Autodesk 3ds Max 8 User guide

Category
Graphics software
Type
User guide
AUTODESK
®
3DS MAX
®
8
Reference Guide
Volume III
Date:
09.09.05
Autodesk Part No.:
12811-050000-5000A
Colors: Black
K
Description:
3dsMax8_TutGd_BW_Mcvr.ai
Dimensions:
7" x 9" or
177.8mm x 228.6mm
front only
Copyright © 2005 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved.
This publication, or parts thereof, may not be repr odu ced in any form, by any method, for any purpose.
AUTODESK, INC., MAKES NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE MATERIALS, AND MAKES
SUCH MATERIALS AVAILABLE SOLELY ON AN "AS-IS" BASIS.
IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTODESK, INC., BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR SPECIAL, COLLATERAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGESINCONNECTIONWITHORARISINGOUTOFPURCHASEORUSEOFTHESEMATERIALS.THESOLEANDEXCLUSIVE
LIABILITY TO AUTODESK, INC., REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE
MATERIALS DESCRIBED HEREIN.
Autodesk, Inc., reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it sees fit. This publication describes the state of this product at the time of its
publication, and may not reflect the product at all times in the future.
Autodesk Trademarks
The following are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and other countries: 3D Studio, 3D Studio MAX, 3D Studio VIZ, 3ds Max,
ActiveShapes, Actrix, ADI, AEC-X, ATC, AUGI, Au t oCAD, AutoCAD LT, Autodesk, Autodesk Envision, Autodesk Inven tor, Autodesk Map, Autodesk
MapGuide, Autodesk Streamline, Autodesk WalkThrough, Autodesk World, AutoLISP, AutoSketch, Backdraft, Biped, Bringing information down to
earth, Buzzsaw, CAD Overlay, Character Studio, Cinepak, Cinepak (logo), Civil 3D, Cleaner, Codec Central, Combustion, Design Your World, Design
Your World (logo), EditDV, Education by Design, Gmax, Heidi, HOOPS, Hyperwire, i-drop, IntroDV, Lustre, Mechanical Desktop, ObjectARX,
Physique,PoweredwithAutodeskTechnology(logo),ProjectPoint,RadioRay,Reactor,Revit,VISION*,Visual,VisualConstruction,VisualDrainage,
V isual Hydro, Visual Landscape, Visual Roads, Visual Survey, Visual Toolbox, Visual Tugboat, Visual LISP, Volo , WHIP!, and WHIP! (logo).
The following are trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and other countries: AutoCAD Learning Assistance, A utoCAD Simulator, A utoCAD
SQL Extension, AutoCAD SQL Interface, AutoSnap, AutoTrack, Built with ObjectARX (logo), Burn, Buzzsaw.com, CAiCE, Cinestream, Cleaner
Central,ClearScale,ColourWarper,ContentExplorer,DancingBaby(image),DesignCenter,DesignDoctor,DesignersToolkit,DesignKids,
DesignProf, DesignServer, Design Web Format, DWF, DWFit, DWG Linking, DXF, Extending the Design Team, GDX Driver, Gmax (logo), Gmax
ready(logo),Heads-upDesign,Incinerator,jobnet,ObjectDBX,Plasma,PolarSnap,Productstream,Real-timeRoto,RenderQueue,Topobase,
Toxik, Visual Bridge, and Visual Syllabus.
Autodesk Canada Co. Trademark s
The following are registered tr ademarks of Autodesk Canada Co. in the USA and/or Canada and other countries: Discreet, Fire, Flame, Flint, Flint
RT,Frost,Glass,Inferno,MountStone,Riot,River,Smoke,Sparks,Stone,Stream,Vapour,Wire.
The following are trademarks of Autodesk Canada Co., in the USA, Canada, and/or other countries: Backburner, Multi-Master E diting.
Third-Part y Trademark s
All other brand names, product names or trademarks belong to their respective holders.
Third-Par ty Software Program Credits
© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
ACIS © 1989–2005, Spatial Corp.
AddFlow Copyri ght © 1997–2005 Lassalle Technologies.
Certain patents licensed from Viewpoint Corporation.
clothfx is a trademark of Size8 Software, Inc.
OpenEXR Bitmap I/O Plugin © 2003–2005 SplutterFish, LLC
OpenEXR © 2003 Industrial Light and Magic a division of Lucas Digital Ltd. LLC
Po rtions Copyrighted © 2000-2005 Joseph Alter, Inc.
Licensing Technolog y Copyr ight © Macrovision Corp. 1996–2005.
Portions Copyrighted © 1989–2005 mental images GmbH & Co. KG Berlin, Germany.
Portions Copyrighted © 2000–2005 Telekinesys Research Limited.
Portions Copyrighted © 2005 Blur Studio, Inc.
Portions Copyrighted © 2005 Intel Corporation.
Po rtions developed by Digimation, Inc. for the exclusive use of Autodesk, Inc.
Portions developed by L yric Media, Inc. for the exclusive use of Autodesk, Inc.
Portions of this sof t ware are based on the copyrighted work of the Independent JPEG Group.
JSR-184 Exporter Copyright (c) 2004 Digital Element, Inc.
QuickTime © 1992–2005, Apple Computer, Inc.
REALVIZCopyright©2005REALVIZS.A.Allrightsreserved.
ZLib © 1995–2003 Jean-loup Gaily and Mark Adler
This product includes Radiance software (h
ttp://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance) developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
(h
ttp://www.lbl.gov). Copyright © 1990–2005 The Regents of the University of California, through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. All
rights reserved.
Wise Installation System for Windows Installer © 2004 Wise Solutions, Inc. All rig hts reserved.
GOV ERNM ENT US E
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in FAR 12.212 (Commercial Computer Software-Restricted
Rights) and DFAR 227.7202 (Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software), as applicable.
toc
17 Render ing... .................. .................. .............. 1
Rendering .................................................................... 1
Render Scene Dialog .................................................. 2
Rendered Frame Window ................................... ........ 5
Render Output File Dialog .......................................... 8
Rendering Commands ........................................... 11
Rendering Commands .............................................. 11
Render Scene ............................................................ 11
Render Type .............................................................. 13
Render Bounding Box/Selected Dialog ........ ............ 16
Quick Render Flyout ................................................. 16
Quick Render (Production) ..................................... 16
Quick Render (ActiveShade) .................................... 17
ActiveShade ......................................... ...................... 17
ActiveShade Floater................................................... 20
ActiveShade Viewport............................................... 20
ActiveShade Commands (Quad Menu).................... 21
Preset Rendering Options ......... ................................ 23
Show Last Rendering....................... .......................... 24
Render Last ...................................................... ......... 24
Print Size Wizard................ ....................................... 24
Common Rendering Parameters........................... 27
Common Panel (Render Scene Dialog).................... 27
Common Parameters Rollout (Render Scene
Dialog) .................................................................. .. 27
Configure Preset Dialog ............................................ 32
Email Notifications Rollout....................................... 33
Scripts Rollout (Render Scene Dialog) ..................... 33
Assign Renderer Rollout .... ................................. ...... 34
Choose Renderer Dialog ........................................... 35
Renderers................................................................ 35
Renderer Panel (Render Scene Dialog)......... ............ 35
Default Scanline Renderer ..................................... 37
Default Scanline Renderer Rollout............................ 37
Advanced Lighting with the S canline Renderer .. . 43
Advanced Lighting Panel ................. ......................... 43
Light Tracer ............................................................. 43
Light Tracer ................................... ............................ 43
Radiosity ................................................................. 50
Modeling Global Illumination with Radiosity.......... 50
How Radiosity Works in 3ds Max............................. 55
Radiosity Workflows ................................................. 56
Animation with Radiosity....................................... .. 59
Radiosity Controls..................................................... 60
Radiosity Rollouts .................................................. 63
Radiosity Processing Parameters Rollout ................. 63
Radiosity Meshing Parameters Rollout..................... 66
Light Painting Rollout (Radiosity)............................ 69
Rendering Parameters Rollout (Radiosity)... ............ 70
Statistics Rollout (Radiosit y) .................................... 74
Lighting Analysis.................................................... 75
Lighting Analysis....................................................... 75
Lighting Analysis Dialog ............................ ............... 75
Multi-Pass R endering Effects ................................. 76
Using Multi-Pass Rendering Effects.................. ........ 76
mental ray 3.4 R enderer......................................... 77
mental ray Renderer.................................................. 77
Rendering with the mental ray Renderer.................. 78
Getting Good Results with mental ray Rendering.... 80
3ds Max Materials in mental ray Renderings............ 82
Enhancements to Standard Features......................... 84
Processing Panel (mental ray Renderer).... ............... 85
mental ray Messages Window................................... 86
mental ray Concepts............................................... 87
mental ray Concepts.................................................. 87
Ray-Tr aced Reflections and Refrac tions with
the mental ray Renderer ......... .............................. .. 87
Shadows with the mental ray Renderer..................... 88
Contents
iv Contents
Motion Blur with the mental ray Renderer............... 88
Depth of Field with the mental ray Renderer............ 89
Caustic Lighting Effects............................................. 91
Global Illumination with the mental ray Renderer... 92
mental ray Volume Shading ...................................... 93
mental ray Displacement........................................... 95
mental ray Contour Shading ..................................... 95
mental ray R enderer Rollouts................................ 97
Sampling Quality Rollout (mental ray Renderer)..... 97
Camera Effects Rollout (mental ray Renderer)....... 100
Caustics and Global Illumination Rollout
(mental ray Renderer) ............................ .............. 104
Final Gather Rollout (mental ray Renderer)........... 109
Shadows and Displacement Rollout (mental ray
Renderer).............................................................. 111
Rendering Algorithms Rollout (mental ray
Renderer).............................................................. 113
Translator Options Rollout (mental ray
Renderer).............................................................. 115
Diagnostics Rollout (mental ray Renderer)............ 120
Distributed Bucket Rendering Rollout (mental
ray Renderer)............................. ........................... 121
Add/Edit DBR Host Dialog........................... .......... 124
Ray-Trace Acceleration Parameters .................... 125
Ray-Trace Ac celeration: Parameters for the BSP
Methods ................................................................ 125
Ray-Trace Acceleration: Parameters f or the
Grid Method......................................................... 125
VUE File Renderer................................................. 126
VUE File Renderer .................................................. 126
Rendering Elements Separately.......................... 126
Render Elements Panel and Rollout........................ 126
Render Elements Dialog.......................................... 133
Render Element Output File Dialog........................ 133
Blend Element Parameters Rollout ......................... 136
Hair a nd Fur Render Element................................. 136
Lighting Texture Element Rollout........................... 136
Matte Texture Element Rollout ............................... 137
Velocity Element Parameters Rollout...................... 137
Z Element Parameters Rollout ................................ 139
Diffuse Texture Element Rollout..... ........................ 139
Rendering to Textures.......................................... 139
Render to Texture.................. .............................. .... 139
Baked Texture Elements .......................................... 142
Target Map Slot Assignments.................................. 145
Creating and Using Normal Bump Maps ............... 146
Troubleshooting Normal Bump Maps.................... 147
Render to Textures Dialog ................................... 151
Render to Texture Dialog .............................. .......... 151
Render to Texture: General Settings Rollout .......... 152
Render to Texture: Objects to Bake Rollout............ 153
Render to Texture: Output Rollout......................... 155
Render to Texture: Baked Material Rollout ......... ... 157
Render to Texture: Automatic Mapping Rollout .... 158
Render to Texture: Add Texture Elements Dialog .. 160
Render to Texture: Projection Options Dialog....... 160
Preview Renderings ............................................. 163
Preview Renderings............................. .................... 163
Make Preview .......................................................... 163
Make Preview Dialog............................................... 164
View Preview ........................................................... 165
Rename Preview ............................ .......................... 165
Panorama Expor ter .............................................. 166
Panorama E xporter Utility...................................... 166
Panorama E xporter Render Setup Dialog .............. 166
Panorama Exporter Viewer..................................... 168
Network Rendering .............................................. 169
Introduction to Network Rendering.......... ............. 169
Basic Procedures for Network Rendering............... 170
How Network Rendering Works....................... ...... 173
Starting Network Rendering ................................... 175
Troubleshooting Guide ........................................... 177
System Setup ........................................................ 180
Setting Up for Network Rendering ......................... 180
Software Setup ..................................................... 180
Setting Up Rendering Software............................... 180
Setting Up Directories............................................. 181
Sharing a Directory ............................. .................... 182
Mounting a Directory .......................................... ... 182
Using Configure User Paths .................................... 183
Network Job Assignment..................................... 184
Network Job Assignment Dialog............................. 184
Job Dependencies Dialog ........................................ 190
Notifications Dialog ................................... ............. 190
Strips Setup Dialog.................................................. 191
Advanced Settings Dialog ................ ....................... 193
Queue Monitor...................................................... 195
Job Settings Dialog .................................................. 195
Batch Rendering................................................... 198
Batch Rendering with Backburner.......................... 198
Quick Start Batch Rendering .................................. 198
Using Backburner for Batch Rendering ........ .......... 199
Batch Rendering - Batch Render Dialog ................. 200
Batch Render Tool - Batch Render Warning
Dialog.. ........................................... ....................... 205
Command-Line Rendering................................... 206
Command-Line Rendering..................................... 206
Command-Line Rendering Switches...................... 208
Contents v
Backburner Command Line Control...................... 212
18 Effects and Environments .......................213
Effects and Environments ....................................... 213
Environment and Effects Dialog..... ........................ 213
Rendering Effects ................................................. 214
Introduction to Rendering Effects ............ .............. 214
