Kistler 8704B25M1T Owner's manual

Instruction

Manual

Single-Axis K-Shear-

Accelerometers

Types

8702B...,

8704B...,

8728A...,

8730A...

ä

Single-Axis

PiezoStar

Accelerometers

Types

8703A...,

8705A...,

8712B...,

8715A/B...

ä

002-086e-11.21

Foreword

002-086e-11.21

Thank you for choosing a Kistler quality product characterized

by technical innovation, precision and long life.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its products and

make changes to the content without obligation to notify any

person or organization of such changes or improvements.

pressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be repro-

duced for any purpose without the express prior written consent

of Kistler Group.

Kistler Group

Eulachstrasse 22

8408 Winterthur

Switzerland

Tel. +41 52 224 11 11

info@kistler.com

www.kistler.com

Page 1

002-086e-11.21Page 2

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

Content

1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................4

2. Important information ......................................................................................................................5

2.1 For your safety .......................................................................................................................5

2.2 Precautions ............................................................................................................................6

2.3 Disposal of electronic equipment ...........................................................................................6

2.4 Nomenclature .........................................................................................................................7

3. Product description ..........................................................................................................................8

3.1 Piezoelectric measurement concept ......................................................................................8

3.2 K-Shear background ..............................................................................................................9

3.3 PiezoStar background ..........................................................................................................10

3.4 Low impedance (IEPE) output..............................................................................................10

3.5 Accessories ..........................................................................................................................11

3.5.1 Studs .......................................................................................................................12

3.5.2 Adhesive mounting pads .........................................................................................13

3.5.3 Magnetic mounting bases .......................................................................................13

3.5.4 Triaxial mounting cubes ..........................................................................................14

3.5.5 Cables .....................................................................................................................15

4. Installation.......................................................................................................................................16

4.1 Surface preparation ..............................................................................................................16

4.2 Stud mounting ......................................................................................................................17

4.3 Direct adhesive mounting .....................................................................................................18

4.4 Mounting with wax ................................................................................................................19

4.5 Mounting with magnet ..........................................................................................................20

4.6 Summary of mounting methods ...........................................................................................21

4.7 Securing cables ....................................................................................................................22

4.8 Mass loading effects .............................................................................................................23

5. Operating instructions ...................................................................................................................24

5.1 Powering ..............................................................................................................................24

5.1.1 Using "Built-In" power sources................................................................................24

5.1.2 Kistler couplers .......................................................................................................25

5.1.3 The constant current power supply/coupler ............................................................25

5.1.4 Sensor power-up ....................................................................................................28

5.1.5 Overload recovery ..................................................................................................28

5.1.6 Supply voltage effects .............................................................................................29

5.1.7 Driving long cables .................................................................................................29

Page 3002-086e-11.21

Content

Total pages: 51

5.1.8 Ground loops ..........................................................................................................32

5.1.9 Ground isolation ......................................................................................................34

5.1.10 Frequency response limits ....................................................................................34

5.1.11 Frequency response denition and standards ......................................................34

5.1.12 High frequency limitations .....................................................................................35

5.1.13 Low Frequency limitations - accelerometer ..........................................................36

5.1.14 Low frequency limitations - coupler and read-out instrumentation .......................37

6. Technical data .................................................................................................................................39

7. Calibration & maintenance ............................................................................................................40

7.1 Calibration ............................................................................................................................40

7.2 Maintenance .........................................................................................................................40

8. Troubleshooting .............................................................................................................................41

9. Storage & transit considerations ..................................................................................................42

10. Warranty ........................................................................................................................................43

11. Declaration of conformity ............................................................................................................44

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

Page 4

Thank you for choosing a quality product from Kistler. Please

read through this manual thoroughly to enable you to fully

exploit the various features of your product.

To the extent permitted by law Kistler accepts no liability if

this instruction manual is not followed or products other than

those listed under Accessories are used. These instructions

describe Kistler Single-Axis K-Shear Quartz and PiezoStar

IEPE accelerometers.

