Nera SatLink 1000 User manual

Revision L, 29th Sep 2004

Nera Broadband Satellite AS

Nera SatLink Terminal

User Guide

permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.

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™The names of products (hardware and/or software) mentioned herein are regarded to be

the property of their respective companies, regardless of whether or not registration is

indicated.

Notice The information in this publication is subject to change without notice. Nera Broadband

Satellite AS makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but

not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for particular

purposes. Moreover, Nera Broadband Satellite AS shall not be held liable for errors that

may occur herein or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the

furnishing, performance or use of this material.

Publication no. 101557

Revision L, 29th Sep 2004

File: Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide Rev L

Nera Broadband Satellite AS

Bergerveien 12

PO Box 91

N-1375 Billingstad, Norway

Tel: +47 67244700, Fax: +47 66859115

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: http://www.nera.no/

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 7

1.1 This User Guide.......................................................................................................... 8

1.2 Configuration overview............................................................................................... 8

2. UNPACKING............................................................................................................ 10

3. INSTALLATION........................................................................................................ 10

3.1 Before installation..................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Front and back panels............................................................................................. 11

3.3 IDU Installation......................................................................................................... 13

3.4 ODU installation........................................................................................................ 14

3.5 Interface connections................................................................................................ 14

4. PC CONFIGURATION.............................................................................................. 16

4.1 Dynamic IP configuration of PCs connected to the Nera SatLink Terminal LAN ....... 16

4.2 Static IP configuration of PCs connected to the Nera SatLink Terminal LAN ............ 17

4.3 Tuning of TCP parameters........................................................................................ 18

5. USING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE OF THE SATLINK TERMINAL............ 20

5.1 Start-up sequence.................................................................................................... 20

5.2 CLI users access rights ............................................................................................ 21

5.3 Online help............................................................................................................... 21

5.4 Logging of events..................................................................................................... 22

5.5 CLI command summary............................................................................................ 23

6. NERA SATLINK TERMINAL CONFIGURATION...................................................... 25

6.1 Power on and logon.................................................................................................. 25

6.2 Initial configuration of parameters............................................................................. 26

6.3 ODU line-up.............................................................................................................. 33

6.4 Test of DVB-RCS connection ................................................................................... 36

6.5 Prepare the Nera SatLink Terminal for normal operation.......................................... 37

6.6 Backing up the current configuration......................................................................... 37

7. LAN DHCP SERVER............................................................................................... 38

8. QUALITY OF SERVICE............................................................................................ 40

8.1 Configuring QoS for the return link............................................................................ 41

9. RETURN LINK CAPACITY....................................................................................... 43

10. TRAFFIC INITIATED LOGON .................................................................................. 44

11. UPDATING THE NERA SATLINK TERMINAL SW................................................... 45

11.1 Automatic software update ....................................................................................... 45

11.2 Manual software update ........................................................................................... 46

11.3 Restoring the backup software ................................................................................. 47

12. SOFTWARE OPTIONS............................................................................................ 48

12.1 Network Address Port Translation (NAPT)................................................................ 48

12.2 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) and IP Tunnelling......................................... 49

13. SETTING UP ROUTING OF MULTICAST TRAFFIC FROM THE SATLINK

TERMINAL LAN TO THE GATEWAY....................................................................... 51

14. DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................... 53

15. REFERENCES......................................................................................................... 54

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

APPENDIX A. USING THE WEB INTERFACE.................................................................... 55

A.1 Status of the Nera SatLink terminal............................................................... 55

A.2 Configuration of the satellite interface........................................................... 58

A.3 IP address configuration............................................................................... 60

A.4 Terminal line-up............................................................................................ 61

APPENDIX B. ACCESSING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE VIA RS-232................... 63

B.1 Cable connection.......................................................................................... 63

B.2 PC configuration of HyperTerminal to access the CLI via RS-232................. 63

