRRP load balancing···························································································· 88

Troubleshooting VRRP ···································································································································· 97

An error prompt is displayed ···················································································································· 97

Multiple masters appear in a VRRP group ······························································································· 97

Fast VRRP state flapping ························································································································· 98

Configuring the Layer 3 connection keepalive feature ································· 99

About Layer 3 connection keepalive ················································································································ 99

Restrictions and guidelines: Layer 3 connection keepalive configuration ························································ 99

Layer 3 connection keepalive tasks at a glance ······························································································ 99

Configuring the Layer 3 connection keepalive feature ··················································································· 100

Display and maintenance commands for Layer 3 connection keepalive ······················································· 100

Layer 3 connection keepalive configuration examples ·················································································· 100

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Example: Configuring the Layer 3 connection keepalive feature ··························································· 100

Configuring error code detection ································································ 102

About error code detection ····························································································································· 102

Error code detection fundamentals ················································································································ 102

Interface error code detection ················································································································ 102

Link quality detection ······························································································································ 102

Error code detection deployment ··················································································································· 103

Restrictions and guidelines: Error code detection configuration ···································································· 103

Configuring interface error code detection ····································································································· 104

Configuring link quality detection ··················································································································· 104

Configuring the bit error ratio calculation factors for an interface ·································································· 105

Display and maintenance commands for error code detection ······································································ 105

Configuring the HA group ·········································································· 107

About the HA group········································································································································ 107

Application scenario ······························································································································· 107

Basic HA group concepts ······················································································································· 108

Operating modes of the HA group ········································································································· 108

HA data synchronization ························································································································ 110

HA group member switchover mechanisms ··························································································· 112

Associating the HA group with VRRP ···································································································· 112

Associating the HA group with routing protocols ···················································································· 114

Transparent in-path deployment of the HA group ·················································································· 115

Restrictions: Hardware compatibility with the HA group ················································································ 116

Restrictions and guidelines: HA group configuration ····················································································· 117

Member device restrictions and guidelines ···························································································· 117

Interface restrictions and guidelines······································································································· 117

HA channel restrictions and guidelines ·································································································· 117

HA group deployment restrictions and guidelines ·················································································· 117

Feature compatibility restrictions············································································································ 118

Hardware environment consistency ······································································································· 118

Software environment consistency ········································································································ 119

Network interconnection restrictions ······································································································ 119

HA group configuration flow ··························································································································· 119

HA group tasks at a glance ···························································································································· 120

Configuring the HA role ·································································································································· 121

Configuring the HA control channel ··············································································································· 121

Configuring the HA data channel ··················································································································· 122

Enabling service entry hot backup ················································································································· 122

Configuring HA configuration synchronization ······························································································· 123

Enabling traffic switchover upon failure recovery ··························································································· 124

Configuring the active/standby mode ············································································································· 124

Configuring the dual-active mode ·················································································································· 124

Associating the HA group with VRRP ············································································································ 125

Associating the HA group with routing protocols···························································································· 125

Configuring HA group transparent in-path deployment ·················································································· 126

Enabling the HA group to monitor interfaces ························································································· 126

Enabling the HA group to monitor VLANs ······························································································ 126

Associating the HA group with Track ············································································································· 127

Performing an active/standby switchover ······································································································ 127

Configuring service features on the HA group ······························································································· 128

NAT on the HA group ····························································································································· 128

HA group support for SSL VPN ·············································································································· 130

HA group support for DPI services ········································································································· 131

HA group deployment schemes ····················································································································· 131

Routed in-path deployment in active/standby mode ·············································································· 131

Routed in-path deployment in dual-active mode ···················································································· 133

Transparent in-path deployment in active/standby mode ······································································ 134

Transparent in-path deployment in dual-active mode ············································································ 135

Display and maintenance commands for the HA group ················································································· 136

HA group configuration examples (IPv4) ······································································································· 137

iv

Example: Configuring the HA group in active/standby mode in collaboration with VRRP ····················· 137

Example: Configuring the HA group in dual-active mode in collaboration with VRRP ··························· 142

Example: Configuring the HA group in active/standby mode in collaboration with a routing protocol ··· 146

Example: Configuring the HA group in dual-active mode in collaboration with a routing protocol ········· 150

Example: Configuring a transparent in-path HA group in active/standby mode····································· 154

Example: Configuring a transparent in-path HA group in dual-active mode ·········································· 158