Performance features at a glance:

High thermal stability with PiezoStar crystals for dynamic

temperature applications from –196 to 165 °C (–320 to

330 °F)

Wide frequency ranges thanks to high rigidity and reso-

nance frequencies

Long-term stability

Wide mounting congurations for all environments

Conforming to ä

Kistler offers a wide range of products for use in measuring

technology:

Piezoelectric sensors for measuring force, torque, strain,

pressure, acceleration, shock, vibration and acoustic

emission

Strain gage sensor systems for measuring force and

torque

Piezoresistive pressure sensors and transmitters

Signal conditioners, indicators and calibrators

Electronic control and monitoring systems, as well as

software for specic measurement applications

Data transmission modules (telemetry)

Kistler also develops and produces measuring solutions

for the application elds engines, vehicles, manufacturing,

plastics and biomechanics sectors.

Our product and application brochures, in addition to our

detailed data sheets, will provide you with an overview of our

product range.

If you require additional help beyond what can be located

online or in this manual, please contact Kistler‘s extensive

support organization or visit us online at www.kistler.com.

1. Introduction

002-086e-11.21

Important Information

Page 5

2. Important information

This product has been manufactured in compliance with

current valid safety regulations. It has left the factory in a

perfect, safe condition. In order to maintain this condition and

ensure safe operation, compliance is required with the inst-

ructions and warning notes contained within this manual or

imprinted on the product itself.

Compliance with local safety regulations, which may apply

to the use of power line operated electrical and electronic

equipment, is strongly recommended.

Do not drop the instrument.

Store in the case provided and in a clean, dry environ-

ment.

Power the instrument in accordance with the instructions

provided in this manual.

Do not mount accelerometers on high voltage surfaces.

Keep cable clear of power lines and open machinery.

It is essential for you to review the following information, which

is intended to ensure your personal safety when working with

the K-Shear and PiezoStar Shear IEPE Accelerometers and

contribute toward a long-fault-free service life.

2.1 For your safety

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

Page 6

2.3 Disposal of electronic equipment

2.2 Precautions

Compliance with the following precautionary measures is

vital to ensure safe and reliable operation:

▪ Never expose the instrument to contamination or oil mist.

▪ Never operate or store the instrument outside the specified

temperature range.

▪ Never exceed the maximum stated voltage

▪ DO NOT OVERTIGHTEN while stud or screw mounting the

sensor.

▪ Do not expose the unit to excessive shock, i.e. by using a

hammer or dropping the unit.

▪ When not in use, store the accelerometer in the container

supplied.

▪ The environment should be as dry, clean and free from

vibrations as possible.

▪ Keep the connector clean and covered when not in use.

▪ Follow the recommendations detailed in Section 7.2.

If there is evidence that safe operation is no longer possib-

le, the instrument must be powered off and rendered safe

against accidental start-up. Safe operation is no longer pos-

sible when the product:

▪ shows visible signs of damage

▪ is no longer operating

▪ has been subjected to prolonged storage under unsuitable

conditions

Do not discard old electronic equipment in municipal trash.

For disposal at end of life, please return this product to the

nearest authorized electronic waste disposal service or

contact your Kistler sales ofce for disposal instructions.

002-086e-11.21

Important Information

Page 7

Throughout this manual, special designations and

nomenclature are used for terms and concepts relating to

K-Shear and PiezoStar Shear sensors. These are identied

in Table 1.