APPENDIX C. TFTP SERVER............................................................................................. 66

APPENDIX D. TELNET CLIENT .......................................................................................... 67

APPENDIX E. MANAGEMENT VIA SNMP .......................................................................... 68

APPENDIX F. CHANGING PRE-CONFIGURED PARAMETERS........................................ 69

F.1 IP routes....................................................................................................... 69

F.2 Default CW frequency................................................................................... 69

APPENDIX G. ODU ASSEMBLY AND MOUNTING PROCEDURE ..................................... 70

G.1 ODU installation steps .................................................................................. 70

G.2 Choice of antenna site.................................................................................. 70

G.3 ODU basic components................................................................................ 71

G.4 Assembly of LNB unit, transmitter and feed-horn.......................................... 72

G.5 Assembly and installation of the antenna...................................................... 77

APPENDIX H. USING OTHER BUCS THAN THE NERA SATLINK 3000............................ 88

H.1 Calibrating the IDU output power.................................................................. 88

APPENDIX I. THE BOOT SW ............................................................................................ 91

APPENDIX J. DEBUGGING NETWORK CONNECTIONS.................................................. 92

APPENDIX K. COLLECTING INFORMATION IF A PROBLEM OCCURS........................... 93

APPENDIX L. TCP ENHANCEMENT AND TUNING........................................................... 94

APPENDIX M. LIST OF EVENTS THAT MAY BE LOGGED................................................ 95

APPENDIX N. COMPLIANCE.............................................................................................. 99

N.1 Safety (Article 3.1.a of the R&TTE Directive) ................................................ 99

N.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (Article 3.1.b of the R&TTE Directive)............. 99

N.3 Efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum (Article 3.2 of the R&TTE

Directive) ...................................................................................................... 99

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1. Introduction

The Nera SatLink 1000, 1900, 1901 and 1910 are members of the Nera SatLink Terminal family of DVB-

RCS Terminals. They act as IP routers to interface one or more PCs for bilateral communication via the

satellite network. This User Guide covers the installation and operation of the Nera SatLink

1000/1900/1901/1901, commonly also referred to as the indoor unit (IDU) of the DVB-RCS terminal,

together with the accompanying outdoor unit (ODU) equipment.

The parameters of equipment transmitting to satellites are regulated by national and international

authorities in several countries in the world and by the satellite operators themselves. The standards now

in force are described in references [7], [8], [9] and [10]. The SatLabs group, of which Nera Broadband

Satellite is a member, now works to establish type approval for DVB-RCS terminals in cooperation with

Cetecom. Nera will certify its DVB-RCS terminals by these type approval guidelines as soon as they have

been finalised.

Figure 1: Nera SatLink 1000 Indoor Unit (IDU)

Figure 2: Nera SatLink 1900/1901/1910 Indoor Unit (IDU)

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Figure 3: Nera SatLink Outdoor Unit (ODU)

1.1 This User Guide

This User Guide is intended for DVB professionals, such as service providers and installers. Therefore, it

does not contain information for non-professional users, such as given in the user manuals of consumer

electronics products.

This information given pertains to the following software (SW) and hardware (HW) versions and

releases:

• Nera SatLink Boot loader, P/N 101225, SW build 1.8.0.2 and later

• Nera SatLink DVB-RCS Terminal Software, P/N 101224, version 8.0.0 and later

• Nera SatLink 1000, P/N 103346

• Nera SatLink 1900, P/N 100715

• Nera SatLink 1901, P/N 100105

• Invacom LNB/OMT SPV - 1SM, P/N 100816

• Nera SatLink 3000, P/N 100716

• Norsat transmitter 1010/1020XRT, P/N 101338

• Invacom transmitter TUL-204, P/N 104041

• Channel Master Type 960 - 0.96m Antenna, P/N 100883

• Channel Master Type 123 - 1.2m Antenna, P/N 100882

• Channel Master Type 184 - 1.80m Antenna, P/N 104216

• Raven 0.80 x 0.90 antenna, P/N 101391

• Visiosat Tx/Rx 75cm Offset Antenna, P/N 104213

• Visiosat Tx/Rx 90cm Gregorian Offset Antenna, P/N 103044

1.2 Configuration overview

Like all DVB-RCS terminals, the Nera SatLink Terminal must be configured before it can communicate

via the satellite to and from the gateway in the Hub station. There are two aspects of configuration:

• DVB-RCS return link parameters are set from the gateway via the forward link each time the

terminal logs on to the gateway.

