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Douglas DC -3
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Douglas DC -3
Build
Douglas DC -3
Build
11
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Paints and
modelling tools
A comprehensive selection of modelling tools
and paints (in all the colours you will need to
complete your Douglas DC-3) is available from
the Model Space website.
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p247-254 images from the Giorgio Apostolo Collection
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Items may vary from those shown.
Not suitable for children under the age of 14.
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The many lives of the DC-3™
While the twin-engined Douglas™
was disappearing from the scene
as an operational aircraft, it was
becoming increasingly famous.
The iconic DC-3 now held a place
in the public imagination, thanks
partly to its appearances in films
and comics, on stamps, coins,
playing cards and postcards.
ASSEMBLY GUIDE
Right wing and engines
Complete the right wing and
two engines, and fit them
to the fuselage.
247
255
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The many lives of the DC-3
While gradually disappearing as an
operational aircraft, the DC-3,
both as a civilian and a military plane, was
occupying an altogether more permanent
place in the public’s imagination.
Few aircraft over the years have
acquired its iconic status and few have
succeeded in characterising a period
as the twin-engined Douglas has done.
Immortalised in many famous films, it has
also appeared in comic strips, on stamps
and playing cards and all kinds of other
objects, from ephemera such as postcards
and advertisements to smartphone covers.
A Lisunov Li-2 belonging to the Russian airline
Aeroflot. The Li-2, originally designated PS-84
(passenger aeroplane 84), was a version of the
Douglas DC-3 built under licence at Factory
#84 in Khimki in Moscow and, after that site’s
wartime evacuation in 1941, at a factory in
Tashkent. The plane was named after the
director of the project, aeronautical engineer
Boris Pavlovich Lisunov.
Build Douglas DC
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3247
A Dakota and, in the
background, the Rock of
Gibraltar, photographed at
the beginning of October
1943. The C-47’s game-
changing role in World War
II was enough to guarantee
its success in the post-war
film industry. A central
element in all historical
reconstructions, it is still
an object of fascination
today, as illustrated
by its appearances in,
for instance, Steven
Spielberg’s Saving Private
Ryan (1998) and in the
Spielberg-produced TV
series Band of Brothers.
Above, paratroops being dropped from C-47s
during World War II. The photograph shows the
campaign in Markham Valley, New Guinea, which
took place in September 1943. Concealed by a
smokescreen, the men attacking Nadzab airport
are the United States 503rd Parachute Infantry
Regiment and the 2nd/4th Field Regiment of the
Australian Army. After World War II, ex-service
C-47s were readily available and they were used
frequently in movies.
All this is because, almost 80 years after
going into service, the DC-3 continues
to have numerous admirers, among
both aircraft enthusiasts and the general
public. This enthusiasm is not about to
diminish, in view of the number of DC-
3s still operational and the number of
organisations involved in restoring and
flying old aircraft.
The DC-3 and the film industry
The DC-3 has attracted the attention of
film-makers since it first appeared in the
skies. In 1938, the twin-engine Douglas
made an appearance in Test Pilot, directed
by Victor Fleming; in 1938, in Ninotchka,
(dir. Ernst Lubitsch); in 1940, in My Favorite
Wife (dir. Garson Kanin) and the following
year in Meet John Doe (dir. Frank Capra).
Also in 1941, with subtle references to the
ongoing WWII, it appeared in Emergency
Landing (dir. William Beaudine), and in
Flying Blind (dir. Frank McDonald), then in
1942 in Crossroads (dir. Jack Conway).
But it had not yet reached the peak of its
success. Between the late 1940s and the
mid-1950s, the DC-3 continued to appear
Build Douglas DC
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248
The many lives of the DC-3
in films, mainly to add local colour to stories
set in the previous decade (Casbah, dir.
John Berry, 1948), or popping up in more
modern pieces such as Roman Holiday
(dir. William Wyler, 1953) and Written on
the Wind (dir. Douglas Sirk, 1956).