Rendering Effects Command........................ .......... 214
Effects Panel and Rollout......................................... 215
Merging Effects ............... .............................. .......... 216
Hair a nd Fur Render Effect ..................................... 216
Lens Effects Render ing Effects ............................ 219
Lens Effects Rendering Effects ................................ 219
Glow Lens Effect...................................................... 222
Ring Lens Effect....................................................... 226
Ray Lens Effect ........................................................ 230
Auto Secondary Lens Effect .................................... 234
Manual Secondary Lens Effect................................ 238
Star Lens Effect ........................................................ 242
Streak Lens Effect .................................................... 246
Lens Effects Dialogs.............................................. 250
Circular Falloff Graph (Lens Effects)...................... 250
Radial Density Dialog (Lens Effects) ...................... 252
Radial Falloff Dialog (Lens Effects) ........................ 253
Radial Size Dialog (Lens Effects) ............................ 255
Blur Rendering Effect .......................... .................... 256
Brightness and Contrast Rendering Effect ............. 261
Color Balance Rendering Effect .............................. 261
File Output Rendering Effect .................................. 262
Film Grain Rendering Effect ................................... 264
Motion Blur Rendering Effect................................. 265
Depth of Field Rendering Effect.............................. 265
Environment and Environment Effects............... 267
Environment............................................................ 267
Environment Panel.............................. .................... 268
Fire Environment Effect ............ .............................. 272
Fog Envi ronment Effect .......................................... 278
Volume Fog Environment Effect............................. 280
Volume Light Environment Effect .......................... 284
Exposure Controls ................................................ 289
Exposure Controls........................ ........................... 289
Automatic Exposure Control .............................. .... 291
Linear Exposure Control.............. ........................... 292
Logarithmic Exposure Control ............................... 293
Pseudo Color Exposure Control ............ ................. 296
Lighting Data Exporter Utility........ ........................ 299
Atmospheric Apparatus Helper Objects............. 300
Atmospheric Apparatus .......................................... 300
Add Atmosphere Dialog ......................................... 300
BoxGizmo Helper............ ........................................ 300
CylGizmo Helper..................................................... 302
SphereGizmo Helper. .............................................. 303
19 V ideo Post-Production............................307
Video Post................................................................ 307
Video Post Queue.............................................. ...... 308
Useful Video Post Procedures ........................... ...... 309
Video Post Status Bar / View Controls.................... 317
Troubleshooting Video Post.................................... 317
V ideo Post Toolbar ............................................... 319
Video Post Toolbar .................................................. 319
New Sequence .............. ........................................... 319
Open Sequence ....................................................... 319
Save Sequence ........... .............................................. 320
Edit Current Event .................................................. 320
Delete Current Event .............................................. 321
Swap Events ............................................................ 321
Execute Sequence ................................................... 321
Configure Presets ................................................. ... 323
Edit Range Bar ..................................................... ... 323
Align Selected Left .................................................. 324
Align Selected Right .............. .............................. ... 324
Make Selected Same Size ........................................ 325
Abut Selected ............................................. ............. 325
Add Scene Event ..................................................... 325
Add Image Input Event .......... ................................. 328
Add Image Filter Event ........................................... 330
Add Image Layer Event ................. .......................... 331
Add Image Output Event .................... .................... 334
Add External Event ................................................. 335
Add Loop Event ...................................................... 337
Editing Events....................................................... 338
Edit Scene Event ..................................................... 338
Edit Image Input Event............................................ 341
Image Input Options............................................... 342
Edit Filter Event............ .............................. ............. 344
Edit Layer Event................................................. ...... 345
Edit Output Image Event.................. ....................... 347
Edit External Event.................................................. 348
Edit Loop Event................................... .................... 349
Editing Filter Events ............................................. 350
Edit Contrast Filter.... .............................................. 350
Edit Fade Filter ........................................................ 351
Edit Image Alpha Filter .............................. ............. 351
Edit Negative Filter.................................................. 352
Edit Pseudo Alpha Filter.......................................... 352
Edit Simple Wipe Filter ... ........................................ 353
Edit Starfield Filter .................................................. 353
vi Contents
Editing Layer Events ............................................. 355
Edit Alpha Compositor ........................................... 355
Edit Cross Fade Compositor ................................... 355
Edit Pseudo Alpha Compositor .......... .................... 356
Edit Simple Additive Compositor....... ................ .... 356
Edit Simple Wipe Compositor ................................ 357
Adding Image Filter Events.................................. 357
Add Contrast Filter.................................... .............. 357
Add Fade Filter ........................................................ 358
Add Image Alpha Filter ......... .................................. 358
Add Lens Effects Filter............................................. 358
Add Negative Filter............. .............................. ....... 359
Add Pseudo Alpha Filter ......................................... 360
Add Simple Wipe Filter .......................... ................. 360
Add Starfield Filter .................................................. 361
Adding Image Layer Events................................. 363
Add Alpha Compositor............. .............................. 363
Add Cross Fade Compositor......................... .......... 363
Add Pseudo Alpha Compositor .............................. 363
Add Simple Additive Compositor........................... 364
Add Simple Wipe Compositor...................... .......... 364
Lens Effects Filters................................................ 365
Animating Lens Effects Properties.......................... 365
Flare Filter ............................................................. 366
Lens Effects Flare Filter ........................................... 366
Flare Preferences...................................................... 369
Flare G low Parameters ............................................ 371
Flare Ring Parameters ............................................. 371
Automatic Secondary Flare Parameters.................. 372
Manual Secondary Flare Parameters ...................... 373
Flare Ray Parameters............................................... 373
Flare St ar Parameters............................................... 374
Flare Streak Parameters........................................... 375
Flare Inferno Parameters......................................... 376
Focus Filter............................................................ 377
Lens Effects Focus Filter.......................................... 377
Glow Filter............................................................. 380
Lens Effects Glow Filter........................................... 380
Glow Properties................................................ ....... 381
Glow Preferences ..................................................... 383
Glow Inferno ........................................................... 384
Highlight Filter ...................................................... 385
Lens Effects Highl ight Filter.................................... 385
Highlight Properties................................................ 387
Highlight Geometry ................................................ 389
Highlight Preferences...................... ........................ 391
Lens Effects Gradients .......................................... 392
Lens Effects Gradients............................................. 392
Gradient Options .................................................... 394
Types of Gradients................................................... 395
Gradient Colors....................................................... 396
20 Managing Scenes and Projects............. ..397
Managing Scenes and Projects ................................ 397
File-Handling Commands .................................... 398
File-Handling Commands ...................................... 398
New.......................................................................... 399
Reset ...................... .................................................. 399
Open ........................................................................ 400
Open from Vault...................................................... 401
Open Recent ............................................................ 402
Save ..................... ........................................... .......... 402
Save As........................................... .......................... 403
Save Copy As ........................................................... 404
Save Selected.............. .............................. ................ 404
Ex ternal References (XR efs) to Objects and
Scenes................................................................. 405
Referencing Objects, Materials, and Scenes............ 405
XRef Objects................. ........................................... 406
XRef Objects Dialog ................................................ 408
XRef Files List Right-Click Menu............................ 413
XRef Entities List R ight-Click Menu....................... 415
Merge XRef File Dialog ........................................... 416
XRef Merge Dialog .................................................. 416
XRef Scene................. .............................................. 416
XRef Scenes Dialog.................................................. 420
XRef Object Rollout ............................ .................... 423
Proxy Object Rollout............................................... 423
Missing XRef Paths Dialog...................................... 424
Using File Link with AutoCAD and
Architectural Desktop Files ............................... 425
File Link Basics...................................................... 425
Working with Drawing Files ................................... 425
File Link Basics........................................................ 426
File Link Tips...... ........................................... .......... 428
Interpreting Layer Data from AutoCAD ,
Architectural Desktop, or Revit ........................... 430
Scale Synchronization ............................................. 431
File Link Manager ................................................. 431
File Link Manager Uti lity ........................................ 431
File Link Settings Di alog ......................................... 435
Basic File Link Settings............................................ 436
Advanced File Link Settings.................................... 438
Spline Rendering File Link Settings.................. ...... 441
New Settings Preset Dialog ..................................... 443
Rename Settings Preset Dialog ........ ....................... 443
Preset Editing .......................................................... 444
Contents vii
Differences Between Layers and Blocks in
AutoCAD and 3ds Max ........................................ 444
Select Layers Dialog................................................. 444
Resolve External Reference File Dia log................... 445
Select Lin ked Objects Dialog ................. ................. 446
Work ing with AutoCAD, Architectural
Desk top, and R evit Files.................................... 446
Wor k i ng w it h Auto C AD, Ar ch ite c t ur a l
Desktop, and Revit Files....................................... 446
AutoCAD Geometry in 3ds Max ........................... 447
AutoCAD Geometry in 3ds Max ............................ 447
AutoCAD Entities and Blocks in 3ds Max.............. 447
Resetting Transforms on L inked AutoCAD
Objects ................ .................................................. 448
Restrictions on Editing AutoCAD Geometry......... 449
Architectural Desktop Files in 3ds Max .............. 450
Architectural Desktop Files.................... ................. 450
Architectural Desktop Objects in 3ds Max...... ....... 450
Mater ia ls and L ink ed A rchitectural Desk top
Objects ................................................................ 451
Materials and Linked Architectural Desktop
Objects ................ .................................................. 451
Assigning Materials to Linked Architectural
Desktop Objects ....... ............................................ 452
Making Changes to Architectural Desktop
Materials ............................................................... 452
UVW Mapping in Architectural Desktop Objects.. 453
Drawings Exported from Revit in 3ds Max ......... 453
Drawings Exported from Revit. .............................. 453
Revit Elements in 3ds Max...................................... 454
Suggested Settings and Workflow...................... 457
Suggested Settings for Revit Projects ...................... 457
Suggested Workflow for Revit to 3ds Max
Projects ................................................ ................. 458
Materials and Link ed R evit Objects .................... 459
Material Translation and Linked Revit Objects ...... 459
Applying Material s to Linked Revit Objects........... 461
Editing Revit Materials in 3ds Max......................... 461
UVW Mapping on Revit Elements ......................... 462
Using Revit Materials on 3ds Max Geometry ......... 462
Instanced Objects, B locks, and Styles ................. 463
Instanced Objects, Elements, Blocks and Styles..... 463
Instanced Objects.................................................... 463
Family Elements ...................................................... 464
Blocks ...................................................................... 464
Styles........................................................................ 467
Merge....................................................................... 469
Merge Animation .................................................... 471
Replace................... ........................................... ....... 476
Saving and Loading Animation ........................... 477
Saving and Loading Animation .............................. 477
Load Animation ...................................................... 479
Save Animation .. ..................................................... 481
Map Animation Dialog ........................................... 483
Motion Mapping Parameters Rollout ..................... 484
Map Track to Track Rollout........... .......................... 486
