PGP Command Line 10.1 User guide

PGP® Command Line

User's Guide

Version Information

PGP Command Line User's Guide. Version 10.1. Released September 2010.

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Acknowledgments

This product includes or may include:

-- The Zip and ZLib compression code, created by Mark Adler and Jean-Loup Gailly, is used with permission from the free Info-ZIP implementation,

developed by zlib (

http://www.zlib.net). -- Libxml2, the XML C parser and toolkit developed for the Gnome project and distributed and copyrighted

under the MIT License found at

http://jakarta.apache.org/), web

server (

http://www.apache.org/), Jakarta Commons (http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/license.html) and log4j, a Java-based library used to parse

HTML, developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The license is at

www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt. -- Castor, an open-source, data-

binding framework for moving data from XML to Java programming language objects and from Java to databases, is released by the ExoLab Group

under an Apache 2.0-style license, available at

http://www.castor.org/license.html. -- Xalan, an open-source software library from the Apache Software

Foundation that implements the XSLT XML transformation language and the XPath XML query language, is released under the Apache Software

License, version 1.1, available at

http://xml.apache.org/xalan-j/#license1.1. -- Apache Axis is an implementation of the SOAP ("Simple Object Access

Protocol") used for communications between various PGP products is provided under the Apache license found at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt. -- mx4j, an open-source implementation of the Java Management Extensions (JMX), is released

under an Apache-style license, available at

http://mx4j.sourceforge.net/docs/ch01s06.html. -- jpeglib version 6a is based in part on the work of the

Independent JPEG Group. (

http://www.ijg.org/) -- libxslt the XSLT C library developed for the GNOME project and used for XML transformations is

distributed under the MIT License

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html. -- PCRE Perl regular expression compiler, copyrighted and

http://www.pcre.org/license.txt. -- BIND Balanced Binary Tree Library

and Domain Name System (DNS) protocols developed and copyrighted by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. (

http://www.isc.org) -- Free BSD

http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/about/license.html. -- NTP version 4.2 developed

by Network Time Protocol and copyrighted to various contributors. -- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol developed and copyrighted by OpenLDAP

OpenLDAP Foundation. The license agreement is at

http://www.openldap.org/software/release/license.html. Secure shell OpenSSH developed by

OpenBSD project is released by the OpenBSD Project under a BSD-style license, available at

http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-

bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/ssh/LICENCE?rev=HEAD. -- PC/SC Lite is a free implementation of PC/SC, a specification for SmartCard integration is released

under the BSD license. -- Postfix, an open source mail transfer agent (MTA), is released under the IBM Public License 1.0, available at

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/ibmpl.php. -- PostgreSQL, a free software object-relational database management system, is released under a

BSD-style license, available at

http://www.postgresql.org/about/licence. -- PostgreSQL JDBC driver, a free Java program used to connect to a

BSD-style license, available at

http://jdbc.postgresql.org/license.html. -- PostgreSQL Regular Expression Library, a free software object-relational

database management system, is released under a BSD-style license, available at

http://www.postgresql.org/about/licence. -- 21.vixie-cron is the Vixie

- JacORB, a Java object used to facilitate communication between processes written in Java and the data layer, is open source licensed under the

GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) available at

is an open-source implementation of a CORBA Object Request Broker (ORB), and is used for communication between processes written in C/C++ and

Vanderbilt University. The open source software license is available at

http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE-copying.html. -- libcURL, a library for

downloading files via common network services, is open source software provided under a MIT/X derivate license available at

under a BSD-style license, available at

libpopt, a library that parses command line options, is released under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License available at

to communicate with the Intel Corporation AMT chipset on a motherboard, is distributed under the gSOAP Public License version 1.3b, available at