But what really raised the DC-3 to cult
status were the great reconstructions
of the events in Word War II. Films such
as The Longest Day (1962) and The
Battle of the Bulge (1965) (both dir. Ken
Annakin), Patton (dir. Franklin Schaffner,
1970) and A Bridge Too Far (dir. Richard
Attenborough, 1977) popularised the C-47
and reinforced its enduring status as a
‘technical icon’ of the war in Europe.
The DC-3 on
stamps and coins
The DC-3 has found a place in many
spheres of interest, and it has proven
very popular among the devotees of
philately and numismatics – that is, the
collecting of stamps and coins. At least 95
countries have issued stamps depicting
the DC-3 or the C-47 (including versions
such as the Lisunov Li-2 and the Nakajima
L2D). These include Afghanistan, Cuba,
Egypt, the Philippines, Germany, Iceland,
Jersey, Panama, Turkey, the Unites States,
Switzerland and Venezuela. Stamps
showing the DC-2 have been issued by
15 countries (including Curaçao, Finland,
Japan and the Dutch Indies), and in some
cases also the DC-1 (for instance, Samoa).
This is without taking into account other
products such as postcards, leaflets,
envelopes and special cancellations.
In numismatics, there have been various
commemorative issues. Coins representing
the twin-engined Douglas have been issued
by, among others, the Isle of Man (1 crown,
copper and nickel, 1995), the Republic of the
Congo, formerly Congo Brazzaville (500 and
1,000 francs, both in silver in 2002, and a
500-franc coin showing the DC-2, in silver,
2004,) and by the Solomon Islands (25
dollars, silver, 2003, as well as a gold-plated
version in a limited edition).
A DC-2 with TWA livery,
which is now at the Museum
of Flight in Seattle. The
present state of the aircraft is
the result of a long restoration
project, started in 1982 by
members of the Douglas
Historical Foundation and
completed in 2007 under the
supervision of the staff of the
museum. After its restoration
was completed, the aircraft
was flown to its present
location from Van Nuys,
California, with stopovers in
Sacramento, California, and
Eugene, Oregon.
Build Douglas DC
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3249
More aircraft at the 1985 Royal International Air
Tattoo at Fairford. In the centre of the photograph
is C-47A N53ST/531323/53-T (c/n 9380) ‘Col.
Michael C. Thomas’ (1942), now on display at
Luke Air Force Base, Phoenix, Arizona. Behind it,
in the distance, there is a glimpse of C-47A-70-DL
PH-DDA (c/n 19109, 1943) of the Dutch Dakota
Association, and in the foreground, top left, is the
nose of R4D-6 N151ZE (c/n 50783), built at the
Douglas plant in Oklahoma City in October 1944.
Close-up of C-47A PH-
DDA of the Dutch Dakota
Association at the Royal
International Air Tattoo at
Fairford, England, in 1985.
On 25 September 1996,
PH-DDA crashed into the sea
near Texel (one of the West
Frisian Islands, off the coast
of the Netherlands), causing
the deaths of all 32 people on
board. Visible at the bottom
right of the photograph is
the rudder of DC-3A 191A
N4565L. This aircraft is
now on display at the South
Yorkshire Aircraft Museum in
Doncaster, England.
This process was further accelerated by
dramatic and popular war films such as The
Bridge on the River Kwai (dir. David Lean,
1957), The Dirty Dozen (dir. Robert Aldrich,
1967, and its sequel, dir. Andrew McLaren,
1985), Night of the Eagle (dir. John Sturges,
1976) and also – in this case the Vietnam
War – The Green Berets, directed by and
starring John Wayne, in 1968.
The popularity of the aircraft shows no
sign of waning with time. More recently,
the Dakota has been seen on the big
screen in The Wild Geese (dir. Andrew
McLaglen, 1978), and in the barnstorming
Indiana Jones adventures by Steven
Spielberg (1981-2008), plus Spielberg’s
groundbreaking television series Band
of Brothers. The plane was seen in Air
America (dir. Roger Spottiswoode, 1990),
in White Hunter Black Heart (dir. Clint
Eastwood, who also starred, 1990), in
Traffic (dir. Steven Soderbergh, 2001)
and in the James Bond film Quantum
of Solace (dir. Marc Foster, 2008). It has
been calculated that, to date, the DC-3
Build Douglas DC
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250
The many lives of the DC-3
This aircraft, on display in
the Air Force Armament
Museum adjacent to Eglin
Air Force Base in Florida, was
originally a TC-47B but was
repainted to represent AC-47
Spooky 43-49010, which
served during the Vietnam
War as part of the 4th Special
Operations Squadron,
attached to the 432nd TRW
(Tactical Reconnaissance
Wing), which was based
in Udon, in Thailand. The
original 43-49010 is on
display at a Vietnam War
museum at Surasri Army
Camp in Kanchanaburi,
Thailand. Military museums,
particularly in the USA, have
been very involved in the
recovery and preservation of
historic aircraft.
