Telit Wireless Solutions GainSpan GS2K Series User manual

GS2K Wi-Fi Network Interface Card

(NIC) User Guide

1VV0301491 Rev 2.0 – 2018-02-13

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TELIT MAY MAKE CHANGES TO SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT

DESCRIPTIONS AT ANY TIME, WITHOUT NOTICE.

NOTICES

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While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document, Telit

assumes no liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or

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USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS

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The software described in this document is the property of Telit and its licensors. It is

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or computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission

of Telit.

III. High Risk Materials

Components, units, or third-party products used in the product described herein are NOT

fault-tolerant and are NOT designed, manufactured, or intended for use as on-line

control equipment in the following hazardous environments requiring fail-safe controls:

the operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication

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Telit and its supplier(s) specifically disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness

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CONTENTS

NOTICES…………. ........................................................................................... 2

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY ............................................................................. 2

COPYRIGHT ..................................................................................................... 2

USAGE AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS ................................................ 3

CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... 4

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 7

1.1. Scope ............................................................................................. 7

1.2. Audience ........................................................................................ 7

1.3. Contact Information and Support ................................................... 7

1.4. Text Convention ............................................................................. 7

1.5. Related Documents ........................................................................ 8

2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS ......................... 9

2.1. Hardware Components .................................................................. 9

2.1.1. Linux Host ...................................................................................... 9

2.1.2. GS2K Modules ............................................................................. 10

2.1.3. SDIO Interconnect ........................................................................ 10

2.2. Software Components .................................................................. 10

2.2.1. Linux Application .......................................................................... 10

2.2.1.1. WPA Supplicant ............................................................................ 10

2.2.1.2. Hostapd ........................................................................................ 11

2.2.1.3. WPA CLI ....................................................................................... 11

2.2.1.4. Hostapd CLI .................................................................................. 11

2.2.1.5. UserApp ........................................................................................ 11

2.2.2. Telit Wi-Fi NIC Applications .......................................................... 11

2.2.2.1. OTHFU Application ...................................................................... 11

2.2.2.2. RF Test Tool ................................................................................. 11

2.2.3. Linux Kernel ................................................................................. 11

2.2.4. GS2K Wi-Fi Driver ........................................................................ 11

2.2.5. GS2K Firmware ............................................................................ 11

2.3. Software Package ........................................................................ 12

3. REFERENCE PLATFORM .......................................................... 13

3.1. X86 PC Host Platform .................................................................. 13

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3.2. Arm Cortex A9 Embedded Platform ............................................. 13

3.3. GS2K SDIO Wi-Fi Adapter Board(WAB) ...................................... 13

4. BUILDING AND LOADING THE SOFTWARE ............................ 15

4.1. GS2K Linux Package ................................................................... 15

4.2. X86 PC Platform ........................................................................... 15

4.2.1. Building the Kernel and Loading the Host .................................... 15

4.2.2. Building the Driver ........................................................................ 15

4.2.3. Preparing the Test Setup ............................................................. 15

4.2.4. Load and Run the Driver .............................................................. 15

4.3. ARM Cortex A9 Embedded Platform ............................................ 15

4.3.1. Building the kernel and Driver, loading the Host .......................... 15

4.3.2. Preparing the Test Setup ............................................................. 16

4.3.3. Loading and Running the Driver ................................................... 16

5. WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATIONS ...................................... 17

5.1. Steps to load the GS2K Wi-Fi module during boot time: .............. 17

5.2. GS2K WLAN interface details ...................................................... 17

5.3. STA Mode .................................................................................... 17

5.4. AP Mode ....................................................................................... 19

5.5. Throughput measurement ............................................................ 22

5.5.1. UDP throughput Test procedure in station mode ......................... 22

5.5.2. TCP throughput Test procedure in station mode .......................... 23

6. OVER THE HOST FIRMWARE UPDATE .................................... 24

6.1. GS2K OTHFU Application ............................................................ 24

6.2. Compiling and building the application ......................................... 25

6.3. Build requirements: ...................................................................... 25

6.4. Typical command sequence for OTHFU ...................................... 25

7. RF TEST COMMANDS ................................................................ 26

7.1. GS2K RF Test Application............................................................ 26

7.2. Compiling and building the application ......................................... 27

7.3. Build requirements ....................................................................... 27

7.4. Typical command sequence for RF TEST.................................... 27

APPENDIX A: DOWNLOADING, BUILDING AND INSTALLING LINUX KERNEL ON

X86 UBUNTU ................................................................................................. 29

A.1 Get the source code ..................................................................... 29

