Minolta Flash meter IV User manual

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INSTRUCTION

MAI{UAL

FLASH METER

IV

MINOLTA

FLASH METER

IV

The

Minolta

Flash

Meter lV

is the most

advanced

exposure

meter

available for measur-

ing both flash

and ambient

light

sources.

By

attaching

the appropriate receptor,

you

can

take

precise

incident-light

or

ref lected-light

readings.

A

large

LCD data

panel

shows complete

exposure

information

in both

analog

and

digital form.

A

built-in microcomputer

and memory function

make

it easy

to calculate

the exposure

for highlights,

shadows, or

an average

of two areas.

The Flash Meter lV

also

features

a special

"analyze"

function

that

lets

you

take

readings

of flash

and ambient light

simultaneously. After

taking

a

reading,

you

can

vary

the exposure

settings to

make either light

source

dominant.

A

wide range

of

accessories are available for

your

Flash

Meter

lV, including

spot-

metering

attachments

and

external receptors for

incident-light

and

reflected-light

meter-

ing. And

if

you

use

a Minolta

(Maxxum)

7000 or

9000

camera,

the

Data Receiver

DR-

1000

enables

remote

control of

the camera via infrared

signals

from

the

Flash

Meter

lV.

With

other

carneras,

the

lR Receiver-Trigger

can be used

to trigger a

flash

unit

by

remote

control.

Before

using

the

Flash Meter lV,

please

read

this manual

carefully

to learn

about the

meter's

parts

and

functions.

This way,

you

can

begin to

realize

the

full

potential

of

the

Flash

Meter

lV

right from

the start.

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CONTENTS

NAMESOFPARTS.

......2

PREPARATION

fnstallingtheBattery

......4

Settingthe

FilmSpeed.

........5

AttachingaReceptor

.,....S

GENERALTNFORMATTON...

......6

DATAPANELDISPLAYS

.....10

Digital Display

........11

AnalogDisplay

.....12

GuideValueDisplay

........13

AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS

Shutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode.

....14

Aperture-Priority

(FNo.)

Mode .

...

.. .. .16

FLASH

MEASUREMENTS WITH

A SYNC COFD

Shutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode.

.......18

Aperture-Priority(FNo.l Mode.

...20

FLASH

MEASUREMENTS

WITHOUT A SYNC CORD

-shutter-Priority(TIME)

Mode.

.......22

Aperture-Priority

(FNo.)

Mode

.

MEMORYFUNCTION.

......26

RE

F LECTED.LIGHT CALCU LATIONS

HighlightCalculations ......28

ShadowCalculations

....29

AveragedCalculations

.....30

Checking Other

Areas of

the Scene . . . .

.31

Changing

the

Highlight

and

Shadow Values .

. . .

.32

EXPOSURE

ADJUSTMENT

.

. . .

. . . . .

.

.33

MIXED LIGHTING: FLASH WITH AMBIENT LIGHT

Analyze

Function

.....

.......34

Fill-in Flash

:....

.......36

Comparinglncidentand

Reflected-LightMeasurements,........37

MEASUREMENTSFORAMOVIECAMERA .....38

LIGHTINGRATIOCALCULATIONS.

.....39

GUfDENUMBERCALCULATTONS.

.....40

ILLUMINANCECALCULATIONS.

..,...41

ExposureValueNumbers....

........41

INFRAREDREMOTECONTROL

.....42

GAL|BRATION....

...:.

.......43

ACCESSORfES. . . .

.. ...

.. .44

TECHNICALDETAILS

.....46

CAREANDSTORAGE

.....47

NAMES

OF

PARTS

Receptor

head

Memory clear

Infrared

(lR)

transmitter

window

(421

Data

panel

(101

Memory button

Strap

eyelet

Shadow

key

(29)

Averaging

key

(30)

ishlight key

(281

Measuring

button

Measuring-mode

switch

Up/down control

Function

switch

On/recall

button

(4)

Sync

terminal

www.orphancameras.com

Reflected-light attachment

(5)

Data-transmission

button

(42

(For

use with

Data Receiver

D R-1000)