4

http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/license.html. -- Windows Template Library (WTL) is used for developing user interface components and is distributed

under the Common Public License v1.0 found at

http://opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.php. -- The Perl Kit provides several independent utilities used to

automate a variety of maintenance functions and is provided under the Perl Artistic License, found at

http://www.perl.com/pub/a/language/misc/Artistic.html. -- rEFIt - libeg, provides a graphical interface library for EFI, including image rendering, text

rendering, and alpha blending, and is distributed under the license found at

reserved. -- Java Radius Client, used to authenticate PGP Universal Web Messenger users via Radius, is distributed under the Lesser General Public

License (LGPL) found at

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html. -- Yahoo! User Interface (YUI) library version 2.5.2, a Web UI interface library for AJAX.

http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/license.html. --

JSON-lib version 2.2.1, a Java library used to convert Java objects to JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects for AJAX. Distributed under the

Apache 2.0 license, available at

http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/license.html. -- EZMorph, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license,

available at

http://ezmorph.sourceforge.net/license.html. -- Apache Commons Lang, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license,

available at

http://commons.apache.org/license.html. -- Apache Commons BeanUtils, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license,

available at

http://commons.apache.org/license.html. -- SimpleIni is an .ini format file parser and provides the ability to read and write .ini files, a

common configuration file format used on Windows, on other platforms. Distributed under the MIT License found at

Standard Template Library functions and data structures and is distributed under the MIT License found at

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-

format, are used to serialize structure data in the PGP SDK. Distributed under the BSD license found at

http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-

Additional acknowledgements and legal notices are included as part of the PGP Universal Server.