has appeared, in a more or less obvious
way, in 169 films, documentaries and
television series and the C-47 in 155; and
this is without including the multitude of
special programmes on the two aircraft
which are aimed at the niche markets of
fans and home video, rather than full-scale
distribution and broadcasting.
Museums and
historical associations
The importance of the DC-3/C-47, both
from a commercial and military point
of view, explains its omnipresence in
aeronautical museums both in the United
States and abroad. Various examples of the
DC-3 and C-47 can be admired as static
displays in, among others, the Aircraft
Museum in Seattle (NC91008, Alaska
Airlines), the Carolinas Aviation Museum in
Charlotte, North Carolina (N44V, Piedmont
Airlines), the Smithsonian National Air
and Space Museum in Washington DC
(N18124, Eastern Airlines), the Aircraft
Build Douglas DC
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3251
The celebrities’ aircraft
The image of the DC-3 was enhanced by its former role as the aircraft of celebrities. For instance, among
the displays at the aviation museum in Rimini, Italy (the Parco Tematico e Museo dell’Aviazione G.
Casolari) is the DC-3 N242AG. Between 1956 and 1963, this aircraft belonged to Hollywood star Clark Gable
and, according to its logbook, its passengers included US President John F Kennedy and his brother Robert,
Marilyn Monroe, Frank Sinatra, and President Ronald Reagan during his years as an actor. Another famous
character closely linked to the DC-3 was the singer Ricky Nelson, who died on 31 December 1985 in De
Kalb, Texas, when his Douglas DC-3 N711Y crashed while flying from Guntersville, Alabama, to Dallas. This
aircraft was produced by the Douglas plant in Oklahoma City as C-47A-25-DK 13658 in 1943 for the USAAF,
and in the course of its life had been plagued by mechanical problems. It had previously belonged to the
wealthy Du Pont family and the singer Jerry Lee Lewis.
The DC-3S N34AH (c/n 43360), above, started life
as C-47A-50-D, and was then converted to the
DC-3S (C-117D) standard. It has enjoyed a colourful
history – it was seized for transporting drugs in
1989 and was then bought in 2005 by Classic Air
Transport of Las Vegas. After spending some time at
Benson Municipal Airport near Tucson, Arizona, the
aircraft is now at the premises of Aircraft Restoration
and Marketing, in Tucson.
A DC-3 in the process of
being restored. The work
needed to bring an aircraft
back to its original condition
is long and complicated
and it is often carried out
by volunteers. It is usually
difficult to restore the aircraft
to actual factory condition,
either because of the
numerous alterations made
during its operational life
or because of the choices
more or less forced on those
in charge of the restoration
project. As a result, it is not
unusual for restored aircraft
to be made up of parts
coming from several different
aircraft while retaining the
original serial number.
Museum of Santa Monica (N242SM,
‘Spirit of Santa Monica’), the Air Mobility
Command Museum of the Dover air base
in Delaware (42-92841, ‘Turf & Sport
Special’), the National Naval Aviation
Museum of the naval air force base of
Pensacola, Florida (C-117D 50821/821),
the American Airborne Museum of Sainte-
Mère-Èglise in France (C-47, Z315159,
‘The Argonia’) and the RAF Museum
at Cosford, in England (Dakota Mk IV,
KN645). Museums have been playing
an increasingly important part in recent
years, and there are also private individuals
involved in various ways in the salvage
and restoration of old Douglas aircraft.