Shutter-release

button

(4

(For

use with Data

Receiver

D

R-1000)

Tripod

socket

Battery

cover

(Measuring-level

adjuster

and

battery

chambers

A and

B inside)

Accessory-receptor

j

ack

Analog-display

switch

(

14)

Digital-display

switch

(1

1)

Normal/an

dyze switch

(

14)

Single/multi switch

PREPARATION

Installing the

Battery

The

Flash

Meter lV's

memory

and

measurement

circuits

are

powered

by one

AA-size battery

that

fits

into

battery chamber

A. A

1.S-volt

alkaline

or carbon-

zinc

or

1.2-volt

nickel-cadmium battery can

be

used.

1.

Remove

battery

cover

by sliding

it downward.

2. Insert

an

AA-size

battery into chamber A

with

plus

(+)

and

minus

(-)

ends

as

markdd

in

the battery

chamber.

3.

Realign

battery

cov-

er and

slide

it

upwards

until it snaps

into

place.

o

The

meter

will

not

operate

unless

a

fresh

battery is

properly

installed.

Infrared Tranrmitter

'

The

Flash

Meter

lV

has

a

built-in infrared trans-

mitter

for

use

with

the

optional Data

Receiver

DR-lOfi)

and

or lR

Receiver-Trigger

units. lf

you

use

either,

of

these

units,

a battery

must be installed

in

battery chamber B.

A 6-volt alkaline

(4LR44,

Eve-

ready

537 or

equiv.l or

6.2-volt

silver-oxide

(4SR44,

Eveready

il4

or equiv.) battery

can

be

used.

See

page

42 for

more

information about

using

these

units.

Switching

on the

Data Panel

The Flash Meter

lV

does not have

a

power

switch.

Even

with

power

supplied

continuously

to

the

meter's

memory,

the

power

consumption is

minimal. To

conserve

power,

the

Flash Meter

lV

automatically switch-

es

off the data

panel

display

4

minutes

after taking

a

reading

or

pressing

a

key. The most recent

display can

be

recalled

at any

time by

pressing

the On/Recall

button.

The display

is

illuminated

for

8

seconds after

the

key is

pressed.

Automatic battery check

When

battery

power

is

low,

the

displays

on the

data

panel

will

blink

while

taking

a

measurement.

lf

this occurs,

install

a

new

-.f

I ralEara.arr?f!lltt

ryh-550-

battery. When the battery

is

/

|

| \

\

completely exhausted,

the

data

panel

will

remain

blank

even

after

pressing

the

On/Recall

button.

o

When replacing

the

battery,

remove

the

dead

battery,

press

the

On/Recall

button

to

clear the

meter's

circuit, then

insert a

fresh battery.

www.orphancameras.com

Setting

the

Film Speed

1

.

Set

the function

switch

to

"lSO"

posi-

tion.

2.

Move

the

up/down

control

downward

to de-

crease

the

ISO

setting

and,

upward to

increase

the setting.

Each

time

the control is moved,

the

ISO setting

changes

by

1/3 stop.

The setting

changes continuously if

you

keep

pressing

the

up/down

control.

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3.

After setting

the

film

speed,

set the

function

switch to

"TlME"

or "FNo."

to take a

reading.

NOTE

o

Any speed

from

ISO 8 to ISO 6400 can be set.

o

f

SO 125

and

ISO 125O are displayed as

"lSO

12O"

and

"lSO

1200",

respectively.

o

After taking a

measurement,

you

can

change

the

film-speed setting

and the shutter-speed/f-number

combination

required for

correct exposure

will

also

change.

Attaching a Receptor

The

Flash Meter is

supplied

with

two

receptors:

a

spherical

diffuser for incident-light

measurements

and

a

reflected-light

attachment

for reflected-light meas-

urements.

An explanation

of

how to take

incident-

and

ref

lected-light

measurements

appears

on

the

following

pages.

Spherical

Diffuser

for inci-

dent

light

Ref lected-l i

ght

attachment

for reflected light

To attach a

receptor:

Align

the

white

dot

on the

receptor

with the

receptor index and insert

the

receptor's

bayonet

into the socket.

