Garmin GFC 600H Flight Control System Reference guide

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GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
Copyright © 2019 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.
Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.
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Web Site Address: www.garmin.com
Contact Garmin Product Support at: www.flygarmin.com
For warranty information refer to:
https://fly.garmin.com/fly-garmin/support/warranty-information/
Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied,
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used without the express permission of Garmin.
January, 2019 190-02081-04 Rev.A Printed in the U.S.A.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
Warnings, Cautions & Notes
WARNING: Perform a thorough preflight control check to verify that there is
no excessive friction, binding, or other anomalies that prevent smooth control
movement throughout the intended range of motion in pitch, roll, and yaw
axis. Any discrepancies must be resolved prior to operation. In addition, the
friction set from the manual friction lock must be fully removed prior to flight.
WARNING: For safety reasons, system operational procedures must be learned
on the ground.
WARNING: The Garmin system, as installed in this rotorcraft, has a very
high degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that
providing monitoring and/or self-test capability for all conceivable system
failures is not practical.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and under-
stand all aspects of the system, Pilot’s Guide documentation, the Rotorcraft
Flight Manual, and the Flight Manual Supplement. Thoroughly practice basic
operation prior to actual use.
CAUTION: The system does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs
should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized
repairs or modifications could void both the warranty and the pilot’s authority
to operate this device under FAA/FCC regulations.
NOTE: All visual depictions contained within this document, including screen
images of the panel and displays, are subject to change and may not reflect
the most current system and aviation databases. Depictions of equipment
may differ slightly from the actual equipment.
NOTE: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harm-
ful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
AVIATION LIMITED WARRANTY
All Garmin avionics products are warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship
for the earlier of: 2 years or 800 flight hours from the date of purchase for new TSO remote-
mount and TSO panel-mount products; 1 year or 400 flight hours from the date of purchase
for new Non-TSO remote-mount* and Non-TSO panel-mount*, portable products and any
purchased newly-overhauled products; 6 months or 200 flight hours for factory repaired or
newly-overhauled products exchanged through a Garmin Authorized Service Center. Within the
applicable period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail
in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for
parts or labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This
Limited Warranty does not apply to: (i) cosmetic damage, such as scratches, nicks and dents;
(ii) consumable parts, such as batteries, unless product damage has occurred due to a defect
in materials or workmanship; (iii) damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse, water, flood, fire,
or other acts of nature or external causes; (iv) damage caused by service performed by anyone
who is not an authorized service provider of Garmin; or (v) damage to a product that has been
modified or altered without the written permission of Garmin. In addition, Garmin reserves the
right to refuse warranty claims against products or services that are obtained and/or used in
contravention of the laws of any country.
This Limited Warranty also does not apply to, and Garmin is not responsible for, any degradation
in the performance of any Garmin navigation product resulting from its use in proximity to any
handset or other device that utilizes a terrestrial broadband network operating on frequencies
that are close to the frequencies used by any Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) such as
the Global Positioning Service (GPS). Use of such devices may impair reception of GNSS signals.
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE WARRANTIES AND
REMEDIES CONTAINED IN THIS LIMITED WARRANTY ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF,
AND GARMIN EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS, ALL OTHER WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES, WHETHER
EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
STATUTORY REMEDY OR OTHERWISE. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL
RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY HAVE OTHER LEGAL RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. IF
IMPLIED WARRANTIES CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED, THEN SUCH WARRANTIES ARE LIMITED IN
DURATION TO THE DURATION OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW
LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY
NOT APPLY TO YOU.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO
USE THE PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE
EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS
MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace (with a new or newly-overhauled
replacement product) the product or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at
its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY
BREACH OF WARRANTY.
Online auction purchases: Products purchased through online auctions are not eligible for
warranty coverage. Online auction confirmations are not accepted for warranty verification.
To obtain warranty service, an original or copy of the sales receipt from the original retailer is
required. Garmin will not replace missing components from any package purchased through an
online auction.
International purchases: A separate warranty may be provided by international distributors
for devices purchased outside the U.S., depending on the country. If applicable, this warranty
is provided by the local in-country distributor and this distributor provides local service for
your device. Distributor warranties are only valid in the area of intended distribution. Devices
purchased in the U.S. or Canada must be returned to the Garmin service center in the U.K., the
U.S., Canada or Taiwan for service.