The Flagship Detroit Foundation or AAF
– American Aeronautical Foundation –
has restored the DC-3 ‘Flagship Detroit’
(NC17334) and the C-47B ‘Aluminum
Mistress’ (43-49531), ensuring that they
are kept in working order. There are
many groups of enthusiasts, such as the
Build Douglas DC
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The many lives of the DC-3
A view inside the RAF Museum at Cosford,
Shropshire. In the centre of the picture, a Dakota
Mk IV KN645 is suspended from the roof. In the
other branch of the RAF Museum, at Hendon, in
London, a central section of the fuselage of a Dakota
is on display while the front section is waiting to be
mounted. There are other Dakotas in England, at
Wroughton, Framlington, Middle Wallop, Coningsby,
High Wycombe, North Weald, Brenzett and
Aldershot, as well as at the Imperial War Museum at
Duxford and the Science Museum in London.
Dutch Dakota Association, the Swedish
Flygande Veteraner, the France DC3 and
the Hungarian Goldtimer Alapítvány, as
well as enthusiastic individuals such as
Frank and Glen Moss, who were involved
in the recovery and restoration of DST
NC16005 in Punta Gorda in Florida and
have contributed to restoring various
aircraft to their original condition. Such
aircraft may have been no longer in use,
or in the course of their often complicated
operational life they may have undergone
various changes that had completely
altered their appearance.
Then there is the phenomenon of the
numerous virtual museums devoted to
A C-47, ZA947, in the
colours of the UK Royal
Aircraft Establishment
(RAE). Assigned to the
Royal Canadian Air Force
(RCAF) in September 1942,
it was acquired by the
RAE in 1971, after being
phased out by the RCAF.
Added to the RAE’s list of
surplus aircraft in 1992, in
March 1993 it was handed
over to the Battle of Britain
Memorial Flight (BBMF),
which subsequently restored
the aircraft to its original
condition. Now completely
operational, the aircraft
has been painted in the
colours of Dakota FZ692
‘Kwicherbichen’, used by
the RAF’s 223 Squadron in
Normandy in 1944.
the DC-3/C-47 that have been created
on the internet. Websites such as DC-3
Airways Virtual Airlines (www.dc3airways.
com) and The DC-3 Hangar (www.
douglasdc3.com) are a valuable source
of reliable data, frequently updated with
historic and current photographs of the
much-loved twin-engined Douglas.
Build Douglas DC
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3253
Having been acquired by
the Royal New Zealand
Air Force (RNZAF) after
World War II, the DC-3 in
this photograph (ZK-APK,
c/n 34227/16967) is today
on display in Mangaweka
on New Zealand’s North
Island, where it advertises
the activities of the
Mangaweka Adventure
Company. It was last
flown by a company
called Fieldair, then was
subsequently painted in
varying colours to advertise
local concerns, including
Cookie Time’s DC-3 Café.
Pulling in the crowds
The iconic character of the DC-3 has frequently been used to attract crowds to events and attractions, and for advertising. DC-3s are found at the
entrances of theme parks devoted to aviation, such as the Museum of Flying in Santa Monica, California, and the Fantasy of Flight park in Polk City,
Florida. In a less logical context, the image of the DC-3 has also been associated with non-aviation activities. For instance, the American Roasterie
chain, which sells tea and coffee, has chosen a stylised DC-3 as its logo, and it has even installed a complete DC-3 on top of its headquarters in Kansas
City, Missouri. Similarly, the DC-3 name is often associated with restaurants and bars. For instance, there is the DC-3 restaurant in Santa Catalina, in
California, and the DC-3 Hot Dog Restaurant in Washington, DC. At Lake Taupo, in New Zealand, a former DC-3 of the New Zealand National Airways
Corporation (ZK-CAW, c/n 18923 of 1943), adapted to function as a restaurant with 10 two-seat tables, is parked next to a McDonald’s fast food outlet,
for which it is both an extension and the main attraction.