A.2 Building the kernel ........................................................................ 33

A.3 Installing and booting the kernel ................................................... 33

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APPENDIX B: BUILDING AND INSTALLING LINUX KERNEL AND DRIVER ON NXP I

MX6 EMBEDDED HOST ................................................................................ 34

B.1 Bringing up the NXP IMX6 EVK Board: ........................................ 34

B.2 Setting up the SD card ................................................................. 36

APPENDIX C: RF TEST COMMAND AND ARGUMENT DESCRIPTION ..... 38

C.1 Regulatory and Transmit Tests using RF Test Commands .......... 38

C.1.1 Regulatory Testing ....................................................................... 38

C.1.2 Transmit Testing ........................................................................... 38

C.1.3 Gain Control Table ....................................................................... 38

C.1.4. Start RF Test ................................................................................ 38

C.1.5. Stop RF Test ................................................................................ 38

C.1.6. Asynchronous Frame Transmission ............................................. 38

C.1.7 Start Asynchronous Frame Reception .......................................... 41

C.1.8 Stop Asynchronous Frame Reception .......................................... 43

C.1.9 Asynchronous Frame Transmission (TX99 mode) ....................... 44

C.1.10. Asynchronous Frame Transmission (TX100 mode) ..................... 49

APPENDIX D: PROGRAMMING SETUP - GAINSPAN WAB BOARD ......... 52

DOCUMENT HISTORY .................................................................................. 53

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1.

Scope

This user guide provides information required to install and evaluate Telit Wi-Fi NIC

driver for Linux hosts with GS2K modules. It also provides guidelines for using firmware

update and RF test commands.

1.2. Audience

This document is intended for Telit customers, who are integrators and about to

implement their applications using Telit Wi-Fi NIC module.

1.3. Contact Information and Support

For general contact, technical support services, technical questions and report

documentation errors contact Telit Technical Support at:

• TS[email protected]

Alternatively, use:

http://www.telit.com/support

For detailed information about where you can buy the Telit modules or for

recommendations on accessories and components visit:

http://www.telit.com

Our aim is to make this guide as helpful as possible. Keep us informed of your comments

and suggestions for improvements.

Telit appreciates feedback from the users of our information.

1.4. Text Convention

Danger – This information MUST be followed or catastrophic

equipment failure or bodily injury may occur.

Caution or Warning – Alerts the user to important points about

integrating the module, if these points are not followed, the module

and end user equipment may fail or malfunction.

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Tip or Information – Provides advice and suggestions that may be

useful when integrating the module.

All dates are in ISO 8601 format, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD.

1.5. Related Documents

Please refer to http://www.telit.com/gnss/ for current documentation and downloads.

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2. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

This chapter describes the components and procedures for building a wireless

application with Linux host and Telit Wi-Fi NIC module.

The GS2K chipset implements 802.11 b/g/n MAC+PHY functionality. It integrates

complete MAC, PHY and RF functionality on a single chip providing a low cost and easy-

to-use solution for adding wireless connectivity to applications.

GS2K based modules (GS2200M and GS2101M) integrate GS2K chipset and required

components like crystals, regulators, RF front end components to provide ready-to-use

WLAN radio modules that can be used as NIC cards to provide network connectivity to

hosts. These modules are regulatory, certified and calibrated for easy integration and

build applications instantly without requiring any work on radio connectivity modules.

GS2K based modules provides host interface over SDIO, SPI and UART for connecting

a variety of hosts. The SDIO interface provides high speed interconnection for bigger

host systems that are based on processors with 32-bit CPU and MMU which run on

Linux operating systems. The Linux host implements the GS2K drivers, the network

stack, the supplicant and authenticator 802.11 security and the applications. It also

communicates with GS2K modules over SDIO.GS2K modules implements commands

and functionality to support Linux network API.

Standard Linux applications like “wpa_supplicant” and “hostapd” are used for control

path and standard Linux data path is used for data communications requiring no custom

software. Custom applications are used only for device firmware update and RF test as

they are not part of standard Linux offerings.

NOTE:

SPI, UART interface currently not supported.

2.1. Hardware Components

The following diagram illustrates the hardware components:

The description to the hardware components are as follows:

2.1.1. Linux Host

The Linux host can be any processor system that can run standard Linux software. It can

be a high end X86 PC or an embedded platform like i.MX6SLL. The host processor is

selected by customer.