To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance
in locating a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at http://www.garmin.com.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
BY USING THE DEVICE, COMPONENT OR SYSTEM MANUFACTURED OR SOLD BY GARMIN
(“THE GARMIN PRODUCT”), YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS
OF THE FOLLOWING SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT
CAREFULLY. Garmin Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Garmin”) grants you a limited license to use the
software embedded in the Garmin Product (the “Software”) in binary executable form in the
normal operation of the Garmin Product. Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights
in and to the Software remain with Garmin and/or its third-party providers. You acknowledge
that the Software is the property of Garmin and/or its third-party providers and is protected
under the United States of America copyright laws and international copyright treaties. You
further acknowledge that the structure, organization, and code of the Software are valuable
trade secrets of Garmin and/or its third-party providers and that the Software in source code
form remains a valuable trade secret of Garmin and/or its third-party providers. You agree not
to reproduce, decompile, disassemble, modify, reverse assemble, reverse engineer, or reduce to
human readable form the Software or any part thereof or create any derivative works based on
the Software. You agree not to export or re-export the Software to any country in violation of
the export control laws of the United States of America.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
Part Number Change Summary
190-02081-04 Initial release
Rev Date Description
A January, 2019 Production Release
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A i
Table of Contents
Section 1 System Overview .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Basic Functions .................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 HFCS Equipment ................................................................................................................ 2
GMC 605H Mode Controller ................................................................................................. 2
GFS 83 Servo ....................................................................................................................... 3
Attitude and Air Data Sensors ............................................................................................... 4
1.3 HFCS Controls ..................................................................................................................... 6
GMC 605H (3-Axis) .............................................................................................................. 6
External Controls .................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 System Indications .......................................................................................................... 10
GMC 605H ........................................................................................................................ 10
Garmin PFD HFCS Indications ............................................................................................. 12
Section 2 Helicopter Flight Control System .............................................................. 15
2.1 HFCS Operation ................................................................................................................ 15
HFCS Pre-Flight .................................................................................................................. 15
Engaging the Helicopter Flight Control System .................................................................... 16
Disengaging the Helicopter Flight Control System ............................................................... 16
Flight Director Modes ......................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Basic Helicopter Flight Control System Features ..................................................... 20
Attitude Hold Mode (ATT) ................................................................................................... 20
2.3 Vertical Flight Director Modes ...................................................................................... 23
Vertical Flight Director Mode Controls and Annunciations ................................................... 23
Altitude Hold Mode (ALT) ................................................................................................... 24
Selected Altitude Capture Mode (ALTS) ............................................................................... 25
Vertical Speed Mode (VS) ................................................................................................... 27
Indicated Airspeed Mode (IAS) ............................................................................................ 28
Glidepath Mode (GP) ......................................................................................................... 29
Glideslope Mode (GS)......................................................................................................... 31
2.4 Lateral Modes ................................................................................................................... 33
Lateral Mode Controls and Annunciations ........................................................................... 33
Heading Select Mode (HDG) ............................................................................................... 34
Navigation Modes (GPS, VOR, LOC, BC) .............................................................................. 35
Approach Modes (GPS, VAPP, LOC) ..................................................................................... 37
Flying An Arc With A GPS Navigator .................................................................................... 40
Visual Approaches .............................................................................................................. 41
2.5 Helecopter Electronic Stability & Protection (H-ESP™) .......................................... 41
Limit Cueing ...................................................................................................................... 42
Overspeed Protection ......................................................................................................... 44
Low speed Protection ......................................................................................................... 46
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
ii
Table of Contents
Section 3 Annunciations & Alerts .................................................................................... 49
3.1 Visual Annunciations and Alerts .................................................................................. 49
GMC 605H Annunciations .................................................................................................. 49
PFD Visual Annunciations and Alerts ................................................................................... 52
3.2 Aural Alerts ....................................................................................................................... 53
Voice Alerts ........................................................................................................................ 53
Flight Control System Disconnect Alert ................................................................................ 54
Section 4 Abnormal Operation ......................................................................................... 55
4.1 Suspected Flight Control System Malfunction ......................................................... 55
Section 5 Terms & Conventions ........................................................................................ 57
5.1 Equipment Terminology ................................................................................................. 57
5.2 System Operation Terminology ................................................................................... 57
5.3 Helicopter and System Controls .................................................................................. 59
5.4 Flight Director Modes .................................................................................................... 60
Section 6 Index ....................................................................................................................Index-1
Index ...................................................................................................................................Index-2
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A 1
System Overview
SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The Garmin GFC 600H is an attitude-based, Helicopter Flight Control System (HFCS)
that supports an extensive set of operating modes and safety features. The system
design offers the flexibility to interface with a wide variety of avionics equipment. The
specific functions supported by the GFC 600H vary by installation. Refer to Appendix
A for more information.
