Garmin GFC 600H Flight Control System Reference guide

GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

™

Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.

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https://ﬂy.garmin.com/ﬂy-garmin/support/warranty-information/

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January, 2019 190-02081-04 Rev.A Printed in the U.S.A.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A

Warnings, Cautions & Notes

WARNING: Perform a thorough preﬂight control check to verify that there is

no excessive friction, binding, or other anomalies that prevent smooth control

movement throughout the intended range of motion in pitch, roll, and yaw

axis. Any discrepancies must be resolved prior to operation. In addition, the

friction set from the manual friction lock must be fully removed prior to ﬂight.

WARNING: For safety reasons, system operational procedures must be learned

on the ground.

WARNING: The Garmin system, as installed in this rotorcraft, has a very

high degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that

providing monitoring and/or self-test capability for all conceivable system

failures is not practical.

WARNING: To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and under-

stand all aspects of the system, Pilot’s Guide documentation, the Rotorcraft

Flight Manual, and the Flight Manual Supplement. Thoroughly practice basic

operation prior to actual use.

CAUTION: The system does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs

should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized

repairs or modiﬁcations could void both the warranty and the pilot’s authority

to operate this device under FAA/FCC regulations.

NOTE: All visual depictions contained within this document, including screen

images of the panel and displays, are subject to change and may not reﬂect

the most current system and aviation databases. Depictions of equipment

may differ slightly from the actual equipment.

NOTE: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is

subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harm-

ful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,

including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A

AVIATION LIMITED WARRANTY

All Garmin avionics products are warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship

for the earlier of: 2 years or 800 ﬂight hours from the date of purchase for new TSO remote-

mount and TSO panel-mount products; 1 year or 400 ﬂight hours from the date of purchase

for new Non-TSO remote-mount* and Non-TSO panel-mount*, portable products and any

purchased newly-overhauled products; 6 months or 200 ﬂight hours for factory repaired or

newly-overhauled products exchanged through a Garmin Authorized Service Center. Within the

applicable period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail

in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for

parts or labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This

Limited Warranty does not apply to: (i) cosmetic damage, such as scratches, nicks and dents;

(ii) consumable parts, such as batteries, unless product damage has occurred due to a defect

in materials or workmanship; (iii) damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse, water, ﬂood, ﬁre,

or other acts of nature or external causes; (iv) damage caused by service performed by anyone

who is not an authorized service provider of Garmin; or (v) damage to a product that has been

modiﬁed or altered without the written permission of Garmin. In addition, Garmin reserves the

right to refuse warranty claims against products or services that are obtained and/or used in

contravention of the laws of any country.

This Limited Warranty also does not apply to, and Garmin is not responsible for, any degradation

in the performance of any Garmin navigation product resulting from its use in proximity to any

handset or other device that utilizes a terrestrial broadband network operating on frequencies

that are close to the frequencies used by any Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) such as

the Global Positioning Service (GPS). Use of such devices may impair reception of GNSS signals.

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE WARRANTIES AND

REMEDIES CONTAINED IN THIS LIMITED WARRANTY ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF,

AND GARMIN EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS, ALL OTHER WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES, WHETHER

EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY

IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,

STATUTORY REMEDY OR OTHERWISE. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL

RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY HAVE OTHER LEGAL RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. IF

IMPLIED WARRANTIES CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED, THEN SUCH WARRANTIES ARE LIMITED IN

DURATION TO THE DURATION OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW

LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY

NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO

USE THE PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE

EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS

MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace (with a new or newly-overhauled

replacement product) the product or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at

its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY

BREACH OF WARRANTY.

Online auction purchases: Products purchased through online auctions are not eligible for

warranty coverage. Online auction conﬁrmations are not accepted for warranty veriﬁcation.

To obtain warranty service, an original or copy of the sales receipt from the original retailer is

required. Garmin will not replace missing components from any package purchased through an

online auction.