Term Definition

Fs Full-scale

Es DC supply voltage (a/k/a compliance voltage)

Eb Bias voltage (from calibration certicate)

fFrequency in Hz

R1Output resistance of the coupler

R2Input resistance of the coupler

ICurrent in Amperes

CCapacitance in Farads

τTemperature

EOutput in Volts, Peak

R Read-out impedance

Z Input impedance

PiezoStar Special piezoelectric crystals

IEPE Integrated Electronics Piezoelectric

TEDS Transducer Electronic Data Sheet

Table 1: Manual nomenclature

2.4 Nomenclature

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

Page 8

3.1 Piezoelectric measurement concept

Piezoelectric accelerometers convert acceleration into an

electric charge. The charge derived by the accelerometer

is proportional to the force acting on the internal quartz

(piezoelectric) element. Accordingly, the mechanical variable

(acceleration) is derived from a force measurement.

3. Product description

Kistler K-Shear and PiezoStar accelerometers are shear

mode shock and vibration measuring instruments. A

self-generating piezoelectric sensing element is used

in conjunction with the built-in, internal circuit Piezotron

impedance converter. As with most accelerometers, the

sensitivity of this series is expressed in terms of the ratio of

the electrical output to applied acceleration (e.g. mV/g). In

the case of Piezotron devices, such as K-Shear, the output

is a low impedance voltage signal that is proportional to the

applied acceleration. K-Shear accelerometers utilize a quartz

piezoelectric crystal, while PiezoStar accelerometers utilize

a proprietary piezoelectric crystal to create the acceleration

charge.

Being a low impedance device, no charge amplier or

special cabling is required and transmission over long lines is

possible with a minimum of noise pick-up.

Accelerometers with a “T” sufx, such as Type 8702B…T

are variants of the standard version incorporating the 'Smart

Sensor' design. Viewing an accelerometer’s data sheet

requires a compatible Data Acquisition system or coupler,

such as Kistler LabAmp Type 5165A... The Interface provides

negative current excitation (reverse polarity), thereby altering

the operating mode of the PiezoSmart sensor and allowing

the program editor software to read or add information

contained in the memory chip.

Kistler publication K20.302 IEEE P 1451.4 Measurement

with Smart Transducers includes information on the IEEE

Standard 1451.4, the operating manner of smart sensors,

and a detailed review of the TEDS Editor and data sheet

content. Call Kistler to request a copy.

002-086e-11.21

Product Description

Page 9

3.2 K-Shear background

The sensing assembly (see Fig. 1) consists of a center post,

quartz piezoelectric crystals, seismic mass and a preload

bolt. Since the unit is operated in a shear arrangement,

it will sense motion perpendicular to the base. When the

accelerometer is attached to a vibrating structure, the mass

exerts a shear force on the quartz piezoelectric crystal. This

applied force causes the piezoelectric material to produce

an electric charge. Force = mass x’s acceleration (from

Newton's second law). Since m is the constant, the charge

produced is proportional to acceleration. This is represented

by the equation:

a = F

—

m

Fig. 1: Inside view of a typical single-axis shear accelerom-

eter

The K-Shear sensing element offers many advantages

over previous shear and compression mode designs. Due

to its shear construction, the accelerometer is insensitive to

thermal transients, transverse (cross-axis) motion and the

effects of base strain. This insensitivity to activities occurring

in an adjacent axis minimize cross talk effects in these triaxial

accelerometers.

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

Page 10

3.3 PiezoStar background

Kistler PiezoStar accelerometers utilize the same basic con-

struction as our K-Shear accelerometers except for one key

difference. PiezoStar accelerometers utilize a new proprie-

tary piezoelectric crystal which produces higher charge out-

put when compared to quartz based accelerometers and also

a have a higher operating temperature. When mated with in-

ternal Piezotron electronics, the accelerometer has the addi-

tional benefit of providing much lower temperature coefficient

of sensitivity when compared to quartz and ceramic-based

accelerometers.

3.4 Low impedance (IEPE) output

Contained within the accelerometer housing is a miniature

electronic circuit. This circuit converts the high impedance

charge signal generated by the piezoelectric element into a

low impedance voltage output signal. All accelerometer types

have a nominal output less than 100 ohms.