Rotate

the receptor clockwise

to

secure it.

To

remove

a

receptor:

Rotate the receptor

counterclockwise

until

its dot

aligns

with recep-

tor

index and

lift

the

receptor out of

the sock-

et.

Accessories

The

reflected-light

attachment supplied with the

meter has

a

40"

angle of view.

To take

"spot"

read-

ings of

smaller

areas of

a

scene, Minolta's

5" View-

finder

or 10"

Viewfinder ll can

be used. The

Booster

ll is

available

for

taking

reflected-light

readings

off

a

view

camera's

groundglass

screen or

in

very low

light.

Refer

to

pages

44

and

45 for

more information

about

these and other

accessories for

the

Flash

Meter

lv'

5

GENERAL INFORMATION

lncident{ight Readings

With incident-light

readings, exposure is based on the brightness

of the

light falling

on the subject. The sub-

ject's

reflectivity

(how

light

or

dark

it

is) does

not

influence

the

reading.

Many

photographers

prefer

to make incident-light

readings

because these readings

produce

very

predictable,

consistent exposures

for most

average scenes.

Furthermore,

this

method

is very

quick

and

simple, and thus is

well-suited

to

determining the exposure in

fast-changing

situations.

Taking Incident-light Readings

Attach

the spherical diffuser to the

Flash Meter lV. The

optional

Flat

Diffuser, Mini Diffuser,

and the

4X

and

8X Spherical

ND Diffusers can also be used.

Move in close

to

the subiect so that

you

can measure the same

light

that is

falling

on the

subject.

Aim

the

diffuser directly at the

camera lens. lf

you

can't

get

close

to the subject,

hold

the

meter in

the opposite

direction

that

the camera lens is

facing.

In

"AMBI" and "CORD"

modes,

take the

reading

by

pressing

the

measuring

button. In

"NON.C"

mode,

press

the

measuring

button

to

activate the

meter,

then trigger the

flash unit

to take the

reading.

Incident

light

metering

Light source

Camera

www.orphancameras.com

Reflected{ight

Readings

With

reflected-light

readings,

the

Flash Meter lV

averages the

light reflected from

all subjects in the scene. Like

all

reflected-light

meters, including those

used

in single-lens

reflex

cameras, the

Flash Meter lV

is designed to

give

the correct

exposure

for a

medium-gray

tone.

The assumption

is

that

theaveragereflectance

of the

various light and dark tones in

a scene

would

be about the

same as a

medium-gray tone. In a wide

variety

of situations,

reflected-light readings

produce

good

exposures.

A

major

advantage

of taking reflected-light

readings is

that

you

can

select

which

tones

are most important and

determine

the

exposure

just

for

these tones.

For

example,

a

bright

highlight

or shadow area can be

measured

and

the

exposure can

be

calculated to retain

detail in

that area

{see

pages

34 and

35).

Taking Reflected-light Readings

To take a

reflected-light

reading,

attach the reflected-light attachment.

The

optional

Viewfinder

5o,

View-

finder

10o ll can

also

be

used.

lf

you

use

the Minolta Booster, Booster

ll

orSiner

Boosterl,

the spherical diffuser

must

be

attached to the receptor

head.

Hold the meter

near

the

camera lens

and

aim

the

meter's

receptor

at

the

subiect.

The

reflected-light

attach-

ment

has

a

40o

angle

of view,

so

you

may

need

to move closer to the subject so that the

reading is not

influenced

by

the background.

To make

it

easier

to aim

the

meter, the

receptor head can

be rotated

up to 270".

In

"AMBl"

and

"CORD"

modes, take the

reading

by

pressing

the measuring button. In

"NON.C"

mode,

press

the measuring button to activate the

meter, then trigger

the flash unit to take the

reading.

Reflected light

metering

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tf

ffi

Camera

Selecting

the

Measuring

Mode:

Ambient

and

Flash

Light

Measurements

Ambient

Light Mode

"AMB

l"

(ambient

light) mode:

Use

f

or

measu rements

of

con-

tinuous

light

sources,

in-

cl ud i

ng

day

I

ight,

tu

ng-

sten

I

ights,

neon

and

fluorescent

lights,

and

television

screens.

o

After

ta

king

a

read

ing,

you

can change

the shutter

speed

(in

"TlME"

mode)

or f-number

("FNo."

mode) by moving

the

up/down

control.