Example: Configuring NAT on the HA group in active/standby mode in collaboration with VRRP ········ 161

Example: Configuring NAT on the HA group in dual-active mode in collaboration with VRRP ·············· 163

HA group configuration examples (IPv6) ······································································································· 166

Example: Configuring the HA group in active/standby mode in collaboration with VRRP ····················· 166

Example: Configuring the HA group in dual-active mode in collaboration with a routing protocol ········· 171

Configuring BFD ························································································ 177

About BFD······················································································································································ 177

Single-hop detection and multihop detection ························································································· 177

BFD session modes ······························································································································· 177

Supported features ································································································································· 178

Protocols and standards ························································································································ 178

Restrictions and guidelines: BFD configuration ····························································································· 179

Configuring BFD sessions in echo packet mode ··························································································· 179

About this task ········································································································································ 179

Restrictions and guidelines ···················································································································· 179

Creating a static BFD session ················································································································ 179

Configuring BFD session parameters for single-hop detection ······························································ 181

Configuring BFD session parameters for multihop detection ································································· 181

Configuring BFD sessions in control packet mode ························································································ 181

About BFD session creation methods ···································································································· 181

Restrictions and guidelines ···················································································································· 182

Configuring a static BFD session ··········································································································· 182

Configuring BFD session parameters for single-hop detection ······························································ 184

Configuring BFD session parameters for multihop detection ································································· 184

Enabling the echo function ····························································································································· 185

Associating the interface state with BFD········································································································ 186

Configuring a BFD template ··························································································································· 187

Enabling SNMP notifications for BFD ············································································································ 187

Display and maintenance commands for BFD ······························································································· 188

Configuring SBFD ······················································································ 189

About SBFD ··················································································································································· 189

Restrictions and guidelines: SBFD configuration ··························································································· 189

SBFD tasks at a glance·································································································································· 189

Configuring the initiator ·································································································································· 189

Restrictions and guidelines ···················································································································· 189

Configuring the initiator for SRv6 TE policy detection ············································································ 190

Configuring the reflector ································································································································· 191

Configuring a BFD template ··························································································································· 191

Display and maintenance commands for SBFD ···························································································· 192

Configuring process placement ································································· 193

About process placement······························································································································· 193

Process ·················································································································································· 193

Node ······················································································································································· 193

Process redundancy ······························································································································ 193

Process placement ································································································································· 193

Default process placement policy ·········································································································· 193

Process placement affinities ·················································································································· 194

Process placement optimization ············································································································ 194

Restrictions: Hardware compatibility with process placement ······································································· 194

Restrictions and guidelines: process placement configuration ······································································ 195

Process placement tasks at a glance············································································································· 195

Configuring process placement policy ··········································································································· 195

Configuring a location affinity ················································································································· 195

v

Configuring a location type affinity ········································································································· 196

Configuring a process affinity ················································································································· 196

Configuring a self affinity ························································································································ 196

Optimizing process placement ······················································································································· 197

Display and maintenance commands for process placement ········································································ 197

Configuring Track ······················································································ 199

About Track ···················································································································································· 199

Collaboration mechanism ······················································································································· 199

Supported detection modules ················································································································ 200

Supported application modules ·············································································································· 200

Restrictions and guidelines: Track configuration···························································································· 200

Collaboration application example ················································································································· 201

Track tasks at a glance ·································································································································· 201

Associating Track with a detection module object ························································································· 202

Associating Track with NQA ··················································································································· 202

Associating Track with BFD ··················································································································· 202

Associating Track with CFD ··················································································································· 203

Associating Track with interface management······················································································· 203

Associating Track with route management ···························································································· 204

Associating Track with a tracked list ·············································································································· 205

Associating Track with a Boolean list ····································································································· 205

Associating Track with a percentage threshold list ················································································ 205

Associating Track with a weight threshold list ························································································ 206

Associating the Track module with an application module············································································· 207

Prerequisites for associating the Track module with an application module ····································· 207

Associating Track with VRRP ················································································································ 207

Associating Track with static routing ······································································································ 208

Associating Track with PBR ··················································································································· 210

Associating Track with interface backup ································································································ 212

Associating Track with VPLS ················································································································· 212

Associating Track with VXLAN ··············································································································· 213

Associating Track with MPLS L2VPN ···································································································· 213

Associating Track with EAA ··················································································································· 214

Display and maintenance commands for Track ····························································································· 215