Retargeting Rollout ................................................. 486
Impor t ..................................................................... 490
Export.................... .................................................. 491
Export Selected........................................................ 491
Asset Track ing....................................................... 492
Asset Tracking Dialog ............................................. 492
Prompts Dialog ....................................................... 499
Asset Tracking Dialog Icons.................................... 499
Archive................... .................................................. 500
Summary Info ............................................... .......... 500
File Properties.......................................................... 501
View Image File ....................................................... 503
Exit....................................... .................................... 504
Missing External Files Dialog.................................. 504
File-Handling Utilities .......................................... 505
Asset Browser Utility ............................................... 505
Bitmap/Photometric Path Editor Utility................. 511
MAX File Finder Utility ....................................... ... 511
Resource Collector Utility....................................... 513
Fix Ambient Utility........................... ....................... 513
Bitmap Pager Statistics Dia log ................................ 515
Asset Browser Subdialogs ................................... 515
Preferences Dialog (Asset Browser).................. ...... 515
Internet Download Dialog ...................................... 516
Favorite Location Dialo g......................... ................ 517
Bitmap Path Editor Subdialogs ........................... 517
Bitmap / Photometric Path Editor Dialog .............. 517
Resource Information Dialog.................................. 518
Scene States .......................................................... 519
Managing Scene States ............................................ 519
Manage Scene States Dialog .................................... 521
Internet Access ..................................................... 523
Internet Access ........................................................ 523
i-drop Indicator............................................. .......... 524
Geometry File Formats ......................................... 524
Geometry File Formats ........................................... 524
Importing Geometry.............. ................................. 525
Work ing with MAX Files from Autodesk V IZ ...... 526
Working with MAX Files from Autodesk VIZ........ 526
VIZ Render (DRF) Files.......................................... 528
VIZ Render (DRF) Files.......................................... 528
Working with DRF Files in 3ds Max ................. ...... 530
viii Contents
3D Studio Mesh (3DS, PRJ ) Files.......................... 531
Impor ting 3DS Files ......................................... ....... 531
Importing PRJ Files................................................. 532
Exporting to 3DS.............................................. ....... 533
3D Studio Shape (SHP) Files ................................ 534
Impor ting SHP Files................................................ 534
Adobe Illustrator (AI) Files................................... 534
Impor ting Adobe Illustrator 88 Files ...................... 534
Exporting to Adobe Illustrator ............................... 535
ASCII (ASC, ASE) Files ........................................... 535
Exporting to ASCII ...................... ........................... 535
AutoCAD (DWG) Files ........................................... 537
Importing AutoCAD Drawing Files ............. .......... 537
Legacy AutoCAD Import........................................ 543
Exporting to AutoCAD DWG Files......................... 545
AutoCAD Interchange (DXF) Files ....................... 547
Importing DXF Files ............................................... 547
Exporting to DXF Files .......................... ................. 552
Autodesk Inventor Files ....................................... 553
Importing Autodesk Inventor Files......................... 553
DWF Files ............................................................... 556
Exporting 3D DWF Files......................................... 556
Filmbox (FBX) Files ............................................... 559
Importing FBX Files................................................ 559
FBX Import Advanced Parameters Dialog
(Animation).............. .............................. .............. 560
FBX Import Advanced Parameters Dialog
(Bones) .......................................................... ....... 561
Exporting FBX Files ............................................ .... 562
Building a Character to Export to FBX................... 564
IGES Files ............................................................... 565
Overview of IGES in 3ds Max ................................. 565
IGES Log Files ......................................................... 566
Importing IGES Files............................................... 567
IGES to 3ds Max Import Table................................ 568
Exporting IGES Files................. .............................. 569
3ds Max to IGES Expor t Table ............................ .... 570
JSR-184 Files ......................................................... 570
Exporting JSR-184 Files .......................................... 570
JSR-184 Texture Tool................. .............................. 572
JSR-184 Object Parameters ..................................... 572
JSR-184 Log Files................... .................................. 576
JSR-184 Standalone Player...................................... 576
Lightscape Files .................................................... 577
Exporting Lightscape Files .................................. 577
Exporting Lightscape Files...................................... 577
Creating Geometry for Lightscape.......................... 578
Creating Materials for Lightscape ........................... 579
Grouping Geometry for Lightscape........................ 580
Exporting Standard Lights............................ .......... 580
Setting Units and Scale............................... ............. 581
Exporting Daylight to Lightscape .... ....................... 582
Select ing Objects to Be Exported............................ 583
Exporting Camera Views ........................................ 583
Keeping Your Original 3ds Max Materials. ............. 584
Using Relative Paths with Block and Material
Files ....................................................................... 584
Exporting Animations ............................................ 585
How 3ds Max Objects Are Converted to
Lightscape............................................................. 588
LandXML (XML, DEM) Files .................................. 590
Importing LandXML/DEM Models ....................... 590
LandXML/DEM Model Import Dialog .................. 590
Lightscape Export Dialogs ................................... 591
Export Lightscape Preparation File Dialog ........ 591
Export Lightscape Preparation File Dialog............. 591
Lightscape Preparation File General Panel ............. 592
Lightscape Preparation File Lights Panel................ 594
Lightscape Preparation File Anim ation Panel ........ 596
Lightscape Preparation File Daylight Panel ............ 597
Lightscape Preparation File Windows Panel .......... 598
Lightscape Preparation File Views Panel ................ 599
Export Lightscape V iew File Dialog .................... 600
Export Lightscape View File Dialog........ ................ 600
Lightscape View File General Panel ........................ 601
Lightscape View File Views Panel ........................... 601
Export Lightscape Block File Dialog ................... 602
Export Lightscape Block File Dialog.......... ............. 602
Lightscape Block File Gener al Panel ....................... 602
Lightscape Block File Lights Panel.......................... 605
Export Lightscape Material File Dialog .................. 607
Export Lightscape Layer File Dialog ....................... 607
Export Lightscape Parameter File Dialog ............... 608
Impor ting Lightscape Files .................................. 609
Importing Lightscape Files...................................... 609
Importing Lightscape View Files ............................ 610
Importing Lightscape Preparation Files ................. 610
Impor ting Lightscape S olution Files................... 610
Importing Lightscape Solution Files....................... 610
Lightscape Mesh Objects......................................... 613
Using Illumination Maps ........................................ 614
Helpful Hints and Troubleshooting ........................ 617
Lightscape Materials Utility .............................. ...... 618
Lightscape Import Dialogs .................................. 619
Import Lightscape Preparation Dialog ................... 619
Import Lightscape Solution Dialo g......................... 620
Error Dialog (Lightscape Import) ...... .................... 623
Motion Analysis Files (HTR/HTR2, TRC) .............. 624
Contents ix
Importing H TR/HTR2 Files ................................... 624
Importing TRC Files .................... ........................... 626
Exporting HTR/HTR2 Files......... ........................... 627
Shock wave Files ( W3D) ........................................ 628
Exporting to Shockwave 3D.................................... 628
Shockwave 3D Scene Export Options Dialog......... 629
Shockwave 3D Export Preview ............................... 633
Shockwave 3D File Analysis Window ..................... 634
Stereolithography (STL) Files .............................. 635
Importing STL Files ................................................ 635
Exporting to STL.............................................. ....... 636
Wavefront (OBJ, MTL) Files .................................. 637
Importing Wavefront (OBJ, MTL) Files.................. 637
Exporting Wavefront Object (OBJ) Files ................ 637
Exporting Wavefront Material (MTL) Files............ 639
VRML Files............................................................. 639
Importing VR ML Files............................................ 639
Exporting to VRML97 ............................................ 640
VRML97 Export..................................................... 643
VRML97 Export.............................. ........................ 643
VRML97 Tips................................................... ....... 643
Using the Polygon Counter Utility.......................... 645
VRML97 Specification ............................................ 645
VRML97 Helper Objects ....................................... 646
VRML97 Helper Objects............................... .......... 646
Anchor V R ML97 Helper......................................... 646
ProxSensor VRML97 Helper .................................. 647
NavInfo VRML97 Helper........................................ 648
Fog VRML97 Helper ....... ........................................ 649
Sound VRML97 Helper .......................................... 649
LOD VRML97 Helper ......................................... .... 651
TouchSensor VRML97 Helper..... ........................... 652
TimeSensor VRML97 Helper.................................. 653
Background VRML97 Helper... .............................. 654
AudioClip VRML97 Helper .................................... 655
Billboard VRML97 Helper...................................... 656
Inline VRML97 Helper ........................................... 657
Image File Formats ............................................... 657
Image File Formats................................. ................. 657
AVI Files................................................................... 658
BMP Files............... .................................................. 659
CIN (Kodak Cineon) Files ...................................... 659
CWS (Combustion Workspace) Files .............. ....... 660
DDS Files..................... .............................. .............. 660
EPS and PS (Encapsulated PostScript) Files........... 661
FLC Files .................................................................. 662
GIF Files................................................................... 662
HDRI Files............................................................... 663
IFL File Format ...................................................... 666
IFL Files ......................................................... .......... 666
Image File List Control Dialog ................................ 668
IFL Manager Utility.................................... ............. 668
IMSQ Files....................... ........................................ 669
JPEG Files ................................................................ 670
MOV (QuickTime Movie) Files.............................. 670
MPEG Files................ .............................. ................ 671
OpenEXR Files....................................................... 671
OpenEXR Files ........................................................ 671
Saving OpenEXR Files ............................................ 672
Opening OpenEXR Files......................................... 675
PIC Files................................................................... 677
PNG Files............ .............................. ....................... 678
PSD Files.................................................................. 678
RLA Files ................................................................. 680
RPF Files.................................................................. 681
RGB (SGI Image) Files ............................................ 683
TGA (Targa) Files .................................................... 683
TIFF Files..... ............................................ ................ 684
YUV Files ................................................................ 685
RAM Player ............................................................ 685
RAM Player ............................................................. 685
RAM Player Configuration Dialog ......... ................ 687
Schematic V iew..................................................... 688
Schematic View Window ........................................ 688
Using Schematic View............................................. 690
Schematic View Menus ........................................... 692
Schematic View List Views...................................... 694
Schematic View Preferences Dialog ........................ 695
Schematic View Toolbars ................. ....................... 699
Schematic View Display Floater.............................. 701
Schematic V iew Commands................................. 702
New Schematic View ............................................... 702
Delete Schematic View .................................. .......... 702
Delete Schematic View Dialog ................................ 702
Saved Schematic Views............................................ 702
Schematic View Selection Right-Click Menu ......... 702
Layers .................................................................... 704
Using L ayers to Organ ize a Scene ........................... 704
Layer Manager ........................................................ 706
Layer Properties Dialog.............................. ............. 711
Layer List ......... ........................................................ 715
Create New Layer ............................. ....................... 716
Add Selection to Current Layer .............................. 716
Select Objects in Current L ayer .............................. 716
Set Current Layer to Selection’s Layer .................... 716
21 User Inter face...........................................717
User Interface ....................................................... ... 717
x Contents
Additional Keyboard Commands........................... 717
Toggling Dialogs...................................................... 718
Starting 3ds Max from the Command Line............ 719
Menu B ar............................................................... 720
Menu Bar ................................................................. 720
File Menu................................................................. 721
Edit Menu ....... ......................................................... 721