The

new

shutter-speed

lt-number

combination

will

be

displayed.

Flash

Light Modes

"CORD"

(sync

cord)

mode

:

I

n

th

is

mode,

a

sync cord

is

connected

between the flash unit

and meter

to

trigger the

f

lash

un

it.

Th

is mode

can

be

used

to

take

read-

ings of

electronic

flash

and

f

lash

bu

lbs.

"NON.C"

(non-cord)

mode:

In

this

mode,

a

sync

cord is

not requ

ired;

you

manually

trigger

the

flash

to

take

a

measure-

ment.

This mode

can be

used

to

take

readings

of

electronic f

lash.

www.orphancameras.com

Selecting the

Function

"T

I

M E" Mode:

In shut-

ter-priority

("T

lM

E")

mode,

you

f

irst

set the

desired shutter

speed,

then take a

measure-

ment.

The

requ ired

f-

number

will

be

displayed

on

the

data

panel.

o

The

shutter speed can

be set

f rom

1/8000

sec. to

30

m

inutes in

"AM

B l"

mode,

and

f

rom 1/1

000

sec.

to

30

minutes in

"CORD'

and

"NON.C"

f lash

modes.

ffi

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t-f

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\

"FNo"

Mode: In

aper-

ture-priority

("F

No.")

mode,

you

can

select

any

f-number

setting from

t

lo.7

to

t

190.

o

Ambient-light

meas-

urements:

Set

the

f-

nu m

ber, then ta

ke

a

measu

rement. The

re-

qu

ired shutter speed

will

be

dispf

ayed

on

the data

panel.

4h

5.6s

F

lash

measu

rements

:

Set the

shutter

speed

for

proper

X-sync,

then

set the

f-number.

After

taking

a

meas-

urement,

the Guide

Value

(GV)

number

will

indicate

how

to

adjust

the

flash

power

f

or

correct

exposu

re.

lf

you

do not

want to change the

f lash's

power

level,

you

can use

the

up/down control

to set

the

Guide

Value

number

to

zero.

The

new f-number

setting

required

for

correct exposure

will be

d

isplayed

.

lf

the ambient-light

level

is

too

h igh

for

the

shutter-speed

lf-number

combination

you

have

set,

the

shutter

speed

will be

changed

automatically

to

display

the

correct

exposure settings.

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2.

DATA

PANEL

DISPLAYS

1. Pointers

Shadow calculation mark

Analog

displays

Contrast scal

F-number

scale

3. Shutter

speed

(TIME)/frame

rate

(crN

E)

4.

ISO

film

speed

5. Number of exposures/Guide Value

(GV)

1.

Pointerc

Pointers

above analog

displays

indicate

the

most

recent measurement

and any

memorized

read-

ings and

calculated reading.

2. Analog displays

When f-number

scale

is

displayed,

the

pointers

indicate

the

f-number

setting.

When

the

contrast

scale is displayed,

the

pointers

indicate

the

differ-

ence in

exposure for

up

to three

readings.

3. Shutter

speedfframo

rate

Shutter speed

can

be set in

full-stops

from

1/8000

sec. to 30 min. in

ambient-light

(AMBI)

mode

and

from

1/1000

to

30

min. in flash

(CORD

or NON.C) modes.

Frame

rate

(filming

rate) for

movie

cameras can be set

at 8,

12, 16,

18,24,32,

or

64

frames

per

second

in ambient-

light

(AMBI)

mode.

4.

ISO

film

speed

When function

switch is set to

"lSO",

film

speed

can be

adjusted

from ISO

8 to ISO 6400

in

1/3-stop increments.

5.

Number of

exposures/Guide

Value

When

"MULTl"

is

displayed,

number

of ex-

posures

required is

indicated.