• Terminal specific parameters are normally configured during installation. Typically, they include the

parameters for the initial forward link acquisition, parameters describing the outdoor unit equipment

to be used, the IP routing parameters, as well as terminal position, desired population id, and selected

transmitted EIRP on the return link.

A default configuration specifying most of these parameters usually is pre-loaded on each Nera SatLink

Terminal, either in the factory or by the service provider. It is hence normally only necessary to configure

the Forward link frequency and symbol rate, population ID, IP parameters, the SatLink terminal position,

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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and the wanted EIRP for each single terminal. For the current release the following options are supported

for configuration:

• Command Line Interface

- Via RS232/HyperTerminal (utility under Windows)

- Telnet (terminal-to-terminal remote host protocol), either from local LAN or the Satellite

interface (the Gateway).

• Web-interface from local LAN

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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2. Unpacking

Check that the following items are in the box received, then unpack.

• SatLink 1000, 1900 or 1901

• Foot for vertical placement (SatLink 1000 only)

• Power supply (SatLink 1000 only)

• Mains cord

• Brackets for 19” rack mounting (SatLink 1900/1901 only)

• CD with documentation

3. Installation

3.1 Before installation

3.1.1 Safety

Follow these guidelines to ensure general safety:

• Always comply with national and local electrical codes.

• Keep the installation area clear and dust free during and after installation.

• Keep tools and all components away from walk areas.

• Do not wear loose clothing, jewellery (including rings and chains), or other items that might get

caught on the IDU, the ODU or the interconnecting cables.

• Do not work on the system or connect or disconnect cables during lightning storms.

Follow these guidelines when working with electrical equipment:

• Disconnect all power and external cables before installing or removing a SatLink Terminal.

• Do not work alone when potentially hazardous conditions exist.

• Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit; always check.

• Do not act in any way that creates a potential hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe.

• Never install equipment that appears damaged.

• Carefully examine your work area for possible hazards such as moist floors, unearthed mains

extension cables and missing protective earths.

Should an electrical accident occur:

• Be cautious – do not become a victim yourself.

• Turn off electrical power to the system.

• If possible, send another person to get medical aid. Otherwise, assess the condition of the victim and

then call for help.

• Determine if the victim needs artificial respiration or external cardiac compressions; then take

appropriate action.

3.1.2 Site requirements

The Nera SatLink Terminal shall be connected to the mains 110/230 VAC, 50-60Hz.

3.1.3 Network

The Nera SatLink 1900/1901 provides an autodetect interface to a 10/100T Ethernet via an RJ45

connector.

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3.2 Front and back panels1

Figure 4: SatLink 1900/1901 Front panel.

Table 1: Font-panel LEDs

LED Colour, indicates

Power Blue, steady on when power switch is on and unit is powered. Blinks when the software is

loading.

Error Red, steady on when an error event occurs; steady on during reboot.

Satellite Receive Blue, blinks when the receiver is searching for the carrier.

Steady on when receiver is on and functioning properly.

Blinks when IP packets are received from the Satellite Interface (the Gateway).

Transmit Blue, blinks fast when a continuous wave (CW) is transmitted

Blinks slowly when the terminal is logging on to the DVB-RCS Gateway.

Steady on when the terminal is logged on to the DVB-RCS gateway.

Blinks when IP packets are transmitted to the Satellite Interface (the Gateway).

Ethernet2Receive Blue, on when Ethernet packets from the local network are being received.