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i

Contents

PGP Command Line Basics 1

Important Concepts 1

Getting Started 2

Installation 5

Overview 5

System Requirements 6

Windows 7 and Vista 6

Windows Server 2008 and 2003 7

Windows XP 9

Windows 2000 10

IBM AIX 10

HP-UX 11i 10

Solaris 9 and 10 10

Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, and Fedora Core 11

Mac OS X 11

Installing on AIX 11

Changing the Home Directory on AIX 13

Uninstalling on AIX 13

Installing on HP-UX 14

Changing the Home Directory on HP-UX 15

Installing to a Non-Default Directory on HP-UX 15

Uninstalling on HP-UX 16

Installing on Mac OS X 16

Changing the Home Directory on Mac OS X 17

Uninstalling on Mac OS X 17

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora Core 18

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Fedora Core 18

Changing the Home Directory on Linux or Fedora Core 19

Uninstalling on Linux or Fedora Core 19

Installing on Solaris 20

Changing the Home Directory on Solaris 21

Uninstalling on Solaris 22

Installing on Windows 22

PGP Command Line for Windows and PGP Desktop on the Same System 22

To Install on Windows 22

Changing the Home Directory on Windows 23

Uninstalling on Windows 24

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

Licensing 25

Overview 25

License Recovery 26

Using a License Number 27

Re-Licensing 28

Through a Proxy Server 29

The Command-Line Interface 31

Overview 31

Flags and Arguments 33

Flags 33

Arguments 34

Configuration File 36

Keyserver Configuration File Settings 40

Environment Variables 41

Standard Input, Output, and Error 42

Redirecting an Existing File 42

Entering Data 43

Specifying a Key 44

'Secure' Options 44

Passphrases 45

First Steps 47

Overview 47

Creating Your Keypair 48

Protecting Your Private Key 49

Distributing Your Public Key 50

Posting Your Public Key to a Keyserver 51

Exporting Your Public Key to a Text File 51

Getting the Public Keys of Others 52

Finding a Public Key on a Keyserver 52

Importing a Public Key from a Keyserver 53

Verifying Keys 54

Cryptographic Operations 57

Overview 57

Commands 58

--armor (-a) 58

--clearsign 60

--decrypt 62

--detached (-b) 64

--dump-packets, --list-packets 65

--encrypt (-e) 66

--export-session-key 70

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

--list-sda 71

--list-archive 71

--sign (-s) 72

--symmetric (-c) 74

--verify 76

Key Listings 79

Overview 79

Commands 80

--fingerprint 80

--fingerprint-details 81

--list-key-details 82

--list-keys (-l) 84

--list-keys-xml 84

--list-sig-details 85

--list-sigs 86

--list-userids 86

Working with Keyservers 89

Overview 89

Commands 90

--keyserver-disable 90

--keyserver-recv 91

--keyserver-remove 92

--keyserver-search 92

--keyserver-send 93

--keyserver-update 94

Managing Keys 97

Overview 99

Commands 99

--add-adk 99

--add-photoid 100

--add-preferred-cipher 101

--add-preferred-compression-algorithm 101

--add-preferred-email-encoding 102

--add-preferred-hash 102

--add-revoker 103

--add-userid 103

--cache-passphrase 104

--change-passphrase 105

--clear-key-flag 106

--disable 106

--enable 107

--export, --export-key-pair 107

--export-photoid 110

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

--gen-key 111

--gen-revocation 113

--gen-subkey 114

--get-email-encoding 115

--import 115

--join-key 117

--join-key-cache-only 120

--key-recon-send 121

--key-recon-recv-questions 123

--key-recon-recv 124

--remove 124

--remove-adk 125

--remove-all-adks 125

--remove-all-photoids 126

--remove-all-revokers 126

--remove-expiration-date 127

--remove-key-pair 127

--remove-photoid 127

--remove-preferred-cipher 128

--remove-preferred-compression-algorithm 128

--remove-preferred-email-encoding 129

--remove-preferred-hash 129

--remove-preferred-keyserver 130

--remove-revoker 130

--remove-sig 131

--remove-subkey 132

--remove-userid 132

--revoke 133

--revoke-sig 133

--revoke-subkey 134

--send-shares 135

--set-expiration-date 135

--set-key-flag 136

--set-preferred-ciphers 136

--set-preferred-compression-algorithms 137

--set-preferred-email-encodings 137

--set-preferred-hashes 138

--set-preferred-keyserver 139

--set-primary-userid 139

--set-trust 140

--sign-key 140

--sign-userid 141

--split-key 142

Working with Email 147

Overview 147

Encrypt Email 149

Sign Email 150

Decrypt Email 150

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

Verify Email 151

Annotate Email 151

Working with a PGP Key Management Server

153

Overview 154

New Terms and Concepts 154

Relationship with a PGP KMS 155

Authentication for PGP KMS Operations 155

--create-mak 157

--import-mak 158

--export-mak 159

--export-mak-pair 159

--request-cert 160

--edit-mak 161

--search-mak 162

--delete-mak 163

--create-mek-series 163

--edit-mek-series 164

--search-mek-series 165

--delete-mek-series 166

--create-mek 167

--import-mek 167

--export-mek 168

--edit-mek 168

--search-mek 169

--create-msd 170

--export-msd 171

--edit-msd 172

--search-msd 173

--delete-msd 174

--create-consumer 174

--search-consumer 175

Miscellaneous Commands