But this is only the tip of the iceberg,
because the whole world of vintage
aeronautics (which is extremely well
represented on the Internet) regularly
pays tribute to the DC-3 with articles
specially devoted to it, either on websites
specialising in aircraft of the 1930s and
1940s (for instance, the British website
Oldprops, www.oldprops.ukhome.
net), or in photographic archives (such
as Airliners.net, www.airliners.net and
Airplane-Pictures.net, www.airplane-
pictures.net), and, last but not least, the
websites of the numerous very active
amateur associations.
Build Douglas DC
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254
Assembly Guide
xxxxxx xxxx
Take the laser-cut frameworks corresponding to the pieces of the right wing, and the piece A13
that was supplied in an earlier pack. Remove the individual pieces with a craft knife, and use a file
and sandpaper to smooth the edges of each piece.
Fit and glue pieces A19, A20 and A47 onto the assembly formed by pieces A39-A40. Correctly
fitting piece A47 between the other pieces will establish the correct angle for the cross-pieces and
ensure that the wing is symmetrical with the left wing already constructed.
Start by assembling the right wing, bearing in mind that the assembly operations are essentially
the same as those used for the left wing. Working on a flat surface, position, fit and glue
together the pairs of pieces A37-A38, A39-A40, A41-A42 and A43-A44, as shown.
From the underside, fit and glue pieces A37-A38 and A41-A42 to the assembly made in
the previous step.
1
43
Right wing and engines
N.B. Some elements supplied with each pack, in particular the sheets
of laser-cut plywood parts, may not look exactly the same to those in
the step-by-step photographs. But, of course, the individual assembly
pieces included within the laser-cut plywood parts will have exactly the
same shapes, sizes and descriptions as those shown here.
2
A39-A40
A47
A37-A38
A41-A42
A39-A40
A20
A43
A41
A39
A37 A38
A40
A42
A44
A19
See the back cover for a checklist of your parts for this pack.
Build Douglas DC
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3255
Assembly Guide
Fit and glue pieces A14, A46, A48 and A13, in that order.
Position and glue the stringers in their notches inside the wing.
Apply modelling filler to the wooden elements and paint the
wing green. Cut out the part of the stringer between ribs A17
and A18 (see photograph), leaving this space free.
Complete the structure of the right wing by fitting ribs A15, A16, A17, A18 and piece A45. Continue by assembling the ribs from A21
to A36 successively, and finally the joined pieces A43-A44.
If you have decided to fit your aircraft with lights, insert two
pairs of cables into the wing for power, as shown above. Steps
13, 15, 16, 48 and 51-53 will tell you how to fit and connect
the lights. If you are not fitting lights, ignore these instructions.
Sand the pieces C67D and C68D, apply primer and
paint them green. Fix them in position as shown in the
photographs above.
65
87 9
A14
A48
A33
A31
A29
A28
A27
A26
A25
A24
A23
A22
A21
A18
A17
A16
A15
A45
A43-A44
A35
A36
A34
A32
A30
A13
A18
C68D
C67D
A17
A46
Build Douglas DC
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3
256
Assembly Guide
Right wing and engines
Prepare cladding pieces AWR1 and AWR3 as you did
previously, and cover the upper surface of the right wing.
Repeat the operations carried out in the previous pack to
install the navigation lights and fit a green LED at the end of
the wing.
In the same way, cover the lower surface with pieces AWR2
and AWR4.
Complete the end of the wing by gluing pieces S93D and
S94D in position.
Cover the lower part of the leading edge with pieces AWR8,
AWR9 and AWR10, starting at the edge and going towards the
end of the wing. For the upper part, mount the cladding pieces
AWR5, AWR6 and AWR7, following this order exactly.
Fit a white LED between pieces C71D and C72D.
1110 12
151413
AWR1
AWR3
S93D
S94D
C72D
C71D
AWR2
AWR4
AWR10
AWR9
AWR8
Build Douglas DC
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3257
Assembly Guide
1716
1918
Fit the connector sleeves to the cables sticking out from rib A13 of the right wing, in the same way as
you did for the left wing.
In the same way as you did in the previous pack, complete the assembly of the wing flap support.
Cover pieces C71D and C72D with cladding pieces AWR11 and AWR12, fitting them on the
lower and upper sides respectively.
Complete the assembly of the right wing flap and its support with cladding pieces AWR13
and AWR14. Later, you will continue the assembly of both wings of the aircraft.