Tools Menu ...................................... ........................ 722
Group Menu ............................................................ 722
Views Menu......................................................... .... 722
Create Menu ............................................................ 723
Modifiers Menu....................................................... 726
Character Menu................................................ ....... 729
Reactor Menu .......................................................... 729
Animation Menu ..................................................... 729
Graph Editors Menu.... ............................................ 730
Rendering Menu...................................................... 731
Customize Menu ..................................................... 731
MAXScript Menu................................ .................... 732
Help Menu............. ........................................... ....... 732
Toolbars................................................................. 732
3ds Max Toolbars ............................................. ....... 732
Main Toolbar ............... ............................................ 733
Axis Constraints Toolbar ............. ........................... 735
Layers Toolbar ......................................................... 735
reactor Toolbar ................ ........................................ 736
Extras Toolbar ......................................................... 736
Render Shortcuts Toolbar ....................................... 736
Snaps Toolbar .......................................................... 737
Brush Presets Toolbar.............................................. 737
Brush Preset Manager ............................................. 739
Right-Click Menu for Scripted Toolbar Buttons..... 741
Quad Menu............................................................ 741
Quad Menu.............................................................. 741
Additional Quad Menus.................. ........................ 744
Animation Quad Menu........................................... 745
Status Bar Controls ............................................... 746
Status Bar Controls.................................................. 746
Prompt Line ................................. ........................... 746
MAXScript Mini Listener ....................................... 746
Status Line .......................................... .................... 748
Time Slider .............................................................. 748
Track Bar ................................................................. 750
Selection Lock Toggle ............................................. 754
Coordinate Display ............... .................................. 755
Grid Setting Display ..................................... .......... 757
Time Tag .................................................................. 757
Add Time Tag Dialog .............................................. 757
Edit Time Tag Dialog .............................................. 758
Animation and Time Controls.............................. 759
Animation and Time Controls................................ 759
Auto Key Animation Mode ................................. ... 760
Set Key Animation Mode ........................................ 761
Default In/Out Tangents For New Keys ............ ...... 764
Go To Start .............................................................. 765
Previous Frame/Key ....... ........................................ 766
Play/Stop ................................................................. 766
Next Frame/Key ...................................................... 767
Go To End ..................................................... .......... 767
Current Frame (Go To Frame) ............................... 767
Key Mode ................................................................ 767
Time Configuration ................................................ 768
V iewports and V iewport Controls ...................... 772
Viewports ................................................................ 772
Viewport Right-Click Menu ................................... 774
V iewport Controls ................................................ 778
Viewport Controls................................................... 778
Controls Available in All V iewpor ts .................... 780
Zoom Extents All, Zoom Extents All Selected ....... 780
Maximize Viewport Toggle .................................... 780
Walkthr ough Controls for Perspective and
Camera V iewpor ts ............................................. 780
Pan/Truck and Walkthrough Flyout ....................... 780
Walk Through Button ............................................ 781
Perspective and Orthographic V iewport
Controls .............................................................. 781
Perspective and Orthographic Viewport
Controls ................................................................ 781
Zoom Viewport ...................................................... 782
Zoom All ................................................................. 782
Zoom Extents / Zoom Extents Selected.................. 783
Field of View Flyout .......................................... ...... 784
Field-of-View Button .............................................. 784
Zoom Region .......................................................... 785
Pan View ......... ........................................... ............. 786
Arc Rotate Flyout... .................................................. 786
ArcRotate,ArcRotateSelected,ArcRotate
Sub-Object ........................................................... 787
Camera V iewpor t Controls .................................. 788
Camera Viewport Controls........................... .......... 788
Dolly Camera, Target, or Both ............................... 788
Perspective .............................................................. 789
Roll Camera ............................................................ 790
Tr uck Camera ......................................................... 791
Orbit/Pan Camera .................................................. 791
Light V iewport Controls....................................... 792
Light Viewport Controls ......................................... 792
Dolly Light, Target, or Both .................................... 793
Contents xi
Light Hotspot ..................... .............................. ....... 794
Roll Light ................................................................ 796
Light Falloff ............................................................. 796
Truck Light ............................................................. 797
Orbit/Pan Light ...................................................... 798
Command Panels.................................................. 799
Command Panel........................ .............................. 799
Object Name and Wireframe Color........................ 800
Create Panel .......................................................... 800
Create Panel ............................................................ 800
Modify Panel ......................................................... 801
Modify Panel .......................................................... 801
Modifier Stack Controls................................... ....... 802
Modifier Stack Right-Click Menu........................... 809
Make Unique .......................................................... 812
Modifier Sets Menu ............................ .................... 814
Configure Modifier Sets Dialog ............................. 815
Hierarchy Panel..................................................... 816
Hierarchy Panel ...................................................... 816
Motion Panel ......................................................... 817
Motion Panel . ........................................... .............. 817
Assign Controller Rollout ....................................... 817
Display Panel ........................................................ 818
Display Panel ........... ............................................... 818
Display Floater....... .................................................. 818
Utilities Panel ........................................................ 821
Utilities Panel .......................................................... 821
Utilities Dialog......................................................... 822
Configure Button Sets Dialog ................................. 822
MAXScr ipt Inter face ............................................. 823
MAXScript Menu................................ .................... 823
New Script ............................................................... 824
Open Script ..................... .............................. .......... 824
Run Script................................................................ 824
MAXScript Listener ............................... ................. 824
Macro Recorder........ ............................................... 825
Visual MAXScript Utility (See MAXScript
Reference)........................ ..................................... 826
MAXScript Debugger Di alog.... .............................. 826
Running Scripts from the Command Line ............. 826
22 Customizing the User Interface..............829
Customizing the User Interface........................ ....... 829
Customize Display Ri ght-Click Menu .................... 831
Show UI ................................................................... 832
Lock UI Layout........................................................ 832
Plug-In Manager ................................................. .... 832
Custom UI and Defaults Switcher.......... ................. 833
Market-Specific Defaults.... ..................................... 834
COM/DCOM Server Control Utility...................... 835
Customize User Interface Dialog ......................... 836
Customize User Interface Dialog ............................ 836
Keyboard Panel ....................................... ................ 837
Toolbars Panel . .............................. .......................... 838
Quads Panel.................. ........................................... 839
Menus Panel ............................................................ 842
Colors Panel............................... .............................. 843
Advanced Quad Menu Options .............................. 845
Edit Button Appearance Dialog .............................. 847
Saving and Loading Custom User Inter faces...... 848
Saving and Loading Custom User Interfaces.......... 848
Load Custom UI Scheme ........................................ 849
Save Custom UI Scheme ..... .................................... 850
Revert to Startup Layout ......................................... 851
Configure Paths .................................................... 852
Configure Paths....................................................... 852
Configure User Paths. .............................................. 852
Configure System Paths................. .......................... 854
External Path Configuration...................... ............. 855
File I/O Path Configuration ................................. ... 856
XRefs Path Configuration ....................................... 857
Plug-Ins Path Configuration................................... 857
Network Plug-In Configuration.............................. 858
Preferences ........................................................... 859
Preferences............................................................... 859
General Preferences................................................. 859
Rendering Preferences................................ ............. 863
Inverse Kinematics Preferences..................... .......... 865
Radiosity Preferences .............................................. 866
mental ray Preferences ............................................ 867
Animation Preferences............................................ 868
File Preferences........................................................ 870
Gamma and LUT Preferences ................................. 873
Viewport Preferences .............................................. 874
Gizmos Preferences ................................................. 877
MAXScript Preferences........................................... 879
Graphics Driver Setup .......................................... 881
Graphics Driver Setup Dialog ................................. 881
Configure Driver ....................... .............................. 883
Configure Software Display Driver D ialog ............. 884
Configure OpenGL Dialog.................. .................... 884
Direct3D Driver Setup D ialog................. ................ 887
Configure Direct3D Dialog.................................. ... 888
MIDI Time Slider Control Setup ........................... 890
MIDI Time Slider Control Setup Dialog.... ............. 890
Units Setup............................................................ 891
Units Setup Dialog .................................................. 891
System Unit Setup Dialog........................................ 893
xii Contents
File Load: Units Mismatch Dialog .......................... 895
V iewport Configuration....................................... 896
Viewport Configuration..... ..................................... 896
Viewport Configuration Dialog.............................. 896
Rendering Method .................................................. 896
Viewport Layout...................................................... 899
Safe Frames............ ........................................... ....... 899
Adaptive Degradation Options................. .............. 901
Regions ........................ ............................................ 902
Entering Commands by Using Mouse Strokes ... 903
Strokes ..................................................................... 903
Defining Strokes...................................................... 905
Reviewing and Editing Strokes ............................... 907
Stroke Preferences Dialog ................... .................... 908
Strokes Utility.......................................................... 909
23 Default Keyboard Shortcuts ...................911
Default Keyboard Shortcuts.................................... 911
Keyboard Shortcut Override Toggle ...................... 912
ActiveShade Shortcuts............................................. 913
Biped Shortcuts ....................................................... 913
Biped Curve Editing Shortcuts ........... .................... 915
Cloth Shortcuts........................................................ 915
Crowd Shortcuts...................................................... 916
Edit Normals Shortcuts........................................... 916
Edit Poly Shortcuts................ .................................. 917
Edit/Editable Mesh Shortcuts ................................. 918
Edit/Editable Patch Shortcuts ................................. 919
Edit/Editable Spline Shortcuts ................................ 920
Editable Poly Shortcuts ........................................... 920
Free-Form D eformation (FFD) Shor tcuts.............. 921
Garment Maker Shortcuts....................................... 922
Main User Interface Shortcuts .................. .............. 922
Material Editor Shortcuts........................................ 946
NURBS Shortcuts............................ ........................ 947
Object Display Culling Shortcuts............................ 949
Particle Flow Shortcuts............................................ 949
Physique Shortcuts....................... ........................... 950
Reaction Manager Shortcuts................................... 950
Schematic View Shortcuts....................................... 951
Track View Shortcuts .............................................. 952
Unwrap UVW Shortcuts......................................... 954
Video Post Shortcuts ........................................ ....... 961
Walkthrough Navigation Shortcuts ........................ 962
Weight Table Shortcuts............................................ 962
A Using the Reference Online .................... 965
B Troubleshooting 3ds Max .......................977
Glossary.................................................... 995
Index ..... .......................... ........................1133
Rendering "fills in" geometry with color, shadow, lighting
effects, and so on.