177

Overview 177

Commands 178

--create-keyrings 178

--help (-h) 179

--license-authorize 179

--purge-all-caches 179

--purge-keyring-cache 179

--purge-passphrase-cache 180

--speed-test 180

--version 180

--wipe 181

--check-sigs 182

--check-userids 182

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

Options 185

Using Options 185

Boolean Options 186

--alternate-format 186

--annotate 186

--archive 187

--banner 188

--biometric 188

--buffered-stdio 188

--compress, --compression 189

--details 189

--email 190

--encrypt-to-self 190

--eyes-only 190

--fast-key-gen 191

--fips-mode, --fips 191

--force (-f) 191

--halt-on-error 192

--keyring-cache 192

--large-keyrings 193

--license-recover 193

--local-mode 194

--marginal-as-valid 194

--master-key 194

--pass-through 194

--passphrase-cache 195

--photo 195

--quiet (-q) 195

--recursive 195

--reverse-sort, --reverse 196

--sda 196

--skep 196

--text-mode, --text (-t) 197

--truncate-passphrase 197

--verbose (-v) 197

--warn-adk 198

--wrapper-key 198

--xml 198

Integer Options 200

--3des 200

--aes128, --aes192, --aes256 200

--bits, --encryption-bits 201

--blowfish 201

--bzip2 201

--cast5 202

--creation-days 202

--expiration-days 202

--idea 203

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

--index 203

--keyring-cache-timeout 204

--keyserver-timeout 204

--md5 204

--passphrase-cache-timeout 205

--partitioned 205

--pgp-mime 205

--ripemd160 206

--sha, --sha256, --sha384, --sha512 206

--signing-bits 208

--skep-timeout 208

--threshold 208

--trust-depth 208

--twofish 209

--wipe-input-passes 209

--wipe-overwrite-passes 209

--wipe-passes 210

--wipe-temp-passes 210

--zip 210

--zlib 210

Enumeration Options 211

--auto-import-keys 211

--cipher 211

--compression-algorithm 212

--compression-level 213

--email-encoding 213

--enforce-adk 213

--export-format 214

--hash 215

--import-format 215

--input-cleanup 216

--key-flag 216

--key-type 217

--manual-import-key-pairs 218

--manual-import-keys 218

--overwrite 218

--sig-type 219

--sort-order, --sort 219

--tar-cache-cleanup 220

--target-platform 220

--temp-cleanup 221

--trust 221

String Options 221

--city, --common-name, --contact-email, --country 221

--comment 221

--creation-date 222

--default-key 222

--expiration-date 223

--export-passphrase 223

--home-dir 223

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

--local-user (-u), --user 224

--license-name, --license-number, --license-organization, --license-email 224

--new-passphrase 225

--organization, --organizational-unit 225

--output (-o) 225

--output-file 226

--passphrase 226

--preferred-keyserver 227

--private-keyring 227

--proxy-passphrase, --proxy-server, --proxy-username 228

--public-keyring 228

--recon-server 229

--regular-expression 229

--random-seed 229

--root-path 230

--share-server 230

--state 230

--status-file 230

--symmetric-passphrase 231

--temp-dir 231

List Options 232

--additional-recipient 232

--adk 232

--input (-i) 232

--question / --answer 233

--keyserver 233

--recipient (-r) 234

--revoker 234

--share 235

File Descriptors 236

--auth-passphrase-fd, auth-passphrase-fd8 236

--export-passphrase-fd, --export-passphrase-fd8 236

--new-passphrase-fd, --new-passphrase-fd8 237

--passphrase-fd, --passphrase-fd8 237

--proxy-passphrase-fd, --proxy-passphrase-fd8 237

--symmetric-passphrase-fd, --symmetric-passphrase-fd8 237

Lists

239

Basic Key List 239

The Default Key Column 240

The Algorithm Column 240

The Type Column 241

The Size/Type Column 241

The Flags Column 242

The Key ID Column 243

The User ID Column 244

Detailed Key List 244

Main Key Details 246

Subkey Details 253

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

ADK Details 255

Revoker Details 255

Key List in XML Format 256

Elements with fixed settings 260

X.509 Signatures 262

Detailed Signature List 263

Usage Scenarios

269

Secure Off-Site Backup 269

PGP Command Line and PGP Desktop 270

Compression Saves Money 270

Surpasses Legal Requirements 271

Quick Reference 273

Commands 273

Options 277

Environment Variables 281

Configuration File Variables 282

Codes and Messages 285

Messages Without Codes 285

Messages With Codes 286

Parser 286

Keyrings 287

Wipe 288

Encrypt 289

Sign 289

Decrypt 289

Speed Test 290

Key edit 290

Keyserver 296

Key Reconstruction 297

Licensing 298

PGP Universal Server 300

General 300

Exit Codes 309

Frequently Asked Questions 311

Key Used for Encryption 311

"Invalid" Keys 311

Maximum File Size 313

Programming and Scripting Languages 313

File Redirection 314

Protecting Passphrases 314

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PGP® Command Line 10.1 Contents

Searching for Data on a PGP KMS 317

Overview 317

Keyword Listing 318

Example Searches 320

More About Types 320

Time Fields 320

Boolean Values 321

Open PGP Algorithms 321

Open PGP Key Usage Flags 321

Key Modes 322

Index

323

1

This chapter describes some important PGP Command Line concepts and gives

you a high-level overview of the things you need to do to set up and use PGP

Command Line.