Track configuration examples ························································································································ 215

Example: Configuring VRRP-Track-NQA collaboration ········································································· 215

Example: Configuring BFD for a VRRP backup to monitor the master ·················································· 219

Example: Configuring BFD for the VRRP master to monitor the uplink ················································· 222

Example: Configuring static routing-Track-NQA collaboration ······························································· 225

Example: Configuring static routing-Track-BFD collaboration ······························································· 230

Example: Configuring VRRP-Track-interface management collaboration ············································· 233

Example: Configuring VRRP-Track-route management collaboration ··················································· 236

Document conventions and icons ······························································ 239

Conventions ··················································································································································· 239

Network topology icons ·································································································································· 240

Support and other resources ····································································· 241

Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support····························································································· 241

Accessing updates ········································································································································· 241

Websites ················································································································································ 242

Customer self repair ······························································································································· 242

Remote support ······································································································································ 242

Documentation feedback ······················································································································· 242

Index ·········································································································· 244

1

Configuring interface backup

About interface backup

Interface backup enables you to configure multiple backup interfaces for a Layer 3 interface to

increase link availability. When the primary interface fails or is overloaded, its backup interfaces can

take over or participate in traffic forwarding.

Compatible interfaces

Table 1 Interfaces that support interface backup

Category

Interfaces

Remarks

Ethernet Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces/subinterfaces

Layer 3 VE interfaces

WLAN-ETHERNET interfaces N/A

WAN

IMA-group interfaces

POS interfaces

Serial interfaces (asynchronous,

synchronous)

Eth-channel interfaces

The IMA-group interfaces can only

work as backup interfaces. All the

other interfaces can work as both

primary and backup interfaces.

An asynchronous serial interface

cannot work as the primary interface if

DDR is configured on it.

Others Dialer interfaces

MP-group interfaces

Tunnel interfaces

A dialer interface can be used as the

primary interface only when it is a

PPPoE client in permanent session

mode.

Backup modes

The primary interface and its backup interfaces can operate in strict active/standby mode or load

sharing mode.

•

Strict active/standby mode—Only one interface transmits traffic. All the other interfaces are in

STANDBY state.

•

Load sharing mode—Backup interfaces participate in traffic forwarding when the amount of

traffic on the primary interface reaches the upper threshold. They are activated and deactivated

depending on the amount of traffic.

In strict active/standby mode, traffic loss occurs when the active interface is overloaded. Load

sharing mode improves link efficiency and reduces the risk of packet loss.

Strict active/standby mode

In strict active/standby mode, the primary interface always has higher priority than all backup

interfaces.

•

When the primary interface is operating correctly, all traffic is transmitted through the primary

interface.

•

When the primary interface fails, the highest-priority backup interface takes over. If the

highest-priority backup interface also fails, the second highest-priority backup interface takes

over, and so forth.

2

NOTE:

If two backup interfaces have the same priority, the one configured first has preference.

An active backup interface is always preempted by the primary interface. However, a higher-priority

backup interface cannot preempt a lower-priority backup interface that has taken over the primary

interface.

•

The primary interface takes over when it recovers from a failure condition.

•

The higher-priority backup interface cannot take over when it recovers from a failure condition

while the primary interface is still down.

As shown in Figure 1, Port A on Router A is the primary interface. Port B (with a priority of 30) and

Port C (with a priority of 20) are its backup interfaces.

•

When Port A is operating correctly, all traffic is transmitted through Port A.

•

When Port A fails, Port B takes over because it has higher priority than Port C. If Port B also fails,

Port C takes over.

•

When Port A is recovered, it preempts the active backup interface because it is the primary

interface. If Port B is recovered while Port A is still down, Port B cannot preempt Port C to

forward traffic.

Figure 1 Strict active/backup mode

Load sharing mode

In load sharing mode, the backup interfaces are activated to transmit traffic depending on the traffic

load on the primary interface.

•

When the amount of traffic on the primary interface exceeds the upper threshold, the backup

interfaces are activated in descending order of priority. This action continues until the traffic

drops below the upper threshold.

•

When the total amount of traffic on all load-shared interfaces decreases below the lower

threshold, the backup interfaces are deactivated in ascending order of priority. This action

continues until the total amount of traffic exceeds the lower threshold.

•

When the primary interface fails (in DOWN state), the strict active/standby mode applies. Only

one backup interface can forward traffic.