International purchases: A separate warranty may be provided by international distributors

for devices purchased outside the U.S., depending on the country. If applicable, this warranty

is provided by the local in-country distributor and this distributor provides local service for

your device. Distributor warranties are only valid in the area of intended distribution. Devices

purchased in the U.S. or Canada must be returned to the Garmin service center in the U.K., the

U.S., Canada or Taiwan for service.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance

in locating a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at http://www.garmin.com.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A

SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT

BY USING THE DEVICE, COMPONENT OR SYSTEM MANUFACTURED OR SOLD BY GARMIN

(“THE GARMIN PRODUCT”), YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS

OF THE FOLLOWING SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT

CAREFULLY. Garmin Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Garmin”) grants you a limited license to use the

software embedded in the Garmin Product (the “Software”) in binary executable form in the

normal operation of the Garmin Product. Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights

in and to the Software remain with Garmin and/or its third-party providers. You acknowledge

that the Software is the property of Garmin and/or its third-party providers and is protected

under the United States of America copyright laws and international copyright treaties. You

further acknowledge that the structure, organization, and code of the Software are valuable

trade secrets of Garmin and/or its third-party providers and that the Software in source code

form remains a valuable trade secret of Garmin and/or its third-party providers. You agree not

to reproduce, decompile, disassemble, modify, reverse assemble, reverse engineer, or reduce to

human readable form the Software or any part thereof or create any derivative works based on

the Software. You agree not to export or re-export the Software to any country in violation of

the export control laws of the United States of America.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A

Part Number Change Summary

190-02081-04 Initial release

Rev Date Description

A January, 2019 Production Release

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A i

Table of Contents

Section 1 System Overview .................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Basic Functions .................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 HFCS Equipment ................................................................................................................ 2

GMC 605H Mode Controller ................................................................................................. 2

GFS 83 Servo ....................................................................................................................... 3

Attitude and Air Data Sensors ............................................................................................... 4

1.3 HFCS Controls ..................................................................................................................... 6

GMC 605H (3-Axis) .............................................................................................................. 6

External Controls .................................................................................................................. 7

1.4 System Indications .......................................................................................................... 10

GMC 605H ........................................................................................................................ 10

Garmin PFD HFCS Indications ............................................................................................. 12

Section 2 Helicopter Flight Control System .............................................................. 15

2.1 HFCS Operation ................................................................................................................ 15

HFCS Pre-Flight .................................................................................................................. 15

Engaging the Helicopter Flight Control System .................................................................... 16

Disengaging the Helicopter Flight Control System ............................................................... 16

Flight Director Modes ......................................................................................................... 17

2.2 Basic Helicopter Flight Control System Features ..................................................... 20

Attitude Hold Mode (ATT) ................................................................................................... 20

2.3 Vertical Flight Director Modes ...................................................................................... 23

Vertical Flight Director Mode Controls and Annunciations ................................................... 23

Altitude Hold Mode (ALT) ................................................................................................... 24

Selected Altitude Capture Mode (ALTS) ............................................................................... 25

Vertical Speed Mode (VS) ................................................................................................... 27

Indicated Airspeed Mode (IAS) ............................................................................................ 28

Glidepath Mode (GP) ......................................................................................................... 29

Glideslope Mode (GS)......................................................................................................... 31

2.4 Lateral Modes ................................................................................................................... 33

Lateral Mode Controls and Annunciations ........................................................................... 33

Heading Select Mode (HDG) ............................................................................................... 34

Navigation Modes (GPS, VOR, LOC, BC) .............................................................................. 35

Approach Modes (GPS, VAPP, LOC) ..................................................................................... 37

Flying An Arc With A GPS Navigator .................................................................................... 40

Visual Approaches .............................................................................................................. 41

2.5 Helecopter Electronic Stability & Protection (H-ESP™) .......................................... 41

Limit Cueing ...................................................................................................................... 42

Overspeed Protection ......................................................................................................... 44

Low speed Protection ......................................................................................................... 46

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ii

Table of Contents

Section 3 Annunciations & Alerts .................................................................................... 49

3.1 Visual Annunciations and Alerts .................................................................................. 49

GMC 605H Annunciations .................................................................................................. 49

PFD Visual Annunciations and Alerts ................................................................................... 52

3.2 Aural Alerts ....................................................................................................................... 53

Voice Alerts ........................................................................................................................ 53

Flight Control System Disconnect Alert ................................................................................ 54

Section 4 Abnormal Operation ......................................................................................... 55

4.1 Suspected Flight Control System Malfunction ......................................................... 55

Section 5 Terms & Conventions ........................................................................................ 57

5.1 Equipment Terminology ................................................................................................. 57

5.2 System Operation Terminology ................................................................................... 57

5.3 Helicopter and System Controls .................................................................................. 59

5.4 Flight Director Modes .................................................................................................... 60

Section 6 Index ....................................................................................................................Index-1

Index ...................................................................................................................................Index-2

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A 1

System Overview

SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The Garmin GFC 600H is an attitude-based, Helicopter Flight Control System (HFCS)

that supports an extensive set of operating modes and safety features. The system

design offers the ﬂexibility to interface with a wide variety of avionics equipment. The

speciﬁc functions supported by the GFC 600H vary by installation. Refer to Appendix

A for more information.