In This Chapter

Important Concepts....................................................................................1

Getting Started ...........................................................................................2

Important Concepts

The following concepts are important for you to understand:

 PGP Command Line: A software product from PGP Corporation that

automates the processes of encrypting/signing, decrypting/verifying, and

file wiping; it provides a command-line interface to PGP technology.

 command-line interface: An interface where you type commands at a

command prompt. PGP Command Line uses a command-line interface.

 keyboard input: PGP Command Line was designed so that all relevant

information can be entered at the command line, thus requiring no further

input from the keyboard to implement the commands.

 scripting: PGP Command Line commands can be easily inserted into

scripts to be used for automating tasks. For example, if your company

regularly copies a large database to an off-site backup and then stores it

there, PGP Command Line commands can be added to the script that does

this so that the database is encrypted before it is transmitted to the off-site

location and then decrypted when it arrives. PGP Command Line

commands are easily added to shell scripts or scripts written with scripting

languages (such as Perl or Python, for example).

 environment variables: Environment variables control various aspects of

PGP Command Line behavior; for example, the location of the PGP

Command Line home directory. Environment variables are established on

the computer running PGP Command Line.

1

PGP Command Line Basics

2

PGP® Command Line 10.1 PGP Command Line Basics

 configuration file variables: When PGP Command Line starts, it reads the

configuration file, which includes special configuration variables and values

for each variable. These settings affect how PGP Command Line operates.

Configuration file variables can be changed permanently by editing the

configuration file or overridden on a temporary basis by specifying a value

for a configuration file variable on the command line.

 Self-Decrypting Archives (SDAs): PGP Command Line lets you create

SDAs, compressed and conventionally encrypted archives that require a

passphrase to decrypt. SDAs contain an executable for the target platform,

which means the recipient of an SDA does not need to have any PGP

software installed to open the archive. You can thus securely transfer data

to recipients with no PGP software installed. You will have to communicate

the passphrase of the SDA to the recipient, however.

 Additional Decryption Key (ADK): PGP Command Line supports the use

of an ADK, which is an additional key to which files or messages are

encrypted, thus allowing the keeper of the ADK to retrieve data or

messages as well as the intended recipient. Use of an ADK ensures that

your corporation has access to all its proprietary information even if

employee keys are lost or become unavailable.

 PGP Zip archives: The PGP Zip feature lets you encrypt/sign groups of

files or entire directories into a single compressed archive file. The archive

format is tar and the supported compression formats are Zip, BZip2, and

Zlib.

Getting Started

Now that you know a little bit about PGP Command Line, let’s go deeper into

what you need to do to get started using it:

1 Install PGP Command Line. Specific instructions for installing PGP

Command Line on the supported platforms are in Installation.

2 License the software. PGP Command Line functionality is extremely

limited until you license the software. Refer to Licensing for more

information.

3 Create your default key pair. Most PGP Command Line operations

require a key pair (a private key and a public key). Refer to Creating Your

Keypair for more information.

4 Protect your private key. Because your private key can decrypt your

protected data, it is important that you protect it. Do not write down or tell

someone the passphrase. It is a good idea to keep your private key on a

machine that only you can access, and in a directory that is not accessible

from the network. Also, you should make a backup of the private key and

store it in a secure location. Refer to Protecting Your Private Key for more

information.

3

PGP® Command Line 10.1 PGP Command Line Basics

5 Exchange public keys with others. In order to encrypt data to someone

you need their public key; and they need yours to encrypt data to you.

Refer to Getting the Public Keys of Others for more information about how

to obtain public keys.