The upper and lower thresholds are user configurable.

NOTE:

•

"Traffic" on an interface refers to the amount of incoming or outgoing traffic, whichever is higher.

• If two backup interfaces have the same priority, the one configured first has preference.

As shown in Figure 2, Port A on Router A is the primary interface. Port B (with a priority of 30) and

Port C (with a priority of 20) are its backup interfaces.

Port B

Port A

Port C

Router A

Router B

LAN

100%

3

•

When the amount of traffic on Port A exceeds the upper threshold, Port B is activated, because

it has higher priority than Port C. If the amount of traffic on Port A still exceeds the upper

threshold, Port C is activated.

•

When the total amount of traffic on all load-shared interfaces decreases below the lower

threshold, Port C is first deactivated, because its priority is lower than Port B. If the total amount

of traffic on Port A and Port B is still below the lower threshold, Port B is deactivated.

Figure 2 Load sharing mode

Restrictions and guidelines: Interface backup

configuration

When you configure interface backup, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

•

The device supports up to 10 primary interfaces.

•

An interface can be configured as a backup only for one interface.

•

An interface cannot be both a primary and backup interface.

•

The strict active/standby mode and load sharing mode cannot be configured at the same time.

Interface backup tasks at a glance

To configure interface backup, perform the following tasks:

•

Configuring strict active/standby interface backup

Choose one of the following tasks:

 Explicitly specifying backup interfaces without traffic thresholds

Use this method if you want to monitor the interface state of the primary interface for a

switchover to occur.

 Using interface backup with the Track module

Use this method if you want to monitor any other state, such as the link state of the primary

interface.

•

Configuring load-shared interface backup

Prerequisites for configuring interface backup

Make sure the primary and backup interfaces have routes to the destination network.

Port B

Port A

Port C

Router A

Router B

LAN

A%

B%

C%

A

=

B

=

C

A

+

B

+

C = 100

4

Explicitly specifying backup interfaces without

traffic thresholds

About this task

Perform this task if you want to monitor the interface state of the primary interface for a switchover to

occur. For the primary and backup interfaces to operate in strict active/standby mode, do not specify

the traffic thresholds on the primary interface. If the traffic thresholds are configured, the interfaces

will operate in load sharing mode.

You can assign priority to backup interfaces. When the primary interface fails, the backup interfaces

are activated in descending order of priority, with the highest-priority interface activated first. If two

backup interfaces have the same priority, the one configured first has preference.

To prevent link flapping from causing frequent interface switchovers, you can configure the following

switchover delay timers:

•

Up delay timer—Number of seconds that the primary or backup interface must wait before it

can come up.

•

Down delay timer—Number of seconds that the active primary or backup interface must wait

before it is set to down state.

When the link of the active interface fails, the interface state does not change immediately. Instead, a

down delay timer starts. If the link recovers before the timer expires, the interface state does not

change. If the link is still down when the timer expires, the interface state changes to down.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

This interface must be the primary interface.

3. Specify a backup interface.

backup interface interface-type interface-number [ priority ]

By default, an interface does not have any backup interfaces.

Repeat this command to specify up to three backup interfaces for the interface.

4. Set the switchover delay timers.

backup timer delay up-delay down-delay

By default, the up and down delay timers are both 5 seconds.

Using interface backup with the Track module

About this task

Perform this task if you want to monitor any other state, such as the link state of the primary interface.

To use interface backup with the Track module to provide strict active/standby backup for a primary

interface:

•

Configure a track entry to monitor state information of the primary interface. For example,

monitor its link state.

•

Associate the track entry with a backup interface.

Interface backup changes the state of the backup interface in response to the track entry state, as

shown in Table 2.

5

Table 2 Action on the backup interface in response to the track entry state change

Track entry state

State of the monitored primary link

Action on the backup interface

Positive The primary link is operating correctly. Places the backup interface in

STANDBY state.

Negative The primary link has failed. Activates the backup interface to

take over.

NotReady

The primary link is not monitored.

This situation occurs when the track module

or the monitoring module is not ready, for

example, because the Track module is

restarting or the monitoring settings are

incomplete. In this situation, interface

backup cannot obtain information about the

primary link from the track module.

• If the track entry state stays in

NotReady state after it is

created, interface backup does

not change the state of the

backup interface.

• If the track entry state changes

to NotReady from Positive or

Negative, the backup interface

changes back to the forwarding

state before it was used for

interface backup.