Transmit Blue, on when Ethernet packets are sent to the local network.

1 The front and back panels are slightly different for SatLink 1000 and 1910.

2 On SatLink 1000 and 1910 there is only one Ethernet LED which on when connection to another

Ethernet device is established and blinks when there is traffic

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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Figure 5: SatLink 1900/1901 Back-panel

Table 2: Back-panel connectors and switches.

Item Description

On/off switch Mains power on (1) or off (0).

Mains Connector3Standard recessed plug for Mains cord.

COM1

Connector Nine-pin connector for connecting CLI interface to a computer serial RS232

interface.

Ethernet

Connector RJ45 connector for IP traffic to connect to a PC, Ethernet switch, IP router etc.

10BASE-T or 100BASE-T modes are detected automatically.

Node/Hub4

Push-button toggle Selects HUB or NODE configuration of the Ethernet port. NODE normally is used

when connecting to an Ethernet switch or Ethernet hub, while HUB is used when

connecting directly to a single PC.

External I/O Not used

Rx coaxial jack Coaxial 75 Ω F-type jack for the cable to the ODU receiver.

Tx coaxial jack Coaxial 75 Ω F-type jack for the cable to the ODU transmitter.

3 The power connector for SatLink 1000 is a 24V DC connector as the SatLink 1000 is equipped with an

external power supply.

4 Not present on SatLink 1000 and 1910 which auto-detects if Hub or Node mode shall be used.

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3.3 IDU Installation

3.3.1 On desktop or shelf

Place the Nera SatLink Terminal on a flat, stable surface, such as a desktop or shelf, close to the PC or

network device to which it will be connected. Keep its top, bottom and all sides unobstructed to ensure

free airflow. Rubber feet on the bottom provide adequate clearance. Ensure that there is at least 10 cm

clearance at the back to allow room for cable connections.

3.3.2 In rack

Warning: The rack or cabinet should be properly secured to prevent tipping. Equipment installed

in a rack or cabinet should be mounted as low as possible, with the heaviest units lower down, and

lighter units toward the top.

Precautions:

• Ensure that the mains circuits are properly earthed and use the mains cord supplied with the

SatLink Terminal to connect it to the mains outlet.

• If your installation requires a different mains cord than the one supplied, ensure that the cord used is

certified as indicated by the stamped or embossed logo of the electrical safety authority in your

country.

• If the on/off switch on the back panel is difficult to reach when the unit is fitted in the rack, ensure

that the mains outlet into which it is plugged can be reached so it may be unplugged if need be.

• Ensure that the unit does not overload the mains circuit, wiring or over-current protection. To

determine the possibility of overloading the supply circuits, add together the ampere ratings of all

devices installed on the same circuit as the Nera SatLink Terminal and compare the total with the

rating limit for the circuit. The maximum ampere ratings are usually printed on units near their mains

connectors.

• Do not install the Nera SatLink Terminal in a location where the operating ambient temperature may

exceed 45°C.

• Ensure that the airflow around the sides and back of the router is not restricted.

The Nera SatLink 1900/1901/1910 can be mounted in any EIA-standard 19-inch telecommunications rack

or cabinet. The Nera SatLink 1000 needs to be placed on a shelf is it shall b e placed in a rack.

Use a Torx screwdriver and attach the mounting brackets to the router with the screws supplied. Hold the

unit securely, brackets attached, and move it vertically until rack holes line up with the bracket notches,

then insert and tighten the four screws holding the brackets to the rack.

Figure 6: Rack Mounting

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3.4 ODU installation

Install the ODU as described in Appendix G and references [1], [2], [3], [4]and [5].

3.5 Interface connections

3.5.1 Rx/Tx cables between IDU and ODU

The coaxial cables from the ODU are connected to the type F coaxial jacks on the back panel of the Nera

SatLink Terminal. See also document Cable specification 102317.