CAUTION: This manual covers all functions and modes that the GFC 600H
can support, however it is the responsibility of the user to become familiar
with the capabilities and limitations of a specific rotorcraft (per the Flight
Manual Supplement) which may not support all the features described
here.
1.1 BASIC FUNCTIONS
The GFC 600H HFCS provides the following main operating functions:
•Attitude Hold (ATT) (FCS Key)Attitude Hold Mode (ATT) is the primary
operating mode of the GFC 600H system. When in ATT the system moves the
primary flight controls to maintain a pitch and roll attitude set by the pilot. ATT
can be used throughout the entire flight envelope.
•Flight Director (FD) — Pressing the FD key (if equipped) activates the visual
flight director display on an interfaced PFD (Primary Flight Display) in default pitch
and roll modes without changing the mode of the pitch and roll servos. Upon
activation, the system synchronizes the Flight Director references to the current
flight condition. If the servos are coupled to a Flight Director mode, pressing
the CPL key will decouple the Flight Director modes and display the visual flight
director. Pressing the FD key when the visual flight director is displayed will
remove the visual flight director from the display. The availability of the Flight
Director is dependent upon airspeed, refer to airframe specific limitation for values.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
2
System Overview
•Coupled (CPL) — Pressing the CPL key while the servos are engaged in Attitude
Hold (ATT) and the Flight Director is available synchronizes the default Flight
Director modes to the current flight condition and couples the servos to the Flight
Director command. While the Flight Director is coupled to the servos, Command
Bars are NOT displayed on the PFD. Deselecting an active CPL key returns the
servos to ATT and will display the visual flight director for the active modes.
1.2 HFCS EQUIPMENT
The basic GFC 600H system is comprised of the following equipment:
GMC 605H MODE CONTROLLER
The panel-mounted GMC 605H serves as the primary user interface for the GFC 600H.
The GMC provides mode selection buttons and a wheel for convenient adjustment
of the flight director vertical references. A backlit monochrome NVIS (night vision)
friendly LCD displays active and armed modes, reference values, alerts, and messages.
The GMC 605H has extensive I/O capabilities that support interfaces to equipment
including Primary Flight Displays, Air Data Computers, GPS navigators, VHF Nav radios,
Audio Panels, HSIs, and Directional Gyros (DGs). The GMC includes internal attitude
and rate sensors used to monitor primary AHRS performance. The GMC utilizes sensor
data from an external air data computer, magnetometer and GPS receiver to provide
required inputs to the internal attitude and rate sensors.
GMC 605H (For Installations with Flight Director Display)
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A 3
System Overview
GMC 605H (For Installation without Flight Director Display)
GFS 83 SERVO
The GFS 83 is a ‘smart’ servo which performs many FCS processing functions. The
GFS 83 force trim servo actuates the flight controls of the rotorcraft and is installed
in parallel with the primary flight controls, resulting in cyclic and anti-torque pedal
movement directly proportional to servo movement. The servos are installed in pitch,
roll and optionally yaw.
The GFS 83 provides fly through capabilities, meaning that the pilot can override
the system at any time flying through any control forces which may be present. Upon
releasing the controls the system will return to its commanded references. There are
multiple variants of the GFS 83 which offer different functions.
The GFS 83 Direct Drive contains a brushless motor and a geared drive train to
provide smooth and reliable operation. This servo provides a fail passive damping
feature which reduces aircraft attitude deviation in the event of servo disconnect while
the pilots hands are not on the controls. This version of vervo is typically installed in
the pitch and roll axes. In the event of a mechanical jam in the servo, the pilot must
apply force to the affected rotorcraft flight control to break the shear device at the
output shaft of the servo, removing the servo from the control system and allowing
free movement of the flight control.