For more information about configuring a track entry, see "Configuring Track."

Restrictions and guidelines

•

You can associate an interface with only one track entry.

•

You can create the associated track entry before or after the association. The association takes

effect after the track entry is created.

•

To maintain performance, limit the number of associations to 64.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

This interface must be the interface you are using as a backup.

3. Associate the interface with a track entry.

backup track track-entry-number

By default, an interface is not associated with a track entry.

Configuring load-shared interface backup

About this task

To implement load-balanced interface backup, you must configure the traffic thresholds on the

primary interface. Interface backup regularly compares the amount of traffic with the thresholds to

determine whether to activate or deactivate a backup interface. The traffic polling interval is user

configurable.

You can assign priority to backup interfaces.

•

When the amount of traffic on the primary interface exceeds the upper threshold, the backup

interfaces are activated in descending order of priority.

•

When the total amount of traffic on all load-shared interfaces decreases below the lower

threshold, the backup interfaces are deactivated in ascending order of priority.

If two backup interfaces have the same priority, the one configured first has preference.

6

If a traffic flow has a fast forwarding entry, all packets of the flow will be forwarded out of the outgoing

interface in the entry. The packets of the flow will not be distributed between interfaces when the

upper threshold is reached. For more information about fast forwarding, see Layer 3—IP Services

Configuration Guide.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

You must enter the view of the primary interface.

3. Configure a backup interface for the interface.

backup interface interface-type interface-number [ priority ]

By default, an interface does not have any backup interfaces.

Repeat this command to specify up to three backup interfaces.

4. Set backup load sharing thresholds.

backup threshold upper-threshold lower-threshold

By default, no traffic thresholds are configured.

5. Set the traffic polling interval.

backup timer flow-check interval

The default interval is 30 seconds.

Display and maintenance commands for interface

backup

Execute display commands in any view.

Task

Command

Display traffic statistics for load-shared interfaces.

display

interface-backup

statistics

Display the status of primary and backup interfaces.

display

interface-backup

state

Interface backup configuration examples

Example: Configuring strict active/standby interface backup

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 3:

•

Specify GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 and GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 on Router A to back up

GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

•

Assign GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 a higher priority than GigabitEthernet 1/0/3.

•

Set the up and down delay timers to 10 seconds for the backup interfaces.

7

Figure 3 Network diagram

Procedure

1. Assign IP addresses to the interfaces, as shown in Figure 3. (Details not shown.)

2. Configure static routes:

# On Router A, configure static routes to 192.168.2.0/24 through the primary and backup

interfaces.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/1 1.1.1.2

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/2 2.2.2.2

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/3 3.3.3.2

# On Router B, configure static routes to 192.168.1.0/24.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/1 1.1.1.1

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/2 2.2.2.1

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/3 3.3.3.1

3. On Router A, configure backup interfaces and switchover delays:

# Specify GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 and GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 to back up GigabitEthernet 1/0/1,

and assign them a priority of 30 and 20, respectively.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] backup interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 30

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] backup interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3 20

# Set both up and down delay timers to 10 seconds.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] backup timer delay 10 10

Verifying the configuration

# Display states of the primary and backup interfaces.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] display interface-backup state

Interface: GE1/0/1

UpDelay: 10 s

DownDelay: 10 s

State: UP

Backup interfaces:

GE1/0/2 Priority: 30 State: STANDBY

GE1/0/3 Priority: 20 State: STANDBY

The output shows that GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 is in UP state and the two backup interfaces are in

STANDBY state.

GE1/0/2

2.2.2.1/24

GE1/0/1

1.1.1.1/24

GE1/0/3

3.3.3.1/24

GE1/0/1

1.1.1.2/24

GE1/0/2

2.2.2.2/24

GE1/0/3

3.3.3.2/24

Router A Router B

Host A Host B

192.168.1.2/24 192.168.2.2/24

GE1/0/4

192.168.1.1/24 GE1/0/4

192.168.2.1/24

8

# Shut down the primary interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] shutdown

# Verify that the backup interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 comes up 10 seconds after the primary

interface goes down.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] display interface-backup state

Interface: GE1/0/1

UpDelay: 10 s

DownDelay: 10 s

State: DOWN

Backup interfaces:

GE1/0/2 Priority: 30 State: UP

GE1/0/3 Priority: 20 State: STANDBY

Example: Configuring strict active/standby interface backup

with the Track module

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 4, configure a track entry to monitor the link state of GigabitEthernet 1/0/1. When

the link of GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 fails, the backup interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 comes up to take

over.