Display

shows from

"O"

to

"9",

then changes back

to

"O"

and

continues

counting if

additional

measurements

are

taken.

When "GV" is displayed,

the amount

of

adjustment to flash

power

is indicated.

6.

Reflected-light

calculation modes

"l!1"

for

highlight calculation,

"El"

for

shadow

calculation, and

"El"

for

an average

of two

measurements.

6. Reflected-light

calculation

modes

Highlight calculation mark

7.

Analyze

function

indicator

8. Memory indicators

9. Under/over

range

indicators

10. Measuring modes

11. Multiple

measurement

indicator

12.

F-numbers

(FNo.)/Aperture

Value

numbers

(ExlN)

7. Analyze

function

indicator

"AN."

blinks when

normal/analyze

switch is set

to "ANALYZE".

8. Memory indicators

A dot appears when a

measurement

is stored in

the

memory.

Up to

two

measurements

can

be

stored

and recalled.

9. Over/under

range

indicators

lf brightness is

under

the

meter's measurement

range,

"V"

blinks;

if over

the

meter's range,

tt

@tt

blinks.

o

ff

"U"

or "4"

blink

together

with "T|ME",

"FNo.",

"ExlN",

"GV", or

"MULTl",

thg

measurement is

outside of

the meter's display

range.

Usable

reading

or indications can be

displayed

by

moving the

up/down control.

10.

Measuring modes

"AMBI"

for

ambient

light,

"CORD" for flash

measurements using a sync cord, "NON.C"

for

flash

measurements without

using

sync cord.

1 1.

Multiple

measurement

indicator

"MULTl"

is

displayed when

single/multi

switch

is set to

"MULTl"

position

for multiple measure-

ments.

12.

F-numbers/Aperture

Value numben

Measurements

appear

on display

with

0.1 stop

accuracy.

F-number

("FNo.")

range

is f/0.7

to

f

l9O

+0.9

stop. Aperture Value

("ExlN")

numbers range

is

-15.9

to 45.6.

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DIGITAL

DISPLAYS

F-numbers

("FNo."

settingl

When

the

digital-

display

("FNo./ExlN")

switch

is set

to

"FNo.",

the

Flash

Meter

[V

shows

the f-number

setting

in

digital form.

The

small

number

the

f-

number

is

a

one-tenth

stop

display

and

indi-

cates how

much

the

f-number

or

shutter

speed

should

be changed

for

correct exposure.

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.

O

.

I

.

1.. t.a

*

5Y

*g.d

Adjustments for

tenth-stop

indications

Tenth-stop

Adjustmenr

o-2

Set f-number to

full stop setting

3-7

Close aperture

1/2 stop.

E.9., set aper-

ture

haffway

between

tl8

and

tl11

if dispfay

shows

"

f

l8.B

t".

8-9

Close aperture

1 stop.

E.9., set aperture

to

f

111

if display

shows

"llfl.Bg".

Shuttsr

Speed

The shutter speed

is

indicated

next to the 'TlME"

mark. The indication

for 11125

sec.

is displayed

as

"

i?s ".

All other

speeds are

displayed

in

the

usual

way.

Aperture

Value

Numberr

("ExlN"

settingl

When

the

digital-

display switch

is set

to

"ExlN",

apertur€

value

numbers are

displayed

on

the

data

panel.

These

numbers

cgn

be used

to

determine

the

lighting

ratio

of

a

scene

or to

compare

readings taken

in ambient

("AMBl"l

mode with

readings

taken a

flash

("CORD"

or

"NON.C"l

mode.

The

"ExlN" setting

can also be

used to

display

Exposure

Value

("EV")

numbers

which are

usOd

to

determine the

illuminance

of an ambient

light source

(see

page

41).

rr.

E'-

f,o

5rl

11

ANALOG

DISPLAYS

When

the

function

switch

is at

"TlME"

or

"GV",

either

the

f-number

scale or

the

contrast

scale can be

displayed

by

setting the anafog-display switch

to

"FNo."

or

"CONTRAST"

position.

When

the

func-

tion

switch

is

set

to

"F

N

o."

,

the

contrast scale

is

displayed even if

the anafog-display switch is

set to

"FN

o.".