CAUTION: This manual covers all functions and modes that the GFC 600H

can support, however it is the responsibility of the user to become familiar

with the capabilities and limitations of a speciﬁc rotorcraft (per the Flight

Manual Supplement) which may not support all the features described

here.

1.1 BASIC FUNCTIONS

The GFC 600H HFCS provides the following main operating functions:

•Attitude Hold (ATT) (FCS Key) — Attitude Hold Mode (ATT) is the primary

operating mode of the GFC 600H system. When in ATT the system moves the

primary ﬂight controls to maintain a pitch and roll attitude set by the pilot. ATT

can be used throughout the entire ﬂight envelope.

•Flight Director (FD) — Pressing the FD key (if equipped) activates the visual

ﬂight director display on an interfaced PFD (Primary Flight Display) in default pitch

and roll modes without changing the mode of the pitch and roll servos. Upon

activation, the system synchronizes the Flight Director references to the current

ﬂight condition. If the servos are coupled to a Flight Director mode, pressing

the CPL key will decouple the Flight Director modes and display the visual ﬂight

director. Pressing the FD key when the visual ﬂight director is displayed will

remove the visual ﬂight director from the display. The availability of the Flight

Director is dependent upon airspeed, refer to airframe speciﬁc limitation for values.

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2

System Overview

•Coupled (CPL) — Pressing the CPL key while the servos are engaged in Attitude

Hold (ATT) and the Flight Director is available synchronizes the default Flight

Director modes to the current ﬂight condition and couples the servos to the Flight

Director command. While the Flight Director is coupled to the servos, Command

Bars are NOT displayed on the PFD. Deselecting an active CPL key returns the

servos to ATT and will display the visual ﬂight director for the active modes.

1.2 HFCS EQUIPMENT

The basic GFC 600H system is comprised of the following equipment:

GMC 605H MODE CONTROLLER

The panel-mounted GMC 605H serves as the primary user interface for the GFC 600H.

The GMC provides mode selection buttons and a wheel for convenient adjustment

of the ﬂight director vertical references. A backlit monochrome NVIS (night vision)

friendly LCD displays active and armed modes, reference values, alerts, and messages.

The GMC 605H has extensive I/O capabilities that support interfaces to equipment

including Primary Flight Displays, Air Data Computers, GPS navigators, VHF Nav radios,

Audio Panels, HSIs, and Directional Gyros (DGs). The GMC includes internal attitude

and rate sensors used to monitor primary AHRS performance. The GMC utilizes sensor

data from an external air data computer, magnetometer and GPS receiver to provide

required inputs to the internal attitude and rate sensors.

GMC 605H (For Installations with Flight Director Display)

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A 3

System Overview

GMC 605H (For Installation without Flight Director Display)

GFS 83 SERVO

The GFS 83 is a ‘smart’ servo which performs many FCS processing functions. The

GFS 83 force trim servo actuates the ﬂight controls of the rotorcraft and is installed

in parallel with the primary ﬂight controls, resulting in cyclic and anti-torque pedal

movement directly proportional to servo movement. The servos are installed in pitch,

roll and optionally yaw.

The GFS 83 provides ﬂy through capabilities, meaning that the pilot can override

the system at any time ﬂying through any control forces which may be present. Upon

releasing the controls the system will return to its commanded references. There are

multiple variants of the GFS 83 which offer different functions.

The GFS 83 Direct Drive contains a brushless motor and a geared drive train to

provide smooth and reliable operation. This servo provides a fail passive damping

feature which reduces aircraft attitude deviation in the event of servo disconnect while

the pilots hands are not on the controls. This version of vervo is typically installed in

the pitch and roll axes. In the event of a mechanical jam in the servo, the pilot must

apply force to the affected rotorcraft ﬂight control to break the shear device at the

output shaft of the servo, removing the servo from the control system and allowing

free movement of the ﬂight control.