Linux Host

(e.g., X86 PC, i.MX6SLL)

GS2K Module

(GS2200MIZ, GS2101MIP, etc)

SDIO interconnect

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2.1.2. GS2K Modules

GS2K modules acts as NIC card, it is based on GS2K chipset and supports all GS2K

modules.

2.1.3. SDIO Interconnect

The SDIO interconnect provides connectivity between the host and GS2K processor.

2.2. Software Components

The following diagram illustrates the software components being used. Telit Wi-Fi NIC

host software is provided along with the package – which is required to be installed in a

directory and built (discussed in the coming chapters).

2.2.1. Linux Application

Standard Linux applications are used for network connection setup and management.

Following are the standard Linux application:

2.2.1.1. WPA Supplicant

“wpa_supplicant” is a WPA supplicant for Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, and Windows with

WPA and WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i / RSN) support. It is suitable for both desktop/laptop

computers and embedded systems. Supplicant is IEEE 802.1X/WPA component that is

used in the client stations. It implements key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator,

controls the roaming and IEEE 802.11 authentication/association of WLAN driver.

Sockets Data i/f

NL80211 Ctl i/f

Wpa_cli

hostapd_cli

OTHFU App

RF Test App

User App

Wpa_supplicant

Hostapd

User Space

Kernel Space

CFG80211

NW Stack

GS2K Wi-Fi SDIO Driver

CFG80211

Linux Host

GS2K Module

GS2K

Firmware

SDIO i/f

= Telit Wi-Fi NIC Software

= User Software

= Standard Linux Sw

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2.2.1.2. Hostapd

“hostapd” is a user space daemon for access point and authentication servers. It

implements IEEE 802.11 access point management, IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP

Authenticators, RADIUS client, EAP server, and RADIUS authentication server.

2.2.1.3. WPA CLI

“wpa_cli” is a text-based frontend program interacting with “wpa_supplicant”. It is used to

get the current status, change configuration, trigger events, and request interactive user

input.

2.2.1.4. Hostapd CLI

“hostapd_cli” utility is a text-based frontend program for interacting with hostapd.

2.2.1.5. UserApp

“UserApp” makes use of networking services to setup socket connections and perform

data transfer.

2.2.2. Telit Wi-Fi NIC Applications

2.2.2.1. OTHFU Application

OTHFU application provides over-the-host firmware update facility for GS2K firmware.

Applications. GS2K firmware is updated using this application. (Refer Chapter - 6 Over

the Host Firmware Update).

2.2.2.2. RF Test Tool

RF test tool application provides commands for testing and evaluating GS2K radio. It

provides commands for frame transmission and reception (Refer Chapter – “7 RF Test

commands”).

2.2.3. Linux Kernel

Standard Linux kernel is used without any customizations.

2.2.4. GS2K Wi-Fi Driver

GS2K Wi-Fi driver is a kernel module provided by Telit. This module implements driver

for interfacing Linux kernel network control and data path to GS2K Wi-Fi device. It

interprets commands and messages between Linux kernel and GS2K. It also performs

queuing and flow control.

It contains SDIO driver adaptation layer for communication between Linux kernel and

GS2K SDIO device over SDIO interconnect. It implements probe, interrupt handling and

buffer management.

2.2.5. GS2K Firmware

GS2K firmware is loaded on GS2K module. It is programmed and run on GS2K

providing IEEE 802.11 Full MAC functionality. It handles scan, association and data

transfer functionality and implements MAC features like rate adaptation, client power-

save, AP mode inactivity tracking, AP mode power save buffering, etc. It also provides

firmware update and RF test functionality, and is considered as a single binary image

that is loaded into GS2K module flash.

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2.3. Software Package

Telit Wi-Fi NIC software package “gs2k_wifi_nic.tar.gz” consists of Telit Wi-Fi NIC

software components and few tools.

Following are the software package contents:

1. fw – gs2k fw single image binary

2. drv - contains driver files and make file

3. apps

a. othfu – contains othfu app source files and makefile

b. rftest – contains rftest app source files and makefile

4. wpa_supplicant – contains sample configuration files

5. hostapd – contains sample configuration files

6. tools – contains “gs_flashprogrammer” and any other tools if required.

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3. REFERENCE PLATFORM

This chapter describes the reference platform used to demonstrate the solution, the

setup and applications used.