Figure 4 Network diagram

Procedure

1. Assign IP addresses to the interfaces, as shown in Figure 4. (Details not shown.)

2. Configure static routes:

# On Router A, configure static routes to 192.168.2.0/24 through the primary and backup

interfaces.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/1 1.1.1.2

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/2 2.2.2.2

# On Router B, configure static routes to 192.168.1.0/24.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/1 1.1.1.1

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/2 2.2.2.1

3. On Router A, configure Track settings:

GE1/0/2

2.2.2.1/24

GE1/0/1

1.1.1.1/24 GE1/0/1

1.1.1.2/24

GE1/0/2

2.2.2.2/24

Router A Router B

Host A Host B

192.168.1.2/24 192.168.2.2/24

GE1/0/4

192.168.1.1/24 GE1/0/4

192.168.2.1/24

9

# Configure track entry 1 to monitor the link state of GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

[RouterA] track 1 interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

# Associate track entry 1 with the backup interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] backup track 1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Verify that the backup interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 is in STANDBY state while the primary link is

operating correctly.

[RouterA] display interface-backup state

IB Track Information:

GE1/0/2 Track: 1 State: STANDBY

# Shut down the primary interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] shutdown

# Verify that the backup interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 comes up after the primary link goes down.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] display interface-backup state

IB Track Information:

GE1/0/2 Track: 1 State: UP

Example: Configuring load-shared interface backup

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 5:

•

Configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 and GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 on Router A to back up the primary

interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

•

Assign GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 higher priority than GigabitEthernet 1/0/3.

•

On the primary interface:

 Specify the interface bandwidth used for traffic load calculation.

 Set the upper and lower thresholds to 80 and 20, respectively.

Figure 5 Network diagram

Procedure

1. Assign IP addresses to the interfaces, as shown in Figure 5. (Details not shown.)

2. Configure static routes:

GE1/0/2

2.2.2.1/24

GE1/0/1

1.1.1.1/24

GE1/0/3

3.3.3.1/24

GE1/0/1

1.1.1.2/24

GE1/0/2

2.2.2.2/24

GE1/0/3

3.3.3.2/24

Router A Router B

Host A Host B

192.168.1.2/24 192.168.2.2/24

GE1/0/4

192.168.1.1/24 GE1/0/4

192.168.2.1/24

10

# On Router A, configure static routes to 192.168.2.0/24 through the primary and backup

interfaces.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/1 1.1.1.2

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/2 2.2.2.2

[RouterA] ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/3 3.3.3.2

# On Router B, configure static routes to 192.168.1.0/24.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/1 1.1.1.1

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/2 2.2.2.1

[RouterB] ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/0/3 3.3.3.1

3. On Router A, configure backup interfaces and traffic thresholds:

# Specify GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 and GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 to back up GigabitEthernet 1/0/1,

and assign them with a priority of 30 and 20, respectively.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] backup interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2 30

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] backup interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3 20

# Set the expected bandwidth to 10000 kbps on the primary interface.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] bandwidth 10000

# Set the upper and lower thresholds to 80 and 20, respectively.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] backup threshold 80 20

Verifying the configuration

# Display traffic statistics for load-shared interfaces.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] display interface-backup statistics

Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

Statistics interval: 30 s

Bandwidth: 10000000 bps

PrimaryTotalIn: 102 bytes

PrimaryTotalOut: 108 bytes

PrimaryIntervalIn: 102 bytes

PrimaryIntervalOut: 108 bytes

Primary used bandwidth: 28 bps

TotalIn: 102 bytes

TotalOut: 108 bytes

TotalIntervalIn: 102 bytes

TotalIntervalOut: 108 bytes

Total used bandwidth: 28 bps

The output shows that the upper traffic threshold has not been exceeded. All traffic is transmitted

through the primary interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

# Verify that both backup interfaces are in STANDBY state because the upper threshold has not

been exceeded.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] display interface-backup state

Interface: GE1/0/1

UpDelay: 5 s

DownDelay: 5 s

Upper threshold: 80

Lower threshold: 20

State: UP

11

Backup interfaces:

GE1/0/2 Priority: 30 State: STANDBY

GE1/0/3 Priority: 20 State: STANDBY

# Increase the incoming or outgoing traffic rate to be higher than 8000 kbps (80% of the specified

bandwidth) on the primary interface. (Details not shown.)