The other variant of the GFS 83 is a mechanically clutched servo, which also has a

brushless motor and geared drive train. This servo contains a mechanical clutch to

engage the motor drive to the servo output. The mechanically clutched variant of the

GFS 83 is typically installed in the yaw axis.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

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4

System Overview

GFS 83 (Direct Drive)

GFS 83 (Mechanically Clutched)

ATTITUDE AND AIR DATA SENSORS

The GFC 600H system uses a minimum of two attitude sources and one air data

source. The GMC 605H provides one attitude solution which is used to monitor the

primary attitude solution provided by either a GSU 75H or GRS 79H sensor.

The GRS 79H is a remotely mounted AHRS which contains tilt sensors, accelerometers,

and rate sensors which provides attitude, heading, and rate data to the GFC

600H system. The GRS 79H requires interfaces to an air data computer, GMU 44

magnetometer, and a GPS/SBAS navigator.

The GMU 44 magnetometer senses magnetic ﬁelds and sends the data to the AHRS

to determine the magnetic heading. The GMU 44 magnetometer is interfaced to both

the primary attitude sensor and to the GMC 605H.

Air data may be provide by a Garmin GDC 72H or a GDC 74H air data computer.

The GDC 72H/74H is a remotely mounted Air Data Computer which connects to

the existing pitot-static system and a GTP 59 OAT probe. The GDC 72H/74H provides

pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed, and OAT data to the GFC 600H system.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A 5

System Overview

The GTP is a remotely mounted temperature probe that interfaces to the Air Data

Computer for determination of OAT and true airspeed.

Some system conﬁgurations will utilize the Garmin GSU 75H ADAHRS solution. The

GSU 75H is a remotely mounted ADAHRS which incorporates the same components as

the GRS 79H and GDC 72H into a single unit providing attitude and air data.

GSU 75H

GPS

A Garmin GPS is required as an aiding source for AHRS and for GPS based modes

including Groundspeed Hold and GPS navigation.

COLLECTIVE POSITION SENSOR

For some installations, a position sensor will provide collective position to the GFC

600H to improve FCS performance. Refer to aircraft speciﬁc FMS for details on whether

this sensor is present in the installation.

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190-02081-04 Rev. A

6

System Overview

1.3 HFCS CONTROLS

GMC 605H (3-AXIS)

GMC 605H (3-AXIS) HFCS Mode Controller

9 10 11 12

6

3

2

4

5

7 8

1

System

Engagement

Keys

Roll Mode

Pitch Mode

Pitch Reference

Servos

Engaged

CAS

Message

Lateral Mode

Keys

Pitch Mode

Keys

1

FCS Key Engages/disengages the Flight Control System

2

FD Key Activates/deactivates the display of the Flight Director Command

Bars on the Primary Flight Display. Pressing once turns on the

Flight Director Command Bars and activates the default vertical

and lateral modes. Pressing again removes the Command Bars.

If the servos are coupled to the Flight Director, the key is disabled.

3

CPL Key Synchronizes the default FD modes to the current ﬂight condition

AND couples the servos to the ﬂight director command. Pressing

the CPL Key while coupled, decouples the servos from the FD

command.

4

LCD Display Displays HFCS modes, references, and annunciations.

5

LVL Key Engages the Flight Control System in Level Mode (or selects Level

Mode if Flight Control System is already engaged).

6

ALT Key Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode

7

HDG Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A 7

System Overview

8

NAV Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode. Cancels GS Mode if LOC

Mode is either active or armed. Cancels GP Mode if GPS Mode is

either active or armed.

9

APR Key Selects/deselects Approach Mode

10

IAS Key Selects/deselects Indicated Airspeed Mode

11

VS Key Selects/deselects Vertical Speed Mode

12

NOSE UP/DN

Wheel

Adjusts the reference in Vertical Speed, Indicated Airspeed, and

Altitude Hold modes

EXTERNAL CONTROLS

These controls provide FCS control functions but are not found on the GMC 605H.

NOTE: The position of switches/controls may vary per installation. Refer to

the rotorcraft ﬂight manual supplement for installation speciﬁc controls and

operation.