The Linux solution is demonstrated using a reference platform setup. Two Linux host

platforms are used, one PC host and the other is embedded host. The GS2K target

board is same in both cases and is described as follows:

3.1. X86 PC Host Platform

“Lenovo Thinkpad T440p” laptop is used for X86 PC host running Ubuntu 16.4 and Linux

Kernel version 4.9.11. This machine has a SD card slot to plug the GS2K target board

for testing.

3.2. Arm Cortex A9 Embedded Platform

i.MX6SLL application processor is a single Arm® Cortex®-A9, which operates at speed

upto 800 MHz. Products based on the i.MX6SLL application processors enables cost

effective, rapid development of multimedia applications for Android® and Linux®

operating systems. This board has a SD card slot to plug GS2K target board for testing.

3.3. GS2K SDIO Wi-Fi Adapter Board(WAB)

GS2K SDIO Wi-Fi Adapter Board (WAB) is a GS2101MIP module based hardware

adapter board that is interfaced using the SDIO interface of a Linux host processor.

The following diagram shows the i.MX6SLL board and GS2K SDIO WAB.

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GS2K SDIO WAB is plugged into SD card slot on laptop for testing.

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4. BUILDING AND LOADING THE SOFTWARE

This chapter provides the steps for building GS2K Linux drivers, loading and running

them on a reference platform.

4.1. GS2K Linux Package

This step is common for all Linux host platforms.

1. Create a folder called “telit”.

mkdir ~/telit

2. Copy “gs2k_wifi_nic.tar.gz” package into this directory.

3. Unzip the package using following command.

tar xvf gs2k_wifi_nic.tar.gz

4.2. X86 PC Platform

Following are the steps for building, loading and running GS2K Linux drivers on X86

host reference platform.

4.2.1. Building the Kernel and Loading the Host

On X86 platform, the host and development system are the same and hence it is not

required to setup a cross-compilation environment. Ubuntu 16.4 with Linux kernel

version 4.9.11 is required on X86 PC.

Check the Linux Kernel version by issuing the command “uname -r”. If Linux kernel

version is already installed - then just build the driver, install and test it with instructions

in following sections. If the Linux kernel version is not installed – then download, build

and install the kernel on Ubuntu (Refer - Appendix A: Downloading, Building and

Installing Linux Kernel on x86 Ubuntu).

4.2.2. Building the Driver

1. Go to “~/telit/gs2k_wifi_nic/drv”

2. Build the driver

4.2.3. Preparing the Test Setup

Program GS2K WAB with GS2K firmware provided in ‘fw’ folder of the package using the

flash programmer tool.

Refer “Appendix D: Programming Setup - GainSpan WAB Board” for preparing the test

setup and for programming steps using flash programmer refer “GS2K Module

Programming User Guide”.

4.2.4. Load and Run the Driver

Follow the procedures mentioned in Chapter: “5 Wireless Network Operations” to load

and setup wireless connection and perform data transfer.

4.3. ARM Cortex A9 Embedded Platform

Following are the steps for building, loading and running GS2K Linux drivers for ARM

Cortex A9 host reference platform:

4.3.1. Building the kernel and Driver, loading the Host

The GS2K driver is tested with Linux kernel version 4.9.11. If the complete setup for

i.MX6SLL board including cross-compile environment, building the bootloader, kernel

and root filesystem and loading them on host board already exists then - simply include

the driver in the build procedure and follow the procedures mentioned in Chapter - “5

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Wireless Network Operations” to install and test. If the complete setup is not present

then – follow the procedures mentioned in “Appendix B: Building and Installing Linux

Kernel and Driver on NXP i MX6 Embedded Host” to download, build and install the

kernel, root filesystem and GS2K driver.

4.3.2. Preparing the Test Setup

Program GS2K WAB with GS2K firmware provided in ‘fw’ folder of the package using the

flash programmer tool.

Refer “Appendix D: Programming Setup - GainSpan WAB Board” for preparing the test

setup and for programming steps using flash programmer refer “GS2K Module

Programming User Guide”.

4.3.3. Loading and Running the Driver

Follow the procedures mentioned in Chapter - “5 Wireless Network Operations” to load

and setup wireless connection and perform data transfer.

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5. WIRELESS NETWORK OPERATIONS

This chapter provides step by step procedure to setup wireless network connectivity and

perform data transfer.

Prepare the system (refer Chapter – “4 Building and loading the software”) before

configuring the WLAN interface.