The integral impedance converter is powered by an external

power source (coupler) that uses a two-wire cable between

the accelerometer and coupler. The signal and power source

share a common line. The coupler provides a constant

current source to the accelerometer and decouples the DC

bias (see Section 5.1.3) from the measuring instrument. The

useable signal is seen as a varying voltage over an 11 VDC

(nominal) bias.

Low impedance accelerometers are ideally suited for

applications where long or moving cables are required, in

high humidity or other impure atmospheres. They eliminate

the difculties associated with a high impedance output

by providing a voltage signal with low impedance and a

high frequency response. The calibration factors for these

accelerometers are given in mV/g.

Table 2 depicts a typical low impedance measurement

system. Couplers vary considerably in appearance,

depending upon the application and the number of sensors

making up the system. It can also be directly integrated to the

data acquisition system.

002-086e-11.21

Product Description

Note: Due to its miniaturize connector, the Type 8715A/B... sensor will need an extension cable Type 1766A between the sensor and

the Type 1761B cable.

IEPE sensor and customer IEPE compatible DAQ

IEPE sensor and Kistler LabAmp

Page 11

Table 2: IEPE sensor/customer IEPE compatible DAQ and

IEPE sensor and Kistler LabAmp measuring chains

Measuring Connecting Amplifying Acquiring Analyzing

Type 87... Type 1761B... IEPE Compatible Data Acquisition

Unit (customer supplied)

Laptop (customer supplied)

Measuring Connecting Amplifying Acquiring Analyzing

Type 87... Ethernet Cable Notebook with LabAmp GUI

Type 5165A...

Conditioning and Data Acquisition

Analog Output ±10 V

Type 1511

Type 1761B...

3.5 Accessories

All accelerometers designed for stud mounting are supplied

with the appropriate studs. All accelerometers designed for

screw assembly mounting are supplied with a mounting

screw. All units intended for adhesive mounting are provided

with mounting wax. See Tables 3, 4 & 5 for more details re-

garding mounting stud dimensions or refer to the unit speci-

fications listed on the respective data sheet for each model.

5050B

8202A

8702B

5165A

Data Accquisition Unit

8763 B

8395A

8315A

5146A15

5134B

1631C

1761B

1592A

1792A

Ethernet Kabel

1756C

1635C

1511

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

X

CA

D

Y

Page 12

3.5.1 Studs

Type A B C D E Used with

8402 2.5

[0.10]

2.5

[0.10]

7.1

[0.28]

10-32

UNF

10-32

UNF 8702, 8704

8410 2.0

[0.08]

3.2

[0.13]

6.4

[0.25] 10-32 ¼–28 8712

8411 2.8

[0.11]

6.6

[0.26]

10.4

[0.41]

10-32

UNF M6 8702, 8704

8412 ––9.5

[0.37] – ¼–28 8712

8421 3.3

[0.13]

7.5

[0.30]

12.3

[0.48] ¼–28 M8 8712

8451 2.8

[0.11]

5.0

[0.20]

8.8

[0.34] 10-32 M5 8702, 8703,

8704, 8705

8453 3.7

[0.15]

5.1

[0.20]

9.8

[0.38] M5 ¼–28 8712

Table 3: Mounting studs (dimensions in mm [in])

The following studs can be used with Kistler accelerometers:

Isolated mounting studs are also available to avoid ground

loop issues.

Type A C D THD.

X

THD.

YUsed with

8400K01 3.4

[0.13]

11.6

[0.46]

12.7 Hex

[0.50 Hex] 10-32 10-32 8702, 8703,

8704, 8705

8400K03 5.5

[0.22]

12.8

[0.50]

19.1 Hex

[0.75 Hex] 10-32 M6 8702, 8703,

8704, 8705

Table 4: Isolated mounting studs (dimensions in mm [in])

002-086e-11.21

Product Description

X

CA

DY

Page 13

3.5.2 Adhesive mounting pads

Keeps adhesive material out of the tapped hole or stud and

provides ground isolation.