Contrast

scale

The contrast scale has

a

range

from

-4

to

+4

stops.

Pointers

indicate the differences

in

exposure

between

up

to

three

readings.

Readings

are

indicated

with

1

/4-stop

accu

racy f rom

-3

to

+3

stops,

and

w ith

'll2-stop

accuracy

from

-4

to

-3

and

+3

to

+4

stops.

-1..-3s.

-2

.

-1

.

0

o

1

.

2x. 3.4

a

ffh'*5.8,r"''

When

a single

reeding has

been stored

in

the

memory,

a

pointer

appears above the

"O"

in

the

center

of

the

display.Pointers

appear

above

the

contrast

sca le on

ly

when a

read ing

is

stored

in

the

memory.

When a

shadow

cal-

cufation

is

made, a

pointer

will appear above

the

small

"S"

mark

"tr,

I

iEl

-4..3s.

-2

.

-l

.

0

.

1

.

2\.

3.1.

*E,[i

'*

-r

h

aMB,

"tr1

l.fl

n

In

exposure.

I

a:r

-.

-4..3s.

-2

.

-1

.

O

.

I

.

2x.

3.4.

Jj''

f n

FNo

rlr-r f f

;.

'

;-__l

7.n

I

roxc

LI

'

\

which

indicates

a

2.7

-stop

decrease

in

exposure.

Likewise, highlight

cafculations

are shown

by

a

pointer

above the

small

"H"

mark

which

indicates

a 2.3-stop

increase

When us ing

the

ana-

lyze function

to take

read

i

ngs

of

m

ixed

f

lash

and

am

bient

light,

the

pointers

on

the

contrast

scale

indicate

the

relative

intensity

of

f lash

and

am bient

light sou

rces.

The

positions

of

the

pointers

will

change

as

the

f-number/

shutter-speed

combination

is

changed.

Please

refer

to

pages

26

through

35

for

more

information

about the

memory,

shadow,

highlight,

and

analyze

functions.

12

F-number

scale

The

pointers

above the

f-number

scale indicate

f-number

settings

with

1|2-stop

accuracy.

The display

range

is

f rom t

11

to

f

/90.

lf

the

required f-number

is

outside

this

range,

the

't<"

or

and

"

(U

"

or

"

O"

vvill

blink.

a

11,42

2.84

5.68

lt162232456490

a

ffh

""5.E,J'u"'

www.orphancameras.com

GUIDE

VALUE

DISPLAY

The Guide

Value

("GV")

number indicates

how

the

f lash

power

should

be adjusted

for

correct expo-

sure

without

changing the

f-number

setting.

Guide

Value

control

in

aperture-priority

("FNo.")

mode:

To

get

correct ex-

posure

at

f/5.6

and

1/60

sec.,

"*1

GV"

indicates

that

the

flash

power

Guide

Value

control

in

shutter-priority

("TlME")

mode:

After taking the

reading, move function switch

from

"TlME"

to

"GV".

Move

the

up/down

control

to

change

the

"GV"

number. This results in

a

corre-

sponding

change

in

the

f-number

setting.

-4.-3s.

-2

.

-1

.

0

.

I

.

28.

3.4

%

EfLf

.*,

L- tr

-.coRD

tso

7

4

\.

I

u'

-7.n

il

LI' \

In

this

example, the

upl

down

control

was

used

to

change the

f-number

from

t15.6

to

5.6

+

0.6.

The

"GV"

correspondingly

changed

from

0

to

+1

.

"+1

GV"

indi-

cates

that the

flash

power

must

be

increased by one

stop

(dou

bled)

for

correct

exposu

re

at

t

15.6

+

0.6

stop.

-4.-3s. -2

.

-1

.

0

.

I

.

2H.

3.4

t".|.

,- t-,

ri|o

ft t-f

,,

_

t' f-

coRD

-JT__r,iiel1.fi

ft

i

-4.-3sa -2

.

-1

.

0

.

1

.