• Connect one coaxial cable from the ODU Tx module input to the jack marked Tx. Do not connect

the Tx cable before the initial configuration of the Nera SatLink Terminal is performed to

ensure that incorrect or hazardous signals are not sent to the satellite.

• Connect one coaxial cable from the LNB to the port marked Rx on the back panel.

Note

Use only 75 O coaxial cables fitted with type F plugs for the Rx and Tx cables5

Note

Do not connect and disconnect the coaxial cables with power connected to the Nera SatLink

Terminal.

Hint

Before connecting the coaxial cables to the jacks on the back panel, perform a loop test by

connecting the cables together with a splice at the ODU and performing a continuity test at their

IDU ends.

Hint

Using different colour marking on the Tx and Rx coaxial cables reduces the probability for

interchanging the cables.

3.5.2 Ethernet connection to a Local Area Network (LAN)

The Nera SatLink Terminal may be connected to a single PC or to a network via the RJ-45 Ethernet jack

on the back panel.

• Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into the RJ-45 jack on the back panel.

• Plug the other end of the Ethernet cable into the RJ-45 jack a Local Area Network (LAN) device such

as an Ethernet hub, switch or router, according to its manufacturer’s instructions.

For the Nera SatLink 1900 and 1901 toggle the back panel push button to configure either Ethernet HUB

or NODE modes. Toggle to NODE when connecting to an Ethernet switch or an Ethernet hub, and toggle

to HUB when connecting to a single PC.

For the Nera SatLink 1000 and 1910 there is no push button on the back panel as Ethernet HUB or

NODE mode will be auto-detected and the correct mode chosen automatically.

3.5.3 Mains connection

The Nera SatLink 1900/1901/1910 has an internal power supply and consequently is connected directly to

a 110/230 VAC 50/60Hz outlet using a standard 230 VAC mains cord.

5 When using the Norsat 1010/1020XRT BUC a water-proof F-to-N adapter must be mounted between

the cable and the BUC input connector.

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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3.5.4 Power supply

The Nera SatLink 1000 has an external power supply that is connected to a 110/230 VAC 50/60Hz outlet

using a standard 230 VAC mains cord.

Warning: The Nera SatLink 1000 must only be connected to the external power supply that is

approved by Nera, P/N 104170 (LEI-S2425D / Model No. STD-2425)

Use of another power supply may void warranty.

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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4. PC configuration

4.1 Dynamic IP configuration of PCs connected to the Nera SatLink Terminal

LAN

By default the DHCP server in the Nera SatLink Terminal is enabled, and all PCs connected to the Nera

SatLink LAN can automatically retrieve their IP configuration from the DHCP server. The user should

verify that the Window clients are configured to obtain an IP address and DNS server address

automatically. The screen display shown below is from a Windows XP host. Displays in other versions of

Windows may differ slightly.

Figure 7: TCP/IP properties

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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From an MS-DOS window, the user may type ipconfig /all command to verify that the computer has

received correct configuration parameters from the DHCP server like IP address, subnet mask, default

Gateway, DNS servers and lease time.

Figure 8: ipconfig /all print out from an MS-DOS window

4.2 Static IP configuration of PCs connected to the Nera SatLink Terminal LAN

All PCs attached to the Nera SatLink Terminal LAN should be configured with static IP addresses when

the DHCP server in the SatLink Terminal is not enabled. The IP configuration parameters to use for PCs

connected to the Nera SatLink Terminal LAN are supplied from the system operator or service provider.

The screen displays shown below are in Windows 2000. Displays in other versions of Windows may

differ slightly.

4.2.1 Configure a Windows NT client

Use Windows Start menu, Settings, Control panel, Network, Protocols, Select TCP/IP, Properties,

Specify IP address. For instance, a host may have the following configuration; IP address 10.10.10.2,

Subnet mask 255.255.255.248 and default gateway 10.10.10.1, where the IP address of the default

gateway should be the IP address of the Nera SatLink Terminal LAN interface.