Type Description

8434,

8436M02 Use to adhesively mount Type 8730

8436 Use to adhesively mount Types 8702, 8703, 8704, 8705

8438 Use to adhesively mount Types 8712

Type A C D THD.

X

THD.

YUsed with

8466K07 5.1

[0.20]

7.6

[0.30]

8.89 Hex

[0.35 Hex] 5-40 5-40 8730

3.5.3 Magnetic mounting bases

These offer a convenient, temporary attachment to a

ferromag netic test structure. A notched mounting unit is avail-

able for mounting on curved surfaces. Magnetic bases nd

use in appli cations requiring vibration monitoring of large ro-

tating machin ery. Note that usage of some mounting bases

can add consider able mass and reduce high frequency re-

sponse. High care should be taken while usage of magnetic

mounting bases in order to avoid shock during ferromagnetic

surface approach. This could lead to irreversible damage to

the sensor.

Type Description

8440K03 Mounting base with integral stud for adhesive mounting;

Types 8702, 8703, 8704, 8705

Table 5: Isolated mounting adaptor (dimensions in mm [in])

Table 6: Adhesive mounting bases with female thread

Table 7: Adhesive mounting bases with male thread

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

X

B

A

Page 14

3.5.4 Triaxial mounting cubes

Allows for two or three single-axis accelerometers to be pre-

cisely mounted to perform biaxial or triaxial acceleration mea-

surements. Cube attachment to the test surface can either be

by stud or adhesive for some types. Accelerometer attach-

ment to the cube can be in a similar manner.

Type Description

8502 For use with Types 8702, 8703, 8704, and 8705.

Weight: 117 grams

8510 For use with Type 8730.

Weight: 19 grams

8514 For use with Types 8702 and 8704.

Weight: 35 grams

Type A B C THD.

XUsed with

8450A 7.6

[0.30]

12.7

[0.50]

11.1

[0.44]

5-40

fem. 8730

8452A 11.2

[0.44]

17.8

[0.70]

15.9

[0.62]

10-32

fem.

8702, 8703, 8704,

8705

8456 11.3

[0.44]

25.0

[0.98] –¼–28

male 8712

KIG4662

B-3

14.0

[0.55]

18.0

[0.71] –10-32

male 8702, 8705

KIG4662

B-4

10.9

[0.43]

18.0

[0.71]

12.7

[0.50]

6-32

fem.

8702, 8703, 8704,

8705

KIG4662

B-6

5.8

[0.23]

9.4

[0.37]

7.1

[0.28]

5-40

fem. 8730

Table 8: Magnetic mounting adaptors (dimensions in mm

[in])

Table 9: Triaxial mounting cubes

002-086e-11.21

Product Description

Page 15

3.5.5 Cables

All K-Shear and Piezostar accelerometers with detachable

cables are furnished without cables. Refer to cable datasheet

Ref. 000-471 for more details.

Cables used with K-Shear and Piezostar accelerometers are

summarized below.

Type Description

1761B... General purpose cable/connector. 10-32 pos. to BNC pos.

Accelerometer output cable.

1762B... General purpose cable/connector. 10-32 pos. to 10-32

pos. Accelerometer output cable.

1511sp General purpose cable/connector. BNC pos to BNC pos.

Output or extension cable.

1766AK01 Extension cable 5-44 pos. to 10-32 neg. for usage with

Type 8715A/B... sensors

1768A...K01 Flexible cable 10-32 pos. to BNC pos. Accelerometer

output cable

1768A...K02 Flexible cable 10-32 pos. to 10-32 pos. Accelerometer

output cable

Table 10: Cables

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

Page 16

4. Installation

This section provides the user with a quick means of placing

the Kistler K-Shear or PiezoStar Shear IEPE accelerometers

into operation. Careful installation will result in optimal, high

frequency response, accuracy and reliability. Dimensional

characteristics can be found on their respective data sheets.