28. 3.4

**

,- ,-,

*t

flli_

+

,_

F-

tr

-

coRD

""

[_i_l

__\'ioJ,f,

E,

shou

ld

be increased

by

one

distance between

the

flash

creased

by a

factor

of

1

11.4.

stop

(dou

b

led

)

or

the

and

su

bject ca

n

be de-

to

114

power)

or

the

and

subject

can be

For

correct

exposu

re

at

t15.6

and

1160

sec.,

"-2

GV"

indicates

that

the

f lash

power

shou

ld

be

decreased

two

stops

distance between the

dou bled.

-4.-3s.

-2

o

-1

.

0

r

1

.

2H. 3.4

t-.

, r-,

tlt

tf

t-t

""-

-L-'nu

7.n [i

Er-t \

(set

flash

lf

you

cannot

change

the

flash

power

or the

flash-to-subject

distance,

adjust the

f-number

set-

ting

until

the

"GV"

number

is

set

to

tT"

(zero).

Make

the

exposure

at that

f-number

setting.

o

In

aperture-priority

("F

No.")

mode,

the

"GV"

number

is

displayed

in

full

stops.

lf

the measured

value falls

between the

f

u ll-stop

settings, the

difference

(from

0.1

to

0.9

stop)

will

be indicated

by

the

small

number

digital

f-number.

Relationship

between

GV,

flash

power,

and

flash-to-subject distance.

':o

coRo

.

O

.

1

.

2^.

@

rttl

Liev

I lLi

-4o-3s

.

-2

.,

,r",

tr n

LI LI

fso

f_

L,

L'I

GV

number

-8

-7

-6 -5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

+1

+2

+3 +4 +5 +6

+7 +8

F las h

power

11256x

1

1128x

1164x

1132x

1

/16x

1l9x 1l4x

1l2x

1x

2x

4x

8x

16x

32x 64x

128x 256x

F lash-to-sub-

ject

distance

16x

11.3x

8x 5.7x

4x

2.Bx

2x

1.4x

1x 1

l1

.4x

1l2x 1l2.Bx

1

l4x

115.7x

l

l9x

1

111

.3x

1

l16x

13

AMBIENT

LIGHT MEASUREMENTS

Shutter-priority

("TIME

"l

Mode

Single

Measurements

1.

Srt

switches on

left

side of meter

to:

Analog-displayswitch.

.

. . .

"FNo."

Digital-displayswitch.

.

. . . "FNo."

Normal/analyze

switch

"NORM"

Single/multi

switch

.."SINGLE"

2. S.t

measuring

mode

to

"AMB|".

3.

S.t

function

switch

to

"TlME".

4.

S"t

shutter speed by

moving up/down

control.

o

Any

speed

from

30

min.

to

1/8000 sec.

can

be

set in full-

stops.

-

.""t"ort:Atn"

r*fl

o

if

-o"'1\

.o*o.r.r*1^o./\

ouifriEi'

14

5. Prrs measuring but-

ton

to take a

measure-

ment.

In

this

example,

the

shutter speed was set

to

1/30

sec.

and the

required f-number

was

f/l6

plus

0.2

stop.

r

tartaaLa !taltaaa.t

+h

^

t6?"

lf

"FNo."

and

"@"

or

"O"

blink, the

brightness

level

is outside the meter's display

range. lf

this

happens,

change the shutter speed

to obtain

an

appropriate

f-number/shutter-speed

combination.

lf

the

shutter speed or

film-speed

setting is chang-

ed

after

the

measurement

is

taken, the f-number

will change

automatically

to show

the

correct

ex-

posure

at the

new

settings.

www.orphancameras.com

I

AMBI

ENT

LIGHT

MEASUREMENTS

Shutter-priority

{"TlME"}

Mode

Multiple

Measurements

1.

Set

switches

on left side

of

meter to:

Analog-displayswitch.

.

."FNo."

Digital-display

switch

.

"FNo."

Normal/analyze

switch

"NORM"

Single/multi

switch

.."MULTI"

coNrRAsr

.flrn.

,n.fl. H **nfQ

.

ono.rr,tt^o.r.flgmimrt

2.

S.t

measuring

mode

to

"AMBl".

3.