A13
C59h
C59g C59f C59e C59d C59c C59b
C59a
AWR14
AWR13
AWR11
AWR12
Build Douglas DC
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258
Assembly Guide
Right wing and engines
2120 22
2423
With the pieces you have kept from Pack 10, start making the
second engine as explained in detail in Pack 9. The following
steps show you how to complete each of the engines, which
you can work on one at a time or both together.
Take two of the lengths of wire and glue them to one of the cylinders on the front side of the engine,
as shown.
Take the 0.5mm-diameter brass wire (supplied with Pack 5)
and use pliers to cut off 28 pieces, each 12mm long.
Straighten the 12mm lengths of brass wire by rolling them one
by one on a flat, rigid surface with a file.
Repeat the operation for each cylinder on both sides of the engine.
C28
C22
C29
Build Douglas DC
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3259
Assembly Guide
Apply a coat of primer to both sides of the engine and to piece
SD59. Paint them aluminium, preferably with an airbrush, and
leave them to dry.
There is one piece SD59 and one screw with a nut for
each engine. Carry out the assembly of each piece without
tightening the nut too much. Keep the remaining two nuts to
use later for fitting the propeller.
Use a brush to paint the details of the engine azure grey and matt black, following the colours in the illustrations above and elsewhere
on this spread. Let the paint dry, then apply a very diluted dark brown wash to emphasise the contours and details.
Fit and glue piece SD59 to the body of the engine, as shown.
Leave to dry.
Take the black cable supplied with Pack 5. Pass one
end through the hole (circled) above one of the cylinders,
and fix the cable in the hole in the body of the engine, as
shown in the photograph.
2625
292827
SD59
SD59
SD59EXTRAS x 2
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3
260
Assembly Guide
Right wing and engines
On the front of the engine, cut the cable to length and use cyanoacrylate glue (superglue) to stick the other end to the
outer edge of piece SD59, in front of its corresponding cylinder.
30
Repeat the operation for each cylinder.
Rear view of the engine assembly, showing the cables and
the cylinders.
31
32
SD59 Glue cable here
Build Douglas DC
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3261
Assembly Guide
Take the red cable kept from Pack 2, and fix one end to the
front of the engine, as shown in the photograph.
Pass the cable between the cylinders to the other side of
the engine, cut it to length and fix the end to the body of the
engine, as shown in the photo.
With a fine brush, paint the ends of the engine cables aluminium so as to imitate the connectors. That completes the engine assembly
process, so if you are working on the engines one at a time, repeat the whole procedure to finish the other one.
3533
34
Build Douglas DC
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3
262
Assembly Guide
Right wing and engines
Fit and glue one engine into each of the central wing sections prepared previously, as shown. Make
sure that the rear of the engine fits perfectly into its mounting.
Fit and glue the covers to both engines, as illustrated. Make sure that the pieces C24 fit perfectly
onto the engine cowling.
Prepare the engine covers, pieces C24. Smooth them all over and apply to each of them, in this
order, the primer, the gloss black paint and the chrome finish. Be sure to leave enough drying
time between each coat and to handle the pieces with care.
Take the air outlets of the engines, the photo-etched metal pieces S38 supplied with Pack 9.
With flat-nose pliers, bend the individual pieces one way and the other until they break off.
The broken edges of the parts will be sharp, so take care when handling them.
3736
3938
C24
C24 S38
c
b
a
Build Douglas DC
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3263
Assembly Guide
The broken edge of each piece will be placed and glued
between the covering of the aircraft and the engine cowling.
Following this photograph and the next four, fit the individual
pieces (a, b and c) in the order indicated.
You have now completed the whole of one side of one of the engines.
Piece ‘a’ fits at the top, then five ‘b’ pieces fan out around
the side (there will be a spare ‘b’ piece left over), then there is
a ‘c’ piece at the bottom.
Continue the operation with pieces from photo-etched
sheet S38.
Repeat the operations on the other side of the first engine, and then on both sides of the
second engine, with pieces from the photo-etched sheet S38.
4140 42
4443
a
c
a
b
c
b
ab
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264
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