Rendering shades the scene’s geometry using the
lighting you ’ve set up, the materials youve applied,
and environment settings, such as background
and atmosphere. You use the
Render Scene dialog
(page 3–2)
to create renderings and save them to
files. Renderings are also displayed on the screen,
in a
rendered fr ame window (page 3–5)
.
Tip: When you render a very large image, you might
get a message that says “Error Creating Bitmap,
or that says you are out of RAM. If this happens,
turn on the Bitmap Pager. You turn on the Bitmap
Pager in
Rendering Preferences (page 3–863)
.The
Bitmap Pager prevents a rendering from hanging
because of overuse of memory. On the other hand ,
it slows down the rendering process.
Environments and R endering Effects
A variety of specia l effects, such as film g rain,
depth of field, and lens simulations, are a vailable
as rendering effects. Another set of effects, such as
fog, are provided as environment effects.
Environment settings (page 3–268)
let you choose
a background color or image, or choose an
ambient color value for when you render without
using radiosity. One category of environment
settings is the
exposure controls (page 3–289)
,
which adjust light levels for display on a monitor.
Rendering effects (page 3 –214)
provide a way for
youtoaddblurorfilmgraintoarendering,orto
adjust its color balance.
See also
Rendering Commands (page 3–11)
ActiveShade (page 3–17)
Preview Renderings (page 3–163)
Introduction to Network Rendering (page 3–169)
Introduction to Rendering Effects (p age 3–214)
Environment (page 3–267)
Rendering
2 Chapter 17: Rendering
Obj ect-Lev el R en derin g Con tr ol s
Yo u c a n c o n t r o l r e n d e r i n g b e h a v i o r at t h e o b j e c t
level. See
Object Properties (page 1–111)
and
Object Properties Dialog (page 1–111)
.
R end er S cen e D ia lo g
Rendering menu > Render
Main toolbar > Render Scene button
Rendering creates a 2D image or animation based
on your 3D scene. It shades the scene’s geometry
using the lig hting you’ve set up, the materials
you’ve applied, and environment settings such as
background and atmosphere.
The Render scene dialog has multiple panels.
The number and name of the panels can change,
depending on the active renderer. These panels
are always present:
Common panel (page 3–27)
Contains the main controls for any renderer,
suchaswhethertorenderastillimageoran
animation, setting the resolution of rendered
output, and so on.
Renderer panel (page 3–35)
Contains the main controls for the current
renderer .
Render Elements panel (page 3–126)
Contains the controls for rendering various
image information into individual image
files. This can be usef ul when you work
w ith compositing, image-processing, or
special-effects software.
AtthebottomoftheRenderScenedialog
are controls that, like those in the
Common
Par ameters rollout (page 3–27)
,applytoall
renderers. These are descr ibed in this topic’s
“Interface section, below.
Tip: When you render a very large image, you might
get a message that says “Er ror Creating Bitmap,
or that says y ou are out of RAM. If this happens,
turn on the Bitmap Pager. You turn on the Bitmap
Pager in
Rendering Preferences (page 3–863)
.The
Bitmap Pager prevents a rendering from hanging
because of overuse of memory. On the other hand,
it slows down the rendering process.
Choice of a R ender er
Three renderers are provided with 3ds Max.
Additional renderers might be available as
third-par ty plug-in components. The renderers
provided with 3ds Max are:
Default scanline renderer (page 3–37)
Thescanlinerendererisactivebydefault.It
renders the scene in a series of horizontal lines.
Global illumination options available for the
scanline renderer include
light tracing (page
3–43)
and
radiosity (p age 3–50)
.
Thescanlinerenderercanalso
render to
textures (page 3–139)
(“bake textures), w hich
is especially useful when preparing scenes for
game engines.
mental r ay renderer (page 3–77)
The mental ray renderer created by mental
images is also available. It renders the scene in a
series of square “buckets.
The mental ray renderer provides its own
method of global illumination, and can also
generate caustic lighting effects.
In the Material Editor, a variety of
ment al ray
shaders (p age 2–1520)
provide effects that only
the mental ray renderer can display.
VUE file renderer (page 3–126)
The VUE file renderer is a special-purpose
renderer that generates an ASCII text
description of the scene. A view file can include
Render Scene Dialog 3
multiple frames, and specify transforms,
lighting, and changes of view.
Pr oduction a nd Activ eSha de R ender ers
In 3ds Max, there are two different types of
renderings. One, called “Product ion rendering, is
active by default, and is typically the one you use
for finished renderings. Production renderings
can use any of the three aforementioned renderers.
The second type of rendering is cal led
ActiveShade
(page 3–17)
. An ActiveShade rendering uses
the default scanline renderer to create a preview
rendering that can help you see the effects of
changing lighting or materials; the rendering
interactively updates as you change your scene.
ActiveShade renderings are, in general, less precise
than production renderings.
Another advantage of production renderings is
that you can use different renderers, such as the
mental ray or VUE file renderer.
TochoosebetweenproductionorActiveShade
renderings, use the radio buttons descr ibed in the
“Interface section below. To change the renderer
assigned to production rendering, use the
Assign
Renderer rollout (page 3–34)
.
See also
Render Scene (page 3–11)
Pr ocedur es
To r ender a still image:
1.
Activate the viewport to render.
2. Click Render Scene.
The Render Scene dialog appears, with the
Common panel active.
3. Make sure Single is turned on in the Time
Output group of the Common Parameters
rollout.
4. In the Output Size group, set other rendering
parameters or use the defaults.
5. Click Render.
By default, the rendering appears i n a
rendered
frame window (p age 3–5)
.
Tip: To render a view without using the
dialog, click
Quick Render (page 3–16)
.
To render an animation:
1.
Activate the viewport to render.
2. Click Render Scene.
The Render Scene dia l og appears, with the
Common panel act ive.
3. Open the
Common Parameters rollout (page
3–27)
.IntheTimeOutputgroup,choosea
time range.
4. In the Output Size group, set other rendering
parameters or use the defaults.
5. In the Render Output group, click Files.
6. On the
Render Output File dialog (page 3–8)
,
specify a location, name, and a type for the
animation file, and then click Save.
Typically, a dialog appears that lets y o u
configure options for the chosen file fo rmat.
Change settings or accept the defaults, and then
click OK to continue.
TheSaveFilecheckboxturnson.
7. Click the Render button at the bottom of the
dialog.
Note: If you set a time range and do not specify
afiletosaveto,theanimationisrenderedonly
tothewindow.Thiscanbeatime-consuming
mistake, so an alert warns you about it.
4 Chapter 17: Rendering
Tip:
Once you have rendered the animation
this way, you can render it again without using t he
dialog by clicking Quick Render.
Inter face
Production—Choose to use the active
production renderer. (T his is the default.)
ActiveShade—Choose to use
ActiveShade (page
3–17)
.
R end er Pres et s dr op -down li s t—Lets you choose
from among a set of preset rendering parameters,
or load or save rendering parameter settings. See
Preset Rendering Options (page 3–23)
.
ViewportChooses the viewpor t to render. By
default, this is the active viewport. You can use
this drop-down list to choose a different one. Only
currently displayed viewpor ts are available in t he
list.
Lock View—When on, locks the view to the
one shown in the Viewport list. This enables you to
adjust the scene in other viewports (which become
active as you use them), and then click Render to
render the viewport you originally chose. When
off, Render a lways renders the active v iewpor t.
Render—Renders the scene.
WhenActiveShadeischosen,thenameofthis
button changes to ActiveShade, and clicking it
opens a floating
ActiveShade window (page 3–17)
.
If the scene you’re rendering contains bitmaps that
cannot be located, a
Missing External Files dialog
(page 3–504)
appears. This dialog lets you browse
for the missing maps, or cont inue to render the
scene without loading them.
Rendering Progress dialog
When you click Render, a rendering progress
dialog shows the parameters being used, and a
progress bar. The rendering dialog has a P a use
button to the lef t of the Cancel button. When
you click Pause, the rendering pauses, and the
Rendered Frame Window 5
button’s label changes to Resume. Click Resume
to continue with the rendering.
Note: The mental ray renderer does not support
the Pause button . You can cancel a ment al ray
rendering,butyoucantpauseit.
Rendered Frame Window
Rendering menu > Render > Render Scene dialog >
Rend er > Rendered Frame Win dow appears.
File menu > V iew Image File > Choose a file to view. >
Open > Rendered Frame Window displays the file.
The rendered frame window displays rendered
output. It has controls to:
•Savetheimagetoafile.
Createacloneofthewindow. Thisdisplays
a new window so you can create another
rendering and compare it with the previous
one.
Display a new rendered frame window.
Enable or disable display of t he red, green, and
blue color channels.
•Displaythe
alpha channel (page 3–1001)
.
Display only monochrome (gray scale).
Cleartheimagefromthewindow.
3ds Max also displays still images and image
sequences in the rendered frame window when you
choose the View Image File command from the
File menu. When you view sequentially numbered
image files or images in an
IFL file (page 3–666)
,
the rendered fra me wi ndow displays navigation
arrows that let you step through the images.
Procedure
Tozoomandpanintherenderedframewindow:
You can zoom in and out and pan the image in
therenderedframewindow.Youcanevendothis
while
a scene is rendering.
•HolddownCTRLandthenclicktozoomin,
right-click to zoom out.
HolddownSHIFTandthendragtopan.
If you have a three-button mouse, you can use its
third button or its wheel to zoom and pa n:
•Rollthewheeltozoominorout.
•Pressthewheel,anddragtopan.
Note: You can use any third-button pointing
device to pan the image. To enable this, open
the Customize menu > Preferences dialog. Go
to the
View por ts panel (page 3–874)
, and in the
Mouse Control group choose the Pan/Zoom
option.
Interfa ce
Rendered Frame Window toolbar
Save Bitmap—Allows you to save the
rendered image displayed in the rendered f rame
window.
Clo n e Ren de re d Fra m e W i n d ow —Creates
another rendered frame window containing the
displayedimage.Thisallowsyoutorenderanother
image to the rendered frame w indow and compare
6 Chapter 17: Rendering
it with the previous, cloned image. You can clone
the rendered fr a me window any number of times.
Enable Red Channel—Displays the red
channel of the rendered image. When turned off,
the red channel is not displayed.
Ena ble Gr een Channel—Displays the green
channel of the rendered image. When turned off,
the green channel is not displayed.
Enable B lue Channel—Displays the blue
channel of the rendered image. When turned off,
the blue channel is not displayed.
Display Alpha Channel—Displays the
alpha
channel (page 3–1001)
.
Monochrome—Displays an 8-bit gr ayscale
of the rendered image.
Cle ar —Clears the image from the rendered
frame window.
Channel Displ ay L ist—Lists any channel rendered
with the image. When you choose a channel
from the list, it is d isplayed in the rendered frame
window.
For most kinds of files, only the RGB and alpha
channels are available. If you render an
RPF file
(page 3–681)
or
RLA file (page 3–680)
,additional
channels can be present.
The rendered frame window displays nonvisual
channels, such as Material Effects or the G-Buffer,
using colors it randomly assigns to distinc t values.
Layer—This spinner appears on the rendered
frame window toolbar w hen you render to the
RPF
(page 3–681)
or
RLA (page 3–680)
file format. It
lets you see the information at different layers of
the following channels:
•Z-buffer
•Normal
•Non-ClampedColor
•Coverage
•NodeRenderID
•Color
•Sub-PixelWeight
•Sub-PixelMask
Layer shows no additional information for other
channels. It is useful primarily when the scene
contains objects that occlude each other, and you
have turned on the Render Occluded Objects
toggle for these objects. (See
Object Propert ies
(page 1–111)
.) Be aware that rendering occluded
objects increases render time.