Srt

function

switch

to "T|ME".

4. Srt shutter

speed by

moving

up/down control.

o

Any speed

from

30

min.

to

1/8000

sec.

can

be set in

full-

stops.

5.

Press measuring but-

ton to

take a

measure-

ment.

o

The display

shows

the

f-number

required

and

the

number

of mea-

surements

taken.

o

In

this example, 5

measurements have

been

taken and

the

required f-number

is

f/5.6

plus

0.3

stop.

I

ultraaaa

ra||laaaat

ffi',

?.go:

| !rtttatta t|atlaaaat

5fr1^s.Er;

6.

Each time the

measuring button is

pressed,

an

additional measurement

is taken and

the meter

recal-

culates

the

cumulative exposure. The

total

number

of

measurements

and

the

f-number

reguired

are dis-

played.

o

Before taking a

new

series of

slide

the single/multi switch. to

check

that data

panel

shows "

'A

".

measurements,

,,RESET"

ANd

raa

I

lrl

lltl

15

AMBI ENT

LIGHT

MEASUREMENTS

Aperture-priority

("FNo.")

Mode

Single

Measurements

1.

S.t

switches

on

left

side

of

meter

to:

Analog-display

switch*.

.

. .

"CONTRAST"

Digital-displayswitch. ..

."FNo."

Normal/analyzeswitch .

"NORM"

Single/multi

switch . "SINGLE"

*

When

the

function switch

is

set to

"FNo."

below),

the contrast scale

is displayed

even

analog-display

switch

is

set to

"FNo.".

2.

S.t

measuring

mode

to

"AMBI".

3.

Sr,

function

switch

to "FNo.".

4.

Srt

f-number

by

mov-

ing up/down control.

o

Any f-number

from

tl0.7

to

f/90

can be

set

in

full-stops.

(step

3

if

the

rA'

V

16

5.

Press

measuring

but-

ton to take a

measure-

ment.

In

this

example, the

f-number

was set to

f/l6

and

the

required

shutter speed

was

1/30 sec.

.a..3r.

-2 .

.l

.

0

.

t

.

2i.

3.a

*Jl?

@

r.

aro'

%Y_l

ibc

ff

"TlME"

and

ttUltt

or

"O" blink,

the

brightness

level is

outside the

meter's display

range. lf

this

happens,

change

the

f-number

to

obtain an appro-

priate

f-num

ber/shutter-speed

com bination.

www.orphancameras.com

I

AMBI

ENT

LIGHT

MEASUREMENTS

Aperture-priority

("FNo.")

Mode

Multiple

Measurements

1.

S.t

switches on left

side

of meter

to:

Analogdisplay

switch*. .

.

"CONTRAST"

Digital-displayswitch.

. . . .

"FNo."

Normal/analyze

switch

"NORM"

Single/multi switch

.."MULTI"

*

When the

function

switch

is

set to

"FNo."

(step

4

below),

the

contrast

scale

is

displayed

even if

the

analog-display switch is

set

to

"FNo.".

2.

S.t

measuring mode

to "AMBl".

3. s.t

function

switch

to

"TlME",

then

set

shutter

speed

by moving

up/down

control.

o

Any

speed

from

30

min.

to

1/8000

sec.

can be

set

in

full

stops.

4. S.t

function

switch

to "FNo.",

then set

f-number by

moving

up/

down control.

o

Any

f-number

from

t/0.7

to

f/90

can

be

set in

full-stops.

5.

Pr.r, measuring

but-

ton to take a

measure-

ment.

6.

Tn.

data

panel

will

show

the

number

of

exposures

required.

o

In

this

example,

the

f-number

was

set to

f/8;

are

required.

o

Each

time

the

measuring

button is

pressed,

new

measurement

is taken.

l.a

rT

'rl'l

.

o

.

t

.

t..

r..*--.al-r

tc_,,

rr

. tfi^5I.||

-,

Itit u

.{ .

{

rll

TA

a.ar

tr'!

I

'.9

f

5

exposures

at

1/30

sec.

17

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Minolta Flash meter IV User manual

Minolta Flash meter IV User manual

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