# Verify that the backup interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 comes up to participate in traffic forwarding,

because it has higher priority than GigabitEthernet 1/0/3.

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] display interface-backup state

Interface: GE1/0/1

UpDelay: 5 s

DownDelay: 5 s

Upper threshold: 80

Lower threshold: 20

State: UP

Backup interfaces:

GE1/0/2 Priority: 30 State: UP

GE1/0/3 Priority: 20 State: STANDBY

12

Configuring CFD

About CFD

Connectivity Fault Detection (CFD), which conforms to IEEE 802.1ag Connectivity Fault

Management (CFM) and ITU-T Y.1731, is an end-to-end link layer OAM mechanism. CFD is used for

link connectivity detection, fault verification, and fault location in Ethernet networks.

Basic CFD concepts

Maintenance domain

A maintenance domain (MD) defines the network or part of the network where CFD plays its role. An

MD is identified by its MD name.

Maintenance association

A maintenance association (MA) is a part of an MD. You can configure multiple MAs in an MD as

needed. An MA is identified by the MD name + MA name.

In an Ethernet network, an MA serves the specified VLAN or no VLAN. An MA that serves a VLAN is

considered to be carrying VLAN attribute. An MA that serves no VLAN is considered to be carrying

no VLAN attribute.

Maintenance association end point

An MEP is configured on a port and belongs to an MA.

MEPs define the boundary of the MA. Each MEP is identified by a MEP ID.

The MA to which a MEP belongs defines the VLAN of packets sent by the MEP.

MEPs include inward-facing MEPs and outward-facing MEPs:

•

An inward-facing MEP does not send packets to its host port. Rather, it sends packets to other

ports on the device. The packets are broadcast in the VLAN that the MA of the MEP serves.

Inward-facing MEPs are not supported in the current software version.

•

An outward-facing MEP sends packets to its host port.

MEP list

A MEP list is a collection of local MEPs allowed to be configured and the remote MEPs to be

monitored in the same MA. It lists all the MEPs configured on different devices in the same MA. The

MEPs all have unique MEP IDs. When a MEP receives from a remote device a continuity check

message (CCM) carrying a MEP ID not in the MEP list of the MA, it drops the message.

The local device must send CCM messages carrying the Remote Defect Indication (RDI) flag bits.

Otherwise, the peer device cannot sense certain failures. When a local MEP has not learned all

remote MEPs in the MEP list, the MEPs in the MA might not carry the RDI flag bits in CCMs.

CFD levels

MD levels

To accurately locate faults, CFD introduces eight levels (from 0 to 7) to MDs. The bigger the number,

the higher the level and the larger the area covered. Domains can touch but cannot intersect or nest.

MD levels facilitate fault location and make fault location more accurate. As shown in Figure 6, MD_A

in light blue touches MD_B in dark blue. If a connectivity fault is detected on the link between Device

A and Device D, any of these four devices might fail. If a connectivity fault is also detected at the

13

boundary of MD_B, the failure points can be any of Device B through Device D. If the devices in

MD_B can operate correctly, at least Device C is operational.

Figure 6 Two touched MDs

CFD exchanges messages and performs operations on a per-domain basis. By planning MDs

correctly in a network, you can use CFD to rapidly locate failure points.

MA and MEP levels

The level of an MA equals the level of the MD to which the MA belongs.

The level of a MEP equals the level of the MD to which the MEP belongs.

CFD grading example

Figure 7 demonstrates a grading example of the CFD module. Four levels of MDs (0, 2, 3, and 5) are

designed. The bigger the number, the higher the level and the larger the area covered. MPs are

configured on the ports of Device A through Device F. Port A of Device B is configured with the

following MPs:

•

A level 5 MIP.

•

A level 3 inward-facing MEP.

•

A level 2 inward-facing MEP.

•

A level 0 outward-facing MEP.

Port A2

Port A1 Port A3

Port A4

Device A

Port B2

Port B1 Port B3

Port B4

Device B

Port C2

Port C1 Port C3

Port C4

Device C

Port D2

Port D1 Port D3

Port D4

Device D

Port E2

Port E1 Port E3

Port E4

Device E

MD_A

MD_B

Port

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Aruba JF232A Installation guide

Aruba JF232A Installation guide

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