The other variant of the GFS 83 is a mechanically clutched servo, which also has a
brushless motor and geared drive train. This servo contains a mechanical clutch to
engage the motor drive to the servo output. The mechanically clutched variant of the
GFS 83 is typically installed in the yaw axis.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
4
System Overview
GFS 83 (Direct Drive)
GFS 83 (Mechanically Clutched)
ATTITUDE AND AIR DATA SENSORS
The GFC 600H system uses a minimum of two attitude sources and one air data
source. The GMC 605H provides one attitude solution which is used to monitor the
primary attitude solution provided by either a GSU 75H or GRS 79H sensor.
The GRS 79H is a remotely mounted AHRS which contains tilt sensors, accelerometers,
and rate sensors which provides attitude, heading, and rate data to the GFC
600H system. The GRS 79H requires interfaces to an air data computer, GMU 44
magnetometer, and a GPS/SBAS navigator.
The GMU 44 magnetometer senses magnetic fields and sends the data to the AHRS
to determine the magnetic heading. The GMU 44 magnetometer is interfaced to both
the primary attitude sensor and to the GMC 605H.
Air data may be provide by a Garmin GDC 72H or a GDC 74H air data computer.
The GDC 72H/74H is a remotely mounted Air Data Computer which connects to
the existing pitot-static system and a GTP 59 OAT probe. The GDC 72H/74H provides
pressure altitude, airspeed, vertical speed, and OAT data to the GFC 600H system.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A 5
System Overview
The GTP is a remotely mounted temperature probe that interfaces to the Air Data
Computer for determination of OAT and true airspeed.
Some system configurations will utilize the Garmin GSU 75H ADAHRS solution. The
GSU 75H is a remotely mounted ADAHRS which incorporates the same components as
the GRS 79H and GDC 72H into a single unit providing attitude and air data.
GSU 75H
GPS
A Garmin GPS is required as an aiding source for AHRS and for GPS based modes
including Groundspeed Hold and GPS navigation.
COLLECTIVE POSITION SENSOR
For some installations, a position sensor will provide collective position to the GFC
600H to improve FCS performance. Refer to aircraft specific FMS for details on whether
this sensor is present in the installation.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
6
System Overview
1.3 HFCS CONTROLS
GMC 605H (3-AXIS)
GMC 605H (3-AXIS) HFCS Mode Controller
9 10 11 12
6
3
2
4
5
7 8
1
System
Engagement
Keys
Roll Mode
Pitch Mode
Pitch Reference
Servos
Engaged
CAS
Message
Lateral Mode
Keys
Pitch Mode
Keys
1
FCS Key Engages/disengages the Flight Control System
2
FD Key Activates/deactivates the display of the Flight Director Command
Bars on the Primary Flight Display. Pressing once turns on the
Flight Director Command Bars and activates the default vertical
and lateral modes. Pressing again removes the Command Bars.
If the servos are coupled to the Flight Director, the key is disabled.
3
CPL Key Synchronizes the default FD modes to the current flight condition
AND couples the servos to the flight director command. Pressing
the CPL Key while coupled, decouples the servos from the FD
command.
4
LCD Display Displays HFCS modes, references, and annunciations.
5
LVL Key Engages the Flight Control System in Level Mode (or selects Level
Mode if Flight Control System is already engaged).
6
ALT Key Selects/deselects Altitude Hold Mode
7
HDG Key Selects/deselects Heading Select Mode
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A 7
System Overview
8
NAV Key Selects/deselects Navigation Mode. Cancels GS Mode if LOC
Mode is either active or armed. Cancels GP Mode if GPS Mode is
either active or armed.
9
APR Key Selects/deselects Approach Mode
10
IAS Key Selects/deselects Indicated Airspeed Mode
11
VS Key Selects/deselects Vertical Speed Mode
12
NOSE UP/DN
Wheel
Adjusts the reference in Vertical Speed, Indicated Airspeed, and
Altitude Hold modes
EXTERNAL CONTROLS
These controls provide FCS control functions but are not found on the GMC 605H.
NOTE: The position of switches/controls may vary per installation. Refer to
the rotorcraft flight manual supplement for installation specific controls and
operation.