Tip: Rendering occluded objects can help you
create3Deffectswhenyoucompositeimageswith
the Autodesk Combustion software.
Co lor SwatchStores the color value of the last
pixel you r ight-clicked. You can drag this color
swatch to other colo r swatches in the program.
Clicking the color swatch displays the
Color
Selector (page 1–157)
,whichdisplaysmore
information about the color.
You can leave the Color Selector displayed while
you right-click over other pixels in the rendered
frame window. (Changing the current value in the
Color Selector changes the color swatch on the
rendered frame window’s toolbar, but it does not
change the color of pixels in the rendered image.)
Frame-Steps (a r rows)—For sequentially numbered
files (such as
image0005.jpg)
or IFL files, the
arrows display the next or the previous file in the
sequence. Holding down CTRL and clicking an
arrow jumps to the first image or the last image in
the s equence.
Rendered Frame Window 7
Available if the rendered f r ame window is invoked
using View File in the File menu.
Pixel Data
When you right-click the rendered frame window,
the color swatch is updated, and information about
the rendering and the pixel beneath the mouse is
displayed.
If you hold the right mouse button down while
dragging, the information changes with each new
pixel the mouse crosses.
The display includes the following information:
Image group
Width—The width of the image in pixels.
Aspect—The pixel aspect ratio.
Height—Theheightoftheimageinpixels.
Gamma—Thegammavaluecarriedinthebitmap
file.
Ty pe —Thetypeofimage,basedoncolordepth.
Forexample,64bits(RGBA)or32Bitsper
Channel Floating-Point (RGBA).
Pixel group
Pixel information includes the pixel location in the
bitmap, in parentheses following the Pixel group
heading. The counting starts at 0. For example, in
the above illustration, the pixel in question is the
308th f rom the left edge and the 141st from the top
edge. Also shown in this group are channel values
forred,green,blue,alpha,andmonochrome,both
as 16-bit integers (0 to 65535) and as floating-point
values between 0.0 and 1.0.
Note: With high-dynamic-range images, the
floating-point va lues can be greater than 1.0 or less
than 0.0.
RedThe red component value (0 to 65535) and
the floating-point value.
Green—The green component value (0 to 65535)
and the floating-point value.
BlueThe blue component value (0 to 65535) and
the floating-point value.
Alpha—The a lpha comp onent value (0 to 65535)
and the floating-point value.
MonoThe monochrome values of the pixel, using
thesameformulausedbymonochromematerial
mapchannelssuchasbumpandopacitymaps.
Extra Pixel Data (G-Buffer D ata) group
If the rendering is in a format, such as an
RPF
file (page 3–681)
or
RLA file (page 3–680)
,that
contains additional channels, the informational
pop-upshowsthisdataintheExtraPixelData
group. The g roup includes al l the possible
channels. If a channel was not saved, its value is
displayed as "N/A," for "not applicable."
ZDepthDisplays Z-Buffer information in
repeating gradients from white to black. The
gradients indicate relative depth of the object in
the scene.
Material ID—D isplays the Effects Channel used by
a material assig ned to an objects in the scene. The
Effects Channel is a material property set in the
Material Editor.
Object ID—Displays the G-Buffer Object Channel
ID assigned to objects using the
Object Properties
dialog (page 1–111)
.
8 Chapter 17: Rendering
UV Coordinates—
Displays t he range of UV
mapping coordinates.
Normal—Displays the orientation of normal
vectors.
Non-Cl amped Color—Displays the "real" color
value delivered to the renderer in RGB order. The
renderer uses a floating-point range of 0.0 to 1.0 to
represent the range of each color channel. Thus,
1.0 is 100%, or 65535 (real color values can be
greater than 1, but are clamped by the renderer to
1).
CoverageDisplays the coverage of the surface
fragment from which other G-Buffer values
(Z Depth, Normal, and so on) are obtained.
Z-Coverage values range from 0 to 255.
Node R ender I D—Displays an objec t’s G-Buffer
Object channel.
Co lorDisplays the color returned by the m aterial
shader for the fragment.
Trans parencyDisplays transparency returned by
the material shader for the fragment.
Velocity—Displays the velocit y vector of the
fragment relative to the screen.
Sub-Pixel Weight—Displays the sub-pixel weight of
a fragment. The channel contains the f ractions of
the total pixel color contributed by the fragment.
The sum of all the fragments gives the final pixel
color. The weight for a given f rag ment takes into
account the cov erage of the fragment and the
transparency of any fragments that are in front of
agivenfragment.
Sub-Pixel Mask —Displays the sub-pixel alpha
mask. This channel provides a mask of 16
bits (4x4) per pixel, used in antialiased a lpha
compositing.
Render Output File Dialog
Rendering menu > Render > Render dialog > Common
panel > Common Parameters rollout > Render Output
group > Click Files. > Render Output File
TheRenderOutputFiledialogletsyouassigna
nametothefilethattherenderingwilloutput.
You can also determine the type of file to render.
Depending on your choice of file t ype, you can
also set up options such as compression, and color
depth and quality.
See also
Image File Formats (page 3–657)
Procedures
To name the render output file:
1.
Choose Rendering > Render, and then in
theRenderOutputgroupoftheCommon
Parameters rollout, click Files.
TheRenderOutputFiledialogisdisplayed.
2. IntheFileNamefield,enterthenameforthe
file to be rendered.
3. NavigatetheSaveInfieldtochoosethe
directory where you want the rendered file to
be saved.
4. Choosethetypeoffileyouwanttorenderfrom
theSaveAsTypedrop-downlist.
5. ClickSavetoclosetheRenderOutputFile
dialog.
A dialog is displayed that lets you set the
options for the file format you chose. Adjust
thesesettings(orleavethemattheirdefaults),
and then click OK.
6. On the Render Scene dialog, click Render to
render and save the file.
Note: If a file of the same name already exists,
youwillbeaskedifyouwanttooverwrite
it. Enable the check box if you want to
  • Page 1 1
  • Page 2 2
  • Page 3 3
  • Page 4 4
  • Page 5 5
  • Page 6 6
  • Page 7 7
  • Page 8 8
  • Page 9 9
  • Page 10 10
  • Page 11 11
  • Page 12 12
  • Page 13 13
  • Page 14 14
  • Page 15 15
  • Page 16 16
  • Page 17 17
  • Page 18 18
  • Page 19 19
  • Page 20 20
  • Page 21 21
  • Page 22 22
  • Page 23 23
  • Page 24 24
  • Page 25 25
  • Page 26 26
  • Page 27 27
  • Page 28 28
  • Page 29 29
  • Page 30 30
  • Page 31 31
  • Page 32 32
  • Page 33 33
  • Page 34 34
  • Page 35 35
  • Page 36 36
  • Page 37 37
  • Page 38 38
  • Page 39 39
  • Page 40 40
  • Page 41 41
  • Page 42 42
  • Page 43 43
  • Page 44 44
  • Page 45 45
  • Page 46 46
  • Page 47 47
  • Page 48 48
  • Page 49 49
  • Page 50 50
  • Page 51 51
  • Page 52 52
  • Page 53 53
  • Page 54 54
  • Page 55 55
  • Page 56 56
  • Page 57 57
  • Page 58 58
  • Page 59 59
  • Page 60 60
  • Page 61 61
  • Page 62 62
  • Page 63 63
  • Page 64 64
  • Page 65 65
  • Page 66 66
  • Page 67 67
  • Page 68 68
  • Page 69 69
  • Page 70 70
  • Page 71 71
  • Page 72 72
  • Page 73 73
  • Page 74 74
  • Page 75 75
  • Page 76 76
  • Page 77 77
  • Page 78 78
  • Page 79 79
  • Page 80 80
  • Page 81 81
  • Page 82 82
  • Page 83 83
  • Page 84 84
  • Page 85 85
  • Page 86 86
  • Page 87 87
  • Page 88 88
  • Page 89 89
  • Page 90 90
  • Page 91 91
  • Page 92 92
  • Page 93 93
  • Page 94 94
  • Page 95 95
  • Page 96 96
  • Page 97 97
  • Page 98 98
  • Page 99 99
  • Page 100 100
  • Page 101 101
  • Page 102 102
  • Page 103 103
  • Page 104 104
  • Page 105 105
  • Page 106 106
  • Page 107 107
  • Page 108 108
  • Page 109 109
  • Page 110 110
  • Page 111 111
  • Page 112 112
  • Page 113 113
  • Page 114 114
  • Page 115 115
  • Page 116 116
  • Page 117 117
  • Page 118 118
  • Page 119 119
  • Page 120 120
  • Page 121 121
  • Page 122 122
  • Page 123 123
  • Page 124 124
  • Page 125 125
  • Page 126 126
  • Page 127 127
  • Page 128 128
  • Page 129 129
  • Page 130 130
  • Page 131 131
  • Page 132 132
  • Page 133 133
  • Page 134 134
  • Page 135 135
  • Page 136 136
  • Page 137 137
  • Page 138 138
  • Page 139 139
  • Page 140 140
  • Page 141 141
  • Page 142 142
  • Page 143 143
  • Page 144 144
  • Page 145 145
  • Page 146 146
  • Page 147 147
  • Page 148 148
  • Page 149 149
  • Page 150 150
  • Page 151 151
  • Page 152 152
  • Page 153 153
  • Page 154 154
  • Page 155 155
  • Page 156 156
  • Page 157 157
  • Page 158 158
  • Page 159 159
  • Page 160 160
  • Page 161 161
  • Page 162 162
  • Page 163 163
  • Page 164 164
  • Page 165 165
  • Page 166 166
  • Page 167 167
  • Page 168 168
  • Page 169 169
  • Page 170 170
  • Page 171 171
  • Page 172 172
  • Page 173 173
  • Page 174 174
  • Page 175 175
  • Page 176 176
  • Page 177 177
  • Page 178 178
  • Page 179 179
  • Page 180 180
  • Page 181 181
  • Page 182 182
  • Page 183 183
  • Page 184 184
  • Page 185 185
  • Page 186 186
  • Page 187 187
  • Page 188 188
  • Page 189 189