Table 11: Mounting options

4.1 Surface preparation

A clean, at surface is necessary for both stud and adhesive-

mounted accelerometers. If the surface is not completely at,

the coupling between the accelerometer and the test article

introduces distortion into the measurement. A rough surface

creates voids between the mounting surfaces that reduce

high frequency transmissibility.

Type Mounting description

8702B... Stud, magnet or adhesive mounting

8703A... Stud, magnet or adhesive mounting

8704B... Stud, magnet or adhesive mounting

8705A... Stud, magnet or adhesive mounting

8712B... Stud, magnet or adhesive mounting

8715A/B... Adhesive, through hole screw mounting

8728A... Adhesive mounting

8730A... Stud, magnet or adhesive mounting (with base)

002-086e-11.21

Installation

Page 17

4.2 Stud mounting

Type 8730A… is specically designed for stud mounting.

Most Kistler mounting studs are machined from Beryllium

Copper for high strength and low modulus of elasticity,

coupled with high elastic limits. The studs are removable,

allowing both stud and adhesive mounting. The studs on

Types 8702B…, 8703A…,8704B…, 8705A…, and 8712A…

are removable allowing both stud and adhesive mounting The

Type 8715A/B... sensor is delivered with a ground isolated

screw kit for through hole mounting. The following guidelines

should be followed when stud mounting accelerometers:

1. Drill and tap an adequate hole to ensure a ush mount of

the accelerometer. Make sure the stud does not bottom

out and rmly secures the accelerometer. A chamfer

should be machined at the top of the mounting hole to

ensure that the base of the accelerometer.

2. Completely clean the surface prior to mounting.

3. Apply a thin coat of silicon grease to both the acclerometer

and the mounting surface.

4. Always use the proper sockets and a torque wrench when

installing accelerometers. Tighten the accelerometer

to the torque specied on the individually supplied

calibration certicate or as specied in Table 12. DO NOT

OVERTIGHTEN.

N·min-lbs Accelerometer Types

2±0.2 18±28702, 8703, 8704, 8705, 8712

1±0.1 10±28730

0.5±0.05 4.5±0.5 8715

Table 12: Recommended mounting torque

For optimal frequency response with stud mount units, the

surface and hole preparation should be performed according

to the instructions in Table 13. The roughness should not

exceed 32 micro inches (0.8 micrometers).

002-086e-11.21

Single-Axis K-Shear and PiezoStar Accelerometers

Page 18

Stud Type D L1 mm [in] L2 mm [in]

8400K01 10-32 6.0 [0.24] 9.4 [0.37]

8400K03 M6 4.5 [0.18] 8.0 [0.32]

8402 10-32 4.0 [0.16] 8.0 [0.32]

8410 10-32 4.0 [0.16] 8.0 [0.32]

8411 M6 8.0 [0.32] 12.0 [0.47]

8412 ¼–28 5.0 [0.20] 11.0 [0.43]

8421 M8 8.0 [0.31] 16.0 [0.63]

8446AE3 M2.5 6.0 [0.24] 10.0 [0.39]

8446AM3 4-40 5.0 [0.20] 8.0 [0.32]

8453 M5 6.4 [0.25] 9.6 [0.37]

Table 13: Stud mounting preparation

4.3 Direct adhesive mounting

Some K-Shear accelerometers are specically designed

for adhesive mounting (i.e. Type 8728A500 and eventually

Type 8715A/B...) and require no special mounting adapters.

Units furnished with stud holes or screws can also be used

with adhesives.

The surface should be smooth and at. A cyanoacrylate

type adhesive, such as Eastman 910 or Loctite 496 super

glue, is recommended. While epoxies can also be used,

cyanoacrylate adhesives provide an extremely thin bond

which provides optimal frequency response.

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Kistler 8704B25M1T Owner's manual

Kistler 8704B25M1T Owner's manual

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