6 Verify the public keys you get from the keyserver. Once you have a

copy of someone’s public key, you add it to your public keyring. When you

get someone’s public key, you should make sure that it has not been

tampered with and that it really belongs to the purported owner. You do

this by comparing the unique fingerprint on your copy of someone’s public

key to the fingerprint on that person’s original key. For more information

about validity and trust, refer to An Introduction to Cryptography (it was put

onto your computer during installation). For instructions how to verify

someone’s public key, see --fingerprint (page

80).

7 Start securing your data. After you have generated your key pair and

have obtained public keys, you can begin encrypting, signing, decrypting,

and verifying your data.

5

This chapter lists the system requirements for, and tells you how to install PGP

Command Line onto, the supported platforms: AIX, HP-UX, Mac OS X, Linux,

Solaris, and Windows. It also includes uninstall instructions.

In This Chapter

Overview ................................................................................................... 5

System Requirements............................................................................... 6

Installing on AIX....................................................................................... 11

Installing on HP-UX.................................................................................. 13

Installing on Mac OS X ............................................................................ 16

Installing on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SLES, or Fedora Core................ 17

Installing on Solaris.................................................................................. 20

Installing on Windows ............................................................................. 22

Overview

PGP Command Line can be installed on these platforms:

 Windows 7 (32- and 64-bit), Windows Server 2008, Windows Vista (32- and

64-bit) SP2, Windows Server 2003 (32- and 64-bit) SP2, Windows XP (32-

and 64-bit) SP3, Windows 2000 SP4

 HP-UX 11i and above (PA-RISC and Itanium)

 IBM AIX 5.3 and 6.1

 RedHat Enterprise Linux 5.0 (x86 and x86_64)

 SLES (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 SP4 and 10 SP2 (x86)

 Fedora Core 6 (x86_64 only)

 Sun Solaris 9 (SPARC) and Solaris 10 (SPARC, x86, and x86_64)

 Apple Mac OS X 10.5.x and 10.6.x (Intel-based systems only)

PGP Command Line uses a specific directory for the application data such as

the configuration file, and a specific directory (called the home directory) for the

files it creates, such as keyring files.

2

Installation

6

PGP® Command Line 10.1 Installation

On any UNIX system, the application data and the home directory are identical

and they are configured through the $HOME environment variable. For more

information, refer to the installation instructions for the specific UNIX platform.

On Windows, the application data directory is used to store data such as the

configuration file PGPprefs.xml. The home directory is called “My

Documents” and is used to store keys. These two directories can be named

differently, depending on the specific version on Windows. For more

information, see To Install on Windows (on page

22).

Note: You can also use the --home-dir option on the command line to

specify a different home directory. Using this option affects only the

command it is used in and does not change the PGP_HOME_DIR

environment variable.

Using --home-dir on the command line overrides the current setting of

the PGP_HOME_DIR environment variable.

System Requirements

In general, system requirements for PGP Command Line are the same as the

system requirements for the host operating system.

In addition to the hard drive space required by the base operating system, PGP

Command Line requires additional space for both the data on which

cryptographic operations (such as encryption, decryption, signing, and verifying)

will be applied and temporary files created in the process of performing those

operations.

For a given file being encrypted or decrypted, PGP Command Line can require

several times the size of the original file in free hard drive space (depending on

how much the file was compressed), enough to hold both the original file or

files and the final file resulting from the encryption or decryption operation.

In cases where PGP Zip functionality is used on a file, PGP Command Line may

also require several times the size of the original file or files in free hard drive

space, enough to hold the original file, a temporary file created when handling

the archive, and the final file resulting from the encryption or decryption

operation. Make sure you have adequate free hard drive space on your system

before using PGP Command Line.

Windows 7 and Vista

Component Requirement

Computer and

processor

PC with 1 GHz 32-bit (x86) processor

Memory 1 gigabyte (GB) of RAM or higher recommended (64 MB

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PGP Command Line 10.1 User guide

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