  • Page 190 190
  • Page 191 191
  • Page 192 192
  • Page 193 193
  • Page 194 194
  • Page 195 195
  • Page 196 196
  • Page 197 197
  • Page 198 198
  • Page 199 199
  • Page 200 200
  • Page 201 201
  • Page 202 202
  • Page 203 203
  • Page 204 204
  • Page 205 205
  • Page 206 206
  • Page 207 207
  • Page 208 208
  • Page 209 209
  • Page 210 210
  • Page 211 211
  • Page 212 212
  • Page 213 213
  • Page 214 214
  • Page 215 215
  • Page 216 216
  • Page 217 217
  • Page 218 218
  • Page 219 219
  • Page 220 220
  • Page 221 221
  • Page 222 222
  • Page 223 223
  • Page 224 224
  • Page 225 225
  • Page 226 226
  • Page 227 227
  • Page 228 228
  • Page 229 229
  • Page 230 230
  • Page 231 231
  • Page 232 232
  • Page 233 233
  • Page 234 234
  • Page 235 235
  • Page 236 236
  • Page 237 237
  • Page 238 238
  • Page 239 239
  • Page 240 240
  • Page 241 241
  • Page 242 242
  • Page 243 243
  • Page 244 244
  • Page 245 245
  • Page 246 246
  • Page 247 247
  • Page 248 248
  • Page 249 249
  • Page 250 250
  • Page 251 251
  • Page 252 252
  • Page 253 253
  • Page 254 254
  • Page 255 255
  • Page 256 256
  • Page 257 257
  • Page 258 258
  • Page 259 259
  • Page 260 260
  • Page 261 261
  • Page 262 262
  • Page 263 263
  • Page 264 264
  • Page 265 265
  • Page 266 266
  • Page 267 267
  • Page 268 268
  • Page 269 269
  • Page 270 270
  • Page 271 271
  • Page 272 272
  • Page 273 273
  • Page 274 274
  • Page 275 275
  • Page 276 276
  • Page 277 277
  • Page 278 278
  • Page 279 279
  • Page 280 280
  • Page 281 281
  • Page 282 282
  • Page 283 283
  • Page 284 284
  • Page 285 285
  • Page 286 286
  • Page 287 287
  • Page 288 288
  • Page 289 289
  • Page 290 290
  • Page 291 291
  • Page 292 292
  • Page 293 293
  • Page 294 294
  • Page 295 295
  • Page 296 296
  • Page 297 297
  • Page 298 298
  • Page 299 299
  • Page 300 300
  • Page 301 301
  • Page 302 302
  • Page 303 303
  • Page 304 304
  • Page 305 305
  • Page 306 306
  • Page 307 307
  • Page 308 308
  • Page 309 309
  • Page 310 310
  • Page 311 311
  • Page 312 312
  • Page 313 313
  • Page 314 314
  • Page 315 315
  • Page 316 316
  • Page 317 317
  • Page 318 318
  • Page 319 319
  • Page 320 320
  • Page 321 321
  • Page 322 322
  • Page 323 323
  • Page 324 324
  • Page 325 325
  • Page 326 326
  • Page 327 327
  • Page 328 328
  • Page 329 329
  • Page 330 330
  • Page 331 331
  • Page 332 332
  • Page 333 333
  • Page 334 334
  • Page 335 335
  • Page 336 336
  • Page 337 337
  • Page 338 338
  • Page 339 339
  • Page 340 340
  • Page 341 341
  • Page 342 342
  • Page 343 343
  • Page 344 344
  • Page 345 345
  • Page 346 346
  • Page 347 347
  • Page 348 348
  • Page 349 349
  • Page 350 350
  • Page 351 351
  • Page 352 352
  • Page 353 353
  • Page 354 354
  • Page 355 355
  • Page 356 356
  • Page 357 357
  • Page 358 358
  • Page 359 359
  • Page 360 360
  • Page 361 361
  • Page 362 362
  • Page 363 363
  • Page 364 364
  • Page 365 365
  • Page 366 366
  • Page 367 367
  • Page 368 368
  • Page 369 369
  • Page 370 370
  • Page 371 371
  • Page 372 372
  • Page 373 373
  • Page 374 374
  • Page 375 375
  • Page 376 376
  • Page 377 377
  • Page 378 378
  • Page 379 379
  • Page 380 380
  • Page 381 381
  • Page 382 382
  • Page 383 383
  • Page 384 384
  • Page 385 385
  • Page 386 386
  • Page 387 387
  • Page 388 388
  • Page 389 389
  • Page 390 390
  • Page 391 391
  • Page 392 392
  • Page 393 393
  • Page 394 394
  • Page 395 395
  • Page 396 396
  • Page 397 397
  • Page 398 398
  • Page 399 399
  • Page 400 400
  • Page 401 401
  • Page 402 402
  • Page 403 403
  • Page 404 404
  • Page 405 405
  • Page 406 406
  • Page 407 407
  • Page 408 408
  • Page 409 409
  • Page 410 410
  • Page 411 411
  • Page 412 412
  • Page 413 413
  • Page 414 414
  • Page 415 415
  • Page 416 416
  • Page 417 417
  • Page 418 418
  • Page 419 419
  • Page 420 420
  • Page 421 421
  • Page 422 422
  • Page 423 423
  • Page 424 424
  • Page 425 425
  • Page 426 426
  • Page 427 427
  • Page 428 428
  • Page 429 429
  • Page 430 430
  • Page 431 431
  • Page 432 432
  • Page 433 433
  • Page 434 434
  • Page 435 435
  • Page 436 436
  • Page 437 437
  • Page 438 438
  • Page 439 439
  • Page 440 440
  • Page 441 441
  • Page 442 442
  • Page 443 443
  • Page 444 444
  • Page 445 445
  • Page 446 446
  • Page 447 447
  • Page 448 448
  • Page 449 449
  • Page 450 450
  • Page 451 451
  • Page 452 452
  • Page 453 453
  • Page 454 454
  • Page 455 455
  • Page 456 456
  • Page 457 457
  • Page 458 458
  • Page 459 459
  • Page 460 460
  • Page 461 461
  • Page 462 462
  • Page 463 463
  • Page 464 464
  • Page 465 465
  • Page 466 466
  • Page 467 467
  • Page 468 468
  • Page 469 469
  • Page 470 470
  • Page 471 471
  • Page 472 472
  • Page 473 473
  • Page 474 474
  • Page 475 475
  • Page 476 476
  • Page 477 477
  • Page 478 478
  • Page 479 479
  • Page 480 480
  • Page 481 481
  • Page 482 482
  • Page 483 483
  • Page 484 484
  • Page 485 485
  • Page 486 486
  • Page 487 487
  • Page 488 488
  • Page 489 489
  • Page 490 490
  • Page 491 491
  • Page 492 492
  • Page 493 493
  • Page 494 494
  • Page 495 495
  • Page 496 496
  • Page 497 497
  • Page 498 498
  • Page 499 499
  • Page 500 500
  • Page 501 501
  • Page 502 502
  • Page 503 503
  • Page 504 504
  • Page 505 505
  • Page 506 506
  • Page 507 507
  • Page 508 508
  • Page 509 509
  • Page 510 510
  • Page 511 511
  • Page 512 512
  • Page 513 513
  • Page 514 514
  • Page 515 515
  • Page 516 516
  • Page 517 517
  • Page 518 518
  • Page 519 519
  • Page 520 520
  • Page 521 521
  • Page 522 522
  • Page 523 523
  • Page 524 524
  • Page 525 525
  • Page 526 526
  • Page 527 527
  • Page 528 528
  • Page 529 529
  • Page 530 530
  • Page 531 531
  • Page 532 532
  • Page 533 533
  • Page 534 534
  • Page 535 535
  • Page 536 536
  • Page 537 537
  • Page 538 538
  • Page 539 539
  • Page 540 540
  • Page 541 541
  • Page 542 542
  • Page 543 543
  • Page 544 544
  • Page 545 545
  • Page 546 546
  • Page 547 547
  • Page 548 548
  • Page 549 549
  • Page 550 550
  • Page 551 551
  • Page 552 552
  • Page 553 553
  • Page 554 554
  • Page 555 555
  • Page 556 556
  • Page 557 557
  • Page 558 558
  • Page 559 559
  • Page 560 560
  • Page 561 561
  • Page 562 562
  • Page 563 563
  • Page 564 564
  • Page 565 565
  • Page 566 566
  • Page 567 567
  • Page 568 568
  • Page 569 569
  • Page 570 570
  • Page 571 571
  • Page 572 572
  • Page 573 573
  • Page 574 574
  • Page 575 575
  • Page 576 576
  • Page 577 577
  • Page 578 578
  • Page 579 579
  • Page 580 580
  • Page 581 581
  • Page 582 582
  • Page 583 583
  • Page 584 584
  • Page 585 585
  • Page 586 586
  • Page 587 587
  • Page 588 588
  • Page 589 589
  • Page 590 590
  • Page 591 591
  • Page 592 592
  • Page 593 593
  • Page 594 594
  • Page 595 595
  • Page 596 596
  • Page 597 597
  • Page 598 598
  • Page 599 599
  • Page 600 600
  • Page 601 601
  • Page 602 602
  • Page 603 603
  • Page 604 604
  • Page 605 605
  • Page 606 606
  • Page 607 607
  • Page 608 608
  • Page 609 609
  • Page 610 610
  • Page 611 611
  • Page 612 612
  • Page 613 613
  • Page 614 614
  • Page 615 615
  • Page 616 616
  • Page 617 617
  • Page 618 618
  • Page 619 619
  • Page 620 620
  • Page 621 621
  • Page 622 622
  • Page 623 623
  • Page 624 624
  • Page 625 625
  • Page 626 626
  • Page 627 627
  • Page 628 628
  • Page 629 629
  • Page 630 630
  • Page 631 631
  • Page 632 632
  • Page 633 633
  • Page 634 634
  • Page 635 635
  • Page 636 636
  • Page 637 637
  • Page 638 638
  • Page 639 639
  • Page 640 640
  • Page 641 641
  • Page 642 642
  • Page 643 643
  • Page 644 644
  • Page 645 645
  • Page 646 646
  • Page 647 647
  • Page 648 648
  • Page 649 649
  • Page 650 650
  • Page 651 651
  • Page 652 652
  • Page 653 653
  • Page 654 654
  • Page 655 655
  • Page 656 656
  • Page 657 657
  • Page 658 658
  • Page 659 659
  • Page 660 660
  • Page 661 661
  • Page 662 662
  • Page 663 663
  • Page 664 664
  • Page 665 665
  • Page 666 666
  • Page 667 667
  • Page 668 668
  • Page 669 669
  • Page 670 670
  • Page 671 671
  • Page 672 672
  • Page 673 673
  • Page 674 674
  • Page 675 675
  • Page 676 676
  • Page 677 677
  • Page 678 678
  • Page 679 679
  • Page 680 680
  • Page 681 681
  • Page 682 682
  • Page 683 683
  • Page 684 684
  • Page 685 685
  • Page 686 686
  • Page 687 687
  • Page 688 688
  • Page 689 689
  • Page 690 690
  • Page 691 691
  • Page 692 692
  • Page 693 693
  • Page 694 694
  • Page 695 695
  • Page 696 696
  • Page 697 697
  • Page 698 698
  • Page 699 699
  • Page 700 700
  • Page 701 701
  • Page 702 702
  • Page 703 703
  • Page 704 704
  • Page 705 705
  • Page 706 706
  • Page 707 707
  • Page 708 708
  • Page 709 709
  • Page 710 710
  • Page 711 711
  • Page 712 712
  • Page 713 713
  • Page 714 714
  • Page 715 715
  • Page 716 716
  • Page 717 717
  • Page 718 718
  • Page 719 719
  • Page 720 720
  • Page 721 721
  • Page 722 722
  • Page 723 723
  • Page 724 724
  • Page 725 725