Cyclic Switches

FTR

FCS DISC

LVL MODE

TRIM

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

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8

System Overview

Control

Common

Name

Typical

Location/

Color

Purpose

FTR

Force Trim

Release

Cyclic (Black)

Servos Disengaged: Momentary press engages

the HFCS pitch and roll axes.

Any Engaged Mode: Press and hold will reduce

the control forces for the duration of time that

the switch is depressed. After 1 second the

system will annunciate ‘FTR’ as indication that

an extended press is active.

ATT Mode: Press and hold reduces control

forces and continuously synchronizes the pitch

and roll attitude reference. Upon release

synchronizes the pitch and roll attitude

reference to current values.

CPLD Flight Director Modes: Upon release

synchronizes the pitch reference (VS, ALT, IAS) to

the current value as applicable.

FCS DISC

Flight

Control

System

Disconnect

Cyclic (Red)

Momentary Press: Disengages all coupled Flight

Director Modes. Servos remain engaged in ATT

Mode.

Double momentary press OR press and hold for

1 second: Disengages the pitch, roll, and yaw

servos.

Press and hold for 10 seconds: Toggles limit

cue ON/OFF.

TRIM

Cyclic

Beep Trim

Cyclic (Black)

Single Press: Increments the HFCS references.

Press and Hold: Slews the HFCS references.

ATT Mode: The trim switch changes the

reference pitch (+/-) and roll (+/-) attitude.

CPLD Flight Director Modes: The trim switch

changes the reference altitude, vertical speed, or

indicated airspeed, as applicable.

LVL Level Mode Cyclic (Blue)

Engages the pitch, roll, and optional yaw axis in

LVL Mode.

Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide

190-02081-04 Rev. A 9

System Overview

Control

Common

Name

Typical

Location/

Color

Purpose

YAW Yaw On/Off

Collective

(not pictured)

Engages/disengages the yaw control.

YAW TRIM

Yaw Beep

Trim

Collective

(not pictured)

Yaw Trim may be optionally installed in some

airframes. In cruise, this switch allows the

aircraft to be trimmed out of ball center. In

hover, the input adjusts the aircraft’s heading

reference.

External Controls Summary

EXTERNAL CONTROL ADJUSTMENTS BY MODE

Control

FCS Mode

ATT (ON)

ATT (ON) w/ FD

(DCPLD)

COUPLED

Cyclic UP/

DN Beep

Trim

Changes pitch attitude reference.

Changes vertical FD

reference, if a vertical FD

Mode is active. Changes

pitch attitude reference if

pitch axis is in ATT.

Cyclic LEFT/

RIGHT Beep

Trim

Changes roll attitude reference.

Changes roll attitude

reference if roll axis is in

ATT. Otherwise, no effect.

UP/DN

Wheel

No effect

Changes vertical FD Reference, if a vertical FD Mode

is active, otherwise no effect.

FTR Button

Sets reference attitude to current attitude upon

release. Reduces breakout force while pressed.

Synchronizes the vertical

FD reference to current

axis value, if a FD mode is

active, otherwise sets the

reference attitude to the

current attitude.

External Control Adjustments By Mode

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10

System Overview

1.4 SYSTEM INDICATIONS

GMC 605H

NOTE: Some installations may include a GMC variant which excludes the

FD/CPL keys. This variant of the GMC 605H is intended for installations

which will not provide display of ﬂight director command bars. Otherwise

the two units are functionally equivalent.

The GMC 605H provides indications to the pilot via a monochrome LCD combined

with three color LEDs that are located adjacent to the FCS, FD, and CPL keys.

The left side of the LCD displays lateral Flight Director modes, the center portion of

the display provides vertical modes and references, and the right side of the display

serves as a message area for status and alerts. Active modes and references are

depicted in large letters along the upper portion of the display, with armed modes

in a smaller font below the active modes. The message area can display up to four

messages simultaneously.

Text can be ﬂashed alternating between normal display and inverse video for

conditions which require the pilot’s attention.

GMC 605H LCD Display

Active Lateral

Mode

Active Vertical

Mode

Reference

Armed Vertical

Modes

Armed Lateral

Mode

Servo

Status

Status Messages and

Alerts

The LEDs adjacent to the FCS, FD, and CPL keys are illuminated in conjunction with

other information on the LCD to provide status and alert information.

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