Cyclic Switches
FTR
FCS DISC
LVL MODE
TRIM
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
8
System Overview
Control
Common
Name
Typical
Location/
Color
Purpose
FTR
Force Trim
Release
Cyclic (Black)
Servos Disengaged: Momentary press engages
the HFCS pitch and roll axes.
Any Engaged Mode: Press and hold will reduce
the control forces for the duration of time that
the switch is depressed. After 1 second the
system will annunciate ‘FTR’ as indication that
an extended press is active.
ATT Mode: Press and hold reduces control
forces and continuously synchronizes the pitch
and roll attitude reference. Upon release
synchronizes the pitch and roll attitude
reference to current values.
CPLD Flight Director Modes: Upon release
synchronizes the pitch reference (VS, ALT, IAS) to
the current value as applicable.
FCS DISC
Flight
Control
System
Disconnect
Cyclic (Red)
Momentary Press: Disengages all coupled Flight
Director Modes. Servos remain engaged in ATT
Mode.
Double momentary press OR press and hold for
1 second: Disengages the pitch, roll, and yaw
servos.
Press and hold for 10 seconds: Toggles limit
cue ON/OFF.
TRIM
Cyclic
Beep Trim
Cyclic (Black)
Single Press: Increments the HFCS references.
Press and Hold: Slews the HFCS references.
ATT Mode: The trim switch changes the
reference pitch (+/-) and roll (+/-) attitude.
CPLD Flight Director Modes: The trim switch
changes the reference altitude, vertical speed, or
indicated airspeed, as applicable.
LVL Level Mode Cyclic (Blue)
Engages the pitch, roll, and optional yaw axis in
LVL Mode.
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A 9
System Overview
Control
Common
Name
Typical
Location/
Color
Purpose
YAW Yaw On/Off
Collective
(not pictured)
Engages/disengages the yaw control.
YAW TRIM
Yaw Beep
Trim
Collective
(not pictured)
Yaw Trim may be optionally installed in some
airframes. In cruise, this switch allows the
aircraft to be trimmed out of ball center. In
hover, the input adjusts the aircraft’s heading
reference.
External Controls Summary
EXTERNAL CONTROL ADJUSTMENTS BY MODE
Control
FCS Mode
ATT (ON)
ATT (ON) w/ FD
(DCPLD)
COUPLED
Cyclic UP/
DN Beep
Trim
Changes pitch attitude reference.
Changes vertical FD
reference, if a vertical FD
Mode is active. Changes
pitch attitude reference if
pitch axis is in ATT.
Cyclic LEFT/
RIGHT Beep
Trim
Changes roll attitude reference.
Changes roll attitude
reference if roll axis is in
ATT. Otherwise, no effect.
UP/DN
Wheel
No effect
Changes vertical FD Reference, if a vertical FD Mode
is active, otherwise no effect.
FTR Button
Sets reference attitude to current attitude upon
release. Reduces breakout force while pressed.
Synchronizes the vertical
FD reference to current
axis value, if a FD mode is
active, otherwise sets the
reference attitude to the
current attitude.
External Control Adjustments By Mode
Garmin GFC 600H Pilot’s Guide
190-02081-04 Rev. A
10
System Overview
1.4 SYSTEM INDICATIONS
GMC 605H
NOTE: Some installations may include a GMC variant which excludes the
FD/CPL keys. This variant of the GMC 605H is intended for installations
which will not provide display of flight director command bars. Otherwise
the two units are functionally equivalent.
The GMC 605H provides indications to the pilot via a monochrome LCD combined
with three color LEDs that are located adjacent to the FCS, FD, and CPL keys.
The left side of the LCD displays lateral Flight Director modes, the center portion of
the display provides vertical modes and references, and the right side of the display
serves as a message area for status and alerts. Active modes and references are
depicted in large letters along the upper portion of the display, with armed modes
in a smaller font below the active modes. The message area can display up to four
messages simultaneously.
Text can be flashed alternating between normal display and inverse video for
conditions which require the pilot’s attention.
GMC 605H LCD Display
Active Lateral
Mode
Active Vertical
Mode
Mode
Reference
Armed Vertical
Modes
Armed Lateral
Mode
Servo
Status
Status Messages and
Alerts
The LEDs adjacent to the FCS, FD, and CPL keys are illuminated in conjunction with
other information on the LCD to provide status and alert information.
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Garmin GFC 600H Flight Control System Reference guide

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