  • Page 726 726
  • Page 727 727
  • Page 728 728
  • Page 729 729
  • Page 730 730
  • Page 731 731
  • Page 732 732
  • Page 733 733
  • Page 734 734
  • Page 735 735
  • Page 736 736
  • Page 737 737
  • Page 738 738
  • Page 739 739
  • Page 740 740
  • Page 741 741
  • Page 742 742
  • Page 743 743
  • Page 744 744
  • Page 745 745
  • Page 746 746
  • Page 747 747
  • Page 748 748
  • Page 749 749
  • Page 750 750
  • Page 751 751
  • Page 752 752
  • Page 753 753
  • Page 754 754
  • Page 755 755
  • Page 756 756
  • Page 757 757
  • Page 758 758
  • Page 759 759
  • Page 760 760
  • Page 761 761
  • Page 762 762
  • Page 763 763
  • Page 764 764
  • Page 765 765
  • Page 766 766
  • Page 767 767
  • Page 768 768
  • Page 769 769
  • Page 770 770
  • Page 771 771
  • Page 772 772
  • Page 773 773
  • Page 774 774
  • Page 775 775
  • Page 776 776
  • Page 777 777
  • Page 778 778
  • Page 779 779
  • Page 780 780
  • Page 781 781
  • Page 782 782
  • Page 783 783
  • Page 784 784
  • Page 785 785
  • Page 786 786
  • Page 787 787
  • Page 788 788
  • Page 789 789
  • Page 790 790
  • Page 791 791
  • Page 792 792
  • Page 793 793
  • Page 794 794
  • Page 795 795
  • Page 796 796
  • Page 797 797
  • Page 798 798
  • Page 799 799
  • Page 800 800
  • Page 801 801
  • Page 802 802
  • Page 803 803
  • Page 804 804
  • Page 805 805
  • Page 806 806
  • Page 807 807
  • Page 808 808
  • Page 809 809
  • Page 810 810
  • Page 811 811
  • Page 812 812
  • Page 813 813
  • Page 814 814
  • Page 815 815
  • Page 816 816
  • Page 817 817
  • Page 818 818
  • Page 819 819
  • Page 820 820
  • Page 821 821
  • Page 822 822
  • Page 823 823
  • Page 824 824
  • Page 825 825
  • Page 826 826
  • Page 827 827
  • Page 828 828
  • Page 829 829
  • Page 830 830
  • Page 831 831
  • Page 832 832
  • Page 833 833
  • Page 834 834
  • Page 835 835
  • Page 836 836
  • Page 837 837
  • Page 838 838
  • Page 839 839
  • Page 840 840
  • Page 841 841
  • Page 842 842
  • Page 843 843
  • Page 844 844
  • Page 845 845
  • Page 846 846
  • Page 847 847
  • Page 848 848
  • Page 849 849
  • Page 850 850
  • Page 851 851
  • Page 852 852
  • Page 853 853
  • Page 854 854
  • Page 855 855
  • Page 856 856
  • Page 857 857
  • Page 858 858
  • Page 859 859
  • Page 860 860
  • Page 861 861
  • Page 862 862
  • Page 863 863
  • Page 864 864
  • Page 865 865
  • Page 866 866
  • Page 867 867
  • Page 868 868
  • Page 869 869
  • Page 870 870
  • Page 871 871
  • Page 872 872
  • Page 873 873
  • Page 874 874
  • Page 875 875
  • Page 876 876
  • Page 877 877
  • Page 878 878
  • Page 879 879
  • Page 880 880
  • Page 881 881
  • Page 882 882
  • Page 883 883
  • Page 884 884
  • Page 885 885
  • Page 886 886
  • Page 887 887
  • Page 888 888
  • Page 889 889
  • Page 890 890
  • Page 891 891
  • Page 892 892
  • Page 893 893
  • Page 894 894
  • Page 895 895
  • Page 896 896
  • Page 897 897
  • Page 898 898
  • Page 899 899
  • Page 900 900
  • Page 901 901
  • Page 902 902
  • Page 903 903
  • Page 904 904
  • Page 905 905
  • Page 906 906
  • Page 907 907
  • Page 908 908
  • Page 909 909
  • Page 910 910
  • Page 911 911
  • Page 912 912
  • Page 913 913
  • Page 914 914
  • Page 915 915
  • Page 916 916
  • Page 917 917
  • Page 918 918
  • Page 919 919
  • Page 920 920
  • Page 921 921
  • Page 922 922
  • Page 923 923
  • Page 924 924
  • Page 925 925
  • Page 926 926
  • Page 927 927
  • Page 928 928
  • Page 929 929
  • Page 930 930
  • Page 931 931
  • Page 932 932
  • Page 933 933
  • Page 934 934
  • Page 935 935
  • Page 936 936
  • Page 937 937
  • Page 938 938
  • Page 939 939
  • Page 940 940
  • Page 941 941
  • Page 942 942
  • Page 943 943
  • Page 944 944
  • Page 945 945
  • Page 946 946
  • Page 947 947
  • Page 948 948
  • Page 949 949
  • Page 950 950
  • Page 951 951
  • Page 952 952
  • Page 953 953
  • Page 954 954
  • Page 955 955
  • Page 956 956
  • Page 957 957
  • Page 958 958
  • Page 959 959
  • Page 960 960
  • Page 961 961
  • Page 962 962
  • Page 963 963
  • Page 964 964
  • Page 965 965
  • Page 966 966
  • Page 967 967
  • Page 968 968
  • Page 969 969
  • Page 970 970
  • Page 971 971
  • Page 972 972
  • Page 973 973
  • Page 974 974
  • Page 975 975
  • Page 976 976
  • Page 977 977
  • Page 978 978
  • Page 979 979
  • Page 980 980
  • Page 981 981
  • Page 982 982
  • Page 983 983
  • Page 984 984
  • Page 985 985
  • Page 986 986
  • Page 987 987
  • Page 988 988
  • Page 989 989
  • Page 990 990
  • Page 991 991
  • Page 992 992
  • Page 993 993
  • Page 994 994
  • Page 995 995
  • Page 996 996
  • Page 997 997
  • Page 998 998
  • Page 999 999
  • Page 1000 1000
  • Page 1001 1001
  • Page 1002 1002
  • Page 1003 1003
  • Page 1004 1004
  • Page 1005 1005
  • Page 1006 1006
  • Page 1007 1007
  • Page 1008 1008
  • Page 1009 1009
  • Page 1010 1010
  • Page 1011 1011
  • Page 1012 1012
  • Page 1013 1013
  • Page 1014 1014
  • Page 1015 1015
  • Page 1016 1016
  • Page 1017 1017
  • Page 1018 1018
  • Page 1019 1019
  • Page 1020 1020
  • Page 1021 1021
  • Page 1022 1022
  • Page 1023 1023
  • Page 1024 1024
  • Page 1025 1025
  • Page 1026 1026
  • Page 1027 1027
  • Page 1028 1028
  • Page 1029 1029
  • Page 1030 1030
  • Page 1031 1031
  • Page 1032 1032
  • Page 1033 1033
  • Page 1034 1034
  • Page 1035 1035
  • Page 1036 1036
  • Page 1037 1037
  • Page 1038 1038
  • Page 1039 1039
  • Page 1040 1040
  • Page 1041 1041
  • Page 1042 1042
  • Page 1043 1043
  • Page 1044 1044
  • Page 1045 1045
  • Page 1046 1046
  • Page 1047 1047
  • Page 1048 1048
  • Page 1049 1049
  • Page 1050 1050
  • Page 1051 1051
  • Page 1052 1052
  • Page 1053 1053
  • Page 1054 1054
  • Page 1055 1055
  • Page 1056 1056
  • Page 1057 1057
  • Page 1058 1058
  • Page 1059 1059
  • Page 1060 1060
  • Page 1061 1061
  • Page 1062 1062
  • Page 1063 1063
  • Page 1064 1064
  • Page 1065 1065
  • Page 1066 1066
  • Page 1067 1067
  • Page 1068 1068
  • Page 1069 1069
  • Page 1070 1070
  • Page 1071 1071
  • Page 1072 1072
  • Page 1073 1073
  • Page 1074 1074
  • Page 1075 1075
  • Page 1076 1076
  • Page 1077 1077
  • Page 1078 1078
  • Page 1079 1079
  • Page 1080 1080
  • Page 1081 1081
  • Page 1082 1082
  • Page 1083 1083
  • Page 1084 1084
  • Page 1085 1085
  • Page 1086 1086
  • Page 1087 1087
  • Page 1088 1088
  • Page 1089 1089
  • Page 1090 1090
  • Page 1091 1091
  • Page 1092 1092
  • Page 1093 1093
  • Page 1094 1094
  • Page 1095 1095
  • Page 1096 1096
  • Page 1097 1097
  • Page 1098 1098
  • Page 1099 1099
  • Page 1100 1100
  • Page 1101 1101
  • Page 1102 1102
  • Page 1103 1103
  • Page 1104 1104
  • Page 1105 1105
  • Page 1106 1106
  • Page 1107 1107
  • Page 1108 1108
  • Page 1109 1109
  • Page 1110 1110
  • Page 1111 1111
  • Page 1112 1112
  • Page 1113 1113
  • Page 1114 1114
  • Page 1115 1115
  • Page 1116 1116
  • Page 1117 1117
  • Page 1118 1118
  • Page 1119 1119
  • Page 1120 1120
  • Page 1121 1121
  • Page 1122 1122
  • Page 1123 1123
  • Page 1124 1124
  • Page 1125 1125
  • Page 1126 1126
  • Page 1127 1127
  • Page 1128 1128
  • Page 1129 1129
  • Page 1130 1130
  • Page 1131 1131
  • Page 1132 1132
  • Page 1133 1133
  • Page 1134 1134
  • Page 1135 1135
  • Page 1136 1136
  • Page 1137 1137
  • Page 1138 1138
  • Page 1139 1139
  • Page 1140 1140
  • Page 1141 1141
  • Page 1142 1142
  • Page 1143 1143
  • Page 1144 1144
  • Page 1145 1145
  • Page 1146 1146
  • Page 1147 1147
  • Page 1148 1148
  • Page 1149 1149
  • Page 1150 1150
  • Page 1151 1151
  • Page 1152 1152
  • Page 1153 1153
  • Page 1154 1154
  • Page 1155 1155
  • Page 1156 1156
  • Page 1157 1157
  • Page 1158 1158
  • Page 1159 1159
  • Page 1160 1160
  • Page 1161 1161
  • Page 1162 1162
  • Page 1163 1163
  • Page 1164 1164
  • Page 1165 1165
  • Page 1166 1166
  • Page 1167 1167
  • Page 1168 1168
  • Page 1169 1169
  • Page 1170 1170
  • Page 1171 1171
  • Page 1172 1172
  • Page 1173 1173
  • Page 1174 1174
  • Page 1175 1175
  • Page 1176 1176
  • Page 1177 1177
  • Page 1178 1178
  • Page 1179 1179
  • Page 1180 1180
  • Page 1181 1181
  • Page 1182 1182
  • Page 1183 1183
  • Page 1184 1184
  • Page 1185 1185
  • Page 1186 1186
  • Page 1187 1187
  • Page 1188 1188
  • Page 1189 1189
  • Page 1190 1190
  • Page 1191 1191
  • Page 1192 1192
  • Page 1193 1193
  • Page 1194 1194
  • Page 1195 1195
  • Page 1196 1196
  • Page 1197 1197
  • Page 1198 1198
  • Page 1199 1199
  • Page 1200 1200
  • Page 1201 1201
  • Page 1202 1202
  • Page 1203 1203
  • Page 1204 1204
  • Page 1205 1205
  • Page 1206 1206
  • Page 1207 1207
  • Page 1208 1208
  • Page 1209 1209
  • Page 1210 1210
  • Page 1211 1211
  • Page 1212 1212
  • Page 1213 1213
  • Page 1214 1214
  • Page 1215 1215
  • Page 1216 1216
  • Page 1217 1217
  • Page 1218 1218
  • Page 1219 1219
  • Page 1220 1220
  • Page 1221 1221
  • Page 1222 1222
  • Page 1223 1223
  • Page 1224 1224

Autodesk 3ds Max 8 User guide

Category
Graphics software
Type
User guide

Ask a question and I''ll find the answer in the document

Finding information in a document is now easier with AI