Following are the steps to connect to the wireless network and test data transfer, once

the WLAN interface is configured:

NOTE:

Configuration instructions are only for reference and contain typical

example. For more details refer – “Linux documentation”.

5.1. Steps to load the GS2K Wi-Fi module during boot time:

• Compile GS2K module (refer: - 4.2.2Building the Driver) and place the module file

“gs2k_sdio.ko” in “/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net”

• Open the file “/etc/modules” and write “gs2k_sdio” in it.

• Run the command “depmod -a ”

• And run the command “sudo update-initramfs -u”

• Once the above commands are successfully executed the at every restart the

GS2K Wi-Fi module will be automatically loaded.

• Run command “lsmod | grep” for gs2k to check whether “gs2k_sdio” is currently

loaded.

5.2. GS2K WLAN interface details

The following command is used to find the physical device corresponding to GS2K

WLAN interface:

iw dev

The following command is used to check the features and commands supported by all

devices:

iw phy

5.3. STA Mode

Following are the steps to configure and test wireless interface in station mode:

1. Configure DHCP

a) Open configuration file and make sure DHCP is enabled.

>vi /etc/network/interfaces

File should contain below two lines:

auto wlan0

iface wlan0 inet dhcp

b) Restart networking

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> /etc/init.d/networking restart

2. Create or update the configuration file.

Typical configuration file contains the following references:

a) Open Mode (for example sta_open_con.conf file)

ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant

update_config=1

network={

ssid="MY_AP_OPEN"

scan_ssid=1

key_mgmt=NONE

}

b) AES security (for example sta_aes_con.conf file)

ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant

update_config=1

network={

ssid="MY_AP_AES"

scan_ssid=1

key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

psk="GSDemo123"

proto=RSN

pairwise=CCMP

group=CCMP

}

c) Mixed mode (for example sta_mixed_con.conf file)

ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant

update_config=1

network={

ssid="MY_AP_MIXED"

proto=RSN

key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

pairwise=CCMP

group=TKIP

psk="GSDemo123"

}

3. Terminate wpa_supplicant (if its running)

>sudo killall wpa_supplicant

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>sudo rfkill unblock wifi

4. Bring up GS2K Wi-Fi module

Check whether GS2K Wi-Fi module is already installed.

>lsmod | grep gs2k

If above command does not list gs2k_sdio, then load the module manually.

Go to the directory in which GS2K Wi-Fi NIC driver installed.

>cd ~/telit/gs2k_wifi_nic/drv

>sudo insmod gs2k_sdio.ko

5. Discover the n/w interface

>ip a

or

>ifconfig

6. Start wpa_supplicant and initiate connection (use the required conf file)

For example:

> wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_open_con.conf

> wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_aes_con.conf

> wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 nl80211 -c sta_mixed_con.conf

7. To check the IP address and status:

> ifconfig wlan0

8. If needed disable power save feature

>sudo iw dev wlan0 set power_save off

>sudo iw dev wlan0 get power_save

9. If required start wpa_cli application

> wpa_cli -i wlan0

10. Test data transfer using ping

>ping <AP IP address>

5.4. AP Mode

Following are the steps to configure and test wireless interface in AP mode:

1. Configure DHCP server

1.1. Assign static IP

GS2K Wi-Fi Network Interface Card (NIC) User Guide

1VV0301491 Rev 2.0 Page 20 of 54 2018-02-13

a) Open configuration file and make sure static configuration.

> vi /etc/network/interfaces

File content:

auto wlan0

iface wlan0 inet static

address 10.0.0.1

netmask 255.255.255.0

gateway 10.0.0.1

b) restart networking

> /etc/init.d/networking restart

1.2. Open dhcp configuration file and modify if required

> vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

Sample configuration given below:

ddns-update-style none;

ignore client-updates;

authoritative;

option routers 10.0.0.1;

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;

option broadcast-address 10.0.0.255;

option domain-name-servers 10.0.0.1,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4;

option time-offset 0;

default-lease-time 1209600;

max-lease-time 1814400;

subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.13;

}

2. Start DHCP Server

> sudo service isc-dhcp-server restart

OR

> sudo service isc-dhcp-server start

3. Start DHCP server ane select the interface to start DHCP server. Open the file

“/etc/default/isc-dhcp-server” and write INTERFACES="wlan0"

4. Create or update the conf file

Typical configuration file contains the following references:

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Telit Wireless Solutions GainSpan GS2K Series User manual

Telit Wireless Solutions GainSpan GS2K Series User manual

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