The DNS address can also be set in this menu.

The PC may have to be restarted to activate the new settings.

4.2.2 Configure a Windows 2000 client

Use Windows Start menu, Settings, Control panel, Network and dialup connections, Right click

Ethernet/LAN, Properties, Select Internet protocol (TCP/IP), Properties, Use the follow IP addresses. For

instance, a host can have the following configuration; IP address 10.10.10.58, Subnet mask

255.255.255.248 and default gateway 10.10.10.57.

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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Figure 9: Configuring Windows TCP/IP properties

The DNS address can also be set in this menu.

4.3 Tuning of TCP parameters

TCP is a packet-based protocol where data is transmitted in variable sized blocks. The TCP Receive

Window has a default value of 8 kB in Windows 95/98/NT and about 16 kB in Windows ME/2000/XP,

which is adequate for relatively slow dialup modems and high-speed networks with relatively low latency

(round-trip delay less than about100 ms). Increasing the TCP Receive Window above the default setting

can substantially improve the throughput on satellite connections were the round trip delay typically is in

the order of 600 ms.

Some free tools are available on the Internet to “tweak” various TCP/IP network settings that affect

downstream performances. They basically provide a short-cut to modify registries of Windows based

PCs.

• Tcp Tune at http://moat.nlanr.net/Software/TCPtune/ and

• Dr. Tcp at http://www.dslreports.com/front/drtcp.html are widely used freeware.

Microsoft has confirmed a TCP/IP transmission bug in Windows 95,98 and NT that can adversely affect

upload throughput over high-delay networks. However, the problem is corrected in NT Service Pack 6.

Windows NT, Windows 95 have older TCP/IP stacks that neither support large windows, nor selective

acknowledgement. Reportedly there are some patches available to fix this for Windows 95. The window

size should be increased to 65kB.

Windows 98/ME/2000/XP support selective acknowledgement, window scaling and large windows. The

default window size for Windows 98 is 8k. The Dr. TCP tool should be used to set large receive buffers

(65 kB or above), maximum TCP receive windows shall be set to 115000, as well as enabling windows

scaling/time stamps (RFC1323) and SACK (RFC 2018) functionality.

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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Figure 10: TCPTune utility

Figure 11: Dr. TCP utility

Nera SatLink Terminal User Guide

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5. Using the Command Line Interface of the SatLink

Terminal

The command line interface can be accessed via either Telnet or the RS-232 port for management of the

Nera SatLink Terminal as well as for showing status and reports.

5.1 Start-up sequence

When turning on the Nera SatLink Terminal first the Boot SW is loaded. A message like this is displayed

on the CLI/RS-232 when the boot SW starts. Note that Telnet is not available before the application has

been started.:

Nera SatLink boot-loader

- SW Product ID 101225, Revision 1.8.0.2

File system initialised

Press return to login

Press return within 10 seconds to display the login-prompt for entering the boot-load. See Appendix I for

further details about the boot SW.

After the timer has expired, the DVB-RCS application will be loaded. The message Loading

application will be shown when the application starts to load.

When the DVB-RCS application starts to run a message like this will be shown:

Nera SatLink 1900

- Main Board ID QROF2199282, Revision 6.2

- SW ID 101224, Revision 7.0.1 Build 21

The application will then initialise the file system, restore all configuration parameters from flash, do

initial configuration, and start the DVB-RCS receiver and transmitter if these are configured to start

automatically. Use the CLI commands dvb tx autostart and dvb rx autostart to configure the

DVB transmitter and receiver to start automatically when the DVB-RCS application is started.

The following messages on CLI shows when the Nera SatLink Terminal has successfully restored all

configuration parameters from the MIB (from the configuration file on the flash file system), when lock

on the forward link is achieved, and when successful DVB-RCS logon has been achieved:

State : CLI message

Configuration completed : Retrieving configuration....done

Lock on forward Link achieved : Forward link up

Successful logon : Return link up

Two-way link established

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